TMREES26: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

This page contains an index consisting of author-provided keywords.

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(ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy	FTIR Spectroscopy for Evaluating Keratin Structural Alterations in Psoriatic Nails
(GBF) Method	Effect of Transition Levels on Quadrupole Deformation and B(E2) Values in Even-Even Tin Isotopes (A = 126–138)
(HF + BCS) method	Investigation of Nuclear Deformation and Shell Evolution near N=50 and N=34 Using HF+BCS Method
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400-meter running	The impact of competitive training on improving the performance level of advanced 400-meter sprinters in Iraq
A
Absorbance	Numerical Simulation of the Impact of Absorber Layer Thickness on the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Acacia Senegal	Modification the properties of PVA Composite Films for Eco-Friendly Packaging Application
accelerators of electrons	Numerical Simulation of Attosecond X-ray Pulse Generation via Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) in FELs Numerical Simulation of the Undulator Gap Effect on the Spectral Tuning Range of a Free Electron Laser
activation temperatures	Study the Effect of Activation Temperature and Grain Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Waste Concrete
Adaptive Firefly Algorithm	AML-FFA: Adaptive Multi-Operator Learning Firefly Algorithm for Single- Machine Scheduling
Administrative Work	The Role of Information Technology in Improving the Efficiency of Administrative Work in the Department of Sports and School Activities in the Dhi Qar Directorate of Education
Adrar	Renewable Energy–Based Modernization of Irrigation Systems in the Oases of Adrar, Southwest Algeria
Adropin	Evaluation of Adropin, Galectin-3, Endothelin-1, and Cardiac Enzyme Biomarkers in Men with Cardiorenal Syndrome in Kirkuk City
Adults	Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Some Solid Supplements Samples Consumed by Adults
Advanced athletes	The impact of competitive training on improving the performance level of advanced 400-meter sprinters in Iraq
advanced badminton players	The Effect of the Specialized (F.S.T-7) Method on Certain Physical Variables and the Smash Skill in Advanced Badminton Players
aerodynamic instability	Experimental Modeling of Wind Impacts on Long-Span Bridges: Aerodynamic Instability and Shape Optimization
AFM	The synergistic effect of green-processed, cold-plasma-Activated Moringa nanoparticles with Laser-Prepared Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial
AFM analysis	Influence of annealing temperature on CuSbS2 thin films for photovoltaic application
AHP	A Remote Sensing and MCDM- AHP Based Spatial Decision Support Model for Wind Farm Projects in Southern Iraq
Air Nozzle Jet	Experimental Investigation of Air Nozzle Jet Impingement on Thermoelectric Generator Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery
Air pollution	Air Pollution and Renewable Energy Transition: Environmental, Health and Sustainability Challenges
Al and Ga doping	Improved optoelectronic characteristics of ZnO-based thin film coatings for optoelectronic applications
Al-Musahhab	Water Quality Assessment and Mapping using IDW: A Case of Basrah Marshes
Al-Salal	Water Quality Assessment and Mapping using IDW: A Case of Basrah Marshes
Al-Shafi	Water Quality Assessment and Mapping using IDW: A Case of Basrah Marshes
Al2O3 Nanoparticles	Preparation of Nanoparticles via PLAL Environmentally Benign for Antibacterial Activity in Liquid
Algorithm	Use of the Fuzzy Logic Algorithm Combined with the PSO Method for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Energy
alkali metals	Towards understanding the optoelectronic characteristics of XHfH3 (X=Li, Na, K and Rb) hydride perovskites: DFT analysis
Aluminum silicon alloy	Microstructural, mechanical and tribological performance of Al–Si casting alloys via Aerosil 200 reinforcement
Aluminum substitution	Application Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, Size-Strain Plot, and Halder-Wagner to Calculation Crystal Size and Micro strain of 〖Hg〗_(1-x ) 〖Al〗_x 〖Ba〗_2 〖Ca〗_2 〖Cu〗_3 O_(8+δ)Compound
amide bands	FTIR Spectroscopy for Evaluating Keratin Structural Alterations in Psoriatic Nails
aminopyridine	The Effect of Schiff Bases on the Hydrogen Peroxide Yield in the γ-radiolysis of water
Anemia	Biochemical and Hematological Disturbances in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Anemia: A Case-Control Study
Annealing	Enhancing Optical and Structural Properties of CuSbSe2 via annealing Influence of annealing temperature on CuSbS2 thin films for photovoltaic application
Annealing temperature	Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Characteristics of Cu2SnS3 Thin Films Influence of Processing Parameters on Bi₂Sr₂Ca2Cu3O10₊δ Morphological and Superconducting
annealing time	Thin-Film Tin Oxide Production and Development for Gas Sensors
antibacterial	Phyto - Synthesis of Metal Oxide in DBD Plasma for Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas Antimicrobial Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Nonthermal Plasma The effect of different preparation methods of nano-iron oxide on gram-negative bacteria and fungi
antibacterial activity	Development of PVA/FRANKINCENSE Electro Spun Nano Fibrous with Potent Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus for Skin Substitution Preparation of Nanoparticles via PLAL Environmentally Benign for Antibacterial Activity in Liquid
antibiotic resistance	Detection of the recA gene and its association with biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Burkholderia cepacia isolated from urinary tract infection patients
antifungal	The effect of different preparation methods of nano-iron oxide on gram-negative bacteria and fungi
Antimicrobial Activity	Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Mushroom) Extract- Derived Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Activity Against Isolates from Immunocompromised Patients
antimicrobial resistance	Impact of Sub-MIC Ceftazidime on Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Gene Expression in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Antioxidant activity	Study of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Compounds, Selected Vitamins, and Sugar Content in Commercial Sports Drinks under Storage Conditions
Applied Technology	Regeneration of Type C Social Housing in Santiago de Chile: Architecture and Applied Technology
ArcGIS 10.8	Using static and interactive maps to represent certain demographic indicators for Iraq for 2024–2025 Comparative evaluation of ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 and ArcGIS Online dashboard
ArcGIS Online	Using static and interactive maps to represent certain demographic indicators for Iraq for 2024–2025 Comparative evaluation of ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 and ArcGIS Online dashboard
Argon	Computational Study of Argon to Sulfur Hexafluoride Fraction Mole in (〖 SF〗_6 )⁄(Ar ) Plasma Using Global Model
Assignment Problem	Gravitational search algorithm for Solving the Multi-Objective Assignment Problem
athletic	Estimation of Leptin Levels and some Chemical Parameters in Smoking Athletes and comparison with Non- Smoking Athletes
Athletic achievement	The impact of competitive training on improving the performance level of advanced 400-meter sprinters in Iraq
atomic absorption spectroscopy	Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Some Solid Supplements Samples Consumed by Adults
atomic force microscopy	Enhancing Optical and Structural Properties of CuSbSe2 via annealing
attosecond pulses	Numerical Simulation of the Undulator Gap Effect on the Spectral Tuning Range of a Free Electron Laser
Augmented Reality	Effects of an Augmented Motor Reality–Based Training Program on Spatial Awareness and Skill-Based Decision Making in Youth Basketball Players
Auxin-inspired control	A Mechanism-Based Biomimetic Dual-Axis Solar Tracker: Functional Transposition of Plant Heliotropism for Adaptive Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting
availability	Optimizing Machine Efficiency in Metalworking: A Lean Management and Industry 4.0-Based Approach to Business Process Re-Engineering
B
bacteria	The synergistic effect of green-processed, cold-plasma-Activated Moringa nanoparticles with Laser-Prepared Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial Surface Modification of Ti6Al4V alloy using laser nitridefor biomedical applications
Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO)	Computational Intelligence Meets Nanophotonics: BFO-Driven Design of Next-Generation Plasmonic Photovoltaics
Baghdad	Monitoring Surface Water Dynamics of the Tigris River in Baghdad Using Multi-Spectral Indices and Remote Sensing (2015–2025) Changes in The Urban Area of Baghdad Province for The Period 2005-2025 Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Growth and Land Use/Land Cover Change in Baghdad Using GIS and Remote for two Decades
Banach Spaces	Fixed Point Results for Contractive Operators in Fuzzy Banach Spaces
Baryonic Mass	A Comparative Investigation of Baryonic and Gas Masses in the Early and Late Type Markarian Galaxies Sample
basketball	Effects of an Augmented Motor Reality–Based Training Program on Spatial Awareness and Skill-Based Decision Making in Youth Basketball Players The Effect of Situational Learning Strategy on DevelopingReflective Thinking and Improving Learning Outcomes of Some Complex OffensiveBasketball Skills among Second-Stage Students at the College of PhysicalEducation and Sports Sciences
Bergman Space	Geometric Characteristics of Harmonic Multivalent Functions via a Novel Operator in Bergman Space
Bethe-Bloch formula	Modeling and Comparative Analysis of Linear Energy Transfer and Range of Proton in Tissue-Equivalent Components for Radiation Therapy Applications
Bi (Pb)-2223	Enhancement of Superconductor Structure and Electrical Properties via Pb Substitution in Bi2-xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ System
bioceramic	Biophysics and Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic - PMMA Nanocomposites for Medical Applications
Biodiversity Indices	Hospital Wastewater Discharge Alters Rotifer Biodiversity and Community Structure along the Tigris River
biofilm	Detection of the recA gene and its association with biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Burkholderia cepacia isolated from urinary tract infection patients
Biofilm formation	Flavonoid Extracts from Ziziphus spina-christi Leaves as an Antibiofilm Agent of Bacterial Isolates from Burns and Wounds
Biofouling	Enhancing Reliability in Marine Energy Systems: Integrated Mitigation Strategies for Biofouling-Induced Overheating
Biogenic CuO NPs	Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Nonthermal Plasma
Biolubricants	Box–Behnken Optimization and ISO VG 68 Blending of Palm Biodiesel-Derived TMP and Di-TMP Polyol Ester Biolubricants
Biomarkers	Evaluation of Adropin, Galectin-3, Endothelin-1, and Cardiac Enzyme Biomarkers in Men with Cardiorenal Syndrome in Kirkuk City
Biomass	Thermodynamic Evaluation and Economic Assessment of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cogeneration for Hydrogen Production
biomechanical variables	A study of the Explosive Power of the Upper and Lower Limbs And Some Biomechanical Variables and Their Relationship To The Performance Of the Shot Put In Short Stature, Category F40
Biomimetic solar tracking	A Mechanism-Based Biomimetic Dual-Axis Solar Tracker: Functional Transposition of Plant Heliotropism for Adaptive Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting
Bipolar soft semi-open set	On Weak Bipolar soft open Set
Bipolar soft set	On Weak Bipolar soft open Set
Bipolar soft topology	On Weak Bipolar soft open Set
birefringence	Optical Dispersion and Velocity Characteristics of Lithium Triborat (LBO)
Body Mass Index	Measuring the Levels of IL-1, IL-17, and IL-37 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Relationship to Body Mass Index and Disease Duration
Boltzmann transport	Physical Modeling of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials for Waste Heat Recovery in Sustainable Industrial Systems
bounded functions	Approximation of function via a complex operator in linear normed space
Box–Behnken Optimization	Box–Behnken Optimization and ISO VG 68 Blending of Palm Biodiesel-Derived TMP and Di-TMP Polyol Ester Biolubricants
Brain Natriuretic Peptide	Significance of Brain Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure Stages Relevant with Kidney Disease
bridge	Experimental Modeling of Wind Impacts on Long-Span Bridges: Aerodynamic Instability and Shape Optimization
Building Energy Efficiency	Thermal and Energy Performance of Double-Layer BioPCM Walls in Mediterranean Climate
building sustainability	Study the Effect of Activation Temperature and Grain Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Waste Concrete
Burns and wounds	Flavonoid Extracts from Ziziphus spina-christi Leaves as an Antibiofilm Agent of Bacterial Isolates from Burns and Wounds
C
C-reactive protein	Estimation of Leptin Levels and some Chemical Parameters in Smoking Athletes and comparison with Non- Smoking Athletes
Calcium	Estimation of Leptin Levels and some Chemical Parameters in Smoking Athletes and comparison with Non- Smoking Athletes
carbapenems	Impact of Sub-MIC Ceftazidime on Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Gene Expression in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Cardiac	Evaluation of Adropin, Galectin-3, Endothelin-1, and Cardiac Enzyme Biomarkers in Men with Cardiorenal Syndrome in Kirkuk City
Cardiorenal Syndrome	Evaluation of Adropin, Galectin-3, Endothelin-1, and Cardiac Enzyme Biomarkers in Men with Cardiorenal Syndrome in Kirkuk City
Cardiovascular disease	Clinical Disease Severity Outperforms Glycemic Biomarkers in Predicting Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
casting method	Effect of ZnO Nanoparticle Reinforcement on the Structural, Optical and Mechanical Properties of PCL/PEO Composite Films
Cathodic Protection	Enhancing Reliability in Marine Energy Systems: Integrated Mitigation Strategies for Biofouling-Induced Overheating
