ABSTRACT. Analysis of accidents and failures of bridges in recent years, conducted by various authors, shows that wind and underestimation of wind effects are one of the reasons for accidents and catastrophes of bridge structures. To assign wind loads and verify the aerodynamic stability of long-span bridges, building codes in different countries require testing in wind tunnels as the most reliable method. Modern research in the field of experimental modeling of bridge aerodynamics is aimed at developing more accurate modeling methods and advanced methods for assessing the aerodynamic stability of bridges. One of the main modern methods of combating aerodynamic instability of bridges is the use of fairings. There are many modern works aimed at finding the optimal shape of fairings. The purpose of this work is to improve methods for experimental modeling of wind effects on long-span bridges in wind tunnels, as well as to continue work in the search for improved fairing designs for bridges. The work considers a bridge with a span of 254 m. Experimental studies of the selected bridge were carried out in the wind tunnel of the National Research University MGSU. Static and dynamic tests were carried out on the truncated model to assess wind effects. The methods of sawn tests are given. The phenomenon of aeroelastic instability—vortex excitation—is revealed. Based on the results of the study of the aerodynamic stability of the span, it was proposed to provide fairings. Test results are presented for three variants of fairings: a triangle with a rounded edge, an extended cornice, and an extended cornice with a sawtooth edge. A fairing in the form of a triangle with a rounded edge shows greater efficiency in combating aerodynamic instability: it can significantly reduce the amplitude of forced vibrations of the span during vortex excitation, while the fairing options of an extended cornice and an extended cornice with a sawtooth edge did not have a significant effect on the amplitude of vibrations.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that affects people who have low immunity, particularly those at burn or wound infections and those in intensive care units. A total of 100 specimens were taken from people with burn and wound infections from emergency rooms of hospitals in Baghdad, including Al-Imamain Al-Kadhimain Medical City, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Al-Kindy Hospital, Specialized Burns Hospital, Paediatric Protection Teaching Hospital, Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital for Specialized Surgery. All patients collected samples were of both sexes and in many different age brackets. Specimens collected from August 1 to November 1, 2025 included 30 A. baumannii isolates; 17 isolates (32.07%) of burn infection and 13 (27.65%) of wound. Isolates were identified using the VITEK 2 Compact System and determined for antimicrobial susceptibility. A. baumannii positive isolates were tested for the ability to form biofilms and were found to be all biofilm positive. This shows a linkage between OmpA and CsuE genes with the bacterium's ability to form biofilms. All (100%) of the A. baumannii isolates from burn/wound infections were found to be able to produce biofilms. Molecular characterization of bacterial isolates was conducted using PCR, subsequently detecting OmpA and CsuE gene expressions in the biofilms produced by the biofilm-forming isolates. In the current work, OmpA was found in 80% of the A. baumannii isolates (100% of the biofilm-producing isolates), and CsuE was identified in 67% of isolates (all biofilm-producing isolates). The OmpA gene is vital for the survival of A. baumannii in the presence of antibiotics and serves as a mechanism of resistance to the antibiotic treatment of A. baumannii in the hospital environment. In addition, the CsuE gene aids biofilm production and provides a means to adhere to biotic and abiotic substances. Tryptanthrin significantly decreased the expression levels of both OmpA and CsuE genes through real-time PCR and down-regulated gene expression.

ABSTRACT. Cold plasma plays important role in many applications. Due to its simple usage and safe, plasma take apart in nanotechnology, plant activation, and antimicrobial agents. Using plasma in nanoparticles preparation nowadays spread widely. The main aim of the present paper is to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles by using DBD plasma technique via the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis. Sample of sage plant get from the market. The plant is imported from Jordan as dried leaves of Salvia officinalis. The plant cleaned, weighted and prepared as aqueous sage extract with certain concentrations of 10 %. The solution then exposed to dbd plasma with 3 KeV at time of exposure (10) minutes. The plant composition analyzed using XRF examination. The plant extract then affected by two types of bacteria. Iron oxide in the form of pellet with 1 cm diameter immersed in the extract and exposed to plasma. Then, the pellet removed and the solution investigated using analysis methods such as EDS, FESEM, UV VIS, FTIR and AFM methods. For antimicrobial process. The extract examined its effect on two types of bacterial one positive and the other negative which are Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas. Results show an excellent preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles after exposure to plasma. For the antimicrobial investigation, results show that there is good inhabitation for both types of bacteria. DBD plasma can be corresponding method for the preparation of nanoparticles as a sustainable, safe, ecofriendly and facile method.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: Zinc oxide-based ceramic varistor specimens were prepared, consisting of two types. The first type was doped with various transition metal oxides, while the second type included an additional of 1 mol% of vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) in addition to those oxides. All samples were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method and sintered for two hours at temperatures of 950, 1000, and 1050 °C with a heating rate of 5℃⁄min . X-ray diffraction analysis sreveals thatzinc oxide forms the primary phase in the microstructure, with bismuth dioxide, spinel, and Zn₃(VO₄)₂ appearing as secondary phases. The main phase, which remains unchanged (hexagonal), persistseven after doping with oxides and vanadium oxide. The results also indicated that the addition of vanadium pentoxide reduced the lattice constants (a from 3.27122 to 3.25011Α ̇), and (c from 5.22823 to 5.20349 Α ̇ ), and the Lattice Volume (from 48.4512 to 47.6015 ((Α)) ̇^3). The electrical tests demonstrated that the doping process enhanced the nonlinear characteristics of the ZnO varistors, increasing both the nonlinear coefficient to be 47.833, and the potential gradient 8256.41V/cm, while reducing the leakage current density to 20 A/〖cm〗^2 .

