ABSTRACT. Introduction: One of the main measures to prevent cervical cancer is cervical cancer screening. When an abnormal cytological result (such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)) is detected in the screening, women are referred to specialized care for medical surveillance and control of risk factors in order to avoid the development of cancer. Goals and Methods: A generic qualitative study using a poststructuralist perspective of risk management was carried out in a Spanish gynecology clinic, to explore the effects that medical surveillance and treatment of CIN has on the personal and social life of women. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 21 women with a confirmed diagnosis of CIN. Semistructured interviews were recorded and transcribed, and a thematic analysis was carried out, including researcher triangulation to verify the results of the analysis. Results: Two main themes emerged from the participants’ experiences: CIN medical surveillance encounters and risk management strategies are shaped by the biomedical discourse, and the effects of “risk treatment” for patients include (a) profound changes expected of patients, (b) increased patient risk management, and (c) resistance to risk management. While doctors’ surveillance aimed to prevent the development of cervical cancer, women felt they were sick because they had to follow strict recommendations over an unspecified period of time and live with the possibility of a life-threatening disease. Clinical risk management resulted in the medicalization of women’s personal and social lives and produced great uncertainty. Conclusions. This study is the first to conceptualize CIN medical surveillance as an illness experience for patients. It also problematizes the effects of preventative practices in women’s lives. Patients deal with great uncertainty, as CIN medical surveillance performed by gynecologists simultaneously trivializes the changes expected of patients and underestimates the effects of medical recommendations on patients’ personal wellbeing and social relations.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Interprofessionalism has been highlighted for its strengthening potential to ensure the provision of qualified health care in the face of the unpredictability imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic context. Despite its importance, the Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (ICP) has not yet been fully understood and operationalized in the hospital setting, which is a challenge among professionals and managers. Different aspects influence this process, such as interactional, organizational and systemic determinants. The measurement of the organizational climate is one of the strategies to assess these determinants. Goals and methods: The goal of the study will be to analyze the organizational climate and its interference in PCI from the perspective of managers and health professionals in a hospital context to fight COVID-19. It will be a mixed methods study, using the concomitant incorporated specific strategy. Specifically in qualitative data collection, semi-structured individual interviews will be conducted, covering topics about the understanding of PCI and the perception of organizational climate interference in PCI in the fight against COVID-19, considering the dimensions and factors of the scales that will be used for quantitative data collection. Qualitative data will be analyzed through Bardin’s Thematic Content Analysis and theoretical-conceptual referential from the Model and typology of collaboration among professionals from health organizations. Study participants will be managers and health professionals from the Teaching Hospital of the University of São Paulo. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committees. Results: We hope that the study will provide subsidies for the development of improvement, intervention and cyclical assessment strategies, strengthening the management of human resources in nursing and health in the institution in crisis situations. Conclusions: We believe that this research will contribute to the construction of theoretical and practical nursing and health knowledge about PCI and organizational climate in the hospital context to fight COVID-19.

ABSTRACT. As computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) continues growing and incorporating diverse features, the potential to aid researchers’ work is also expanding. In addition to facilitating the analysis of various kinds of qualitative data, the powerful tools of CAQDAS can also be applied to the literature review. The present paper aims to share the fruits of CAQDAS with researchers from all disciplines so that they may make sense of this rich information and tell a coherent and compelling story regarding their own literature review. The literature review is an important part of any research project, which is why we present practical advice for how ATLAS.ti 22 can be used to conduct a rigorous literature review. We build on a practical literature review framework that consists of planning and designing, elaborating a research question, describing the state of the art, identifying research gaps, building a conceptual framework, and following important quality criteria. With these best practices, we hope to incite self-reflection and rigor in conducting literature reviews with CAQDAS.

ABSTRACT. Abstract Over The Top (OTT) in South Africa has seen a mixed bag of fortunes, 70% of all home grown solutions have collapsed within 18 months due to lack of local contextualisation. The cut and paste solutions need to glocalise for relevance. Newer emerging technologies are morphing the content distribution and monetisation ecosystems in South Africa. The traditional monetisation models are no longer viable as new international entrants shrink the revenue pie. This study answers the question; “How to create a hybrid OTT monetisation model in South Africa?” The goal of this study is to create a hybrid monetisation model that can be suitable for the South African market. The study will be underpinned by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and the Use of Technology (UTAUT). The method of enquiry is the systematic reviews with Interpretivism as philosophy; and an inductive approach was chosen. The researcher will formulate questions to answer population, intervention, comparison and outcomes (PICO), develop a protocol (inclusion and exclusion criteria), performing a detailed and broad literature search and screening the abstracts of the studies identified in the search and subsequently of the selected complete texts through Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, following a Qualitative Description (QD) design. The necessary data is extracted into a form designed in the protocol to summarise the included studies, assess the biases of each study, identifying the quality of the available evidence, and develop tables and text that synthesise the evidence using CASP. The study focuses on OTT operators within South Africa. Only articles that had ethical clearance approval will be included. The study is significant to the industry players, legislators, investors. Preliminary findings suggest subscription, advertising, and transactions will be some of the combined models to be adopted. Key Words: Glocalisation, Hybrid, Model, Monetization, OTT