CCHP	CCHP Capacity Selection via Multi Objective Optimization and Regression Decision Making Strategy
CDD	A DFT Study of Sensing: Tuneable Gas Adsorption and Optical Properties in Selenium-Doped BeS Monolayer
CdSe	Study and calculation of the electron transport current rate for the interactions of N3 molecule dye with CdSe semiconductor in solar cell Study The Effect of Acceptor State on The Charge Transport Process At Solar Cell
ceftazidime	Impact of Sub-MIC Ceftazidime on Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Gene Expression in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
cell viability	Investigation of the Biocompatibility and Physicochemical Properties of Sodium Alginate- Based Nanocomposite for Tissue Engineering
cement	Investigation of Pozzolanic Reactivity of Algerian Feldspar for Sustainable Clinker Substitution in Cement Sustainability of Manufacturing Bricks by Using Waste Polystyrene with Cement Matrix Composite Materials
central	Influence Of Eccentric Of Shell And Finned Tube On The Melting Of Phase Change Material
Ceramic particles	Microstructural, mechanical and tribological performance of Al–Si casting alloys via Aerosil 200 reinforcement
chalcogenide alloys	Manufacturing and studying the structural properties and energy levels of Te₆₀₋ₓSe₄₀₊ₓ alloys
chalcogenide glass	Preparation and study of the structural and electrical properties of the Se90-xSn10+x alloy
Change Detection	Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Growth and Land Use/Land Cover Change in Baghdad Using GIS and Remote for two Decades
Characteristics of electronic	A DFT Study of Sensing: Tuneable Gas Adsorption and Optical Properties in Selenium-Doped BeS Monolayer
Charge Transfer	Study The Effect of Acceptor State on The Charge Transport Process At Solar Cell
Chemerin	Platelet growth factor, Chemerin , interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6 and insulin in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus Investigating Chemerin, Kisspeptin, and Neurokinin B as Predictive Biomarkers in Obese Women with Infertility
chickenpox	Modeling Chickenpox Transmission Using Environmental Data and Machine Learning Techniques
chopped carbon	Effect of silicon carbide Nano powder on the mechanical and thermal properties of unsaturated polyester composites used in marine applications
CHP	CCHP Capacity Selection via Multi Objective Optimization and Regression Decision Making Strategy
Chronic kidney disease	Biochemical and Hematological Disturbances in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Anemia: A Case-Control Study
Circular Economy	Sustainable Epoxy Composite Coatings from Recycled PET and Waste Glass for Enhanced Interfacial Performance
Classical Methods	A Comparison Statistical Technique Study Using Some Classical Methods Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set For Exponentiated Exponential Rayleigh Distribution
Clinical disease progression	Clinical Disease Severity Outperforms Glycemic Biomarkers in Predicting Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Clinical predictors	Clinical Disease Severity Outperforms Glycemic Biomarkers in Predicting Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Clinker	Investigation of Pozzolanic Reactivity of Algerian Feldspar for Sustainable Clinker Substitution in Cement
Coefficient Inequality	Geometric Characteristics of Harmonic Multivalent Functions via a Novel Operator in Bergman Space
Cogeneration	Thermodynamic Evaluation and Economic Assessment of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cogeneration for Hydrogen Production
coherent photons	Numerical Simulation of Attosecond X-ray Pulse Generation via Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) in FELs Numerical Simulation of the Undulator Gap Effect on the Spectral Tuning Range of a Free Electron Laser
colloidal nanoparticles	Improved The Anti-Bacterial Activities of Metallic Nanoparticles by Tarragon Oil
Combinatorial Optimization	AML-FFA: Adaptive Multi-Operator Learning Firefly Algorithm for Single- Machine Scheduling
compatible maps	New Modification Categories of Coupled Coincidence Fixed Point Theorems Involving the Concept of Compatibility
Competition training	The impact of competitive training on improving the performance level of advanced 400-meter sprinters in Iraq
complex approximation	Approximation of function via a complex operator in linear normed space
Complex Q-fuzzy soft group	Some properties and operations of complex Q-fuzzy soft groups
Complex Q-fuzzy soft set	Some properties and operations of complex Q-fuzzy soft groups
complexoffensive skills	The Effect of Situational Learning Strategy on DevelopingReflective Thinking and Improving Learning Outcomes of Some Complex OffensiveBasketball Skills among Second-Stage Students at the College of PhysicalEducation and Sports Sciences
composite films	Effect of ZnO Nanoparticle Reinforcement on the Structural, Optical and Mechanical Properties of PCL/PEO Composite Films
Composite Materials	Sustainability of Manufacturing Bricks by Using Waste Polystyrene with Cement Matrix Composite Materials
Compounds	Multi-Method Investigation of LET and Range of Alpha Particles in Radiotherapy of Tissue Equivalent Materials
COMSOL Software	Computational Study of Argon to Sulfur Hexafluoride Fraction Mole in (〖 SF〗_6 )⁄(Ar ) Plasma Using Global Model
concrete	Developing Cementitious Concrete with Mixing Upcycling Face Mask Waste Result from the COVID-19 Pandemic
contact angle	Surface Modification of Ti6Al4V alloy using laser nitridefor biomedical applications
contamination	Measuring the Radiation and Environmental Hazard Factors of Some Nutrition Supplements Taken by Children
contemporary technical projects	Application Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, Size-Strain Plot, and Halder-Wagner to Calculation Crystal Size and Micro strain of 〖Hg〗_(1-x ) 〖Al〗_x 〖Ba〗_2 〖Ca〗_2 〖Cu〗_3 O_(8+δ)Compound
Contractive Operators	Fixed Point Results for Contractive Operators in Fuzzy Banach Spaces
Convex Estimator	An Unbiased Difference-Based Convex Estimator Depending on Prior Information for Addressing Multicollinearity in Partially Linear Models.
Copper oxide (	Influence of Spray Cycles on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO-CuO Nanocomposite Thin Films Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis
Copper-Antimony	Enhancing Optical and Structural Properties of CuSbSe2 via annealing Influence of annealing temperature on CuSbS2 thin films for photovoltaic application
cordierite	Biophysics and Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic - PMMA Nanocomposites for Medical Applications
core-shell nanoparticles	Composite Thin Films by Casting Technique for Laser Active Medium Applications
coupled coincidence fixed point	New Modification Categories of Coupled Coincidence Fixed Point Theorems Involving the Concept of Compatibility
critical temperature	Enhancement of Superconductor Structure and Electrical Properties via Pb Substitution in Bi2-xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ System
CRP	Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii and its association with recurrent miscarriage and immunological cytokine profile in women
crystal structure	Application Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, Size-Strain Plot, and Halder-Wagner to Calculation Crystal Size and Micro strain of 〖Hg〗_(1-x ) 〖Al〗_x 〖Ba〗_2 〖Ca〗_2 〖Cu〗_3 O_(8+δ)Compound
crystallite size	Application Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, Size-Strain Plot, and Halder-Wagner to Calculation Crystal Size and Micro strain of 〖Hg〗_(1-x ) 〖Al〗_x 〖Ba〗_2 〖Ca〗_2 〖Cu〗_3 O_(8+δ)Compound
Cu2SnS3 (CTS) thin films	Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Characteristics of Cu2SnS3 Thin Films
CuO	The synergistic effect of green-processed, cold-plasma-Activated Moringa nanoparticles with Laser-Prepared Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial
CWQI	Water Quality Assessment and Mapping using IDW: A Case of Basrah Marshes
Cybersecurity	A Proposed Vision for Leveraging Cybersecurity Technologies in Developing the Sports Management System
Cyclic indeterminacy Group	Generalized Indeterminacy Group Rings
cytokines	Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii and its association with recurrent miscarriage and immunological cytokine profile in women
D
D-Metric spaces	New Modification Categories of Coupled Coincidence Fixed Point Theorems Involving the Concept of Compatibility
D102	Study and Efficiency Calculation of Dye-Sensitive Solar Cells Based on Indoline-Sensitive D102 Contact with TiO2 Interface
Dashboard	Using static and interactive maps to represent certain demographic indicators for Iraq for 2024–2025 Comparative evaluation of ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 and ArcGIS Online dashboard
DBD plasma	Phyto - Synthesis of Metal Oxide in DBD Plasma for Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas Antimicrobial
De polymerized	Depolymerized polyethylene terephthalates and Waste Glass – epoxy composite for Sustainable Coatings to Enhanced Mechanical properties of Coatings
Decision Making	Effects of an Augmented Motor Reality–Based Training Program on Spatial Awareness and Skill-Based Decision Making in Youth Basketball Players
deficiency	Association between Vitamin D3 Deficiency and Depressive Symptoms Among Male and Female Students
Deformation Parameters (β2)	Effect of Transition Levels on Quadrupole Deformation and B(E2) Values in Even-Even Tin Isotopes (A = 126–138)
degree of disorder	Manufacturing and studying the structural properties and energy levels of Te₆₀₋ₓSe₄₀₊ₓ alloys
demographic data	Using static and interactive maps to represent certain demographic indicators for Iraq for 2024–2025 Comparative evaluation of ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 and ArcGIS Online dashboard
density functional theory	Towards understanding the optoelectronic characteristics of XHfH3 (X=Li, Na, K and Rb) hydride perovskites: DFT analysis
density of states	Preparation and study of the structural and electrical properties of the Se90-xSn10+x alloy
depression students	Association between Vitamin D3 Deficiency and Depressive Symptoms Among Male and Female Students
derivatives operators	Approximation of function via a complex operator in linear normed space
Desalination	Optimal Region for Solar-based Desalination Plants Delineation in Iraq Utilizing Spatial Analysis Techniques
Desertification	Land Use Dynamics, Agricultural Expansion, and Land Surface Temperature Variability in Karbala Governorate, Iraq
Determination Problems	Gravitational search algorithm for Solving the Multi-Objective Assignment Problem
Diabetes mellitus	Clinical Disease Severity Outperforms Glycemic Biomarkers in Predicting Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Diesel generators	Air Pollution and Renewable Energy Transition: Environmental, Health and Sustainability Challenges Microgrid-Based Optimization Model for Cost Reduction and Sustainable Electricity Production in Lebanon
Difference-Based	An Unbiased Difference-Based Convex Estimator Depending on Prior Information for Addressing Multicollinearity in Partially Linear Models.
diffraction ring pattern	Preparation and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Plants Under CW Laser Illumination
Diophantine Fuzzy Sets	Diophantine Neuromorphic Fuzzy Rough Sets for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADA)
Dirac equation	Elastic Scattering of Electrons from Argon Atom within a Relativistic Optical Potential Framework
Disease Duration	Measuring the Levels of IL-1, IL-17, and IL-37 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Relationship to Body Mass Index and Disease Duration
Disease forecasting	Modeling Chickenpox Transmission Using Environmental Data and Machine Learning Techniques
dispersion	Optical Dispersion and Velocity Characteristics of Lithium Triborat (LBO)
Distributed heating	Economic Assessment of Mobile Thermal Energy Storage for Large Commercial Buildings: A Case Study in Lebanon
DNA	Impact of Gamma Radiation on DNA of Fibroblast Cells Using Geant4-DNA
Docking process	Novel Oxazepine Derivative AMIO: Enhanced Antibacterial/Anti-Biofilm Properties and Mechanistic Insights
Doping	Comparative Effects of Indium Doping on Hg- and Bi-Based High-Tc Cuprates structural and optical characteristics of undoped and Ni-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles by Chemical Bath Deposition method
Drip Irrigation	Renewable Energy–Based Modernization of Irrigation Systems in the Oases of Adrar, Southwest Algeria
Dual-axis tracker	A Mechanism-Based Biomimetic Dual-Axis Solar Tracker: Functional Transposition of Plant Heliotropism for Adaptive Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting
DXN	Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Mushroom) Extract- Derived Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Activity Against Isolates from Immunocompromised Patients
Dye Solar Cells	Effect of Eosin Y Dye on the Properties of ITO/Eosin Y/ZnO/ITO Dye Solar Cells
E
E. coli bacteria	Improved The Anti-Bacterial Activities of Metallic Nanoparticles by Tarragon Oil
e^*-essential	On G*-Small Submodules and G*-Hollow Modules
e^*-singular	On G*-Small Submodules and G*-Hollow Modules
e^*SS-hollow modules	On e*SS-Lifting Modules and Cofinitely e*SS- Lifting Modules: Definitions, Properties and Characterizations
e^*SS-lifting modules	On e*SS-Lifting Modules and Cofinitely e*SS- Lifting Modules: Definitions, Properties and Characterizations
e^*SS-small submodule	On e*SS-Lifting Modules and Cofinitely e*SS- Lifting Modules: Definitions, Properties and Characterizations
Earliness–Tardiness	AML-FFA: Adaptive Multi-Operator Learning Firefly Algorithm for Single- Machine Scheduling
eccentric	Influence Of Eccentric Of Shell And Finned Tube On The Melting Of Phase Change Material
Echo Enable Harmonic Generation	Numerical Simulation of Attosecond X-ray Pulse Generation via Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) in FELs
Economic assessment	Economic Assessment of Mobile Thermal Energy Storage for Large Commercial Buildings: A Case Study in Lebanon
EE	Systematic Comparative Analysis of Newtonian Telescope Performance at Different Focal Ratios.