ABSTRACT. In this work, the electric resistivity as a function of thickness for nanometallic Mo and Ir was studied. The thickness ranges from 5 to 140 nm for Mo and from 5 to 100 nm for Ir. The electric resistivity shows for both nanometallics a significant increase with decreasing thickness. The F-S and M-S models were applied to describe the electric resistivity for nanometallic Mo and Ir. The results exhibit the failure of the F-S model and the success of the M-S model in describing the size effect in nanometallic Mo and Ir, as the theoretical curves and experimental curves show a good agreement when the M-S model is applied. In addition, the results show that the background, surface, and grain boundary scattering contribute to the electric resistivity for nanometallic Mo and Ir. The values of surface scattering parameter p and grain boundary parameter scattering R of both nanometallics Mo and Ir were determined:p_Mo = 0.37,p_Ir = 0.18, R_Mo = 0.058, andR_Ir = 0.06.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: There has been an increase in the use of different nutritional supplements among adults in the past few years, prompted by worries about insufficient nutritional intake or a history of particular diseases. Although supplements can be beneficial in addressing nutritional deficiencies and enhancing growth and immune system function, improper or excessive consumption may lead to adverse health effects. Therefore, supplements should be provided to adults based on clinical evaluation and evidence-based guidelines. This study aims to ascertain heavy metal levels and determine the radiological risks associated with the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy to analyze heavy metals in samples of dietary supplements. The study analyzed about 15 samples collected from pharmacies and medical stores in Iraq. When results showed that the average concentrations that were measured for each of (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr and Cd) were (0.247±0.024 ppm), (3.024±0.143ppm), (0.656±0.039ppm), (0.0651±0.0043) and (0.453±0.022ppm), respectively. Regarding the hazard quotient (HQ) ×10-5 for supplements alone, the highest mean was for Cd (110.4±6.1)., while the lowest mean was for Fe (0.0841±0.008). Regarding the Carcinogenic total risk×10-6 assessment, the value was an average of (7.06 ±0.36). All measurement results were below the reference levels set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for heavy metals, except cadmium. Therefore, they confirm that the dietary supplements available in pharmacies are safe for use, but with extreme caution, provided that medical advice is followed. These results provide conclusive scientific evidence for consumers and regulatory bodies to assess the safety of dietary supplements in the Iraqi market and to exercise caution when using them, Although all available results were within internationally accepted limits, except cadmium concentration, it can be concluded that these available dietary supplements pose a significant risk to adults when used unless their use is discontinued continuously, as their long-term effects are slow to develop and ultimately lead to serious long-term illnesses when they accumulate.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: Oxidative and nitrosative stress play major roles in leukemia development and progression through the disruption of cellular redox homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate selected oxidative stress biomarkers, including nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), protein carbonyls, and thiol groups, in leukemia patients compared with healthy controls. A total of 107 leukemia patients and 65 controls were enrolled. Serum analysis revealed a significant elevation in NO (148.11 ± 19.33 vs. 41.15 ± 6.75 nmol/mL), ONOO⁻ (4.9 ± 1.02 vs. 1.29 ± 0.2 μmol/L), IMA (0.631 ± 0.134 vs. 0.15 ± 0.032 AU), and carbonyl levels (90.36 ± 12.93 vs. 35.65 ± 10.04 nmol/L) in patients compared with controls. Conversely, thiol levels were markedly decreased (321.9 ± 77.24 vs. 640.98 ± 128.94 μmol/L), indicating impaired antioxidant defense. Stratification by disease type showed that acute leukemia patients exhibited the highest NO, ONOO⁻, and IMA levels, reflecting a more severe oxidative shift relative to chronic cases. Age-based comparisons revealed elevated oxidative markers in AML patients (G2 group), while sex-based analysis showed similar oxidative patterns in males and females. The combined elevation of oxidant biomarkers with depletion of thiols strongly supports a state of excessive oxidative stress in leukemia. These findings highlight the diagnostic and prognostic significance of redox biomarkers and support their potential use as complementary indicators for disease severity, clinical classification, and monitoring therapeutic response in leukemia

ABSTRACT. In this work, the efficiency of InD102-TiO2 solar cells was calculated and studied using a quantum transport methodology in a heterojunction device. The current-voltage (J_(In-T)-V)characteristics of the InD102-TiO2 solar cells were evaluated by solving the current density J_(In-T) equation using MATLAB software. The InD102-TiO2 cell reorganization energy was estimated using the radius, dielectric constant, and refractive index of InD102, TiO2, and ethanol, assuming alignment of energy levels at the interface. In general, the reorganization energy, bonding strength, and concentration play a crucial role in calculating the current density and overall performance of an InD102-TiO2 cell. Current and current density increase with increasing bonding strength and concentration. The highest efficiency of 5.443% was observed in a solar cell connected to InD102 with TiO2 at a concentration of 8×1018 cm-3 compared to the low efficiency of 2.578% at the low concentration of 4×1018 cm-3. The results indicate that higher concentrations improve efficiency.The InD102-TiO2 solar cell at a low concentration 4×〖10〗^18 cm^(-3) demonstrates a low open circuit voltage 0.767Vand short circuit current density 9.4876(mA/cm^2)with a low fill factor 0.354 and minimum efficiency 2.576 % under an optical density of 100 mW/cm2 at AM 1.5 comparing to maximum overall conversion efficiency 5.443 % at high carrier concentration of about 8×〖10〗^18 cm^(-3)show high open circuit voltage 0.781V and current density 17.2105(mA/cm^2) with a high fill factor 0.405 .

ABSTRACT. This study introduces a new concept in the field of fuzzy neutron-sophic topo-logy termed the fuzzy neutro-sophic-weakly Q*-closed set and fuzzy neutro-sophic-weakly generalized Q*-closed set , focusing on identifying and exploring a set of elements of critical importance in this area. The research paper also establishes and develops theoretical frameworks through new definitions and propositions. Furthermore, several illustrative examples are provided to clarify the relationships between this newly proposed concept and other existing topological sets, as well as to establish the connection between F ̂N ̂-weakly Q*-closed set and F ̂N ̂-weakly generalized Q*-closed set .

ABSTRACT. The photovoltaic properties and efficiency of ruthenium black dye-sensitive solar cells based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) were studied using a quantum charge transfer methodology.The JSc current density, Voc voltage, filling factor, and efficiency were calculated and analyzed using the coupling force, concentration, and reconfiguration energy of two solvents. The relationship between photovoltaic cell properties and overall energy conversion efficiency was explored, using two different electrode concentrations. Comparative analysis of the two concentration shows that the Rublack-TiO2 device employing concentration 35×〖10〗^17 cm^(-3) aexhibits approximately 1.06 times higher efficiency than the device for concentration 15×〖10〗^17 cm^(-3) .This improvement can be physically attributed to the lower charge recombination rate and the more favorable dielectric properties of the methyl alcohol compound, which reduces the energy barrier and enhances the bonding strength at the interface. Overall, the study confirms that the optimal efficiency of the Rublack-TiO2 device depends on high coupling strength and high concentration, as well as low transfer energy.

ABSTRACT. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main risks caused by Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which is considered one of the essential global metabolic disturbances. Although glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is widely used to assess long-term glycemic control, its utility in predicting cardiovascular complications remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of glycemic biomarkers in relation to cardiovascular involvement in patients with diabetes mellitus and to compare their performance with clinical disease indicators. In this cross-sectional analytical study, a total of 90 participants were enrolled and categorised into three equal groups: healthy control(n= 30), patients with diabetes mellitus without cardiovascular disease (DM, n = 30), and patients with diabetes mellitus with established cardiovascular disease (DM + CVD, n + 30). HbA1c (%) and random blood sugar (RBS, mg/Dl) were measured using a standardised laboratory method. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Person correlation analysis was applied to assess associations between biochemical markers and clinical disease status. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminative ability of glycemic and clinical predictors for cardiovascular complications. Significant differences in HbA1c levels were observed among the study groups(p<0.0001). Correlation analysis demonstrated no significant association between HbA1c levels and cardiovascular complications (p> 0.05). In contrast, a moderate positive correlation was identified between diabetes mellitus status and cardiovascular involvement (r = 0.674, p<0.001). ROC analysis documented the discriminative potential limitation of glycemic biomarkers, since HbA1c exhibited values approximately 0.5, which is under the AUC curve values. While clinical disease indicators displayed stronger predictive performance. The diabetes cases showed an AUC value of 0.78, and the combination of diabetes and cardiovascular disease showed an AUC of 0.85. In conclusion, glycemic biomarkers alone, particularly HbA1c, demonstrate limited utility in predicting cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Clinical disease severity and progression provide significantly greater predictive value and should be prioritised in cardiovascular risk assessment and clinical decision-making.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we will estimate the parameters for the Exponentiated Exponential Rayleigh by using classical methods which include: the first one is Ordinary Least Squares Estimation Method, the second one is the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method, and third one is Rank Set Sampling Estimation Method. To compare the results, the simulation technique is used for all the estimation methods. To find the parameters for Exponentiated Exponential Rayleigh Distribution we will use the mean squares error criterion, to compare which the best method has the lowest value. The results of the Simulation were found through the MATLAB program.