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Qualitative research is increasingly used in the field of Psychology and can be an important factor in promoting social justice. Consequently, arises the importance of training opportunities in qualitative scientific research for Psychology students, including Educational Psychology students. Moreover, educational psychologists seem very receptive to this kind of research. Goals and Methods: The main goal of this work is to examine the feedback of a group of students about qualitative research and a research methods subject, centered on qualitative methodology. Participants were 11 students (10 women and one man), enrolled in a 2nd cycle course, in Educational Psychology, at a Portuguese Public University, in the academic year 2019/2020. All students participated voluntarily through informed consent. Participants were asked to write individual narratives, following some proposed guiding topics. The narratives were subjected to content analysis, which was carried out by two coders, following a deductive and an inductive process related to coding and categorization operations. Results: Students' knowledge about the qualitative research was organized in seven categories: Paradigms/Worldview, Purpose of the Research, Dimension of the Phenomenon and Ontological, Methodological, Epistemological and Axiological Assumptions. Students' feedback about the research methods subject was mainly organized in three categories: Motivational Aspects, Teaching-learning Process and Learning Transfer. Conclusions. Teaching qualitative research methods seems to be an asset in qualitative students’ research skills. After the attendance of the research methods subject students seem to have a deepen knowledge about qualitative research and value this investigative approach, highlighting the opportunity to demystify beliefs and to experiment skills development. Students also suggest that qualitative research training should occur earlier in their academic trajectory at undergraduate level. So, we can conclude that teaching qualitative research is important in Psychology students training and should be integrated in the syllabus before master training.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: The adoption of professional practices committed to patient safety is a worldwide movement. The field of Radiology has evolved significantly in recent years, as a result of technological development and incorporation. However, along with the benefits that technological advances bring to health actions aimed at early diagnosis and intervention, significant risks that compromise patient safety also arise. In Brazil, in view of the inequalities in resource allocation and professional qualification, patient safety in radiodiagnostic services is a matter of concern. Objectives: To identify the scientific evidence on 'Patient Safety' in the field of Radiodiagnostic Services in Brazilian health services. Method: A scoping review study using the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The location of the materials, occurred in databases that hosted primary articles whose Radiodiagnostic services were Brazilian. The organization of the textual material from the articles selected by the independent reviewers was supported by the webQDA® software so that Bardin's content analysis was used to denote the evidence. Results and Discussion: Fifty-nine articles were located, of which 23 presented adherence to the research problem. The evidence that emerged from these 23 materials showed, preliminarily, that the concern with 'Patient Safety' in the area of Radiodiagnosis is limited to the administration of intravenous contrast, gestational event, care aligned with radiological protection, communication with the patient, correct diagnosis, hand washing and care in the act of venipuncture. Conclusions: The evidence found showed partial approximation with the International Patient Safety Goals, denoting the need for investment in actions committed to 'Patient Safety' in the area of Radiodiagnosis.

ABSTRACT. Participatory evaluation is currently emerging as an approach of choice in the field of Global Health Research (Johansson et al., 2018). In this type of evaluation, multiple stakeholders are actively involved in all stages of the evaluation project, from the identification and formulation of evaluation questions to the construction of the conceptual model and the adoption of outcome restitution strategies (Springett, 2017). The collaborative dimension of participatory approaches creates a space for inclusive analysis and collective action to transform power relations and promote social action and organizational change (Suárez-Herrera et al., 2009; Worthen et al., 2019).

Many authors have written about the importance of multi-stakeholder involvement in participatory evaluation. However, there is still little reflection and few avenues for action on how to collaboratively "manage" a participatory evaluation project (Suárez-Herrera et al., 2019). Based on the secondary analysis of multiple empirical experiences developed by the author in the field of Global Health Research in countries such as Brazil, Spain, Canada or Senegal, this article seeks to identify the set of strategies necessary to intervene in this field of research.

“Collaborative steering committees” appear as an interesting (and necessary) strategy to implement participatory evaluations in Global Health Research projects and therefore in Applied Social Sciences. Some characteristic aspects of these committees, such as the nature of the participatory processes, the degree of territorial anchoring or the set of functions and competencies of their members, as well as the role of the evaluator as a translator of diverse knowledge and logics of action, are specifically examined. The conclusions of this article can be extrapolated integrally to any qualitative research of participatory nature.