EEDF	Computational Study of Argon to Sulfur Hexafluoride Fraction Mole in (〖 SF〗_6 )⁄(Ar ) Plasma Using Global Model
effective atomic number	Study of gamma ray interaction parameters with tissue-equivalent materials at different energies
Efficiency	Study and Efficiency Calculation of Dye-Sensitive Solar Cells Based on Indoline-Sensitive D102 Contact with TiO2 Interface Study of The Photovoltaic Properties and Efficiency of Ruthenium Black Dye-Sensitive Solar Cells Based on Titanium Dioxide Electrode
Elastic cross sections	Elastic Scattering of Electrons from Argon Atom within a Relativistic Optical Potential Framework
Electric heater	Thermal–Electrical Reliability Analysis of Piezoresistive Sensors Using Mobility Modeling and Finite Difference Simulation
electric properties	Enhancement of Superconductor Structure and Electrical Properties via Pb Substitution in Bi2-xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ System
Electrical features	Electrical Features and Microstructure of Irradiated Zinc Oxide Ceramic Varistor
electrical properties	Preparation and study of the structural and electrical properties of the Se90-xSn10+x alloy
Electrolysis	Optimal Production and Allocation of Green Hydrogen: A Techno-Economic Optimization Framework
Electrolyzer	Performance Evaluation of PV-Solar Distiller Standalone System for Green Hydrogen Production
Electromagnetic interference shielding	Effect of coating nano silver by Pulsed Laser Deposition of Polypyrrole/Carbon Black in c- band and x-band
Electron argon scattering	Elastic Scattering of Electrons from Argon Atom within a Relativistic Optical Potential Framework
electron Transfer	Study and calculation of the electron transport current rate for the interactions of N3 molecule dye with CdSe semiconductor in solar cell
Electrospinning	Electrospun PMMA/ZnO Nanocomposite Fibers for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
electrospinning scaffold	Development of PVA/FRANKINCENSE Electro Spun Nano Fibrous with Potent Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus for Skin Substitution
ELF	A DFT Study of Sensing: Tuneable Gas Adsorption and Optical Properties in Selenium-Doped BeS Monolayer
ELISA	Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii and its association with recurrent miscarriage and immunological cytokine profile in women
elliptical orbit	Verification of state vectors and orbital elements in the presence of perturbations for satellites
emissions	CCHP Capacity Selection via Multi Objective Optimization and Regression Decision Making Strategy
Endothelin-1	Evaluation of Adropin, Galectin-3, Endothelin-1, and Cardiac Enzyme Biomarkers in Men with Cardiorenal Syndrome in Kirkuk City
Energy efficiency	Energy Efficiency and Electricity Consumption Analysis for Sustainable Development in Lebanon
Energy policy	Energy Efficiency and Electricity Consumption Analysis for Sustainable Development in Lebanon
Energy systems	Optimal Production and Allocation of Green Hydrogen: A Techno-Economic Optimization Framework
Engine Cooling	Enhancing Reliability in Marine Energy Systems: Integrated Mitigation Strategies for Biofouling-Induced Overheating
Enhanced oil recovery	Green Wettability Alteration Via Tea Leaf Extract for Sustainable Enhanced Oil Recovery
Environmental benefits	High-Performance Microwaves Absorbing and Thermal conductivity Epoxy Matrix Composite Reinforced with industrial Mill Scale Waste
Environmental Data	Modeling Chickenpox Transmission Using Environmental Data and Machine Learning Techniques
Environmental protection and resource efficiency	Performance-Based Evaluation of Sustainable Concrete Incorporating Quarry Dust for Environmental and Thermal Benefits
Eosin Y Dye	Effect of Eosin Y Dye on the Properties of ITO/Eosin Y/ZnO/ITO Dye Solar Cells
Epoxy composites	Depolymerized polyethylene terephthalates and Waste Glass – epoxy composite for Sustainable Coatings to Enhanced Mechanical properties of Coatings
Etching Time	Calculating both the diameter and Density of the Track on the Surface of the track detector CR-39 using a Computational Program for a Range of Alpha Energies
evaporation	Optimal Region for Solar-based Desalination Plants Delineation in Iraq Utilizing Spatial Analysis Techniques
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency	Assessment of Serum Hormones, Binding Proteins, and Pancreatic Elastase-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Complicated with Pancreatitis
Exponentiated Exponential Rayleigh	A Comparison Statistical Technique Study Using Some Classical Methods
F
F.S.T-7 method	The Effect of the Specialized (F.S.T-7) Method on Certain Physical Variables and the Smash Skill in Advanced Badminton Players
face masks	Developing Cementitious Concrete with Mixing Upcycling Face Mask Waste Result from the COVID-19 Pandemic
fairings	Experimental Modeling of Wind Impacts on Long-Span Bridges: Aerodynamic Instability and Shape Optimization
Feldspar	Investigation of Pozzolanic Reactivity of Algerian Feldspar for Sustainable Clinker Substitution in Cement
Fibroblast Cell	Impact of Gamma Radiation on DNA of Fibroblast Cells Using Geant4-DNA
Figure of merit	Physical Modeling of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials for Waste Heat Recovery in Sustainable Industrial Systems
Finite difference method	Thermal–Electrical Reliability Analysis of Piezoresistive Sensors Using Mobility Modeling and Finite Difference Simulation
Fixed Point	Fixed Point Results for Contractive Operators in Fuzzy Banach Spaces
Flame stability	Hydrogen Flames: New Solutions and Stability with Adiabatic Versus Isothermal Walls
Flavonoids	Flavonoid Extracts from Ziziphus spina-christi Leaves as an Antibiofilm Agent of Bacterial Isolates from Burns and Wounds
flexible polyethylene	A Comparison of the Influences of Polymeric Stabilizers on the Structural Integrity, Morphological, and Optoelectronic Behavior of ZnO-Ag₂O Nanocomposites on Flexible PET Substrates
Focal Ratio	Systematic Comparative Analysis of Newtonian Telescope Performance at Different Focal Ratios.
Fogaras	Renewable Energy–Based Modernization of Irrigation Systems in the Oases of Adrar, Southwest Algeria
Folic acid	Investigation of the Optical Properties of new Folic Acid Polymers Derived from Schiff base and studying their Crystalline Behaviour
Frankincense	Development of PVA/FRANKINCENSE Electro Spun Nano Fibrous with Potent Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus for Skin Substitution
Free Electron Laser	Numerical Simulation of Attosecond X-ray Pulse Generation via Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) in FELs Numerical Simulation of the Undulator Gap Effect on the Spectral Tuning Range of a Free Electron Laser
Freshwater production	Waste Heat Driven Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination System: Performance Enhancement via Air-to-Air Regeneration and Nanofluids
FTIR analysis	Phyto - Synthesis of Metal Oxide in DBD Plasma for Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas Antimicrobial
Fuch-Sondheimer	Effect of Phonon, Surface and Grain Boundary Scattering on Electric Resistivity for Molybdenum and Iridium
Fundamental Skills	The Effect of Reactive Motor Training on the Accuracy of Selected Fundamental Skills in Volleyball Players
fungal cultures	Assessment of Biodegradable Polymer Exposed to Fungi Using Spectroscopy FTIR
fuzzy Banach space	Fixed Point Results for Contractive Operators in Fuzzy Banach Spaces
fuzzy logic	Some properties and operations of complex Q-fuzzy soft groups Use of the Fuzzy Logic Algorithm Combined with the PSO Method for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Energy
Fuzzy Neutro-sophic - Q*-closed sets F	Theoretical Framework for Weakly Generalized Q*-closed set via Fuzzy Neutro-sophic Topology
Fuzzy Neutro-sophic -Weakly Q*-closed sets	Theoretical Framework for Weakly Generalized Q*-closed set via Fuzzy Neutro-sophic Topology
Fuzzy Neutro-sophic Topology	Theoretical Framework for Weakly Generalized Q*-closed set via Fuzzy Neutro-sophic Topology
Fuzzy Neutro-sophic-Weakly Generalized Q*-closed set	Theoretical Framework for Weakly Generalized Q*-closed set via Fuzzy Neutro-sophic Topology
fuzzy neutrosophic h – closure	Fuzzy Neutrosophic h -open sets on Fuzzy Neutrosophic h - Continuous Functions
fuzzy neutrosophic h – interior	Fuzzy Neutrosophic h -open sets on Fuzzy Neutrosophic h - Continuous Functions
Fuzzy neutrosophic h- continuous function	Fuzzy Neutrosophic h -open sets on Fuzzy Neutrosophic h - Continuous Functions
fuzzy neutrosophic h-continuous function	Fuzzy Neutrosophic h -open sets on Fuzzy Neutrosophic h - Continuous Functions
Fuzzy neutrosophic h-open set	Fuzzy Neutrosophic h -open sets on Fuzzy Neutrosophic h - Continuous Functions
Fuzzy numbers	Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set For Exponentiated Exponential Rayleigh Distribution Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set for Shanker-Rayleigh Distribution
Fuzzy Rough Sets	Diophantine Neuromorphic Fuzzy Rough Sets for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADA)
fuzzy set	Fixed Point Results for Contractive Operators in Fuzzy Banach Spaces
G
G^*-hollow	On G*-Small Submodules and G*-Hollow Modules
G^*-small	On G*-Small Submodules and G*-Hollow Modules
Galectin-3	Evaluation of Adropin, Galectin-3, Endothelin-1, and Cardiac Enzyme Biomarkers in Men with Cardiorenal Syndrome in Kirkuk City
gamma -ray interaction	Study of gamma ray interaction parameters with tissue-equivalent materials at different energies
Gamma Radiation	Impact of Gamma Radiation on DNA of Fibroblast Cells Using Geant4-DNA
Ganoderma lucidum	Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Mushroom) Extract- Derived Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Activity Against Isolates from Immunocompromised Patients
Gas adsorption	A DFT Study of Sensing: Tuneable Gas Adsorption and Optical Properties in Selenium-Doped BeS Monolayer
Gas Mass	A Comparative Investigation of Baryonic and Gas Masses in the Early and Late Type Markarian Galaxies Sample
gas sensor	Thin-Film Tin Oxide Production and Development for Gas Sensors
Gasification	Thermodynamic Evaluation and Economic Assessment of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cogeneration for Hydrogen Production
Gastric Ulcer Disease (GUD)	Molecular Insights into Peptic Ulcer Disease: Integrated Analysis of Dysregulated mRNA and miRNA Networks in Gastric Tissue
Gazelle Optimization Algorithm	Estimating Some Stress-Strength Reliability of Modified Emrem Distribution A New Hybrid Metaheuristic to Estimate the Stress-Strength Model of the Modified Emrem Distribution
GDM	Platelet growth factor, Chemerin , interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6 and insulin in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus
Geant4	Impact of Gamma Radiation on DNA of Fibroblast Cells Using Geant4-DNA
Gearbox	Machine Learning for Sustainable Wind Energy: A Comparative Study of Models for Predicting Front Bearing Temperature as a Gearbox Failure Precursor
gene expression	Study the Effect of Tryptanthrin on Gene Expression of OmpA and CsuE Gene in Acinetobacter baumannii Impact of Sub-MIC Ceftazidime on Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Gene Expression in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
General Weibull Distribution	A New Laplace–General Weibull Mixture Distribution: Properties and Applications
GEOSUN map	Constructing wind ambient turbulence intensity map using GIS and Weibull Parameters
GIS	A Remote Sensing and MCDM- AHP Based Spatial Decision Support Model for Wind Farm Projects in Southern Iraq Changes in The Urban Area of Baghdad Province for The Period 2005-2025 Constructing wind ambient turbulence intensity map using GIS and Weibull Parameters
glass	The Effect of the Particle Size and Type of Glass powder on Tribological Properties of (PMMA /glass) nanocomposites
Glass fiber	Comparative Performance between Various Composite Materials Used for Structural Applications
glass fibers	Effect of silicon carbide Nano powder on the mechanical and thermal properties of unsaturated polyester composites used in marine applications
Glauber model	Reaction cross sections for (_2^6)He and (_2^8)He isotopes
Global Model	Computational Study of Argon to Sulfur Hexafluoride Fraction Mole in (〖 SF〗_6 )⁄(Ar ) Plasma Using Global Model
Global warming	Optimal Region for Solar-based Desalination Plants Delineation in Iraq Utilizing Spatial Analysis Techniques
Glucose	Estimation of Leptin Levels and some Chemical Parameters in Smoking Athletes and comparison with Non- Smoking Athletes
Grain Boundary scattering	Effect of Phonon, Surface and Grain Boundary Scattering on Electric Resistivity for Molybdenum and Iridium
green resin	Assessment of Biodegradable Polymer Exposed to Fungi Using Spectroscopy FTIR
Green synthesis	Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Nonthermal Plasma
Groundwater	Renewable Energy–Based Modernization of Irrigation Systems in the Oases of Adrar, Southwest Algeria