ABSTRACT. Inside framework present study, we introduce this novel lifetime distribution identified as the Shanker Rayleigh allocation that is derived by combining the survival functions of the classical Rayleigh and Shanker distributions, which have a scale parameter only. This hybrid model is developed to provide the extra modeling flexibility that is needed for complex lifetime and reliability data. Theoretical characteristics from the distribution (PDF, CDF, survival, and hazard frequency function) are derived in closed form. In addition, important distributional properties, namely the raw and central moments, moment generating function, and quantile function, are methodically examined.

ABSTRACT. In this research, the new distribution is being built depending on the Rayleigh - Weibull distribution which is called a new transmuted Rayleigh - Weibull distribution (TRWD). The distribution was built by adding the conversion parameter ß, | ß | ≤1. At first, the probability cumulative function and the possibility density function and hazard function and survival function were found by relying on the transformation rules, and the statistical characteristics of (TRWD) encompass median, mean, and moments of the origin. Consequence of studying the moments of the origin, found the difference and the first mean, skewness, kurtosis, also it will be found characteristics function, factorial generating function, mean time to failure, quantile function and the median. In addition to this, provide each of Renyi entropy measure and the order statistic property. The parameters of (TRWD) estimate by maximum probability assessment method, and hence of comparing the (TRWD) with other distributions by utilizing some statistical criteria for example the AIC, Hannan–Quinn criterion (HQIC), AICC, and BIC. The findings show us that new distribution is more flexible than continuous distributions compared to it because the value of the criteria for the (TRWD) is lower than other distributions.

ABSTRACT. This study introduces a MATLAB-based simulation platform equipped with a graphical user interface (GUI) for analyzing the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules through a single-diode modeling approach. The simulator automatically determines essential parameters, including the series and shunt resistances, using information extracted from the manufacturer’s datasheet. It allows users to visualize both current–voltage (I–V) and power–voltage (P–V) characteristics under standard test conditions (1000 W/m², 25 °C) and under varied temperature and irradiance levels. The developed tool provides a simplified and accurate method for examining PV behavior, enabling users to assess the influence of environmental factors on module performance. By combining mathematical modeling with a user-friendly interface, the system serves as an effective educational and research aid for understanding and predicting photovoltaic module operation.

ABSTRACT. Explosive power is a crucial factor in athletic performance due to its connection to the skill-based aspects required in every sport. Therefore, understanding it is essential for guiding research and plays a key role in improving shot put performance for short-statured athletes in category (F40). Biomechanical variables also contribute to shot put performance for short-statured athletes in category (F40) by helping coaches identify, diagnose, and compare technical and motor errors, their components, timing, and speed with the required performance to achieve optimal results. Thus, the importance of this research lies in the researchers' attempt to identify the relationship between the explosive power of the upper and lower limbs and certain biomechanical variables with shot put performance for short-statured athletes in category (F40). The research aims to: identify the explosive power of the upper and lower limbs in shot put performance for short-statured athletes in category (F40); identify certain biomechanical variables in shot put performance for short-statured athletes in category (F40); and establish the correlation between these factors. The study investigated the relationship between the explosive power of the upper and lower limbs and biomechanical variables in shot put performance among short-statured athletes (F40 category). A descriptive approach was used with ten short-statured athletes (F40 category) in shot put performance. Four physical tests and ten biomechanical variables were assessed, in addition to the shot-put performance test. After statistical analysis of the data, a set of conclusions and recommendations were drawn.

ABSTRACT. In recent years, the increasing demand for energy, along with rising concerns about climate change, has driven the search for sustainable energy solutions. Among these, biomass gasification emerged as a promising approach for producing heat and power. In Portugal, municipal solid waste exceeds the estimated amount proposed by the European Union as a target to reach climate neutrality, which leads to an increase of greenhouse gas emissions. This study employed Aspen Plus software to model a biomass integrated gasification combined cogeneration system for hydrogen production. It was found that when steam is used, the hydrogen molar fraction decreases as temperature rises and increases when moisture content increases. A comparison of four biomass types revealed that Portuguese municipal solid waste yields the highest hydrogen and methane molar fractions. Conversely, coffee husks produced the highest carbon dioxide molar fraction. Portuguese municipal solid waste exhibited the highest low calorific heat value and cold gas efficiency. An economical appraisal was also done for the usage of Portuguese municipal solid waste to verify the economic viability of the biomass integrated gasification plant.

ABSTRACT. The manuscript presents a biomechanical study analyzing the kinematic and kinetic indicators of an elite Iraqi Olympic weightlifter during the clean and jerk lift. The research focuses on evaluating barbell trajectory, displacement variables, and vertical force distribution on both sides of the body using motion analysis and force plate measurements. A descriptive analytical approach is adopted to extract key performance indicators, including relative heights, deviations of the barbell, and force production during different phases of the lift. The study aims to assess bilateral symmetry and identify potential differences between the right and left sides. The results indicate a high degree of symmetry in both kinematic and kinetic variables, with minor variations observed in specific phases such as the second pull and drop. These differences are interpreted as phase-dependent variations that do not significantly affect overall performance. The study proposes that the extracted values can serve as reference indicators for performance evaluation and training optimization in Olympic weightlifting.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. This research examined the electro-optical properties of inverted perovskite planar solar cells (iPSC), which have garnered considerable interest due to their facile fabrication processes and the stability of lead halide perovskite materials. These materials are recognized for their remarkable optoelectronic characteristics, positioning them as a promising platform for photovoltaic applications. The optical properties of Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) were initially analyzed. The findings demonstrate that decreasing the perovskite absorber thickness results in reduced absorbance, whereas increasing the thickness enhances absorbance; transmittance exhibits an inverse relationship. The electrical behavior of the ITO/PEDOT: PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/Au configuration was simulated using SCAPS-1D software. The study focused on the influence of varying the CH3NH3PbI3 layer thickness on key photovoltaic parameters, including short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Optimal results were obtained with a Perovskite layer thickness of 600 nm, yielding JSC = 22.75 mA/cm², V0C= 1.07 V, FF = 78%, and PCE of 18.98%. This investigation provides a foundational model for exploring the optoelectronic properties of Perovskite solar cells.

ABSTRACT. This research addresses the regeneration of type C social housing in Santiago de Chile, residences built with State subsidies between the late 1970s and early 2000s, with the aim of reducing the housing deficit. This typology, characterized by confined masonry blocks, is one of the most widespread forms of housing in the country, with over 75,000 units built in the Metropolitan Region under the “more with less” model, which prioritized quantity over quality. Over time, these housing complexes have exhibited deficiencies in thermal and acoustic insulation, overcrowding issues, insufficient space and ventilation, and health risks associated with materials like asbestos in the roofs of the blocks. The study focuses on the regeneration of this type of housing due to its high presence in the urban fabric of the city of Santiago, which amplifies the potential impact of an intervention. Improving the living conditions of these buildings would not only contribute to the quality of life of the numerous families, but it would also promote a more sustainable and inclusive urban environment, avoiding the demolition of these existing structures and opting for an update of their parameters and conditions. The project considered the inhabitants’ participation, and proposes a replicable intervention based on the implementation of a prefabricated modular external structure that allows for an expansion of the living area and improvement of thermal, lighting, and ventilation conditions, updating these buildings to current regulations. For the validation of the proposal, energy and environmental simulation tools were employed: DesignBuilder and THERM for thermal and transmittance analysis, Revit and Enscape for architectural modeling, solar simulation, and natural lighting. These software tools allowed for the quantification of improvements in environmental comfort and energy efficiency for the development of design strategies for the intervention. The proposal seeks to avoid total demolition and the permanent displacement of residents, strengthening the social fabric while improving tangible parameters of habitability, contributing to urban sustainability, focusing on public spaces of the complex. The architectural project presents a social and environmental focus, aimed at transforming existing buildings into more efficient and resilient spaces, contributing to the challenges of sustainable urban development.