ABSTRACT. Scholars can employ literary art, like fiction, as a method of research dissemination with the intent to disrupt D/discourses in communities beyond the Academy. Like traditional dissemination in journal publications and book chapters, fiction can share findings about the human story in the context of socio-cultural and political phenomena. In this paper, E. H. York and Christine Schott, scholars in different disciplines who both also hold M.F.A.s in Creative Writing, argue for the use of fiction to disseminate their studies. E. H.’s study used queer and critical race theory to interrogate the portrayal of community colleges in popular culture. In Hollywood’s image, two-year institutions of higher education are often represented as the “joke” school, “fake” college, a last-resort for students, faculty, and staff. Popular culture can alter behavior, expectation, and actions of stakeholders. To queer this portrayal of the community college and push back against deficit narratives found in sitcoms like Community, Erin is constructing a novel that employs counter-storytelling and features an abundance of cultural wealth at two-year institutions. Christine’s study analyzed medieval Icelandic literature (stories of the Viking Age) through historical and theoretical lenses. Using perspectives from feminist theory and disability studies, she constructed the story of a mute rape survivor and found the most accessible and meaningful mode to share her work was not traditional academic analysis but a short story. Through the process of conducting research and analyzing data, both scholars concluded their findings would be more effectively disseminated as fiction. Fiction as a method of dissemination allows these scholars to reach audiences in and outside of the Academy, to consider the accessibility of research findings, and to push for D/discursive change.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought massive disruption, as it strongly impacted several dimensions of people’s life. All over the world, organizations were forced to stop presential activities and adopt teleworking, with exception of front-line workers, who had to continue their presential activity, hence being more vulnerable to the virus. As we adjusted ourselves to this new reality, many debates emerged regarding the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will leave on our life, including our work life. Goals and Methods: This study focuses on Portuguese workers' expectations regarding changes in work associated with COVID-19. Data were collected via an online questionnaire between May and June 2020, requesting information regarding the confinement period during the first State of Emergency in Portugal. Expectations of change in work were assessed using an open answer question (i.e., “In your opinion, what will change in work contexts as a result of this pandemic?”). Overall, 207 Portuguese workers answered the questionnaire; here we focus on the 118 participants who answered the open question. Data were analysed using SPSS and IRAMUTEQ. Results: Textual analysis using IRAMUTEQ to the open question show that participants expect changes regarding the organization of work, namely the increase in the use of telework and digitization. They also show concerns regarding changes in workload, working conditions and safety, and the relationship between managers/leaders and workers. Conclusions: This work contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had – and will continue to have - on our working lives and the areas associated.

ABSTRACT. Introduction Previous studies showed the negative impact of Covid-19 pandemic, being associated with anxiety, depression, and feelings of fear. Fewer studies addressed the subjective experience and psychological processes throughout different pandemic phases. Objectives To access the subjective experiences and psychological adjustment of workers in telecommuting and nurses, regarding the impact of Covid-19 pandemic during phases I-III lockdowns in two emergency states. Methods Online semi-structured interviews conducted with twenty Portuguese nurses and workers in telecommuting were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the IPA methodology and Lexical Analysis with Alceste^®. Results Classes clustered in Lexical analysis attested the validity of the IPA’s consensual themes. Both groups were info-whelmed, stressed, work overloaded, felt fear, anxious and anguish facing contagious uncertainty, and financial constraints, struggling with work-life balance. Both complied rapidly with the restraints imposed electing adaptive coping and emotional regulation strategies. The nurses’ group, faced defiant working conditions, expressed higher burnout risk. In the III pandemic phase lockdown, participants reported less anxiety, but more stress, frustration, adapting self-regulation strategies over time. Conclusions Throughout the pandemic evolution, telecommuting workers and nurses identified personal experiences, feelings, and the impact related to the Covid-19 pandemic, adopting cognitive, behavioral, and emotional self-regulation strategies focusing on their wellbeing. Over time the negative effects may wear out personal resources, increase vulnerability and trigger the onset of psychological symptoms. We synthetize the subjective experiences regarding the psychological impact and adaptation processes through phase I-III, which may be useful to design psychological prevention and intervention programs to promote psychological adjustment in different organizations.

ABSTRACT. The 4IR is changing the world of work, the use of algorithms and artificial intelligence may lead to some current HR capabilities being obsolete. It is against this backdrop that this study focuses on the impact of 4IR on the capabilities of Human Resource professionals, in South Africa. The purpose of the study is to develop a capability framework for HR professionals with the view to minimise the adverse impact of 4IR. This study is anchored on the industrial revolution and human capital management theories. The study seeks to respond to the question: what capabilities are required for human resources professionals within the context of 4IR? A case study research design will be adopted, which means an empirical investigation of a phenomenon within its natural context. The case study will be carried through in depth interviews using guided questions. The population will comprise of HR professionals in the Gauteng Province. Purposive sampling will be used to enable the researcher to deliberately select a sample size of ten (10) participants that are knowledgeable about the areas under study, this will enhance the richness of the findings. Trustworthiness will adapt strictly to principles of credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. Peer reviews and data triangulation will be used to enhance rigor of the study. Thematic analysis will be conducted using WEBQDA. Ethical principles considered in this study, include informed consent and confidentiality. This is an ongoing study, and the outcome of the study will inform human resources professionals capacity building, developing associated curriculum and theory development.