Group Rings	Generalized Indeterminacy Group Rings
H
h-compact	New Certain Generalized Form of Compact Topological Spaces Based on h-Open Sets
h-compact map	New Certain Generalized Form of Compact Topological Spaces Based on h-Open Sets
h-open set	New Certain Generalized Form of Compact Topological Spaces Based on h-Open Sets
HA	Biophysics and Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic - PMMA Nanocomposites for Medical Applications
Hadamard	Geometric Characteristics of Harmonic Multivalent Functions via a Novel Operator in Bergman Space
halo nuclei	Reaction cross sections for (_2^6)He and (_2^8)He isotopes
Harmonic function	Geometric Characteristics of Harmonic Multivalent Functions via a Novel Operator in Bergman Space
Hazard Function	A New Laplace–General Weibull Mixture Distribution: Properties and Applications
HbA1c	Clinical Disease Severity Outperforms Glycemic Biomarkers in Predicting Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
HBCCO	Comparative Effects of Indium Doping on Hg- and Bi-Based High-Tc Cuprates
Heart Failure	Significance of Brain Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure Stages Relevant with Kidney Disease
Heat	Thermodynamic Evaluation and Economic Assessment of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cogeneration for Hydrogen Production
heavy metals	Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Some Solid Supplements Samples Consumed by Adults
Helicobacter pylori	Molecular Insights into Peptic Ulcer Disease: Integrated Analysis of Dysregulated mRNA and miRNA Networks in Gastric Tissue
Heliotropism	A Mechanism-Based Biomimetic Dual-Axis Solar Tracker: Functional Transposition of Plant Heliotropism for Adaptive Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting
Hemoglobin	Biochemical and Hematological Disturbances in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Anemia: A Case-Control Study
Hereditary Rings	Some New Results of Hereditary Rings
high jump	Teaching by Using Seven Step Learning Circle and Cooperative Learning Strategies and Their Effect on High Jump Event Technique for The Students
high-temperature	Comparative Effects of Indium Doping on Hg- and Bi-Based High-Tc Cuprates
High-temperature superconductors	Influence of Processing Parameters on Bi₂Sr₂Ca2Cu3O10₊δ Morphological and Superconducting
Homogeneous Q-fuzzy soft group	Some properties and operations of complex Q-fuzzy soft groups
Hospital Wastewater	Hospital Wastewater Discharge Alters Rotifer Biodiversity and Community Structure along the Tigris River
Humidification–dehumidification desalination	Waste Heat Driven Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination System: Performance Enhancement via Air-to-Air Regeneration and Nanofluids
Hybrid	Comparative Performance between Various Composite Materials Used for Structural Applications
Hybrid Composites	Sustainable Epoxy Composite Coatings from Recycled PET and Waste Glass for Enhanced Interfacial Performance
Hybrid Metaheuristics	AML-FFA: Adaptive Multi-Operator Learning Firefly Algorithm for Single- Machine Scheduling
hydride perovskite	Towards understanding the optoelectronic characteristics of XHfH3 (X=Li, Na, K and Rb) hydride perovskites: DFT analysis
Hydrogen	Thermodynamic Evaluation and Economic Assessment of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cogeneration for Hydrogen Production Performance Evaluation of PV-Solar Distiller Standalone System for Green Hydrogen Production Optimal Production and Allocation of Green Hydrogen: A Techno-Economic Optimization Framework
hyperbilirubinemia	Study of some factors affecting jaundice in newborns at the Children’s Hospital in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
hyperheuristic	A Green Adaptive Hyper-Heuristic Framework for Multi-Objective Renewable Energy System Optimization
I
Idempotent elements	Generalized Indeterminacy Group Rings
IDW	Water Quality Assessment and Mapping using IDW: A Case of Basrah Marshes
IL-1B	Platelet growth factor, Chemerin , interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6 and insulin in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus
IL-6	Platelet growth factor, Chemerin , interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6 and insulin in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus
IL6	Assessment of Serum Hormones, Binding Proteins, and Pancreatic Elastase-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Complicated with Pancreatitis
Incretin hormones	Assessment of Serum Hormones, Binding Proteins, and Pancreatic Elastase-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Complicated with Pancreatitis
Indeterminacy field	Generalized Indeterminacy Group Rings
Indeterminacy Group Rings	Generalized Indeterminacy Group Rings
Indeterminacy Semi-Group Rings	Generalized Indeterminacy Group Rings
Indoline	Study and Efficiency Calculation of Dye-Sensitive Solar Cells Based on Indoline-Sensitive D102 Contact with TiO2 Interface
Infertility	Investigating Chemerin, Kisspeptin, and Neurokinin B as Predictive Biomarkers in Obese Women with Infertility
Information criteria	Comparison Between New Transmuted Rayleigh -Weibull Distribution with Many Other Distributions
Information Criterion	A Comparative Study of the New Weibull-X Lindley Distribution and Related Probability Distributions
Information Technology	The Role of Information Technology in Improving the Efficiency of Administrative Work in the Department of Sports and School Activities in the Dhi Qar Directorate of Education
Insulin	Investigating Chemerin, Kisspeptin, and Neurokinin B as Predictive Biomarkers in Obese Women with Infertility
Integral Transforms	Geometric Characteristics of Harmonic Multivalent Functions via a Novel Operator in Bergman Space
Intelligent Decision Systems	Diophantine Neuromorphic Fuzzy Rough Sets for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADA)
interactive map	Using static and interactive maps to represent certain demographic indicators for Iraq for 2024–2025 Comparative evaluation of ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 and ArcGIS Online dashboard
investment cost	CCHP Capacity Selection via Multi Objective Optimization and Regression Decision Making Strategy
Ionic conductivity	Promoting Efficiency of Solar Cells Based on Blend Electrolytes with different alkali metals by incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide
Iraq	A Remote Sensing and MCDM- AHP Based Spatial Decision Support Model for Wind Farm Projects in Southern Iraq Constructing wind ambient turbulence intensity map using GIS and Weibull Parameters
Iraqi Cement	Investigation of Specific Iraqi Cement Materials Using Single-Pulse LIBS
Iron oxide	Phyto - Synthesis of Metal Oxide in DBD Plasma for Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas Antimicrobial
Iron oxide Nps	The effect of different preparation methods of nano-iron oxide on gram-negative bacteria and fungi
J
Jerk	Analysis Of The Kinematic and Kinetic Indicators Of The Kinetic Indicators Of The Best Iraqi Olympic Weightlifters in the Clean and Jerk
K
Karbala	Land Use Dynamics, Agricultural Expansion, and Land Surface Temperature Variability in Karbala Governorate, Iraq
keratin	FTIR Spectroscopy for Evaluating Keratin Structural Alterations in Psoriatic Nails
Keywords	Manufacturing and studying the structural properties and energy levels of Te₆₀₋ₓSe₄₀₊ₓ alloys
Keywords cooperative	Teaching by Using Seven Step Learning Circle and Cooperative Learning Strategies and Their Effect on High Jump Event Technique for The Students
KEYWORDS: blood group	Study of some factors affecting jaundice in newborns at the Children’s Hospital in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Kinematic indicators	Analysis Of The Kinematic and Kinetic Indicators Of The Best Iraqi Olympic Weightlifters in the Clean and Jerk Analysis Of The Kinematic and Kinetic Indicators Of The Kinetic Indicators Of The Best Iraqi Olympic Weightlifters in the Clean and Jerk
kinetic indicators	Analysis Of The Kinematic and Kinetic Indicators Of The Best Iraqi Olympic Weightlifters in the Clean and Jerk
kisspeptin	Investigating Chemerin, Kisspeptin, and Neurokinin B as Predictive Biomarkers in Obese Women with Infertility
L
Land Reclamation	Land Use Dynamics, Agricultural Expansion, and Land Surface Temperature Variability in Karbala Governorate, Iraq
Land Use Land Cover Change	Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Growth and Land Use/Land Cover Change in Baghdad Using GIS and Remote for two Decades
Landsat imagery	Changes in The Urban Area of Baghdad Province for The Period 2005-2025
Lanthanides	Quantitative Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Iraqi Crude Oil Using 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Laplace Distribution	A New Laplace–General Weibull Mixture Distribution: Properties and Applications
laser ablation	Improved The Anti-Bacterial Activities of Metallic Nanoparticles by Tarragon Oil
LBO	Optical Dispersion and Velocity Characteristics of Lithium Triborat (LBO)
Lean Hydrogen flame	Hydrogen Flames: New Solutions and Stability with Adiabatic Versus Isothermal Walls
learning circle	Teaching by Using Seven Step Learning Circle and Cooperative Learning Strategies and Their Effect on High Jump Event Technique for The Students
learning seven steps	Teaching by Using Seven Step Learning Circle and Cooperative Learning Strategies and Their Effect on High Jump Event Technique for The Students
Lee’s disk method	High-Performance Microwaves Absorbing and Thermal conductivity Epoxy Matrix Composite Reinforced with industrial Mill Scale Waste
Leptin	Estimation of Leptin Levels and some Chemical Parameters in Smoking Athletes and comparison with Non- Smoking Athletes
Leukemia	Estimation of Oxidative and Nitrosate Stress Markers In Leukemia Patients
LIBS	Quantitative Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Iraqi Crude Oil Using 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Study on the Influence of Metal Additives on Zn Plasma Properties Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Lifetime spectrum	Generation of Positronium Lifetime Spectra in Defective Polymers
lifting modules	On e*SS-Lifting Modules and Cofinitely e*SS- Lifting Modules: Definitions, Properties and Characterizations
Linear Energy Transfer	Multi-Method Investigation of LET and Range of Alpha Particles in Radiotherapy of Tissue Equivalent Materials Modeling and Comparative Analysis of Linear Energy Transfer and Range of Proton in Tissue-Equivalent Components for Radiation Therapy Applications
linear normed space	Approximation of function via a complex operator in linear normed space
Lion Optimization Algorithm	Estimating Some Stress-Strength Reliability of Modified Emrem Distribution A New Hybrid Metaheuristic to Estimate the Stress-Strength Model of the Modified Emrem Distribution
Lipid profile	Estimation of Leptin Levels and some Chemical Parameters in Smoking Athletes and comparison with Non- Smoking Athletes
Liquid crystal	Investigation of the Optical Properties of new Folic Acid Polymers Derived from Schiff base and studying their Crystalline Behaviour
local scaling transformation	Reaction cross sections for (_2^6)He and (_2^8)He isotopes
Lomax Distribution	Estimating the Reliability of General Inverse Lomax Function
LST	Land Use Dynamics, Agricultural Expansion, and Land Surface Temperature Variability in Karbala Governorate, Iraq
LSTM	Modeling Chickenpox Transmission Using Environmental Data and Machine Learning Techniques
lubrication	The Effect of the Particle Size and Type of Glass powder on Tribological Properties of (PMMA /glass) nanocomposites
M
M-TES (Mobile Thermal Energy storage)	Economic Assessment of Mobile Thermal Energy Storage for Large Commercial Buildings: A Case Study in Lebanon
Machine learning	Modeling Chickenpox Transmission Using Environmental Data and Machine Learning Techniques Machine Learning for Sustainable Wind Energy: A Comparative Study of Models for Predicting Front Bearing Temperature as a Gearbox Failure Precursor
macrostrain	Application Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, Size-Strain Plot, and Halder-Wagner to Calculation Crystal Size and Micro strain of 〖Hg〗_(1-x ) 〖Al〗_x 〖Ba〗_2 〖Ca〗_2 〖Cu〗_3 O_(8+δ)Compound
Magic Numbers	Effect of Transition Levels on Quadrupole Deformation and B(E2) Values in Even-Even Tin Isotopes (A = 126–138)
magnesium oxide nanoparticles	Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Mushroom) Extract- Derived Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Activity Against Isolates from Immunocompromised Patients
maintenance	Optimizing Machine Efficiency in Metalworking: A Lean Management and Industry 4.0-Based Approach to Business Process Re-Engineering
Maintenance Optimization	Enhancing Reliability in Marine Energy Systems: Integrated Mitigation Strategies for Biofouling-Induced Overheating
Marine alternative fuels	Fuel Transition and Regulatory Compliance Assessment of a Tanker Vessel.