ABSTRACT. The many useful and desirable properties of imide derivatives, often known as Schiff bases, have brought them widespread renown. Here, we synthesized and detailed the properties of AMMI, a novel imine derivative with enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. A combination of creatinine and 9-anthracencarboxaldehyde in ethanol was used to make the compound. Schiff bases (AMMI) were made with the aid of a few drops of glacial acetic acid. The following step was the synthesis of AMIO from Schiff bases using succinic anhydride. In order to verify the structures of the compounds we synthesized; we used a number of methods. Among these, you could find FTIR, 1H NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance), and 13C NMR (carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance). The antibacterial tests showed that AMIO was highly effective against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The inhibition zones were particularly large, measuring 30.25 ± 0.11 mm, when ciprofloxacin was added to the mix with AMIO. Keep in mind that compared to ciprofloxacin alone, AMIO was far better at killing germs. As soon as the MIC reached 25 µg/mL, biofilm formation ceased. We used the DPPH assay to check whether AMIO was an antioxidant as well as an antimicrobial. The results demonstrated that the chemical exhibited a scavenging rate of 85.0% at the maximum dose that was tested. Infections caused by bacteria may be amenable to treatment with AMIO, according to the findings. Many biomedical applications benefit from its biocompatibility and lack of cytotoxicity. Finding out how it kills germs and how to make more imide derivatives to construct medicines that function even better should be the focus of future study.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: This study examines the dual-site effects of indium substitution in two prominent families of high-temperature cuprate superconductors: mercury-based (HBCCO) and bismuth-based (BSCCO) systems. The compounds were fabricated using solid-state reaction and pulsed laser deposition techniques to elucidate how the same dopant, introduced at chemically distinct lattice sites (Hg-site and Bi-site), influences structural characteristics, surface morphology, and superconducting properties. A series of samples with controlled indium content (x = 0–0.20) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electrical resistivity measurements. The results indicate that indium substitution exerts a stabilizing effect in the HBCCO system, manifested by c-axis expansion, enhanced crystallographic orientation, and improved grain connectivity within an optimal doping range. Conversely, BSCCO exhibits a more complex response: low-to-moderate indium levels improve nanostructural uniformity, whereas higher concentrations induce secondary-phase formation and disrupt the layered crystal structure. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the impact of indium doping is strongly dependent on the host lattice, confirming that dopant behavior is not universal across cuprate superconductors. These findings provide valuable insight into dopant–layer interactions and offer a viable approach for tailoring film quality, enhancing flux pinning, and tuning the superconducting transition temperature in cuprates with different crystal architectures.

ABSTRACT. New sports technologies have highlighted the importance of perceptual – cognitive training in order to optimize performance in sports e.g., dynamic team sport such as basketball. Augmented motor reality AMR is a new training model based on realistic movement combined with interactive virtual cues that may be useful to enhance spatial orientation and decision making. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an AMR-based training program on spatial awareness and skill-based decision making in youth basketball players. Twenty-four male young basketball players aged 15.2 ± 0.8 years were randomized to the experimental group n = 12, receiving AMR training, and control group n = 12, performing conventional practice. The intervention was delivered over 8 weeks at three sessions per week. The participants’ spatial awareness and decision-making were tested pre- and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using paired and unpaired t-tests and effect sizes estimated. The experimental group demonstrated substantial improvements in spatial awareness and decision-making performance, with high effect sizes, as compared to small-effects changes of the control group. Post-test results demonstrated a statistically significant superiority of the experimental group in all significant test P <.001. AMR-based training is an effective strategy for boosting perceptual–cognitive and decision-making abilities among young basketball players and can be a useful tool for contemporary athlete development programs.

ABSTRACT. This work integrated natural powder materials into poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) reinforced with glass fibers to create hybrid composites suited for structural purposes. Natural fillers, sourced from agricultural waste, were included in minimal weight percentages to enhance the physical and mechanical qualities of the PMMA matrix. This experiment examined the effects of incorporating pineapple peel and wheat straw powders individually as natural additives on certain physical and mechanical properties of PMMA reinforced with 1% glass fibers (GF). The physical tests include density, water absorption, and porosity. The mechanical tests include tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness assessments. The findings indicated that the integration of glass fibers and natural powders into PMMA enhanced the majority of its physical and mechanical properties.

ABSTRACT. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films were prepared in four groups: neat PVA, PVA plasticized with glycerol, a ternary PVA/glycerol/acacia Senegal gel blend, and finally ZnO-reinforced nanocomposite films incorporating the blend at three nanoparticle loadings (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). The mechanical, water-related, and structural characteristics of the developed films were evaluated through tensile testing, water absorption, solubility, moisture content, and FTIR spectroscopy. The incorporation of glycerol and acacia Senegal enhanced the flexibility of the PVA matrix, as reflected by the increase in elongation at break, while simultaneously reducing stiffness and tensile strength. Upon the addition of ZnO nanoparticles, a clear reinforcement effect was observed: both Young’s modulus and tensile strength increased relative to the plasticized and blended films, confirming strong interfacial interactions and effective load transfer within the nanocomposite structure. Conversely, elongation at break decreased compared to the glycerol- and gel-containing films, yet remained within acceptable ranges for packaging applications. FTIR analysis verified the modification of hydrogen-bonding networks and carboxylate/carbonyl environments with ZnO addition, supporting the formation of a more interconnected polymeric network. Overall, the developed ZnO-based PVA biocomposites exhibited balanced mechanical and physicochemical properties suitable for biodegradable packaging applications.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of competition training on developing the achievement level of 400-meter running for advanced athletes. The researcher used the experimental method with one-group pre-post test design. The study sample consisted of 15 advanced runners who were purposively selected from the Iraqi national team players. The training program was applied for 8 weeks with three training sessions per week, and included competition training that simulates actual race conditions in terms of intensity, distance, and rest periods. The results showed statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurements in favor of the post measurement, where the average achievement time improved from 48.23 seconds to 46.78 seconds with a difference of 1.45 seconds. The study recommended the necessity of including competition training within training programs for 400-meter runners, and conducting similar studies on other distances and different age groups.