ABSTRACT. This presentation compares three doctoral studies (two in South Africa and one in Mauritius) questioning whether qualitative research's preferred goals to shield participant anonymity reinforces an idealised, westernised individualism. In cultures where the communal collective identities are valued, anonymity might be considered disrespectful. The first study looked at how South African higher education students from under-served schooling wanted their photographs to be non-anonymised in the textual thesis representation. Adhering to normative visual ethics, pictures are expected to blur the participants' faces. The students and the researcher felt that anonymity undermined the students' personal stories of struggle. The second study looked at how gender equity was subverted within South African teacher union bureaucracies. Despite rhetorical claims to support women's empowerment, male union officers reinforced patriarchy. To protect the women participants, who vacillated about their complicity with this oppression, the researcher chose, through a poetic presentation, to develop a factionalised woman harmonising the many participants whose individual voices would otherwise be easily identified. Anonymity allowed the researcher to represent and critique unique voices of oppression. The third study looked at teachers' reflections of policy-driven national Mauritian curriculum reform within a context that expected compliance with national state agendas. Divergent teacher opinions, nevertheless, surfaced when the researcher shifted the contextual spaces of data production. An ethnodrama was chosen as a representational device to capture emblematic characters in different spaces. The drama script allowed the researcher (who is also inserted into the drama) to reflect and critique teachers' voices. The paper does not foreground the data production strategies themselves. Instead, it highlights the challenges and consequences of tackling anonymity in the analytical representation of the participants' voices. The first study suggests anonymity as undermining, the second anonymity allowed critique of complicity and the third accentuated teachers' voices in varied spaces.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: An in-depth study was conducted on student self-efficacy in the teaching and learning environment of undergraduate Natural Sciences students at the University of the Free State. Self-efficacy refers to people’s beliefs in their capabilities to achieve Students with high self-efficacy generally have adequate levels of academic achievement and use more effective learning strategies. Self-efficacy theory postulates a bi-directional influence between self-efficacy and achievement. This research originated in response to the recognition of a gap regarding guidelines to improve student self-efficacy. Self-efficacy theory, in conjunction with its determining issues, provided the platform to develop guidelines to improve student self-efficacy to bridge the identified gap. Goals and Methods: The study was done with the goal to develop guidelines to improve student self-efficacy. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory research design was used with a quantitative and qualitative phase. This design answered the research questions within a pragmatist paradigm. The research methods in the quantitative phase comprised a literature study to inform the development of the instrument (questionnaire), instrument development and a questionnaire to identify factors that influence the status of self-efficacy. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews with students and lecturers were conducted to identify factors influencing student self-efficacy in the teaching and learning environment. Results: The quantitative phase identified the factors used to compile the questions for the semi-structured interview. The qualitative data emphasized self-regulated learning, self-regulated motivation, student engagement, student autonomy and future careers in the teaching and learning environment as interrelated issues with self-efficacy. This was done by thematic analysis. Conclusion: This study generated comprehensive knowledge of issues interrelated with self-efficacy among undergraduate Natural Sciences students. This culminated in developing three guidelines to assist lecturers in supporting student self-efficacy in the classroom. The guidelines may improve student self-efficacy and academic achievement in undergraduate Natural Sciences students.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Trust is identified as an essential element of patient-healthcare professionals’ relationship. Several studies are focused on identifying the factors that affect it, but only few are focused on the meaning of trust for ill person. Goal and methods: Aim of the case study was to analyse how person with chronical illness make sense of trust in healthcare professionals. Phenomenological interpretative approach was adopted, using in-depth interview with one participant (nickname: Arthur, 70 years old male) to collect data. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for data analysis. The study was approved by the faculty Ethics Committee. Results: Six interconnected personal experiential themes of Arthur’s trust in healthcare professionals were emerged: Expectations, hope and faith: the essence of trust; Willingness and interest: involvement; Positive references and a well-known health professionals: trustworthiness; Nurses are like a duvet: an unaddressed trust; Not to be afraid: abandonment and safety; Artificial willingness and routine: inauthenticity. Arthur’s trust is rooted in expectation of good with hope that this good will happen and belief the healthcare professional delivers the good. Trust causes reduction of his fear, special kind of abandonment and sense of safety. Arthur perceives involved and authentic care as an interest in his person and with a well-known healthcare professionals, he is able to open up. Routine care and inauthenticity of professionals strongly disturb his trust and cause vigilance in relationship. Arthur has a special trust in nurses, which he perceives as an unaddressed mass (associated with the duvet) that he primarily trusts. Conclusions: This study deepens understanding of the sense of trust in healthcare professionals of people with chronical illness and can contribute to good quality of person-centred care. The study was supported by grant VEGA No. 1/0276/21: Trust in the relationship between patients with chronic illness and healthcare professionals: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

ABSTRACT. Introduction In this study, ethnography is the chosen method to investigate Self-Regulated Learning promotion and development within a traditional primary school classroom. The ethnographic approach is here adopted to allow a deeper insight into both the visible behaviours and the intentions and beliefs embedded in a such a complex and multi-layered approach to learning. Following the Covid-19 pandemic restrictions, both our University research guidelines and primary school access rules required a challenging switch from in-presence to online methods to collect data. The outbreak of the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic took place the year before the field’s kick off. The studied classroom, then a first-grade class, experienced a 5-months spell of remote learning. This allowed the pupils to develop a strong identity as an on-line community. Therefore, the planned traditional ethnographic approach could be morphed into a virtual one. Goals and methods The paper provides a short narrative of the developments of this transition to the digital. Its aim is to describe and share emotional and practical endeavours to cope with a shift which disclosed an unknown landscape in classroom ethnography’s field. The study is to be considered as a reflection paper aimed at focusing the procedural features of the research process. It relies on fieldnotes, memos and annotations taken along the set-up and the implementation of the field. Results The study highlights those fields of experience which were mostly impacted: 1) the field length; 2) the step-by-step tailoring of data collection methods; 3) the ‘insider/outsider dilemma’; 4) the emotional impact on the researcher. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that, from a methodological perspective, on the one hand virtual ethnography enhances ethnography, on the other one it poses additional challenges to perform trustworthy qualitative research.