Marine Energy Systems	Enhancing Reliability in Marine Energy Systems: Integrated Mitigation Strategies for Biofouling-Induced Overheating
Maritime decarbonization	Fuel Transition and Regulatory Compliance Assessment of a Tanker Vessel.
Markarian Early galaxies	A Comparative Investigation of Baryonic and Gas Masses in the Early and Late Type Markarian Galaxies Sample
Markarian Late galaxies	A Comparative Investigation of Baryonic and Gas Masses in the Early and Late Type Markarian Galaxies Sample
Materials	Study of ZnSnxGe1-xN2 Properties for Optoelectronic Applications
mathematical functions	Processing MRI Images Using Advanced Mathematical Techniques: Applications of Trigonometric Functions
MATLAB/GUI	Development of a MATLAB/GUI Based Photovoltaic Simulator Using a Single Diode Model
Maximum Likelihood	A Comparison Statistical Technique Study Using Some Classical Methods
Maximum Likelihood Classification	Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Growth and Land Use/Land Cover Change in Baghdad Using GIS and Remote for two Decades
Maximum likelihood estimation	Comparison Between New Transmuted Rayleigh -Weibull Distribution with Many Other Distributions Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set for Shanker-Rayleigh Distribution
maximum strength	The Effect of the Specialized (F.S.T-7) Method on Certain Physical Variables and the Smash Skill in Advanced Badminton Players
MCDM	A Remote Sensing and MCDM- AHP Based Spatial Decision Support Model for Wind Farm Projects in Southern Iraq
MDR bacterial isolates	Flavonoid Extracts from Ziziphus spina-christi Leaves as an Antibiofilm Agent of Bacterial Isolates from Burns and Wounds
mean square error	Estimating the Reliability of General Inverse Lomax Function
Mean Squared Error Matrix	An Unbiased Difference-Based Convex Estimator Depending on Prior Information for Addressing Multicollinearity in Partially Linear Models.
Measure Renyi Entropy	Comparison Between New Transmuted Rayleigh -Weibull Distribution with Many Other Distributions
Mechanical Characterization	SR/Tio2AndSR/Mgo Nano-Composites Mechanical /Morphological Characterization
Mechanical properties	Microstructural, mechanical and tribological performance of Al–Si casting alloys via Aerosil 200 reinforcement Biophysics and Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic - PMMA Nanocomposites for Medical Applications Production of Sustainable Waste of Bricks and Mortar – Polymer Matrix Composites: Mechanical and Thermal properties
mechanism of resistance	Study the Effect of Tryptanthrin on Gene Expression of OmpA and CsuE Gene in Acinetobacter baumannii
medical image	Processing MRI Images Using Advanced Mathematical Techniques: Applications of Trigonometric Functions
Metal oxide varistor	Electrical Features and Microstructure of Irradiated Zinc Oxide Ceramic Varistor
Methylene blue (MB)	Electrospun PMMA/ZnO Nanocomposite Fibers for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Mgo NPs	SR/Tio2AndSR/Mgo Nano-Composites Mechanical /Morphological Characterization
microfluidic flooding	Green Wettability Alteration Via Tea Leaf Extract for Sustainable Enhanced Oil Recovery
Microgrid	Microgrid-Based Optimization Model for Cost Reduction and Sustainable Electricity Production in Lebanon
Microgrids	Air Pollution and Renewable Energy Transition: Environmental, Health and Sustainability Challenges
Mill scale	High-Performance Microwaves Absorbing and Thermal conductivity Epoxy Matrix Composite Reinforced with industrial Mill Scale Waste
Mineral additive	Investigation of Pozzolanic Reactivity of Algerian Feldspar for Sustainable Clinker Substitution in Cement
miRNA–mRNA Interaction	Molecular Insights into Peptic Ulcer Disease: Integrated Analysis of Dysregulated mRNA and miRNA Networks in Gastric Tissue
Mixture Distribution	A New Laplace–General Weibull Mixture Distribution: Properties and Applications
Mobility	Thermal–Electrical Reliability Analysis of Piezoresistive Sensors Using Mobility Modeling and Finite Difference Simulation
Modeling	Development of a MATLAB/GUI Based Photovoltaic Simulator Using a Single Diode Model
Modern Technologies	A Proposed Vision for Leveraging Cybersecurity Technologies in Developing the Sports Management System
modified harmonic potential	Reaction cross sections for (_2^6)He and (_2^8)He isotopes
Molybdenum Iridium	Effect of Phonon, Surface and Grain Boundary Scattering on Electric Resistivity for Molybdenum and Iridium
Monolayer Se@BeS	A DFT Study of Sensing: Tuneable Gas Adsorption and Optical Properties in Selenium-Doped BeS Monolayer
Monte Carlo Simulation	An Unbiased Difference-Based Convex Estimator Depending on Prior Information for Addressing Multicollinearity in Partially Linear Models.
Moringa	The synergistic effect of green-processed, cold-plasma-Activated Moringa nanoparticles with Laser-Prepared Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial
Motor Learning	Effects of an Augmented Motor Reality–Based Training Program on Spatial Awareness and Skill-Based Decision Making in Youth Basketball Players
MPPT	Use of the Fuzzy Logic Algorithm Combined with the PSO Method for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Energy
MRI	Processing MRI Images Using Advanced Mathematical Techniques: Applications of Trigonometric Functions
MTF	Systematic Comparative Analysis of Newtonian Telescope Performance at Different Focal Ratios.
Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM)	Diophantine Neuromorphic Fuzzy Rough Sets for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADA)
Multi-criteria decision making	Fuel Transition and Regulatory Compliance Assessment of a Tanker Vessel.
Multi-objective optimization	Computational Intelligence Meets Nanophotonics: BFO-Driven Design of Next-Generation Plasmonic Photovoltaics CCHP Capacity Selection via Multi Objective Optimization and Regression Decision Making Strategy
Multi-Operator Local Search	AML-FFA: Adaptive Multi-Operator Learning Firefly Algorithm for Single- Machine Scheduling
Multicollinearity	An Unbiased Difference-Based Convex Estimator Depending on Prior Information for Addressing Multicollinearity in Partially Linear Models.
Multifunctional materials	Effect of coating nano silver by Pulsed Laser Deposition of Polypyrrole/Carbon Black in c- band and x-band
Multihydroxvacetophenonylidene	The Effect of Schiff Bases on the Hydrogen Peroxide Yield in the γ-radiolysis of water
Multivalent function	Geometric Characteristics of Harmonic Multivalent Functions via a Novel Operator in Bergman Space
Myeloperoxidase	Biochemical and Hematological Disturbances in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Anemia: A Case-Control Study
N
nails	FTIR Spectroscopy for Evaluating Keratin Structural Alterations in Psoriatic Nails
nano composites	A Comparison of the Influences of Polymeric Stabilizers on the Structural Integrity, Morphological, and Optoelectronic Behavior of ZnO-Ag₂O Nanocomposites on Flexible PET Substrates
nano ZnO	Effect of Eosin Y Dye on the Properties of ITO/Eosin Y/ZnO/ITO Dye Solar Cells
nanocomposite	Investigation of Structural, Optical and Morphological Properties of the ZnO/PMMA Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Water Treatment
nanocomposite film	Composite Thin Films by Casting Technique for Laser Active Medium Applications
nanocomposites	Biophysics and Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic - PMMA Nanocomposites for Medical Applications
nanomaterials	Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Nonthermal Plasma
Nanoparticles	Investigating of the Size–Strain Relationship of Ni1-xCuxO Nanoparticles by Using Williamson -Hall Analysis
Nanophotonics	Computational Intelligence Meets Nanophotonics: BFO-Driven Design of Next-Generation Plasmonic Photovoltaics
Nanostructuring	Physical Modeling of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials for Waste Heat Recovery in Sustainable Industrial Systems
Natural dyes	Preparation and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Plants Under CW Laser Illumination
Natural material	Comparative Performance between Various Composite Materials Used for Structural Applications
natural materials	Modification the properties of PVA Composite Films for Eco-Friendly Packaging Application
Navigator	The Real Time Kinematic DGPS Mode Simulation Using Static Mode & Navigator
Nd:YAG laser	Surface Modification of Ti6Al4V alloy using laser nitridefor biomedical applications
NDBI-MLC masking	Changes in The Urban Area of Baghdad Province for The Period 2005-2025
NDVI	Land Use Dynamics, Agricultural Expansion, and Land Surface Temperature Variability in Karbala Governorate, Iraq
net lift	Analysis Of The Kinematic and Kinetic Indicators Of The Best Iraqi Olympic Weightlifters in the Clean and Jerk Analysis Of The Kinematic and Kinetic Indicators Of The Kinetic Indicators Of The Best Iraqi Olympic Weightlifters in the Clean and Jerk
Net present value (NPV)	Economic Assessment of Mobile Thermal Energy Storage for Large Commercial Buildings: A Case Study in Lebanon
Neurokinin B	Investigating Chemerin, Kisspeptin, and Neurokinin B as Predictive Biomarkers in Obese Women with Infertility
Neuromorphic Computing	Diophantine Neuromorphic Fuzzy Rough Sets for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADA)
New Magic Numbers	Investigation of Nuclear Deformation and Shell Evolution near N=50 and N=34 Using HF+BCS Method
newborns	Study of some factors affecting jaundice in newborns at the Children’s Hospital in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Newtonian Telescope	Systematic Comparative Analysis of Newtonian Telescope Performance at Different Focal Ratios.
Ni	structural and optical characteristics of undoped and Ni-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles by Chemical Bath Deposition method
Nickel Oxide	Investigating of the Size–Strain Relationship of Ni1-xCuxO Nanoparticles by Using Williamson -Hall Analysis Gas Sensor Performance of ZnO/NiO Nanocomposites via Spin Coating Technique: Effect of NiO Concentration
Nitric Oxide	Estimation of Oxidative and Nitrosate Stress Markers In Leukemia Patients
Nitrosative Stress	Estimation of Oxidative and Nitrosate Stress Markers In Leukemia Patients
NO2	Gas Sensor Performance of ZnO/NiO Nanocomposites via Spin Coating Technique: Effect of NiO Concentration
Nonlinear optical properties	Preparation and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Plants Under CW Laser Illumination
NP-Hard Problems	AML-FFA: Adaptive Multi-Operator Learning Firefly Algorithm for Single- Machine Scheduling
Nuclear Deformation	Investigation of Nuclear Deformation and Shell Evolution near N=50 and N=34 Using HF+BCS Method
Nuclear profile distribution	Reaction cross sections for (_2^6)He and (_2^8)He isotopes
nutritional supplements	Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Some Solid Supplements Samples Consumed by Adults Measuring the Radiation and Environmental Hazard Factors of Some Nutrition Supplements Taken by Children
O
OASIS Agriculture	Renewable Energy–Based Modernization of Irrigation Systems in the Oases of Adrar, Southwest Algeria
OEE	Optimizing Machine Efficiency in Metalworking: A Lean Management and Industry 4.0-Based Approach to Business Process Re-Engineering
OES	Investigation of Specific Iraqi Cement Materials Using Single-Pulse LIBS
Operational strategy	Economic Assessment of Mobile Thermal Energy Storage for Large Commercial Buildings: A Case Study in Lebanon
Opportunistic pathogen Teaching	Study the Effect of Tryptanthrin on Gene Expression of OmpA and CsuE Gene in Acinetobacter baumannii
optical	Enhancing Optical and Structural Properties of CuSbSe2 via annealing
optical characteristics	Towards understanding the optoelectronic characteristics of XHfH3 (X=Li, Na, K and Rb) hydride perovskites: DFT analysis
Optical properties	A DFT Study of Sensing: Tuneable Gas Adsorption and Optical Properties in Selenium-Doped BeS Monolayer
Optical proprities	Numerical Simulation of the Impact of Absorber Layer Thickness on the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Optimization	Optimal Production and Allocation of Green Hydrogen: A Techno-Economic Optimization Framework Microgrid-Based Optimization Model for Cost Reduction and Sustainable Electricity Production in Lebanon
Optoelectronics	Study of ZnSnxGe1-xN2 Properties for Optoelectronic Applications Numerical Simulation of the Impact of Absorber Layer Thickness on the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
orbital elements	Verification of state vectors and orbital elements in the presence of perturbations for satellites
Ordinary Least Squares	A Comparison Statistical Technique Study Using Some Classical Methods
Oxazepine	Novel Oxazepine Derivative AMIO: Enhanced Antibacterial/Anti-Biofilm Properties and Mechanistic Insights
Oxidative Stress	Estimation of Oxidative and Nitrosate Stress Markers In Leukemia Patients Biochemical and Hematological Disturbances in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Anemia: A Case-Control Study
P
p-n hetero junction	Influence of Spray Cycles on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO-CuO Nanocomposite Thin Films Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis
packaging	Modification the properties of PVA Composite Films for Eco-Friendly Packaging Application
Pairing Correlations	Investigation of Nuclear Deformation and Shell Evolution near N=50 and N=34 Using HF+BCS Method
Palm Biodiesel	Box–Behnken Optimization and ISO VG 68 Blending of Palm Biodiesel-Derived TMP and Di-TMP Polyol Ester Biolubricants
Pancreatogenic diabetes	Assessment of Serum Hormones, Binding Proteins, and Pancreatic Elastase-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Complicated with Pancreatitis
Pareto front	CCHP Capacity Selection via Multi Objective Optimization and Regression Decision Making Strategy
Partial shading resilience	A Mechanism-Based Biomimetic Dual-Axis Solar Tracker: Functional Transposition of Plant Heliotropism for Adaptive Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting
Partial wave analysis	Elastic Scattering of Electrons from Argon Atom within a Relativistic Optical Potential Framework
Partially Linear Model	An Unbiased Difference-Based Convex Estimator Depending on Prior Information for Addressing Multicollinearity in Partially Linear Models.