ABSTRACT. We used spatial phase-modulation (SSPM) and Z-scan techniques to look at the nonlinear optical properties (NLO) of natural dyes from different plants, like Iresine herbstii, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Euphorbia pulcherrima. We did this with different solvents (ethanol, Ethylen glycol, Dimethyl sulfoxide, and Dionized water) and input powers. The measurements were examined at a laser wavelength of 532 nm. The findings demonstrate that laser-induced wavefront distortion produced diffraction ring patterns, with the quantity of rings contingent upon the solvent type and the input power. There was also a significant difference in the nonlinear refractive index of the samples that were tested, which suggests that they might be good for all-photonic applications

ABSTRACT. This study investigates electrospun nanofibers based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and frankincense (Boswellia resin) for potential skin substitution applications. Pure PVA and PVA/frankincense blends were fabricated via electrospinning and characterized for fiber morphology, surface wettability, mechanical properties, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that pure PVA produced nanofibers with an average diameter of 187.1 ± 21 nm. The incorporation of frankincense increased the fiber diameter to 321 ± 33 nm. Contact angle measurements demonstrated that both pure PVA (30.76°) and the PVA/frankincense blend (30.42°) exhibited hydrophilic surfaces, ensuring consistent wound fluid absorption essential for skin substitute function. Tensile testing showed that the PVA/frankincense blend exhibited increased stiffness, with an E-modulus of 13.38 MPa compared to 8.20 MPa for pure PVA (63% increase), indicating hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA and frankincense components. However, tensile strength decreased from 0.970 MPa to 0.507 MPa (48% reduction), and elongation at break decreased from 51.00% to 44.20% (13% reduction), suggesting that frankincense reinforcement comes at the expense of ductility at this concentration. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus, a common wound pathogen, demonstrated that the PVA/frankincense blend exhibited significant antibacterial activity, while pure PVA showed limited or no activity. This antimicrobial effect is attributed to bioactive constituents of frankincense. The PVA/frankincense electrospun nanofiber mat combines hydrophilic surface properties, enhanced stiffness, and potent antibacterial activity, making it a promising candidate for skin substitution.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to examine the impact of Reactive Motor Training (RMT) on the precision of some fundamental volleyball abilities in youth players. A pre-test–post-test control group design was employed for the trial. The research population comprised (64) volleyball players aged 14 -16 years of which a sample of (48) player was extracted and categorized into a pilot group (n = 8) and a primary sample (n = 40). The primary sample was randomly allocated to an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The experimental group engaged in a systematic RMT program for eight weeks whereas the control group persisted with traditional training. The test of serve receiving, spiking (both cross-court and straight) and blocking was evaluated through standardized assessments. The result was examined utilizing descriptive statistics paired and independent t tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The findings of this study demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all evaluated skills for the experimental group (p < 0.05) with a large effect sizes indicating a considerable influence of the training program. The results of this study indicate that RMT is an effective method for strengthening skill accuracy by improving motor-perceptual synchronization and decision-making in dynamic environments.

ABSTRACT. Sustainability is one of the most important aspects considered in construction. The repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath have made recycling even more crucial due to the threat to ecosystems posed by the large amounts of waste generated. The influence of adding face mask waste microfibers MFs in concrete hardening and other properties was investigated. The investigation’s concluded statistics and analysis helped understand microstructure characteristics. Face masks were used by separating their layers, and then turned into microfibers MFs through milling. Polypropylene microfiber PPMFs were used for comparison. Four groups of samples were employed by combining the three types of MFs into concrete individually and mixed, as well as PPMFs. These MFs were integrated into concrete to replace varying percentages of cement powder and MF facemask waste in ratios of (2.5, 5, 7.5) wt%. The mixtures' physical and mechanical properties were tested, including workability, density, porosity, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength properties. The results showed that the presence of microfibers significantly enhanced the early strength and density of the concrete. The highest improved values of compressive strength were 18.36 %, and of density 6.47 %, obtained using 5 wt% mixed MFs for all aging (7, 28, and 90) days. The addition of a face mask MFs makes waste useful in an eco-friendly hardening process.

ABSTRACT. This study aims to propose an integrated vision for enhancing the sports management system through the adoption and application of advanced cybersecurity technologies. The study employed a descriptive-analytical methodology, collecting data via a quantitative questionnaire and in-depth qualitative interviews with a sample of administrators and experts in the sports sector. The results revealed a serious gap between the high level of concern about cyber threats (such as theft of financial and player data) and severe weakness in both basic knowledge awareness and preventive practices. Therefore, the study proposes a three-dimensional vision comprising: (1) a package of specialized technologies and software for each sports administrative domain, (2) a practical information security standard framework based on global best practices, and (3) a strategic timeline for implementation. The study concludes that integrating these dimensions would secure the vital digital assets of the sports institution, enhance the efficiency of its overall management system, and protect its reputation in the digital age.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. Decarbonizing ocean-going vessels is critical to achieving international shipping climate targets. This study evaluates the regulatory performance of alternative marine fuels—liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and methanol (MeOH)—for a representative tanker vessel, using the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) as metrics. EEXI and CII are calculated for conventional fuel operation and for each alternative fuel scenario, with a long-term CII assessment. Results indicate that LNG provides the largest compliance margin under both EEXI and CII, achieving sustained A-level operational ratings. Compared to conventional fuel, LNG reduced the attained EEXI by 28% and the CII by 25%, achieving an A rating in 2024; LPG reduced EEXI by 16% and CII by 12% (B rating); MeOH reduced EEXI by 10% and CII by 6% (C rating). Long-term projections to 2030 indicate LNG maintains strong compliance under progressively tightening limits, while LPG and MeOH provide moderate improvements, and conventional fuel becomes increasingly non-compliant. These results demonstrate that fuel choice significantly impacts regulatory compliance, offering actionable guidance for short- and medium-term decarbonization strategies under IMO regulations.

ABSTRACT. Sustainable alternatives to natural river sand are increasingly required in concrete production. This study examines the mechanical, durability and thermal performance of concrete incorporating crushed limestone quarry dust (QD) as a partial sand replacement (0–50%). All mixes were designed with a constant water-to-cement ratio of 0.46 and a high-range water-reducing admixture to maintain workability. QD concretes achieved 28-day compressive strengths of 47–54 MPa, with optimal performance at 20–30% replacement. Water absorption decreased significantly, while thermal conductivity was reduced by nearly 30%, indicating improved durability and insulation. The results demonstrate that crushed limestone QD is a viable and sustainable fine aggregate for high-performance concrete.

ABSTRACT. The operating principle of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) depends on the type and concentration of the dye used, in addition to other factors. To improve and study the energy conversion efficiency of this type of solar cell, all factors affecting its characteristics were stabilized, with a focus on varying the dye concentration due to its significant impact on the solar cell's properties. An ITO/Eosin Y/ZnO/ITO dye cell was prepared using Eosin Y dye at different concentrations (2, 4, and 6 mM). FE-Scanning electron microscopy FE-SEM revealed a nanostructured layer of chemically prepared ZnO deposited by the bar-coating method on an ITO substrate. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis of Eosin Y showed distinct absorption peaks at 525 nm. J-V curves analysis of the prepared solar cell demonstrated that its efficiency increases with increasing Eosin Y dye concentration, reaching its highest value of 0.568 at 6 mM concentration.

ABSTRACT. Tugboats play a crucial role in the maritime industry by providing towing and maneuvering services, especially in confined harbor environments. At the Port of Aden, the tugboat Wadi Hassan has experienced persistent issues related to elevated low-water temperatures in its port-side main engine. This study investigates the root causes of these thermal anomalies, with a focus on the impact of marine biofouling and potential failures in the cathodic protection system. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using operational data, inspection reports, and a comparative assessment of the port and starboard engines. The findings reveal that the ineffective cathodic protection system led to extensive marine fouling on the heat exchanger surfaces, compromising the engine’s cooling performance. Existing maintenance and protection strategies were evaluated and found to be insufficient in preventing biofouling under the harsh marine conditions of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrated mitigation plan to enhance marine energy systems. Key recommendations include upgrading cathodic protection mechanisms, applying advanced anti-fouling coatings, incorporating real-time monitoring systems, and optimizing maintenance schedules. Implementation of these measures is expected to enhance engine reliability, reduce unplanned downtime, lower maintenance costs, and extend the operational lifespan of critical systems.