ABSTRACT. Introduction

For companies, the living world of security risk management (SRM) presents continued challenges for IT executives. Growing data breaches, significant funding needs, non-stop malicious cyber threats, and living world events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, often drive increasing complexities in managing and responding to cyber security events. Due to the guarded nature of the SRM process, an exploratory study was designed to take an alternative, in-depth multi-method approach to examining SRM.

Goals and Methods

The goals of this study were to identify the organizational drivers and challenges, that contribute to improved SRM maturity and SRM effectiveness. Financial reporting artifacts from a sample of banks were reviewed by performing a directed content analysis, provisional coding, and textual analysis. The initial results were validated by three subject matter experts. Interviews, the Q-sorting technique, and a critical discourse analysis were performed while validating the initial results. This qualitative exploration was grounded on the resource-based view (RBV) theory and the Software Engineering Institute’s Capability Maturity Model Integration (SEI-CMMI) framework.

Results

As a result of this multi-method approach, a SRM dictionary was created. Also, SRM capability levels and SRM maturity levels were classified to identify potential drivers and challenges to SRM improved maturity and SRM effectiveness. It was determined that differing perspectives on both the organizational drivers and challenges to achieving SRM maturity and SRM effectiveness exist.

Conclusion

As a result of this study, varying living world perspectives of SRM were obtained and showcased drivers and challenges towards SRM effectiveness facing companies. Overall, this study’s contribution delivered an alternative approach in defining SRM. Also, this study provided a multi-method approach, including theoretical considerations, for future SRM work performed by researchers and practitioners.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: There is evidence that young people generally self-manage their mental health using self-care strategies, coping methods, and other self-management techniques, which may better meet their needs or be preferable to attending specialist mental health services. LGBTQ+ young people are more likely than their peers to experience a mental health difficulty and may be less likely to draw on specialist support due to fears of discrimination. However, little is known about LGBTQ+ young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-managing their mental health.

Goals and methods: Using a multimodal qualitative design, 20 LGBTQ+ young people in the United Kingdom (UK) participated in a telephone interview or an online focus group. A semi-structured schedule was employed to address the research questions, which focused on LGBTQ+ young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-managing their mental health, what they perceived to stop or help them to self-manage, and any perceived challenges to self-management specifically relating to being LGBTQ+.

Results: Reflexive thematic analysis yielded three key themes: 1) self-management strategies and process, 2) barriers to self-management, and 3) facilitators to self-management. Participants’ most frequently mentioned self-management strategy was ‘speaking to or meeting up with friends or a partner’. Both barriers and facilitators to self-management were identified which participants perceived to relate to LGBTQ+ identity.

Conclusions: Social support, LGBTQ+ youth groups, and community support were identified as key facilitators to participants’ self-management of their mental health, which merits further investigation in future research. These findings also have important implications for policy and intervention development concerning LGBTQ+ young people’s mental health.

ABSTRACT. Introduction In this paper, we present our personal experiences as a research team using art-based and intrinsic case study methodologies while learning what it was like for frontline providers caring for vulnerable residents with disabilities living in a residential community setting during a COVID-19 outbreak in Ontario, Canada. For those living and working in this home-like environment, the outbreak left an indelible mark, particularly as six deaths occurred. The study is currently unfolding, but we share our interim reflections about what it has been like as researchers involved in this essential undertaking; our experience has been humbling and transformative.

Goals Our goal in this paper is to relate how we have approached, experienced, and worked as a research team to understand the emotional experiences of frontline providers caring for residents with disabilities living in a community residential setting during a COVID-19 outbreak. As qualitative researchers, it has been essential for us to be aware of our own sensitivities.

Methods We have used a process of reflexivity to help us continually navigate the challenge of individuals re-sharing traumatic events while they remain living with the threat of another outbreak. Our methods in this regard, in part, have been straightforward, but purposeful—regular core team in-depth meeting discussions.

Results As researchers, navigating sensitive, deeply felt experiences can be difficult. To date, in our processes and experiences as researchers, we have found two essentials: active listening; and debriefing. Further, it has required that we be nimble and resourceful, but most critically to be present.

Conclusion Every study is a story. Often the reader wants the final chapter – the conclusion. We aim to illuminate the path we are travelling, as for us it has been and is equally compelling.

ABSTRACT. Introduction In Canada, diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs are offered to enable individuals with diabetes to successfully implement and sustain lifestyle changes, with the goal of reducing the risk of complications and morbidity. Researchers have demonstrated how older adults with diabetes often fail to achieve or maintain diabetes self-management competencies, increasing risk of complications. Further, little is known about the influence of the social determinants of health (SDH) on DSME, potentially producing additional inequalities for older adults with diabetes. Goal The study goal was to better understand how the SDH affect DSME for older adults living with diabetes. Methods Our qualitative study was a combination of participatory, art-based, and hermeneutic phenomenology research methodologies. Data collection included photovoice and semi-structured phone interviews. Fourteen older adults with diabetes consented to participate (11 men, 3 women; aged 65 years or older). A SDH framework (Loppie-Reading and Wien) guided the thematic analysis. Results The findings illuminate how participants live with the effects and pressures of the SDH. The proximal determinants of health revealed in participants’ stories included health behaviours (diabetes self-management practices), physical environments (rurality), socioeconomic status (income), and food insecurity (accessing healthy food). The intermediate determinants comprised healthcare systems (accessing DSME in their community) and community resources and capacities (limited infrastructure due to rurality). The distal determinants involved the pandemic (isolation due to mobilization restrictions). Conclusions Our study demonstrated how the SDH affect DSME and self-management for older adults with diabetes. Participants were continuously rearranging their diabetes needs to accommodate other life priorities. Additionally, rural living is described as a barrier to diabetes self-management, as accessing diabetes education, food, medications, and gas is at a distance - a particular inconvenience during wintertime. Our findings will guide future design, planning and implementation of DSME programs for older adults in this rural setting.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Evidence-based practice has benefits for improving healthcare and sustainability of health systems. Like other areas needs to be learned. The introduction of Evidence Based Practices (EBP) education in nursing curricula is strongly recommended. The improvement of the knowledge, attitudes, and competences of the students to the level of scientific evidence is greater when their learning process is integrated with the clinical internship. In spite of these recommendations, in the context of practice, nursing advisors highlight that there are barriers for the incorporation of EBP. Objective: To understand the perspective of undergraduate nursing students on their involvement in a knowledge transfer to clinical practice project. Methods: The nature of the object under investigation required this study to be qualitative, exploratory and descriptive. The choice for methodology was based on the dynamic essence of this paradigm, which makes it possible to generate explanations from the understanding of actions in a specific context. We conducted an Focus group with eight participants. The qualitative analysis of the findings was performed using the WebQDA® software and followed the steps of coding, storage/retrieval and interpretation. The ethical principles inherent to research were followed. Study approved by an Ethics Committee. Results: Four categories emerged: Belonging, Using evidence, Improving care and Developing skills and their subcategories. The students' perception is that participation in knowledge transfer projects to the clinic generates learning opportunities related to the use and communication of evidence, facilitates integration into the service, participation, collaborative work and development of skills. Conclusions: Evidence-based practice should be addressed in the health graduation courses. The methodology used is motivating for the student who is active in the search for evidence and transfer of knowledge. Our results highlight the need for the theoretical formation to be coupled with other strategies that enable future nurses to gain knowledge, abilities, and over attitudes to use EBP.

ABSTRACT. The concept of value-significance in landownership has been viewed from only one dimension – the economic dimension. This study focused on the intrinsic dimension, sometimes theoretically called “place attachment” to determine how this component could be infused in land reform support and maintenance programmes directed towards beneficiaries of the land redistribution programme in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The current state of post-land redistribution programme is characterized with a plethora of problems that lead to discouraged beneficiaries, unproductive land use and ultimate land degradation. This study sought to answer the question, “How to instill value-significance in land ownership to beneficiaries of the land redistribution programme in the Northern Cape Province”. An interpretivist phenomenological approach was selected as method of inquiry, purposively selecting ten study participants from different cohorts of the land redistribution programme between the period 1994 to 2018. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain in-depth insights, to describe the lived experiences of participants. Aligned with ethical standards, interviews were conducted and recorded on an audio recording device, with the permission of participants. Recorded data was transcribed and analyzed using both thematic analysis benchmarked to the COSTA QDA Technique and the webQDA software. Findings of the study culminated into thematic expressions, namely: land redistribution programme needs to be underpinned by a structured maintenance programme; lives of beneficiaries are transformed; beneficiaries aspire full ownership of the land for productive use. The study concluded in a rigorous synthesis of these thematic expressions and culminated in development of the INSTIL Framework for instilling value-significance in land ownership. It is recommended that the framework for instilling value-significance in land ownership be implemented to enhance the success of the land redistribution programme in the Northern Cape province.

ABSTRACT. The plethora of emergency numbers in South Africa impacts on the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery. These multiple existing emergency numbers have the potential to confuse the public as to what number to use when reporting emergencies. One of the challenges facing the South African emergency services, is not having one single national emergency number that can be used for all emergencies. The purpose of the study is to develop a bricoleuric strategy for a single national emergency number in South Africa. The effectiveness of the South African Police Service, 10111 emergency number, will be examined and the strategy will be investigated against the emergency numbers used for fire-brigade, traffic, disaster management, medical services and local authority law enforcement agencies. The philosophical orientation is Interpretivist by obtaining a Phenomenological perspective in qualitative research. The researcher will apply deductive reasoning. The data that will be collected from the emergency call centres, will be done to interpret the effectiveness of the multiple emergency numbers on service delivery. The researcher will conduct interviews with heads of departments and three (3) employees of all emergency numbers in the Gauteng Province, mobile network operators and government departments responsible for emergency service delivery. The significance of the study will culminate in the developing a strategy for one single national emergency number for South Africa and identifying the need for an integrated multi-disciplinary approach with other emergency numbers. This will result in the general public to know where to call and will improve service delivery, cooperation and coordination between the emergency services. The study will make comparative analysis with countries that are making use of one single national emergency number to evaluate impact. As the study is on-going, conclusions and recommendations cannot be arrived at, at this point.

ABSTRACT. HDI is a term that is used to define marginalised individuals before the dawn of democracy in South Africa. The problem under investigation is sluggish transformation within the petroleum industry, just as in other sectors of the economy, which is characterised by sporadic entry HDI population with low operational efficiency outcomes. The petroleum industry is made up of four distinct yet interrelated subsectors, commonly known as crude oil, natural gas, wholesale and retail. According to the South African Petroleum Industry Association, the fuel market contributes about six percent to the country’s GDP. Furthermore, this sector alone also provides for the requisite power for national energy estimated at 18% percent of South Africa’s primary energy. In terms of recent studies on the performance of the petroleum sector, 5% of national fuel requirements is provided through natural gas while 35% is extracted from coal and 50% from crude oil refineries. The significance of this study is inherent in its pursuit to enhance transformation and entry of HIDs in the petroleum industry. This study will focus on the downstream activities in South Africa, using mixed methods approach whereby the qualitative dimension will be core, applying a case study research strategy. The theoretical framework will be anchored on economic theory. Observing standard ethical principles, data will be collected using semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires. The analysis will employ the COSTA QDA using webQDA software and chi-square for quantitative data.

ABSTRACT. Higher education which continues to be a major role player in the socio-economic development of Lesotho, is mostly government funded. Lesotho has one public and two private universities; six public and five private tertiary colleges; and it does not have a medical school. The public and private institutions run parallel programmes. There is a limited budget allocation to higher education. There is no budget allocated towards building a medical school, however the government prioritises annual budget towards medical training in neighbouring countries as the field is considered one of the government's objectives of improving the health system. Recent developments have seen countries, both developed and developing, adopting public-private partnerships (PPPs) as an alternative funding model to overcome funding challenges in higher education. For Lesotho, the promotion and support for PPPs as a funding model to expand access and to meet the demands of higher medical sciences education should be explored. There is insufficient information on Lesotho’s capability to carry-out sustainable long-term PPPs in medical studies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of establishing a medical school for Lesotho through sustainable long-term PPPs. A systematic review of existing literature will be used for this study. Semi-structured questions will be used to conduct interviews with a sample population that includes policymakers, educators, scholars, investors, and funders. Thematic data analysis using the COSTA QDA technique and webQDA software will be applied. The outcome of the study will be a PPPs funding model that may be used by policymakers in Lesotho to establish the envisaged institution.

ABSTRACT. This study is premised on the way in which hospital employees in Gauteng work, in particular, the challenge in their environment. The two variables that impact their environment currently are, Covid-19 and the low morale which feeds into existing perceptions of poor service delivery. The purpose of the study is to explore possibilities in which positive psychology becomes the way of leadership development, such that employees become more resourceful and service delivery improves. The question that the study seeks to answer is, ‘How can positive psychology be used as a strategy for leadership development?’ The study leans wholly on the positive psychology theory which is premised on an assertion that, ‘a good life can be taught’: that positive emotions can help improve work performance. The study will employ the qualitative evidence synthesis design, (QES) whereby secondary data sourced through existing articles, will be interrogated and synthesised for use. The ontological paradigm of this research study is premised on the interpretivist epistemology, using inductive logic. QES by its nature uses purposive sampling whereby the researcher uses their discretion to decide on what to include and not include in the synthesis of data. The Prisma Data extraction tool will be employed as a data collection method, whereby a selection of relevant literature will be undertaken. It is a flexible method that allows for identifying of articles for eligibility, using key terms. The CASP tool (critical analysis skills program) will be used to further appraise the articles for inclusion. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse the data. The significance of the study is that it will contribute in providing an empowering perspective to leadership development, benefitting both employees and clients. Because the study is ongoing, conclusions and recommendations have not been arrived at yet.

ABSTRACT. The UK Companies Act 2006 is indeed a pioneering statutory instrument, hailed for its success in codification of Common law rules that found their way to the Act and simultaneously making reforms and harmonising the company rules. Further, the reforms also brought judicial clarity for courts to interpret and apply the law with relative ease and legal certainty. It is a generally accepted Company law principle that the twin sets of shareholder and director play a pivotal role in the running of the affairs of the company as enshrined in the doctrine of separation of ownership and control. The Act has been pivotal in setting the scene for South African application of common law director duties and shareholder remedies. The purpose of this study is to conduct a qualitative evidence synthesis on the codification of the director’s duties, using legal theory as a basis. It is anticipated that interventions from primary studies and case laws could bring legal certainty. This investigation will be linked to the UK Companies Act 2006 and South African’s Companies Act 2008 legislative pieces. Data will be collected through purposively selected articles using PRISMA and critically appraised through CASP. The study reporting will be aligned to ENTREQ reporting guidelines for qualitative synthesis studies. Thematic analysis using the COSTA QDA and webQDA will be applied to transform raw data. It is anticipated that the recommendations of this study will assist policy-makers, leaders and will also contribute to the body of legal knowledge.

ABSTRACT. Introduction Violence and sexual abuse against women and girls are recognized as major problems with profound impact on public health and social development. The problem has been studied extensively in South Africa and globally and is associated with constructs such as intimate partner violence/femicide, homicide and abuse of marginalized populations. Crimes against the defenseless increased in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak. The focus of this study is on gender-based violence in Gauteng South Africa. The ACAID (Attention, Consideration, Action, Internalization, Duplication) system is used to investigate the causes and sources, as well as the perpetrators' and victims' thoughts and ideas. Objectives The system's goal and objective is to improve the behaviour transformation process. The transformative theories used to explain intimate partner violence and gender systems include feminist theory, power theory, and sociocultural theory. Methods The method to be used in this work to produce assessment, diagnostic, prescriptive, and therapeutic tools is Conceptual, Contextual, and Logical Methodology for issue articulation and resolution (CCLM). The findings contain key concepts that are necessary for a thorough understanding of when they were labeled and how they relate to the investigation. Labels are a type of behavior descriptor. The evolution of a term or concept is known as etymology. Concepts do not remain static; they move, and with each movement, they modify their behavior. Results and conclusions The available literature will be examined, and 12 male volunteers from four Gauteng correctional facilities will be analyzed. The correctional center gave their ethical approval. The study's main authors are lexicographers such as Cambridge Dictionary and Merriam-Webster. The descriptors for the concepts discovered will help the researcher grasp what they imply and how they connect to the study. This research is still underway.

ABSTRACT. African women are becoming increasingly relevant in the continent's development and growth agenda. For decades, African women have been seen as a backbone and connective tissue for spiritual growth and sustainable societies, in fields such as religion, culture, economics, and politics, to name a few. This review is part of PhD studies on African women leadership development. The aim of this paper is to explore a functional connection between theoretical perspectives and practical application in real life regarding the agenda on developing leadership capabilities for women. A qualitative evidence synthesis was used as a method of inquiry and thematic expressions were developed using the COSTA QDA Technique. Results culminated in three thematic expressions that explicated a disconnect between popular theories on women development agenda and practical application in a collaborative approach. However, an emphasis was made on the requirement for women in influential leadership positions to coach and mentor others. Findings further indicated that women at grassroots level were enthusiastic and ready for programmes and environments that enable leadership capabilities, development and growth. The study concluded that formal and sustainable mentorship and coaching programmes that integrate all stakeholders (males and females) in a collaborative approach should be developed.

ABSTRACT. South Africa is facing a developmental problem related to the high failure rate of SMEs and the primary contribution to this failure is poor financial management. Research has shown that the lack of financial management skills and application of financial management practices are some of the biggest factors contributing to SME failure. Due to the volatile and high-risk environment of SMEs, financial practices are often underestimated and not always implemented. The purpose of this study is to explore the 6 financial management practices namely, financial planning, financial analysis, accounting information, management accounting, investment appraisal and working capital management in order to determine which are more important for SMEs. In Addition, the study analyzes the factors that lead to the failure of SMEs in relation to financial management practices. So, to answer the question, “How are financial management practices adopted and implemented by Struggling SMEs with potential growth in South Africa”. Qualitative evidence synthesis Method is used in order to integrate or compare the findings from qualitative studies related to the study and purposive sampling will be used. PRISMA framework is used to extract data whereby relevant electronic databases will be searched, and studies will be included based on predefined inclusion criteria. The study uses Thematic Analysis in order to combine SME owners’ views and identify key themes to explore in interventions. General assumptions in the agency theory will be presented, and the owners’ possibilities to monitor the financial Manager behavior will be described. This study enhances the awareness of stakeholders about the financial management practices and their role to improve performance and growth of the South African SMEs industry and help them realize the value added when adapting these financial management practices. Conclusions and recommendations not yet reached since study is ongoing.

ABSTRACT. This paper discusses the role of ICT in early childhood education in South Africa. It gives a reflection of the best practice alongside the current local status of ICT in Education. The study adopted a qualitative research method leaning more towards the interpretivist research paradigm. Desktop literature review was conducted in order to have a feel of the nature of ICT, looking at the Global, Continental (Africa) and local context. The research encompasses literature on both children and educator’s use of ICT in early childhood education and elaborates on the role of ICT with regards to teaching and learning and professional development. Key findings were that, through the adoption and proper usage of ICT, great value is added to the learning and teaching process. The study found that instead of being passive assimilators of information, learners become more engaged not only in recollection and understanding but also in application, evaluation and creation during the learning process.

In order to optimise the impact of ICT in early childhood education in South Africa, the research recommended: the deployment of more ICT infrastructural resources in public primary schools, the need to train all role players on the usage of ICT, prioritisation of ICT in strategy formulation and budget allocations, introduction of learners to basic ICT skills in the lower classes, comprehensive repair and maintenance of the ICT equipment for optimal functioning, shifting focus from learner performance to capacity development, a phased approach comprised of appropriate interim targets, needs analysis have to be conducted and the measurement of progress to assess if objectives are met and taking corrective measures where deviations are experienced.