partially ordered set	New Modification Categories of Coupled Coincidence Fixed Point Theorems Involving the Concept of Compatibility
particle size	Study the Effect of Activation Temperature and Grain Size on the Thermal Conductivity of Waste Concrete
Particles	Multi-Method Investigation of LET and Range of Alpha Particles in Radiotherapy of Tissue Equivalent Materials
Payback period (PBP)	Economic Assessment of Mobile Thermal Energy Storage for Large Commercial Buildings: A Case Study in Lebanon
PbO	Enhancement of Superconductor Structure and Electrical Properties via Pb Substitution in Bi2-xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ System
PCL/PEO	Effect of ZnO Nanoparticle Reinforcement on the Structural, Optical and Mechanical Properties of PCL/PEO Composite Films
PCM	Influence Of Eccentric Of Shell And Finned Tube On The Melting Of Phase Change Material
Performance	Performance Evaluation of PV-Solar Distiller Standalone System for Green Hydrogen Production Experimental Investigation of Air Nozzle Jet Impingement on Thermoelectric Generator Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery
Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻)	Estimation of Oxidative and Nitrosate Stress Markers In Leukemia Patients
PGF	Platelet growth factor, Chemerin , interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6 and insulin in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus
Phase change material (PCM)	Economic Assessment of Mobile Thermal Energy Storage for Large Commercial Buildings: A Case Study in Lebanon
Phase Change Materials (PCM)	Thermal and Energy Performance of Double-Layer BioPCM Walls in Mediterranean Climate
Phenolic compounds	Study of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Compounds, Selected Vitamins, and Sugar Content in Commercial Sports Drinks under Storage Conditions
Phonon scattering	Physical Modeling of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials for Waste Heat Recovery in Sustainable Industrial Systems
Photo catalysis	Influence of Spray Cycles on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO-CuO Nanocomposite Thin Films Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis
Photovoltaic	Study of ZnSnxGe1-xN2 Properties for Optoelectronic Applications Study of The Photovoltaic Properties and Efficiency of Ruthenium Black Dye-Sensitive Solar Cells Based on Titanium Dioxide Electrode
Photovoltaic systems	A Mechanism-Based Biomimetic Dual-Axis Solar Tracker: Functional Transposition of Plant Heliotropism for Adaptive Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting
Photovoltaics	Performance Evaluation of PV-Solar Distiller Standalone System for Green Hydrogen Production
physicochemical stability	Assessment of Biodegradable Polymer Exposed to Fungi Using Spectroscopy FTIR
pineapple peels	Comparative Performance between Various Composite Materials Used for Structural Applications
PLAL	Preparation of Nanoparticles via PLAL Environmentally Benign for Antibacterial Activity in Liquid
Plasma	Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Nonthermal Plasma The synergistic effect of green-processed, cold-plasma-Activated Moringa nanoparticles with Laser-Prepared Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial Study on the Influence of Metal Additives on Zn Plasma Properties Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Plasmonic Nanoparticles	Computational Intelligence Meets Nanophotonics: BFO-Driven Design of Next-Generation Plasmonic Photovoltaics
PMMA	Comparative Performance between Various Composite Materials Used for Structural Applications Biophysics and Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic - PMMA Nanocomposites for Medical Applications
PMMA/ZnO nanocomposite Fiber	Electrospun PMMA/ZnO Nanocomposite Fibers for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Polyesters	Investigation of the Optical Properties of new Folic Acid Polymers Derived from Schiff base and studying their Crystalline Behaviour
polygons	Using static and interactive maps to represent certain demographic indicators for Iraq for 2024–2025 Comparative evaluation of ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 and ArcGIS Online dashboard
polymer	Promoting Efficiency of Solar Cells Based on Blend Electrolytes with different alkali metals by incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide
polymer blend	Development of PVA/FRANKINCENSE Electro Spun Nano Fibrous with Potent Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus for Skin Substitution
Polymer composite coatings	Depolymerized polyethylene terephthalates and Waste Glass – epoxy composite for Sustainable Coatings to Enhanced Mechanical properties of Coatings
Polymer-Based Composites	Production of Sustainable Waste of Bricks and Mortar – Polymer Matrix Composites: Mechanical and Thermal properties
Polymethyl methacrylate	Investigation of Structural, Optical and Morphological Properties of the ZnO/PMMA Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Water Treatment Electrospun PMMA/ZnO Nanocomposite Fibers for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Polypropylene microfiber	Developing Cementitious Concrete with Mixing Upcycling Face Mask Waste Result from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Polypyrrole carbon black composite	Effect of coating nano silver by Pulsed Laser Deposition of Polypyrrole/Carbon Black in c- band and x-band
polystyrene	Sustainability of Manufacturing Bricks by Using Waste Polystyrene with Cement Matrix Composite Materials
pore design	Assessment of Biodegradable Polymer Exposed to Fungi Using Spectroscopy FTIR
Positron	Generation of Positronium Lifetime Spectra in Defective Polymers
Positronium	Generation of Positronium Lifetime Spectra in Defective Polymers
Power	Thermodynamic Evaluation and Economic Assessment of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cogeneration for Hydrogen Production
Pozzolanic reactivity	Investigation of Pozzolanic Reactivity of Algerian Feldspar for Sustainable Clinker Substitution in Cement
Predictive maintenance	Machine Learning for Sustainable Wind Energy: A Comparative Study of Models for Predicting Front Bearing Temperature as a Gearbox Failure Precursor
producing isolates	Study the Effect of Tryptanthrin on Gene Expression of OmpA and CsuE Gene in Acinetobacter baumannii
projective modules	Some New Results of Hereditary Rings
property of mixed G-Monotone	New Modification Categories of Coupled Coincidence Fixed Point Theorems Involving the Concept of Compatibility
prosthetics	Biophysics and Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic - PMMA Nanocomposites for Medical Applications
Protein Carbonyl	Estimation of Oxidative and Nitrosate Stress Markers In Leukemia Patients
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Impact of Sub-MIC Ceftazidime on Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Gene Expression in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
PSF	Systematic Comparative Analysis of Newtonian Telescope Performance at Different Focal Ratios.
PSO Methode	Use of the Fuzzy Logic Algorithm Combined with the PSO Method for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Energy
psoriasis	FTIR Spectroscopy for Evaluating Keratin Structural Alterations in Psoriatic Nails
Public health	Air Pollution and Renewable Energy Transition: Environmental, Health and Sustainability Challenges
Pulse ablation technique in liquid	Preparation of Nanoparticles via PLAL Environmentally Benign for Antibacterial Activity in Liquid
Pulsed laser deposition	Effect of coating nano silver by Pulsed Laser Deposition of Polypyrrole/Carbon Black in c- band and x-band
pure	structural and optical characteristics of undoped and Ni-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles by Chemical Bath Deposition method
PV module	Development of a MATLAB/GUI Based Photovoltaic Simulator Using a Single Diode Model
PVA	Modification the properties of PVA Composite Films for Eco-Friendly Packaging Application Development of PVA/FRANKINCENSE Electro Spun Nano Fibrous with Potent Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus for Skin Substitution
Q
Quadratic Determination Problems	Gravitational search algorithm for Solving the Multi-Objective Assignment Problem
Quantum confinement	Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Nonthermal Plasma
Quenching by cold walls	Hydrogen Flames: New Solutions and Stability with Adiabatic Versus Isothermal Walls
R
Radiation Therapy	Modeling and Comparative Analysis of Linear Energy Transfer and Range of Proton in Tissue-Equivalent Components for Radiation Therapy Applications
radioactivity	Measuring the Radiation and Environmental Hazard Factors of Some Nutrition Supplements Taken by Children
radon	Measuring the Radiation and Environmental Hazard Factors of Some Nutrition Supplements Taken by Children
Random blood sugar	Clinical Disease Severity Outperforms Glycemic Biomarkers in Predicting Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
random laser	Composite Thin Films by Casting Technique for Laser Active Medium Applications
Range	Multi-Method Investigation of LET and Range of Alpha Particles in Radiotherapy of Tissue Equivalent Materials
Rank Set Sampling	A Comparison Statistical Technique Study Using Some Classical Methods
Ranking function	Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set For Exponentiated Exponential Rayleigh Distribution Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set for Shanker-Rayleigh Distribution
Rate	Study The Effect of Acceptor State on The Charge Transport Process At Solar Cell
Rayleigh distribution	Statistical properties of the Shanker-Rayleigh model
Rayleigh- Weibull	Comparison Between New Transmuted Rayleigh -Weibull Distribution with Many Other Distributions
reaction cross section	Reaction cross sections for (_2^6)He and (_2^8)He isotopes
Reactive Motor Training	The Effect of Reactive Motor Training on the Accuracy of Selected Fundamental Skills in Volleyball Players
Real data application	Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set For Exponentiated Exponential Rayleigh Distribution
recurrent miscarriage	Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii and its association with recurrent miscarriage and immunological cytokine profile in women
Recycle	Comparative Performance between Various Composite Materials Used for Structural Applications
Recycled glass particles	Depolymerized polyethylene terephthalates and Waste Glass – epoxy composite for Sustainable Coatings to Enhanced Mechanical properties of Coatings
Recycled PET	Sustainable Epoxy Composite Coatings from Recycled PET and Waste Glass for Enhanced Interfacial Performance
Recycling of Bricks and Mortar Waste	Production of Sustainable Waste of Bricks and Mortar – Polymer Matrix Composites: Mechanical and Thermal properties
REEs	Quantitative Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Iraqi Crude Oil Using 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
reflective thinking	The Effect of Situational Learning Strategy on DevelopingReflective Thinking and Improving Learning Outcomes of Some Complex OffensiveBasketball Skills among Second-Stage Students at the College of PhysicalEducation and Sports Sciences
refractive index	Optical Dispersion and Velocity Characteristics of Lithium Triborat (LBO)
Regeneration	Regeneration of Type C Social Housing in Santiago de Chile: Architecture and Applied Technology
regression	CCHP Capacity Selection via Multi Objective Optimization and Regression Decision Making Strategy
Rehabilitation exercises	The effect of rehabilitative exercises with ultrasound in relieving pain and improving the wrist joint of injured fencing players
Reinforcement	Effect of ZnO Nanoparticle Reinforcement on the Structural, Optical and Mechanical Properties of PCL/PEO Composite Films
relationship	Association between Vitamin D3 Deficiency and Depressive Symptoms Among Male and Female Students
Reliability Function	A New Hybrid Metaheuristic to Estimate the Stress-Strength Model of the Modified Emrem Distribution
Reliability function stress–strength	Estimating Some Stress-Strength Reliability of Modified Emrem Distribution
Remote Sensing	A Remote Sensing and MCDM- AHP Based Spatial Decision Support Model for Wind Farm Projects in Southern Iraq Land Use Dynamics, Agricultural Expansion, and Land Surface Temperature Variability in Karbala Governorate, Iraq Monitoring Surface Water Dynamics of the Tigris River in Baghdad Using Multi-Spectral Indices and Remote Sensing (2015–2025) Changes in The Urban Area of Baghdad Province for The Period 2005-2025 Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Growth and Land Use/Land Cover Change in Baghdad Using GIS and Remote for two Decades
Renal Dysfunction	Significance of Brain Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure Stages Relevant with Kidney Disease
Renewable energy	A Green Adaptive Hyper-Heuristic Framework for Multi-Objective Renewable Energy System Optimization Air Pollution and Renewable Energy Transition: Environmental, Health and Sustainability Challenges Energy Efficiency and Electricity Consumption Analysis for Sustainable Development in Lebanon Microgrid-Based Optimization Model for Cost Reduction and Sustainable Electricity Production in Lebanon
Resistivity	Thermal–Electrical Reliability Analysis of Piezoresistive Sensors Using Mobility Modeling and Finite Difference Simulation
Resolution Function	Generation of Positronium Lifetime Spectra in Defective Polymers
rework	Optimizing Machine Efficiency in Metalworking: A Lean Management and Industry 4.0-Based Approach to Business Process Re-Engineering
RF	Modeling Chickenpox Transmission Using Environmental Data and Machine Learning Techniques
Rhodamine B	Composite Thin Films by Casting Technique for Laser Active Medium Applications
risk factors	Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Some Solid Supplements Samples Consumed by Adults Measuring the Radiation and Environmental Hazard Factors of Some Nutrition Supplements Taken by Children
ROC analysis	Clinical Disease Severity Outperforms Glycemic Biomarkers in Predicting Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Rotifera- Bioindicators	Hospital Wastewater Discharge Alters Rotifer Biodiversity and Community Structure along the Tigris River
Rruthenium N3 dy	Study The Effect of Acceptor State on The Charge Transport Process At Solar Cell
RT-qPCR	Impact of Sub-MIC Ceftazidime on Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Gene Expression in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
RTK DGPS	The Real Time Kinematic DGPS Mode Simulation Using Static Mode & Navigator
Ruthenium	Study of The Photovoltaic Properties and Efficiency of Ruthenium Black Dye-Sensitive Solar Cells Based on Titanium Dioxide Electrode
Ruthenium N3	Study and calculation of the electron transport current rate for the interactions of N3 molecule dye with CdSe semiconductor in solar cell
Rényi Entropy	A Comparative Study of the New Weibull-X Lindley Distribution and Related Probability Distributions
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Sahara	Renewable Energy–Based Modernization of Irrigation Systems in the Oases of Adrar, Southwest Algeria
salts	Promoting Efficiency of Solar Cells Based on Blend Electrolytes with different alkali metals by incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide
Salvia officinalis	Phyto - Synthesis of Metal Oxide in DBD Plasma for Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas Antimicrobial
satellites perturbations	Verification of state vectors and orbital elements in the presence of perturbations for satellites
Scale Parameter	A New Hybrid Metaheuristic to Estimate the Stress-Strength Model of the Modified Emrem Distribution
Schiff	The Effect of Schiff Bases on the Hydrogen Peroxide Yield in the γ-radiolysis of water
Schiff base	Investigation of the Optical Properties of new Folic Acid Polymers Derived from Schiff base and studying their Crystalline Behaviour
Schiffs base compounds	Novel Oxazepine Derivative AMIO: Enhanced Antibacterial/Anti-Biofilm Properties and Mechanistic Insights
Security Standards	A Proposed Vision for Leveraging Cybersecurity Technologies in Developing the Sports Management System
Seebeck effect	Physical Modeling of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials for Waste Heat Recovery in Sustainable Industrial Systems
self-phase modulation	Preparation and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Plants Under CW Laser Illumination
SEM	Surface Modification of Ti6Al4V alloy using laser nitridefor biomedical applications
Semiconductor	Preparation and study of the structural and electrical properties of the Se90-xSn10+x alloy
Semiconductors	Study of ZnSnxGe1-xN2 Properties for Optoelectronic Applications
Sensors	Thermal–Electrical Reliability Analysis of Piezoresistive Sensors Using Mobility Modeling and Finite Difference Simulation
Shanker distribution	Statistical properties of the Shanker-Rayleigh model
Shannon–Wiener Index	Hospital Wastewater Discharge Alters Rotifer Biodiversity and Community Structure along the Tigris River
Shape Coexistence	Investigation of Nuclear Deformation and Shell Evolution near N=50 and N=34 Using HF+BCS Method
shape parameter	Constructing wind ambient turbulence intensity map using GIS and Weibull Parameters
Shell	Influence Of Eccentric Of Shell And Finned Tube On The Melting Of Phase Change Material
shot put performance among short-statured athletes (F40 category)	A study of the Explosive Power of the Upper and Lower Limbs And Some Biomechanical Variables and Their Relationship To The Performance Of the Shot Put In Short Stature, Category F40
SI-LIBs	Investigation of Specific Iraqi Cement Materials Using Single-Pulse LIBS
Silicon Solar Cells	Computational Intelligence Meets Nanophotonics: BFO-Driven Design of Next-Generation Plasmonic Photovoltaics
Silver nanoparticles	Effect of coating nano silver by Pulsed Laser Deposition of Polypyrrole/Carbon Black in c- band and x-band
Simple modules	Some New Results of Hereditary Rings
Simulation	Development of a MATLAB/GUI Based Photovoltaic Simulator Using a Single Diode Model
Single-Machine Scheduling	AML-FFA: Adaptive Multi-Operator Learning Firefly Algorithm for Single- Machine Scheduling
situational learning	The Effect of Situational Learning Strategy on DevelopingReflective Thinking and Improving Learning Outcomes of Some Complex OffensiveBasketball Skills among Second-Stage Students at the College of PhysicalEducation and Sports Sciences
Size-Strain Plot	Investigating of the Size–Strain Relationship of Ni1-xCuxO Nanoparticles by Using Williamson -Hall Analysis
Skill Accuracy	The Effect of Reactive Motor Training on the Accuracy of Selected Fundamental Skills in Volleyball Players
skin substitution	Development of PVA/FRANKINCENSE Electro Spun Nano Fibrous with Potent Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus for Skin Substitution
Skyrme Interaction	Investigation of Nuclear Deformation and Shell Evolution near N=50 and N=34 Using HF+BCS Method
sleep duration	The Effect of Sun Exposure and Sleep Duration on Vitamin D Levels in The Body and Their Relationship to Certain Immunological and Hematological Parameters
smart grid	A Green Adaptive Hyper-Heuristic Framework for Multi-Objective Renewable Energy System Optimization
smash skill	The Effect of the Specialized (F.S.T-7) Method on Certain Physical Variables and the Smash Skill in Advanced Badminton Players
smoker	Estimation of Leptin Levels and some Chemical Parameters in Smoking Athletes and comparison with Non- Smoking Athletes
Sno2	structural and optical characteristics of undoped and Ni-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles by Chemical Bath Deposition method
Social Housing	Regeneration of Type C Social Housing in Santiago de Chile: Architecture and Applied Technology
sodium alginate	Investigation of the Biocompatibility and Physicochemical Properties of Sodium Alginate- Based Nanocomposite for Tissue Engineering
Sol-gel	Gas Sensor Performance of ZnO/NiO Nanocomposites via Spin Coating Technique: Effect of NiO Concentration Improved optoelectronic characteristics of ZnO-based thin film coatings for optoelectronic applications
Solar Cell	Study of ZnSnxGe1-xN2 Properties for Optoelectronic Applications Promoting Efficiency of Solar Cells Based on Blend Electrolytes with different alkali metals by incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide
Solar distiller	Performance Evaluation of PV-Solar Distiller Standalone System for Green Hydrogen Production
Solar Irrigation	Renewable Energy–Based Modernization of Irrigation Systems in the Oases of Adrar, Southwest Algeria
Solar photovoltaic	Microgrid-Based Optimization Model for Cost Reduction and Sustainable Electricity Production in Lebanon
Solid-state reaction	Influence of Processing Parameters on Bi₂Sr₂Ca2Cu3O10₊δ Morphological and Superconducting
Source of attosecond pulse	Numerical Simulation of Attosecond X-ray Pulse Generation via Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) in FELs
space	New Certain Generalized Form of Compact Topological Spaces Based on h-Open Sets
Spatial analysis	Optimal Region for Solar-based Desalination Plants Delineation in Iraq Utilizing Spatial Analysis Techniques
Spatial Cognition	Effects of an Augmented Motor Reality–Based Training Program on Spatial Awareness and Skill-Based Decision Making in Youth Basketball Players
Spectral analysis	Investigation of Specific Iraqi Cement Materials Using Single-Pulse LIBS
Spectral indices	Monitoring Surface Water Dynamics of the Tigris River in Baghdad Using Multi-Spectral Indices and Remote Sensing (2015–2025)
speed-strength	The Effect of the Specialized (F.S.T-7) Method on Certain Physical Variables and the Smash Skill in Advanced Badminton Players
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs)	Diophantine Neuromorphic Fuzzy Rough Sets for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADA)
spin coating	Improved optoelectronic characteristics of ZnO-based thin film coatings for optoelectronic applications
spin-coating technique	Gas Sensor Performance of ZnO/NiO Nanocomposites via Spin Coating Technique: Effect of NiO Concentration
Sports and School Activities	The Role of Information Technology in Improving the Efficiency of Administrative Work in the Department of Sports and School Activities in the Dhi Qar Directorate of Education
Sports Management	A Proposed Vision for Leveraging Cybersecurity Technologies in Developing the Sports Management System
Spray Pyrolysis	Thin-Film Tin Oxide Production and Development for Gas Sensors Influence of Spray Cycles on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO-CuO Nanocomposite Thin Films Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis
Sprinkler Irrigation	Renewable Energy–Based Modernization of Irrigation Systems in the Oases of Adrar, Southwest Algeria
SR nanocomposite	SR/Tio2AndSR/Mgo Nano-Composites Mechanical /Morphological Characterization
Stannum Isotopes	Effect of Transition Levels on Quadrupole Deformation and B(E2) Values in Even-Even Tin Isotopes (A = 126–138)
static map	Using static and interactive maps to represent certain demographic indicators for Iraq for 2024–2025 Comparative evaluation of ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 and ArcGIS Online dashboard
Static Mode	The Real Time Kinematic DGPS Mode Simulation Using Static Mode & Navigator
Statistical distributions	Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set For Exponentiated Exponential Rayleigh Distribution
STC	Development of a MATLAB/GUI Based Photovoltaic Simulator Using a Single Diode Model
strongly h-compact map	New Certain Generalized Form of Compact Topological Spaces Based on h-Open Sets
Structural characterization	Manufacturing and studying the structural properties and energy levels of Te₆₀₋ₓSe₄₀₊ₓ alloys
structure	The effect of different preparation methods of nano-iron oxide on gram-negative bacteria and fungi A Comparison of the Influences of Polymeric Stabilizers on the Structural Integrity, Morphological, and Optoelectronic Behavior of ZnO-Ag₂O Nanocomposites on Flexible PET Substrates
sub-MIC	Impact of Sub-MIC Ceftazidime on Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Gene Expression in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
substrates	A Comparison of the Influences of Polymeric Stabilizers on the Structural Integrity, Morphological, and Optoelectronic Behavior of ZnO-Ag₂O Nanocomposites on Flexible PET Substrates
Sulfide	Influence of annealing temperature on CuSbS2 thin films for photovoltaic application
Sulfur Hexafluoride	Computational Study of Argon to Sulfur Hexafluoride Fraction Mole in (〖 SF〗_6 )⁄(Ar ) Plasma Using Global Model
Sun exposure	The Effect of Sun Exposure and Sleep Duration on Vitamin D Levels in The Body and Their Relationship to Certain Immunological and Hematological Parameters
superconductors	Comparative Effects of Indium Doping on Hg- and Bi-Based High-Tc Cuprates
Supply voltage	Thermal–Electrical Reliability Analysis of Piezoresistive Sensors Using Mobility Modeling and Finite Difference Simulation
Surface freshwater	Optimal Region for Solar-based Desalination Plants Delineation in Iraq Utilizing Spatial Analysis Techniques
Surviaval function	Comparison Between New Transmuted Rayleigh -Weibull Distribution with Many Other Distributions
Survival function	Statistical properties of the Shanker-Rayleigh model Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set for Shanker-Rayleigh Distribution Estimating the Reliability of General Inverse Lomax Function
Sustainability	Developing Cementitious Concrete with Mixing Upcycling Face Mask Waste Result from the COVID-19 Pandemic Machine Learning for Sustainable Wind Energy: A Comparative Study of Models for Predicting Front Bearing Temperature as a Gearbox Failure Precursor Regeneration of Type C Social Housing in Santiago de Chile: Architecture and Applied Technology Sustainability of Manufacturing Bricks by Using Waste Polystyrene with Cement Matrix Composite Materials Air Pollution and Renewable Energy Transition: Environmental, Health and Sustainability Challenges
Sustainable	Assessment of Biodegradable Polymer Exposed to Fungi Using Spectroscopy FTIR Production of Sustainable Waste of Bricks and Mortar – Polymer Matrix Composites: Mechanical and Thermal properties
Sustainable Concrete	Performance-Based Evaluation of Sustainable Concrete Incorporating Quarry Dust for Environmental and Thermal Benefits
Sustainable construction materials	Performance-Based Evaluation of Sustainable Concrete Incorporating Quarry Dust for Environmental and Thermal Benefits
Sustainable development	Energy Efficiency and Electricity Consumption Analysis for Sustainable Development in Lebanon