ABSTRACT. A Newtonian telescope is one of the most widely used reflecting telescopes by both researchers and amateur astronomers. The comparative analysis of the effect of focal ratio in the fixed-diameter Newtonian telescope is still limited using multiple performance indicators. In this paper, a computer ray-tracing simulation was performed using Optics Software for Layout and Optimization (OSLO) to design the Newtonian telescope system with four focal ratios (f/4, f/6, f/8, and f/10) in case of the rays is an on-axis. The modulation transfers function (MTF), point spread function (PSF), and diffraction encircled energy (EE) was adopted as criteria to evaluate the optical performance for system. Finally, the results showed that the best focal ratio of image quality and overall telescope performance was found at f/4. As well as the findings revealed that system with smaller focal ratio exhibit a higher cutoff frequency, a smaller PSF, and a greater concentration of encircled energy. While the angular resolution remains constant due to the fixed aperture diameter.

ABSTRACT. This experimental study investigates a passive aerodynamic strategy to enhance the performance of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) in waste heat recovery (WHR) applications. The primary limitation of air-based TEG systems is the high thermal resistance at the hot-side interface, which restricts the heat flux and suppresses electrical output. To address this, a converging air nozzle was proposed to accelerate the hot air stream, creating a high-velocity impinging jet that disrupts the thermal boundary layer. The experimental framework examined the influence of nozzle geometry (exit diameters of 20, 30, and 35 mm) and nozzle-to-surface distance (Z = 5, 10, 20 mm) on the electrical power, thermal gradient (ΔTTEG), and convective heat transfer coefficient (h) across a temperature range of 60 to 185°C. The results demonstrate that aerodynamic focusing significantly enhances system performance. The 20 mm nozzle was identified as the optimal geometry, as its high-momentum jet maximized the convective heat transfer coefficient (h). Furthermore, minimizing the impingement distance to Z = 5 mm was found to be critical, as it allowed the jet’s "potential core" to strike the surface before dissipating. Under these optimal conditions (20 mm nozzle at Z = 5 mm), the system achieved a peak power output of 0.359 W at 185°C, representing a 163.8% enhancement compared to the baseline free-stream configuration. This electrical gain was driven by a 230% increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient (reaching 928.5 W/m2. K). A non-dimensional analysis (Nu vs. Re) confirmed that this optimal configuration operates in a stable turbulent regime (Nu ∝Re0.89), whereas other geometries exhibited flow instability. This study concludes that simple, geometrically optimized aerodynamic modifications can effectively overcome thermal resistance limitations, offering a low-cost pathway to high-efficiency waste heat recovery.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: Thin layers of copper antimony selenide (CuSbSe2) alloy were created in a vacuum. Thermal evaporation was used to form the films, which had a thickness of 500 ± 20 nm, on glass substrates at a rate of 1.911 nm/s under vacuum pressures ranging from 0.975 x 10⁻¹ Torr to 5.85 x 10⁻¹ Torr. The films' morphological, structural, and optical properties, which depend on the annealing temperature RT, and (423, 573) K for o.5 an hour, were investigated. The effect of annealing temperature on the structural and morphological properties of these films was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and AFM (Atomic force microscope), respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that crystallization occurred at (423, 573) K. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis further confirmed this. UV-Vis and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the optical features for all produced films in the 400–1000 nm wavelength range. CuSbSe2 films were found to have energy gaps of (1.2–1.4) eV, demonstrating their applicability as an absorbent material.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: This study investigates the influence of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, and superconducting properties of the high-temperature superconductor Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₈₊δ (Bi-222Jallal3) synthesized via the solid-state reaction method. Pure oxides and nitrates were mixed, calcined, and annealed at 650°C, 750°C, and 850°C in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. XRD analysis revealed that the Bi-2223 phase purity significantly increased with temperature, reaching 85% at 850°C, accompanied by the highest c/a ratio (6.9) and largest crystallite size (62.3 nm). Electrical measurements showed that the 850°C sample exhibited the highest onset critical temperature (113.8 K) and the narrowest transition width (ΔTc = 4.2 K), with optimal hole concentration (p = 0.1388). SEM observations confirmed improved grain connectivity and reduced porosity at higher temperatures. At the same time, AFM analysis demonstrated a decrease in surface roughness from 9.8 nm at 650°C to 3.2 nm at 850°C, indicating enhanced surface homogeneity. The results confirm that annealing at 850°C optimizes phase formation, crystallinity, and microstructural uniformity, thereby improving superconducting performance. This study highlights the critical role of thermal treatment in tailoring the physical properties of Bi-based superconductors, providing a clear pathway for achieving high phase purity and superior superconducting characteristics suitable for advanced technological applications

ABSTRACT. In this thesis, an experimental study was conducted to analyze heat transfer during the melting process of paraffin wax using a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The investigation was performed under two geometric configurations of the inner tube (concentric and eccentric) and two conditions (with fins and without fins). The experimental setup was constructed specifically for this study and consisted of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger filled with paraffin wax type (RT42), a water heater equipped with an electrical heating element, a water pump, connecting pipes, a volumetric flow rate meter, and temperature sensors installed at various locations within the system. The thermal energy storage unit was based on paraffin wax as a phase change material (PCM), utilizing a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with four different geometric arrangements: concentric unfinned, eccentric unfinned, concentric finned, and eccentric finned. Experiments were carried out at inlet water temperatures of 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C, and volumetric flow rates of 3, 7, and 10 L/min, for a total duration of 80 minutes. The results showed that at an inlet temperature of 80°C and a flow rate of 10 L/min, the melting fractions for the configurations (concentric unfinned, eccentric unfinned, eccentric finned, and concentric finned) were 48.2%, 67.5%, 98.5%, and 74.6%, respectively. The corresponding maximum stored energy values for the same order were 2216.88 kJ, 2412.96 kJ, 1844.2 kJ, and 1748.3 kJ, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that the eccentric positioning of the inner tube enhances natural convection currents due to density differences and buoyancy forces, leading to improved heat transfer and accelerated melting, particularly in the upper region of the enclosure. Additionally, the presence of fins significantly increased the heat transfer surface area and promoted a more uniform melting distribution around the tube.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: The paper represents an extensive research on the study of gamma-ray interaction parameters in ten different selected compound tissue-equivalent materials: Water (H₂O), Fat (C3H6), Lung (C2H7NO2), Brain (C2H3CI), Liver (C2H4O), Bone substitute (Al2Si2O9H4), breast cartilage PMMA (C5O2H8), muscles (C12H8O3S), Cortical bone (C2H2F2), Heart ( C5H40O15N) with the use of radioactive sources with the energy range between 122kv and 1332kv. The basic physical parameters are systematically examined and measured, and they include the linear attenuation coefficient (𝜇), the effective atomic number (Zeff ), the half-value layer (HVL) and the mean free path (MFP). These findings showed that the attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers all varied in a downward direction with the increase of photon energy, which was the manifestation of the domination of photoelectric effect to Compton scattering. The highest values of Zeff of kaolinite (Al2Si2O9H4) were observed over the entire range of the study, which is due to the existence of aluminum and silicon. C3H6, on the other hand, was characterized by the reported attenuation minimum, maximum HVL, and MFP values, which implies high penetrative power, whereas Al2Si2O9H4 appeared with the greatest attenuation performance at the high energy of 1.332 MeV. These results prove the possibility of using these materials to obtain a realistic simulation of human tissues of different densities and to create high-resolution human phantoms to calibrate medical imaging and compute dose in radiotherapy