Sustainable electricity	Microgrid-Based Optimization Model for Cost Reduction and Sustainable Electricity Production in Lebanon
Sustainable Epoxy coatings	Sustainable Epoxy Composite Coatings from Recycled PET and Waste Glass for Enhanced Interfacial Performance
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T2DM	Measuring the Levels of IL-1, IL-17, and IL-37 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Relationship to Body Mass Index and Disease Duration
tail width	Preparation and study of the structural and electrical properties of the Se90-xSn10+x alloy
Tarragon oil	Improved The Anti-Bacterial Activities of Metallic Nanoparticles by Tarragon Oil
TCOs	Improved optoelectronic characteristics of ZnO-based thin film coatings for optoelectronic applications
Tea leaf extract	Green Wettability Alteration Via Tea Leaf Extract for Sustainable Enhanced Oil Recovery
Techno-economic modeling	Optimal Production and Allocation of Green Hydrogen: A Techno-Economic Optimization Framework
Temperature	Study and calculation of the electron transport current rate for the interactions of N3 molecule dye with CdSe semiconductor in solar cell
the color	Processing MRI Images Using Advanced Mathematical Techniques: Applications of Trigonometric Functions
The Shanker-Rayleigh distribution	Ranking Function and Fuzzy Set for Shanker-Rayleigh Distribution
The tribological properties	The Effect of the Particle Size and Type of Glass powder on Tribological Properties of (PMMA /glass) nanocomposites
Thermal Energy Storage	Thermal and Energy Performance of Double-Layer BioPCM Walls in Mediterranean Climate
thermal evaporation	Enhancing Optical and Structural Properties of CuSbSe2 via annealing Influence of annealing temperature on CuSbS2 thin films for photovoltaic application Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Characteristics of Cu2SnS3 Thin Films
Thermal performance of building materials	Performance-Based Evaluation of Sustainable Concrete Incorporating Quarry Dust for Environmental and Thermal Benefits
Thermodynamic performance	Waste Heat Driven Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination System: Performance Enhancement via Air-to-Air Regeneration and Nanofluids
Thermoelectric generator	Experimental Investigation of Air Nozzle Jet Impingement on Thermoelectric Generator Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery
Thermoelectric materials	Physical Modeling of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials for Waste Heat Recovery in Sustainable Industrial Systems
thin films	Influence of annealing temperature on CuSbS2 thin films for photovoltaic application
three parameters F P and N	Processing MRI Images Using Advanced Mathematical Techniques: Applications of Trigonometric Functions
Tigris River	Hospital Wastewater Discharge Alters Rotifer Biodiversity and Community Structure along the Tigris River
tin oxide	Thin-Film Tin Oxide Production and Development for Gas Sensors
TiO2 NPs Silicone rubber	SR/Tio2AndSR/Mgo Nano-Composites Mechanical /Morphological Characterization
tissue -equivalent materials	Study of gamma ray interaction parameters with tissue-equivalent materials at different energies
tissue engineering	Investigation of the Biocompatibility and Physicochemical Properties of Sodium Alginate- Based Nanocomposite for Tissue Engineering
Titanium oxide (TiO2)	Preparation of Nanoparticles via PLAL Environmentally Benign for Antibacterial Activity in Liquid
TLEs	Verification of state vectors and orbital elements in the presence of perturbations for satellites
Toxoplasma gondii	Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii and its association with recurrent miscarriage and immunological cytokine profile in women
TPM	Optimizing Machine Efficiency in Metalworking: A Lean Management and Industry 4.0-Based Approach to Business Process Re-Engineering
Track Density	Calculating both the diameter and Density of the Track on the Surface of the track detector CR-39 using a Computational Program for a Range of Alpha Energies
Track Diameter	Calculating both the diameter and Density of the Track on the Surface of the track detector CR-39 using a Computational Program for a Range of Alpha Energies
Transition Level	Effect of Transition Levels on Quadrupole Deformation and B(E2) Values in Even-Even Tin Isotopes (A = 126–138)
Transmittance	Numerical Simulation of the Impact of Absorber Layer Thickness on the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Tube	Influence Of Eccentric Of Shell And Finned Tube On The Melting Of Phase Change Material
Turbidity	Water Quality Assessment and Mapping using IDW: A Case of Basrah Marshes
turbulence intensity	Constructing wind ambient turbulence intensity map using GIS and Weibull Parameters
U
ultrasound waves	The effect of rehabilitative exercises with ultrasound in relieving pain and improving the wrist joint of injured fencing players
Uncertainty Modeling	Diophantine Neuromorphic Fuzzy Rough Sets for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADA)
undulation	Numerical Simulation of Attosecond X-ray Pulse Generation via Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) in FELs
undulator	Numerical Simulation of the Undulator Gap Effect on the Spectral Tuning Range of a Free Electron Laser
undulator gap	Numerical Simulation of the Undulator Gap Effect on the Spectral Tuning Range of a Free Electron Laser
university education	The Effect of Situational Learning Strategy on DevelopingReflective Thinking and Improving Learning Outcomes of Some Complex OffensiveBasketball Skills among Second-Stage Students at the College of PhysicalEducation and Sports Sciences
unsaturated polyester	Effect of silicon carbide Nano powder on the mechanical and thermal properties of unsaturated polyester composites used in marine applications
Upper and lower limb explosive power	A study of the Explosive Power of the Upper and Lower Limbs And Some Biomechanical Variables and Their Relationship To The Performance Of the Shot Put In Short Stature, Category F40
Urban Expansion	Changes in The Urban Area of Baghdad Province for The Period 2005-2025 Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Growth and Land Use/Land Cover Change in Baghdad Using GIS and Remote for two Decades
urinary tract infection	Detection of the recA gene and its association with biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Burkholderia cepacia isolated from urinary tract infection patients
UV	The synergistic effect of green-processed, cold-plasma-Activated Moringa nanoparticles with Laser-Prepared Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial
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vanadium pentoxide	Electrical Features and Microstructure of Irradiated Zinc Oxide Ceramic Varistor
Vicker hardness	The Effect of the Particle Size and Type of Glass powder on Tribological Properties of (PMMA /glass) nanocomposites
Vitamin C	Study of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Compounds, Selected Vitamins, and Sugar Content in Commercial Sports Drinks under Storage Conditions
vitamin D	The Effect of Sun Exposure and Sleep Duration on Vitamin D Levels in The Body and Their Relationship to Certain Immunological and Hematological Parameters
vitamin D3	Association between Vitamin D3 Deficiency and Depressive Symptoms Among Male and Female Students
Volleyball	The Effect of Reactive Motor Training on the Accuracy of Selected Fundamental Skills in Volleyball Players
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Waste glass	Sustainable Epoxy Composite Coatings from Recycled PET and Waste Glass for Enhanced Interfacial Performance
Waste heat	Economic Assessment of Mobile Thermal Energy Storage for Large Commercial Buildings: A Case Study in Lebanon
Waste heat recovery	Waste Heat Driven Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination System: Performance Enhancement via Air-to-Air Regeneration and Nanofluids Experimental Investigation of Air Nozzle Jet Impingement on Thermoelectric Generator Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery Physical Modeling of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials for Waste Heat Recovery in Sustainable Industrial Systems
waste materials	Developing Cementitious Concrete with Mixing Upcycling Face Mask Waste Result from the COVID-19 Pandemic Sustainability of Manufacturing Bricks by Using Waste Polystyrene with Cement Matrix Composite Materials
Waste valorization in concrete	Performance-Based Evaluation of Sustainable Concrete Incorporating Quarry Dust for Environmental and Thermal Benefits
Water surface	Monitoring Surface Water Dynamics of the Tigris River in Baghdad Using Multi-Spectral Indices and Remote Sensing (2015–2025)
wear coefficient	The Effect of the Particle Size and Type of Glass powder on Tribological Properties of (PMMA /glass) nanocomposites
Wear resistance	Microstructural, mechanical and tribological performance of Al–Si casting alloys via Aerosil 200 reinforcement
Weibull	Constructing wind ambient turbulence intensity map using GIS and Weibull Parameters
Weibull X Lindley	A Comparative Study of the New Weibull-X Lindley Distribution and Related Probability Distributions
Wettability alteration	Green Wettability Alteration Via Tea Leaf Extract for Sustainable Enhanced Oil Recovery
wheat straw	Comparative Performance between Various Composite Materials Used for Structural Applications
Williamson-Hall	Investigating of the Size–Strain Relationship of Ni1-xCuxO Nanoparticles by Using Williamson -Hall Analysis
wind	Constructing wind ambient turbulence intensity map using GIS and Weibull Parameters
wind action	Experimental Modeling of Wind Impacts on Long-Span Bridges: Aerodynamic Instability and Shape Optimization
Wind energy	A Remote Sensing and MCDM- AHP Based Spatial Decision Support Model for Wind Farm Projects in Southern Iraq Machine Learning for Sustainable Wind Energy: A Comparative Study of Models for Predicting Front Bearing Temperature as a Gearbox Failure Precursor
wind turbine	Constructing wind ambient turbulence intensity map using GIS and Weibull Parameters
wind-tunnel	Experimental Modeling of Wind Impacts on Long-Span Bridges: Aerodynamic Instability and Shape Optimization
Wnt5a	Significance of Brain Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure Stages Relevant with Kidney Disease
wrist joint ligament tear	The effect of rehabilitative exercises with ultrasound in relieving pain and improving the wrist joint of injured fencing players
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X Lindley	A Comparative Study of the New Weibull-X Lindley Distribution and Related Probability Distributions
X-ray diffraction	Investigating of the Size–Strain Relationship of Ni1-xCuxO Nanoparticles by Using Williamson -Hall Analysis Influence of Processing Parameters on Bi₂Sr₂Ca2Cu3O10₊δ Morphological and Superconducting Manufacturing and studying the structural properties and energy levels of Te₆₀₋ₓSe₄₀₊ₓ alloys
XRD	The synergistic effect of green-processed, cold-plasma-Activated Moringa nanoparticles with Laser-Prepared Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial structural and optical characteristics of undoped and Ni-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles by Chemical Bath Deposition method Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Characteristics of Cu2SnS3 Thin Films Application Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, Size-Strain Plot, and Halder-Wagner to Calculation Crystal Size and Micro strain of 〖Hg〗_(1-x ) 〖Al〗_x 〖Ba〗_2 〖Ca〗_2 〖Cu〗_3 O_(8+δ)Compound
XRF	Phyto - Synthesis of Metal Oxide in DBD Plasma for Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas Antimicrobial
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Youn’s modulus	Effect of silicon carbide Nano powder on the mechanical and thermal properties of unsaturated polyester composites used in marine applications
Youth Athletes	The Effect of Reactive Motor Training on the Accuracy of Selected Fundamental Skills in Volleyball Players
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z-scan	Preparation and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Plants Under CW Laser Illumination
Zinc	Biochemical and Hematological Disturbances in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Anemia: A Case-Control Study Study on the Influence of Metal Additives on Zn Plasma Properties Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Zinc oxide	Gas Sensor Performance of ZnO/NiO Nanocomposites via Spin Coating Technique: Effect of NiO Concentration
Zinc oxide nanoparticles	Investigation of Structural, Optical and Morphological Properties of the ZnO/PMMA Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Water Treatment Electrospun PMMA/ZnO Nanocomposite Fibers for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Ziziphus spina-christi	Flavonoid Extracts from Ziziphus spina-christi Leaves as an Antibiofilm Agent of Bacterial Isolates from Burns and Wounds
ZnO	Effect of ZnO Nanoparticle Reinforcement on the Structural, Optical and Mechanical Properties of PCL/PEO Composite Films Improved optoelectronic characteristics of ZnO-based thin film coatings for optoelectronic applications
ZnO nanoparticles	Modification the properties of PVA Composite Films for Eco-Friendly Packaging Application
ZnS	Study The Effect of Acceptor State on The Charge Transport Process At Solar Cell

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