ABSTRACT. Abstract. This study presents a comprehensive theoretical and numerical investigation of the effect of the undulator gap on the spectral tuning range of a free-electron laser (FEL). The undulator gap plays a critical role in determining the magnetic field strength, which directly influences the undulator parameter K and the resonant wavelength λr. A numerical model was developed using MATLAB R2023b to evaluate the impact of gap variation on key FEL parameters, including magnetic field strength, undulator parameter, resonant wavelength, and pulse duration. The analysis was performed for two electron beam energy regimes: a low-energy range (2–3 GeV) and a high-energy range (10–11 GeV), enabling a comparative study of soft and hard X-ray generation. The results demonstrate that increasing the undulator gap leads to a significant reduction in the magnetic field strength and the undulator parameter, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the resonant wavelength. Furthermore, it is shown that the dependence of K and B on the gap is independent of the electron beam energy, while the resulting wavelength strongly depends on the beam energy. The study also reveals that stable ultrashort pulses in the attosecond regime can be achieved near an optimal gap value of approximately 0.025 m for both energy regimes. The low-energy configuration enables stable soft X-ray generation, whereas the high-energy configuration extends the FEL operation into the hard X-ray region. These findings highlight the importance of combined control of undulator gap and electron beam energy for achieving wide spectral tunability and stable ultrafast pulse generation in modern FEL systems

ABSTRACT. A new AlSi12 composite alloy was developed by incorporating 2 wt.% Aerosil 200 as a reinforcing additive via stir casting. In comparison with the base Al-Si alloy, microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy and DRX revealed that adding ceramic particles refined the aluminum matrix, and changed the eutectic silicon morphology with much more homogeneous distribution of intermetallic particles within the matrix. As a result, a slight improve in mechanical properties was detected by the increase of tensile strength by 11% and micro hardness by 30% compared to the base A-S12 alloy. The effect of the incorporation on the tribological properties are tested using a pin-on-disc. The composite also exhibited better friction performance, attributed to the formation of a protective oxide layer on the contact surfaces. However, with different applied loads, a decrease in wear resistance was observed, which can be attributed to the non-homogenous distribution of the Aerosil 200 particles. The wear mode changed with increase in the applied load.

ABSTRACT. In this article, we investigate the fixed-point results in Fuzzy Banach spaces by introducing new forms of contraction operators. Unlike previous studies that relied on auxiliary functions such as α,φ and ψ our approach is based on the fuzzy exponential function and three distinct contraction schemes, numerical-relative contraction gradient-dependent contraction and constrained contraction. We prove original theorems that establish the existence and uniqueness of fixed points under these conditions, supported by iterative arguments and convergence analysis. These results extend the classical Banach, contraction principle to fuzziness and provide a more flexible framework for handling, uncertainty in functional analysis. These results not only enrich the theoretical foundations of fuzzy fixed-point theory, but also point to potential applications in fuzzy differential equations nonlinear models, and stability problems in complex systems.

ABSTRACT. Humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination is a promising technology for producing freshwater using low-grade thermal energy. However, its performance is often limited by inefficient heat utilization and heat transfer processes. This study investigates the performance enhancement of a water-heated HDH system by integrating air regeneration and CuO nanofluids. Three configurations were analysed: a baseline system without regeneration, a regenerative configuration, and a regenerative configuration employing CuO nanofluids with a nanoparticle volume fraction of ϕ = 0.5%. The system performance was evaluated under varying heat input conditions using key indicators, including the gained output ratio (GOR), freshwater production rate, seawater outlet temperature, and recovery ratio. The results show that air regeneration significantly improves thermodynamic performance by recovering thermal energy from the humid air stream and reusing it within the cycle, resulting in a GOR increase of approximately 64.4% compared with the baseline configuration. The addition of CuO nanofluids further enhances heat transfer, leading to an additional GOR improvement of about 8.11%. Overall, the combined implementation of regeneration and nanofluids yields a total GOR improvement of approximately 77.7%, demonstrating an effective approach for enhancing HDH desalination performance using low-grade heat sources.

ABSTRACT. In this work, nickel oxide nanoparticles doped with copper (Cu) (Ni₁₋ₓCuₓO, x=0.0,0.1) were prepared using a sol-gel method to investigate the effect of the acid used in the preparation and the copper doping process on the structural properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the prepared samples possess a face-centred cubic (fcc) crystal structure, with a slight increase in the lattice constant of the doped sample due to the replacement of nickel ions with larger copper ions. The Scherrer-Williamson-Hall (UDM, USDM, and UDEDM) models and the stress-volume curve (SSP) method were used to calculate crystallite size and internal stress. The results showed an inverse relationship between crystallite size and stress magnitude, with smaller samples (such as the sample prepared with vinegar) recording higher values of stress and stored energy. The UDEDM model demonstrated greater accuracy in estimating stress and elastic energy, while the SSP model results were closer to direct scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) measurements. The research validates that the mechanical and chemical characteristics of nanomaterials can be tailored by manipulating grain size and internal stress, thereby improving their efficacy in applications like sensors and catalysis.

ABSTRACT. This study presents a MATLAB-based implementation of Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) for enhancing silicon solar cell efficiency through systematic optimization of plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) parameters. The algorithm optimizes three key design variables—nanoparticle size (20–100 nm), surface concentration (1×10¹⁰ to 5×10¹⁰ particles/cm²), and surface coverage (5–35%)—for both gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. An empirical enhancement model, incorporating light-trapping and scattering efficiency terms, is combined with a cost penalty function to form a composite fitness objective. Simulation results indicate that silver nanoparticles achieve a peak cell efficiency of 23.45%, compared to 22.15% for gold and 19.17% for the reference cell, corresponding to absolute efficiency improvements of 4.28 and 2.98 percentage points, respectively. Cost analysis shows that silver is significantly more economical, with an estimated material cost of approximately 0.08 ¢/cell compared to 0.35 ¢/cell for gold. The BFO algorithm identified optimal parameters of 45 nm size, 3.2×10¹⁰ particles/cm² concentration, and 22% surface coverage for silver, and 65 nm, 2.5×10¹⁰ particles/cm², and 18% coverage for gold. These results suggest that silver nanoparticles offer a more favorable performance-to-cost trade-off under the modeled conditions. The framework and its assumptions are discussed in detail, along with directions for future experimental validation.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: In vacuum, on glass substrates thin films of a copper-antimony sulfide (CuSbS2) alloy were created. The films, with a thickness of 500 ± 20 nm, were deposited using thermal evaporation under vacuum pressures ranging from 2.1 x 10⁻⁵ mbr to 9 x 10⁻⁵ mbr at a deposition rate of 1.552 nm/s. The optical, structural, and morphological characteristics of the films. which depend on the temperature as annealing RT and (423, 573) K for half an hour, were investigated. The effect of annealing temperature on the structural and morphological properties of these films was examined using (XRD) and scanning (AFM), respectively. (XRD) confirm that crystallization occurred at 573K. Atomic scanning microscopy (AFM) analysis further confirmed this. The optical properties of all prepared films were observed within (400–1000) nm wavelength range using UV-Vis and near-infrared spectroscopy. Energy gaps of (1.8–1.5) eV were obtained for the CuSbS2 films, indicating their suitability as an absorbent material.

ABSTRACT. Abstract MATLAB programs were used to calculate and verify the dependence of the main perturbation factors (atmospheric drag, non-spherical-harmonic gravitational, and third-body attraction, including the Sun and the Moon) on the orbital elements' behavior for satellites. In this simulation, the Cowell acceleration method was adopted. The equation of motion was solved using a 4th-order Rung-Kutta method to obtain the state vectors for position and velocity. The results were compared with data that was available on TLEs (NORD data in two-line elements). The results of state vectors (S.V) for selected satellites series (Landsat-9, Spot-7 Cartosat-3, and Gsat-18), these satellites are used in sustainability applications (remote sensing, climate monitoring, environmental tracking). Demonstrate good correlation; these results led us to extend our study to include the orbital behavior of selected satellites over thirty days. With the effect of all types of perturbations, compound and singularities, for the Landsat8 satellite. The final results of the research showed that all six orbital elements are affected in varying degrees by perturbations of all kinds. While the perturbation of the non-spherical Earth is the largest influence, atmospheric drag has been significant over many periods.

ABSTRACT. . In this research, we will deal with the estimation of parameters of a Exponentiated Exponential Rayleigh distribution. based on Classical methods the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. Wind speed data were used to obtain confidence intervals for all parameters. Fuzzy numbers were then constructed using a trapezoidal membership function. Finally, a ‘Ranking function algorithm’ was used to transform the fuzzy numbers. Into trapezoidal numbers (sharp fuzzy) and applied to find the probability density function, survival function, hazard function, and cumulative distribution function. the results will be compared using the mean square error

ABSTRACT. This study studied the effect of heat treatment on the structural and optical properties of copper tin sulfide (Cu2SnS3) (CTS) thin film prepared by physical thermal evaporation. X-ray diffraction results displayed that increasing the temperature promotes films crystallization and growth of grain size, with an obvious structural phase shift towards stability. Concerning the optical properties, measurements revealed high absorptance in the visible range, with a regular decrease in the optical band gap as the annealing temperature improved. The study achieves that controlling the heat treatment is a key factor in improving the properties of CTS films and making them a promising for environmentally friendly solar cells applications and low-cost materials.

ABSTRACT. . Land desertification is one of the most formidable environmental problems worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid areas such as Iraq. This research examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of land cover, from 2015 to 2025, in the western portion of Karbala Governorate to determine the environmental impact of agricultural reclamation projects on desert sites. The study used multi-temporal Landsat 8 data to perform image processing. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was used to develop land use/land cover (LULC) maps, while NDVI and LST were derived from spectral and thermal imagery, respectively, to analyze vegetation dynamics and thermal properties of the surface. A significant change in land cover have occurred in Western Karbala due to reclamation projects such as Al-Saqi and Fadak. The area classified as desert decreased from 94.12% in 2015 to 71.93% in 2025, while the area classified as vegetated has increased significantly to 27.02% by 2025.Mean NDVI values showed an upward trend from 0.08 in 2015 to 0.19 in 2025, equating to a 137.5% increase in vegetation density. Conversely, mean LST displayed inter-annual fluctuation, ranging from 31.15 °C to 39.18 °C, with a modest tendency to stabilize toward the end of the study period.A stronger inverse relationship between NDVI and LST as shown by Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) increasing from -0.25 in 2015 to -0.82 in 2025, and the coefficient of determination (R2) increasing from 6% to 67%. Thus, the increased vegetation cover within the study site led to localized thermal mitigation; however, the dominant desert microclimate impacted regional surface temperatures. Overall, the study demonstrates the success of reclaimed agricultural lands to reduce desertification and enhance ecological conditions at the local level, while emphasizing the importance of sustainable land management practices to mitigate desertification in arid regions.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: This study investigates rare earth elements (REEs) in Iraqi crude oil using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as a rapid and sensitive analytical technique. Five crude oil samples from northern (Qayyarah, Jambur) and southern (North Rumaila, Majnoon, Zubair) fields were converted into solid residues and prepared as pellets for analysis. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 300 mJ, 8 ns) coupled with a high-resolution spectrometer (200–790 nm) was employed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze REEs (La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Pr, Tm, Sc, Y) alongside selected trace elements. The method exhibited high analytical reliability, with strong linearity (R² = 0.9871–0.9976), low detection limits (LOD = 0.003539–0.177656%), and good reproducibility (RSD = 1.045–5.862%). Quantitative results revealed clear geochemical variations between northern and southern oil fields, attributed to differences in source rock composition, depositional environment, and thermal maturity. Cerium showed the highest concentration (5.7556%) in the northern field, whereas neodymium reached its maximum (2.7706%) in the southern field. Northern samples were enriched in light REEs, while southern samples exhibited more complex distributions, including elevated Nd, Ce, and Y and a potential positive Eu anomaly. These findings highlight the effectiveness of REEs as geochemical proxies for oil fingerprinting and reservoir characterization. Overall, LIBS proves to be a rapid, accurate, and robust technique for multi-elemental analysis of crude oil, offering valuable applications in petroleum geochemistry and energy-related studies.

ABSTRACT. Infertility is strongly associated with increased body fat. Conventional measures such as body mass index (BMI) have limited accuracy in reflecting fat composition. Chemerin, an adipokine involved in inflammatory and metabolic pathways, has been linked to obesity-related infertility. In contrast, kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) are key hypothalamic neuropeptides essential for reproductive regulation. To evaluate serum levels of chemerin, kisspeptin, and neurokinin B in obese and non-obese infertile women compared with healthy fertile controls, and to assess their potential as predictive biomarkers of obesity-related infertility and insulin resistance. This case-control study was conducted between November 2024 and June 2025 at Kamal Al-Samari Hospital for Infertility and the University of Baghdad, College of Science for Women, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Laboratory, Baghdad, Iraq. A total of 150 women aged 30–40 years were categorized into three groups according to their BMI: 50 healthy fertile controls, 50 non-obese infertile women, and 50 obese infertile women. Serum chemerin, kisspeptin, and neurokinin B (NKB) levels were measured using ELISA, while LH, FSH, and testosterone were determined by ELFA. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, and insulin levels were assessed using standard biochemical methods. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and insulin resistance was estimated using HOMA-IR. Obese infertile women demonstrated significantly higher BMI, FBS, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, insulin, HOMA-IR, LH, and testosterone, alongside significantly lower HDL cholesterol and FSH compared with controls (p < 0.05). Chemerin levels were significantly elevated, whereas kisspeptin and NKB levels were markedly reduced in obese infertile women. ROC analysis indicated good predictive accuracy of these biomarkers for insulin resistance and infertility. In conclusion, elevated chemerin and reduced kisspeptin and neurokinin B levels may serve as promising non-invasive biomarkers for identifying obesity-related infertility and insulin resistance. Their assessment could support early diagnosis and personalized management strategies targeting both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction.