ABSTRACT. Abstract: This study evaluated the photocatalytic performance of pure PMMA, pure ZnO nanoparticles, and PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites for the degradation of methylene blue under solar and UV irradiation. PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites with different ZnO weight ratios (2.52–2.71 wt%) were successfully synthesized and characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses, which confirmed the effective incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into the PMMA matrix, forming stable phase-separated structures. Optical studies revealed that the nanocomposite with an optimal loading of approximately 2.71 wt% exhibited the highest absorbance and good dispersion stability, with optical bandgap values increasing from 2.6 to 3.24 eV as the ZnO content increased. Photocatalytic results showed that pure ZnO nanoparticles achieved the highest degradation efficiency of methylene blue (88.1%) with a rate constant of 0.035 min⁻¹ under solar irradiation, compared to 41% under UV light. In contrast, pure PMMA exhibited limited activity, while the PMMA/ZnO nanocomposite demonstrated stable and moderate photocatalytic performance, reaching 58% degradation under solar light with a rate constant of 0.014 min⁻¹. Overall, all samples showed superior performance under solar irradiation, highlighting the potential of PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites as sustainable photocatalytic materials for environmental remediation despite their lower activity compared to pure ZnO nanoparticles

ABSTRACT. The complex Q-fuzzy soft set (CQ-FSS) is a powerful and effective mathematical tool created by combining two previous concepts namely Q-fuzzy set and soft set under complex plane. In this article, we will apply this tool to algebraic structures, exploring some important definitions and theoretical frameworks surrounding complex Q-fuzzy soft groups, and highlighting the unique aspect of Q-fuzzy membership functions. Additionally, we examined several essential properties and basic attributes. We characterise Q-level soft sets of Q-fuzzy soft sets; that is consider a bridge between soft groups and Q-fuzzy soft groups. The concept of Q-fuzzy soft homomorphism is defined, and homomorphic images and preimages of a Q-fuzzy soft group are investigated. Furthermore, the Cartesian product of Q- fuzzy soft groups is proposed, and some relevant properties are explored. Moreover, we establish the notions of Q-fuzzy normal soft groups and Q-fuzzy soft cosets. Also, we seek several related structural characteristics and essential properties.

ABSTRACT. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) in forecasting the incidence of chickenpox cases using environmental data. The objective of this study is to determine whether the addition of environmental data improves the forecasting accuracy of machine learning models compared to models that rely on disease data only. The study focused on Hungary and its 20 counties over the period from 2005 to 2014. The machine learning models tested were the long short-term memory (LSTM) network and the random forest (RF) model. The environmental factors chosen were temperature and humidity, due to existing research linking them to chickenpox incidence. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, the inclusion of environmental variables did not improve forecasting accuracy. For both RF and LSTM, the addition of temperature and humidity data resulted in a marginal increase in forecasting error. This result suggests that the effect of environmental factors on disease spread is already encoded within the strong seasonal patterns of historical case data, such that machine learning models can detect that effect from disease data alone. The addition of environmental data therefore introduced information redundancy and noise rather than new predictive signal. The conclusion of this study is that while environmental factors exhibit a strong and measurable statistical relationship with chickenpox incidence, they do not enhance the predictive ability of machine learning models in this forecasting context.

ABSTRACT. A laser-active composite medium comprising polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Rhodamine B (RhB) dye, and metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) was successfully synthesized using a solution casting technique. PMMA was doped with various concentrations of RhB dye and colloidal nanoparticles, including Ag, Au, Au@Ag, and Ag@Au. Characterization was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and fluorescence analysis. The results demonstrate significant enhancement in optical properties due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), especially in PMMA/Au@Ag/RhB composites. Optimal optical amplification was achieved using a 532 nm Nd:YAG laser at 5 mW. This study highlights the potential of these nanocomposites for advanced random laser applications.

ABSTRACT. This paper deals with many facts about Hereditary rings. Simple modules which is not projective and it is injective over semiprimary ring imply that the ring R is Hereditary. On the other hand, we show that if any R-module M has torsion property with two properties semiprimary and semi simple rings this lead R is Hereditary ring. Also, we study Hereditary property by use Artinian and perfect rings. Finally, we present some remarks and new results of Hereditary and semi hereditary ring.

ABSTRACT. This work offers a structured exploration of indeterminacy ring theory with a focus on indeterminacy Group Rings, indeterminacy semi Group Rings, and Smarandache-type generalizations. The work formalizes the foundational definitions and algebraic properties underlying these structures, highlighting the role of indeterminacy in extending classical ring and group constructions. Illustrative examples demonstrate the existence of zero divisors, idempotents, units, and Indeterminacy analogues within these algebraic systems. The study also outlines criteria for embedding classical Group Rings as proper subsets of indeterminacy Group Rings, emphasizing the hierarchical nature of indeterminacy generalizations. By integrating recent advances in indeterminacy algebra, the paper provides a clear analytical basis for further investigation and for constructing new generalized algebraic structures.

ABSTRACT. Patients with normal cardiac function and renal impairment are known to have elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of BNP levels on the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in patients with renal dysfunction, as well as its impacts on the prognosis and survival rate in each of the four phases of the disease. Additionally, the impact of Wint5a in patients and controls was investigated. The study comprised 150 patients with renal failure who visited AL-Shaikh Zayed hospital (100 patients split into two groups and 50 controls). To separate the participants into groups with and without renal impairment, heart function was assessed. Additionally, their clinical courses, BNP levels, and other biochemical data were assessed. Patients with heart failure had a markedly elevated BNP level, which may serve as a diagnostic indicator. Patients with renal dysfunction had BNP levels that positively correlated with creatinine levels; 858.5 pg/mL was the essential BNP threshold for diagnosing heart failure. Patients with BNP levels over the critical point had a very low survival rate, hence this level was a good predictor of their prognosis. Because individuals with renal impairment may have a high concentration of BNP with heart failure, care should be exercised when interpreting BNP levels.

ABSTRACT. Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) refers to any level of glucose intolerance in a pregnant woman. Later in life, it might progress to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). GDM can have a variety of effects on both the mother and the child, and there are a number of risk factors. Clinical indicators that forecast pregnancy outcomes with GDM, however, were limited. Our goal was to assess a traditional and genetic risk prediction model for GDM. Objective: In order to evaluate a risk prediction model of GDM based on biochemical and immunological factors, this study integrated the most trustworthy evidence on the availability of biomarkers for assessing the increased likelihood of GDM among Iraqi women in 24 weeks of pregnancy and compared it with healthy pregnant women as a control group. Method: The study was conducted on a cohort with normal glycaemic control and used a case-control design; all pregnant women with GDM had been diagnosed with GDM during pregnancy. The study started with 100 participants, divided into 50 pregnant women with GDM and 50 pregnant women as a control group. The age range of the groups under study was between 30 and 40 years. At 24 weeks of pregnancy, blood samples were taken from both patients and control groups. We draw the conclusion that, when comparing patients and controls, chemerin, IL-6B, IL-1, PGF, and insulin levels increased significantly (p-value=0.041, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.023, respectively). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which affects many pregnant women due to fetal or maternal factors, may be predicted by chemerin, a novel biomarker. Chemerin is a novel biomarker that may predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which affects many pregnant women due to fatal or maternal factors. Elevation of chemerin is linked to the risk of GDM; however, the precise pathway involved in the pathophysiology of GDM is unclear and requires more extensive and prospective research.

ABSTRACT. Accurate and timely characterization of building materials is a fundamental pillar for enhancing quality control in the industrial sector. This study provides a physical and chemical evaluation of type of Iraqi cement (Kirkuk cement) using single-pulse laser-induced collapse spectroscopy (SP-LIBS). This approach introduces the use of a high-resolution spectrometer (CCD) covering a spectrum range of 200–800 nm with an optical resolution of 0.5 nm. The cement was stimulated by a passive Q-Switched solid-state laser (Nd:YAG) operating with a pulse duration of 10 ns and a base wavelength of 1064 nm to generate plasma. All spectra emitted by induced plasma were recorded by a spectrometer for analysis and completion of matching with atomic emission databases. The results showed that the (SP-LIBS) technology has the superior ability to determine the spectral footprint (Spectral Element) characteristic of each variety while identifying the main elements (Ca, Si, Fe, Al) and trace elements (Tarce Element) without the need for complex prior preparation procedures. From a physical perspective, accurate calculations of plasma parameters revealed both thermal and qualitative stability. The temperatures were recorded within the range (0.7 ev to 1.1 ev) and the electron density within the range (1015cm-1 – 1016 cm-1). This achieved the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition for all samples based on the McWhirter criterion (McWhirter Criterion), and the differences between the temperatures of the lasers were attributed to the spatial and temporal phenomenon characteristic of the interaction of lasers with complex solids. The study concluded that (LIBS) technology provides a sustainable, environmentally friendly, economical and high-speed diagnostic alternative to old chemical methods, which qualifies it for application in Iraqi factories for the purpose of quality

ABSTRACT. One important factor in assessing feldspar's potential as an additional cementitious mineral is its pozzolanic reactivity. This study investigates the chemical reactivity of feldspar from the Aïn barber region (Annaba province, Algeria). The structural and microstructural characterization of this mineral have also been studied, using x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To evaluate the pozzolanic reactivity of feldspar, compressive strength tests of mortar were carried out. the mortar specimens were prepared by partially replacing clinker with feldspar at different substitution ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%). the specimens were then tested after 2, 7, and 28 days of curing in water. The results indicated that the reactive silica content of 37% was found in a pozzolanic reactivity test based on chemical dissolution, indicating potential pozzolanic behavior. Moreover, the compressive strength values were comparable to those of Portland cement (OPC) for all substitution levels investigated, indicating that feldspar can be incorporated as a cementitious additive. An optimal replacement level of 15% feldspar was identified, providing improved performance while maintaining comparable mechanical properties.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: The main objective of this research is to observe the surface water area in Baghdad City using remote sensing data for the years 2015, and 2025. This research focuses on the Tigris River, the city's primary water source. Landsat satellite images were used to investigate changes in a water area over time and maybe place. Landsat images of Baghdad City for 2015, 2025 were processed using three indicators (NDWI, MNDWI, and WRI) to extract the water surface. To determine the optimal threshold for separating surface water from non-water land, land survey data and visual interpretation were correlated with indicator images. The threshold was selected as the most appropriate for extracting surface water. The study analyzed the correlation between climate change, water use, and dam construction that affected the area of the water surface. The results show that MNDWI is a more reliable indicator for calculating surface water area and its changes in Baghdad. Over the years 2015–2025, there was a consistent pattern in which water territory extraction occurred in diminishing-augmenting phases. The Tigris River area is decreasing., and further declined to 24.40 km² in 2015. In 2025, the lowest value was recorded at 22.27 km². This study showcases the opportunity of remote sensing technologies in developing countries, and it shows that high-quality, publicly accessible images can contribute to addressing the water crisis on the planet.

ABSTRACT. There has been a study to discover if flavonoids that have been taken from Ziziphus Spina-Christi leaves had the capacity to extract biofilms from multiple resistant strain Bacteria, isolated from Burn/Wound infection occurrences. The results showed all of the Bacterial species had varying Biofilm production capabilities. A partially purified Flavonoid extract also showed significant antibacterial activity and Biofilm inhibition, with different concentrations for each Bacterial isolate. The Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, were more sensitive to the extract than the Gram-negative bacteria. HPLC analysis of the extract revealed that it contained numerous bioactive flavonoids, including quercetin, rutin, luteolin, kaempferol, and apigenin, that have antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. These data support the notion that flavonoid compounds derived from the leaves of Z. spina-christi would make excellent candidates for either the development of new treatments or as adjuncts to existing therapies for treating biofilm-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, especially within the context of burn and wound healing.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: Sustainable water resource management includes inventorying, efficient use, and quality management. While attention is being paid to activities related to assessing water quantity, managing drainage, and planning all water resources, water quality assessment remains limited to specific locations. The Canadian Water Quality Information System (CWQI) and spatial analysis using inverse distance-weighted interpolation (IDW) have enabled the mapping of water quality indicators in marshes, particularly the Al-Masahab, Al-Salal, and Al-Shafi marshes. Ten sampling sites were used in January 2026, and the Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) was calculated for the variables of pH, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. This was done to assess water quality at the selected sites and determine their suitability for improved water resource monitoring and management. The patterns were clearly identified using the Inductively Widened Water (IDW) prediction method, as shown in the spatial distribution map. The results obtained from assessing water quality according to the Canadian index showed that the best water quality was obtained in Al-Shafi Marsh, while the worst water quality was in the Al-Musahhab Marsh area near the eastern Al-Hammar Marsh. As for Al-Salal Marsh, the water quality was good. As for the prediction results using the Arc Pro program, the predictive values for Al-Shafi Marsh ranged between (94.31-84.87), Al-Musahhab Marsh between (83.28-53.97), and Al-Salal Marsh water quality values ranged between (87.42-84.87). The study concluded that the water quality for Al-Shafi and Al-Salal Marshes was good and suitable for use, while Al-Musahhab Marsh was poor. To improve the overall water quality, the number of discharges to these areas should be increased, and wastewater treatment processes should be monitored before direct discharge into rivers, as these areas are very important for biodiversity and are part of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and World Heritage.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. The continuous development in the sports field has led experts and specialists to increasingly turn toward innovating modern training methods, particularly in the field of sports training, in order to target specific attributes and create a greater impact compared to traditional training methods. These methods are based on physiological principles and foundations, among which is the FST-7 method, considered one of the modern resistance training approaches. This method helps athletes overcome strength plateaus according to the principle of variation in rest intervals or repetitions. Such training enhances the muscle’s endurance capacity under fatigue conditions and contributes to improving the efficiency and strength of the tendons surrounding the joints. Therefore, this study aimed to design training sessions using the specialized F.S.T-7 method for advanced badminton players and to investigate its effect on certain physical variables and the smash skill among the study sample. The experimental approach was applied using a single experimental group with pre- and post-tests. The study was conducted on a sample of 6 players from Al-Athouri Badminton Club for the 2024–2025 sports season, selected deliberately. The study variables were divided into two sides: •Physical variables: maximum strength of the arm and leg muscles, speed-strength of the arm and leg muscles, muscular endurance of the arms. •Skill variable: forehand smash skill. The F.S.T-7 method was applied over two months, with three training units per week, replacing the regular strength-training units prescribed by the coach. After completing the training program, the researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: 1.The specialized F.S.T-7 method contributed to improving physical variables (maximum strength of arm and leg muscles, speed-strength of arm and leg muscles, and muscular endurance of the arms) as well as the accuracy of the forehand smash. 2.The specialized F.S.T-7 method improved maximum strength due to the mechanical stress applied on the muscles from heavy-weight training. Moreover, this specialized method is not only aimed at achieving muscle hypertrophy but is also an effective training approach for enhancing muscular development, strength, and power simultaneously, since it targets not only muscle fibers but also affects the fascia surrounding the muscle.

ABSTRACT. Polyaniline (PANI)/zirconium vanadate (Zr–V) hybrid nanomaterials were successfully synthesized via a sol–gel-assisted polymerization method. The resulting nanohybrid was characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. An optimal composition of 1 PANI:1.5 Zr–V was obtained using the first synthesis route. The nanohybrid exhibited a highly crystalline structure with a branched nanotubular morphology resembling cauliflower. An electrospun composite nanofiber matrix was fabricated by incorporating the optimized PANI/Zr–V nanocomposite into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The most prepared Nano-hybrid was characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. Electrospinning parameters, including flow rate, tip-to-collector distance, and applied voltage, were optimized to produce uniform nanofibers. The CO2 sensing performance of the composite nanofibers was evaluated as a function of temperature by measuring resistance changes across sputtered platinum electrodes. The nanofiber matrix exhibited a rapid and high sensing response to CO2, achieving maximum response time and recovery time of 22 s and 20-25 s respectively at 200 ℃.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: Elastic scattering of electrons from the argon atom is studied using the Dirac partial-wave method in a relativistic framework. The differential and total elastic cross sections are obtained by using the complex optical potential including the static, exchange, correlation, and polarization interactions. For the respective incident electron energies of 20, 50, 75, and 100 eV, the calculations are performed by the ELSEPA code. The angular distributions for the differential cross sections show pronounced interference structures, which depend heavily on contributions of multiple partial waves, especially at intermediate and backward scattering angles. The obtained results are systematically compared with available experimental measurements and recommended theoretical data from the NIST database. Overall, good agreement is observed across the considered energies, confirming the reliability of the employed relativistic optical potential. Minor deviations at specific angles and energies are attributed to the absence of an explicit absorption term in the present elastic scattering model.

ABSTRACT. Polyaniline (PANI)/zirconium vanadate (Zr–V) hybrid nanomaterials were successfully synthesized via a sol–gel-assisted polymerization method. The resulting nanohybrid was characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. An optimal composition of 1 PANI:1.5 Zr–V was obtained using the first synthesis route. The nanohybrid exhibited a highly crystalline structure with a branched nanotubular morphology resembling cauliflower. An electrospun composite nanofiber matrix was fabricated by incorporating the optimized PANI/Zr–V nanocomposite into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The most prepared Nano-hybrid was characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. Electrospinning parameters, including flow rate, tip-to-collector distance, and applied voltage, were optimized to produce uniform nanofibers. The CO2 sensing performance of the composite nanofibers was evaluated as a function of temperature by measuring resistance changes across sputtered platinum electrodes. The nanofiber matrix exhibited a rapid and high sensing response to CO2, achieving maximum response time and recovery time of 22 s and 20-25 s respectively at 200 ℃.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: The development of sustainable polymeric scaffolds with improved mechanical behavior and antimicrobial effectiveness remains a crucial question in biomedical engineering. Of this investigation, different pore scaffolds design was fabricated using a green-based resin by LCD-3D resin printing technique approach. Four scaffold designs with specific pore geometries (A1–A4) were designed to consistently investigate the effect of pore structural upon mechanical behaviour and biological interaction. Experimental mechanical testing, including compressive and tensile testing, was carried out and compared with finite element simulations. The results appeared that pore design strongly effect on stress distribution, deformation mechanisms, and structural stability of the printed samples. Among the examined designs, scaffold A4 exhibiting the maximum compressive and tensile strength in conjunction with resistance to deformation. The numerical simulations revealed strong contract with experimental results, verifying the reliability of the computational model in predicting the mechanical response of different porous structures. The physicochemical stability of the resin and its interaction with microorganisms confirmed with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used after exposure to active fungal cultures, including Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Candida tropicalis. The results demonstrate polymer have chemically stability after biological revelation. The antifungal behaviour was assessed by using inhibition zone assays method, where the resin exhibited determinable growth suppression in opposition to fungal strains. These findings emphasize the potential impact of sustainable green polymeric materials able to perform multiple functions application in structural systems, biomedical scaffolds, and environmentally receptive materials.

ABSTRACT. This study investigates the systematic influence of Lead (Pb) partial substitution on the phase formation, morphological, and superconducting properties of the Bi2-xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ with varying lead concentrations (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) system. Poly-crystalline samples with (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) were synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction method. Structural characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed an orthorhombic crystal structure, showing a coexistence of the low-Tc (Bi-2212) and high-Tc (Bi-2223) phases. Results demonstrate that Pb substitution acts as a catalyst for phase transformation, significantly increasing the volume fraction of the Bi-2223 phase to a maximum of 65% at x = 0.4. The lattice parameter c exhibited a notable expansion with increasing Pb content, attributed to the larger ionic radius of Pb+2 compared to Bi+3, which enhances the stacking regularity between superconducting layers. Morphological analysis via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) illustrated a transition from porous, randomly oriented flaky grains to a highly consolidated, dense micro-structure at optimal substitution levels (x = 0.4). This densification reduced inter-granular "weak links," thereby improving grain connectivity. Electrical resistivity measurements as a function of temperature indicated that the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) increases monotonically with Pb concentration up to x = 0.4, reaching a peak value of 140 K a significant enhancement of 40 K over the un-doped sample when (x=0.0) . The correlation between Tc, oxygen content , and hole concentration in the CuO2 planes was established, suggesting that Pb promotes optimal oxygenation and carrier density. After x = 0.4, a decline in Tc was observed, likely due to lattice distortions and charge ordering phenomena. These findings underscore the critical role of Pb in stabilizing the high-Tc phase and optimizing the transport properties for high-performance superconducting applications at liquid nitrogen temperatures.

ABSTRACT. Tea leaf extract (TLE) was used in this study as a potential environmentally friendly alternative for chemical-enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) applications. TLE capability as a natural wettability alteration agent was also evaluated. The extract was prepared using a simple aqueous extraction method and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, zeta potential, pH, density, and electrical conductivity measurements. Wettability alteration was investigated through contact angle measurements on oil-aged PMMA surfaces, while a microfluidic flooding experiment was also carried out to evaluate its oil recovery performance. The results showed that using TLE drastically altered wetness from oil-wet to water-wet by ~63%. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of polyphenolic compounds responsible for interfacial activity, which play a crucial role in enhancing the wetting properties and improving oil recovery in the process. Microfluidic flooding, a technique that uses small-scale fluid manipulation, gave an additional ~11% oil recovery after brine. Thus, these findings showed the potential of tea leaf extract as a sustainable and low-cost EOR agent.

ABSTRACT. Today, balancing global supply and demand for electrical energy has become a major challenge, which forcing researchers to find alternative solutions. In photovoltaic industry, the implementation of solar cells based on semiconductors made from plentiful and cheaper materials represents a possible solution to this dilemma. Alloys such as ZnSnxGe1-xN2 whose structural, optical and electronic properties provide very promising results for its use as an absorbent layer in a solar cell, where the lattice mismatch of ZnSnxGe1-xN2 on GaP as a substrate is only of small magnitude for low Sn content (0 < x ≤ 0.2), and thus, the reduction of Sn content by less than 20% induces a slight decrease in refractive index for almost along the visible spectrum, except for 0.380 μm ≤ λ ≤ 0.477 μm we note a tiny increase, as well as both extinction and absorption coefficients also undergo a significant increase well-nigh throughout the range of the visible spectrum. In addition, the bandgap increases from 2.856 to 3.236 eV at room temperature, and we note a slight increase in tensile strain of the epitaxial layer from 2.32 to 3.37% on the growth plane, while the compressive strain reduces from 17.14 to 16.39% following the growth direction.

ABSTRACT. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that usually does not cause infection in immunocompetent individuals, but can lead to severe disease in those with compromised immune systems. This organism is resistant to most antibiotic agents, and many clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa demonstrate multidrug resistance (MDR). In the present study, 150 clinical samples were obtained from various clinical sources in several hospitals located in Baghdad during the period of August through October of 2025. Identification of the isolates as P. aeruginosa was accomplished using morphological, microscopic, and biochemical assays, with confirmation of the isolate's identity via the VITEK2 system. Ultimately, there were 58 P. aeruginosa isolates successfully identified. The data from the current study indicate that burned patients had the greatest percentage of P. aeruginosa isolates (23; 39.66%), followed by infected wounds (16; 27.59%), ears (8; 13.79%), urine (7; 12.07%), and sputum (4; 6.90%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing performed on the P. aeruginosa isolates demonstrated that the greatest percent of isolates were resistant to the antibiotic agents piperacillin-tazobactam (86.2%), ceftazidime (75.9%), and ciprofloxacin (74.1%). Statistical evaluation revealed that ceftazidime-treated samples exhibited a significant decrease in gene expression for both pslA and pslD when compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05); however, no statistically significant difference was observed between the ceftazidime-treated samples and the control samples for pqsA expression (p > 0.05)

ABSTRACT. This research presents the results of a study on the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles ZnO and their effect on the properties and structure of PCL/PEO composite. Initially, a literature review was conducted, followed by a description of the experimental methodology used to fabricate PCL/PEO and PCL/PEO/ZnO composite films reinforced with different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (0, 5, 10, 15 wt%) at room temperature by using the casting method. The final step in obtaining the pure and reinforced samples was heat treatment. The prepared samples were characterized through physical tests, morphological, structural, and phase analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy FE-SEM and X-ray diffraction XRD, and optical measurements using UV-Vis spectroscopy in the 200–900 nm range, this test revealed that the samples exhibit an indirect allowed optical energy band gap Eg. Mechanical properties were evaluated using hardness testing, while the modulus elasticity calculations were based on the experimental Gent equation. The results showed that the introduction of nano ZnO increased the mechanical reinforcement of the PCL/PEO composite films, up to 10% wt., after which the properties appeared to deteriorate.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we present a novel category of fuzzy neutrosophic open sets within a fuzzy neutrosophic topological space (TN), which we designate as fuzzy neutrosophic h- open sets. We further explore the fuzzy neutrosophic topological properties linked to these sets, particularly focusing on the fuzzy neutrosophic h-interior and fuzzy neutrosophic h-closure, grounded in the framework of fuzzy neutrosophic h-open sets. Additionally, we define fuzzy neutrosophic h-continuous functions and examine their properties.

ABSTRACT. A potent tool for examining the volume of voids in polymers is Positronium Annihilation Life-Time Spectroscopy. In this work, we construct the positronium lifetime spectra in order to analyse the positronium annihilation lifetime spectra in pure polymers and in polymers with free volume.

A number of parameters influence the positron lifetime spectrum when it is generated. The temporal resolution function is the primary parameter that influences it (Gaussian function), background (random coincidence), lifetime, and its intensity. We examine the impact of these characteristics in this work. (R, τ_i,I_i and bg_i ) On the behavior and analysis of positronium lifetime spectrum, one Gaussian function and two lifetime component spectra are considered, and the effect of the components' weight on the Gaussian function. A computer program was designed to simulate the effect of these parameters on the positron lifetime spectrum. This software creates the temporal resolution function for one Gaussian and the positronium decay function for two components, convolves them, and overlays them with background (bg). Different values of the lifetime component for two components, τ1 and τ2, are convoluted with different values of the time resolution function (full width of half maximum) for the one-Gaussian component (FWHM1), where τ1 originated from annihilation of positronium in pure matter, and τ2 originated from annihilation of positronium in free volume. The effect of each of these components on positronium lifespan spectra has been demonstrated at varying intensities. In addition, the random coincidence (background (bg)) varied between 0.1% and 0.5%, with a 0.1% separation between them. We concluded that the spectrum of Gaussian component broadens the prompt curve and lead to difficult analysis as it increases with value, where the resolution of more than 300ns lead to difficult analysis, furthermore it deforms the spectrum also as the lifetime components and the its intensities increase, the spectrum approach ideal spectrum, this is help us to determine the defects in polymer, where the positron lifetime spectrum can be easily decomposed (analysed). We see that when the resolution function rises to 400 ns, the influence of the single component lifetime spectrum τ1 disappears, the effect of the second component (τ2) disappears when the resolution function rises to 500 ns, and the effect of the third component disappears when the resolution climbs to 500 ns. Additionally, as bg increased, the spectrum became skewed.

ABSTRACT. The theory of coupled coincidence fixed point considered enormously vigorous branch of sciences especially of non-linear analysis since it supplies effective instrument to confirm existence and uniqueness for various non-linear troubles emerging in the various branches of pure and applied sciences. Therefore, in this manuscript we are employing the conception of compatibility which is more general that of continuity to study and verify various new generalized results of coupled coincidence fixed point theorems in context of partially ordered D*-Complete metric spaces. Main outcomes which presented in this study related to various categories of these kinds of results for compatible maps having property of mixed G-Monotone which generalizes of property mixed monotone under influence some expanded contraction conditions. Major results in this manuscript which concerning of these kinds of coupled coincidence points are extending and improving of the different actual outcomes in the literature. Additionally, demonstrative example to highlight the superiority of our major outcomes has been prepared.

ABSTRACT. This study evaluates the theoretical limits of attosecond pulse generation in Free Electron Lasers (FELs) using the Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) scheme. Based on an analytical scaling model developed in MATLAB R2023b, we investigate the influence of electron beam energy (300–3500 MeV) on radiation characteristics in the hard X-ray regime. The results demonstrate a clear energy-dependent scaling, predicting a theoretical minimum pulse duration of 9.34 as at 0.42 nm under optimized coupling conditions. While this parametric analysis does not account for 3D collective effects or full FEL dynamics, it provides a consistent physical framework for understanding the energy scaling potential of EEHG systems for ultra-short pulse production

ABSTRACT. Abstract: The composites (pmma/glass) with weight percent Wt% of glass (0,1,3,5,7and 9) % has been prepared by casting method using ultrasonic waves. The glass waste powder of two types normal Soda Lime glass(N) and thermal Pyrex (borosilicate) glass (T) have been used as fillers, in micro and nano particles sizes. The glass was washed and drying then grinding by an inexpensive mechanical technique (High-Energy Ball dry Milling) method in range (231-21)nm. The structure of the glass powder (N & T) and pmma were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and compared with ICDD data base as well as SEM and EDX analysis. The density, Vickers hardness and tribology (mass wear rate, volume wear spechfic wear, wear cooficient and friction coefficient) properties have been studied for all samples as a function of the weight fractions ,type and particle size of glass powder. The results showed that the incresing of weight fractions of glass powder leads to improve the hadness and tribology propertiess for all the samples. In addition ,the best values were recorded at wt% of 9% for nano pyrex glass powder ,which was record resultes slightly more than it for nano normal glass powder compared with micro glass powders others . The results have shown that the friction coefficient of composites reinforced with nano -glass powder (N&T) at wt. =9% decrease with increasing applied load due to self-lubrication by incorporating lubricants without external lubrication.These results show the active role of nano glass powder as fillers in polymers to be suitable for tribological applications in medicin and industry.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. The increasing accumulation of plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), presents both environmental and materials-engineering challenges. In this work, epoxy composite coatings incorporating depolymerized PET (DPET) obtained from post-consumer plastic bottles and recycled glass powder are developed as a sustainable alternative to conventional protective coatings. DPET was produced through a glycolysis process and subsequently blended with epoxy resin alongside varying contents of waste glass particles. The study focuses on understanding how hybrid reinforcement influences chemical compatibility, microstructural features, and interfacial behavior within the coating system. The results show that DPET contributes polar functional groups that promote interaction with the epoxy matrix, while recycled glass particles enhance rigidity and surface resistance through mechanical reinforcement. Coatings formulated with balanced proportions of DPET and glass exhibit more uniform dispersion and improved interfacial continuity, whereas excessive filler loading leads to localized agglomeration and microstructural heterogeneity. The combined use of recycled polymer and inorganic waste enables the formation of epoxy coatings with improved structural coherence without altering the fundamental chemistry of the matrix. These findings demonstrate that waste-derived hybrid reinforcement can be effectively employed to produce functional epoxy coatings, supporting material circularity and offering a practical route for valorizing plastic and glass waste in surface protection applications.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: The idea of compactness considered as an essential conception not only in general topology but also in other superior branches of mathematics. Therefore, in this article new notion of compactness namely; h-compactness in the setting of topological spaces has been presented based on h-open sets. Several basic properties and important examples related to this kind of spaces have been discussed. On the other hand, new type of extended mapping namely; h-compact mapping has been defined via the notion of h-open sets. Moreover, in the process we introduce another type of extended mappings namely; strongly h-compact mapping, as well the relationships between these kinds of mappings are investigated

ABSTRACT. In recent years, educational processes have advanced through theadoption of modern learner-centered teaching strategies. Among these strategiesis situational learning, which places learners in realistic performancecontexts simulating actual game situations. Basketball is a team sport thatrequires the integration of cognitive processes with skill execution,particularly for complex offensive skills involving rapid decision-making andprecise performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of asituational learning strategy on developing reflective thinking and improvinglearning outcomes of some complex offensive basketball skills amongsecond-stage students.Materials and Methods:An experi mental method with equivalent groups using pre- andpost-tests was adopted. The research population consisted of 106 second-yearstudents at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, AshurUniversity (2025–2026). A random sample of 30 students was selected and dividedequally into experimental and control groups (15 each). The experimental groupfollowed a situational learning program for six weeks, with two learning unitsper week, totaling 12 units, while the control group studied using thetraditional method. Research instruments included a validated reflectivethinking scale and two combined offensive skill tests (dribble–pass andreceive–shoot). Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests, andeffect size (Cohen’s d) was calculated.Results:Statistical ly signi ficant improvements (p ≤ 0.05) were found in theexperimental group in reflective thinking and all measured complex offensiveskills compared with pre-tests. The experimental group also outperformed the controlgroup in post-tests, with large effect sizes observed.Conclusions:The situat ional learni ng strategy effectively enhances reflectivethinking and the performance of complex offensive basketball skills amongsecond-stage students, demonstrating the benefit of structured, context-basedlearning units combined with continuous feedback.Keywords: situational lea rning, reflective thinking, complexoffensive skills, basketball, university education

ABSTRACT. Green nanotechnology offers sustainable alternatives to conventional nanoparticle synthesis, eliminating hazardous chemical reducing agents and stabilizers. This investigation reports a walnut leaf extract-mediated biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles by the Plasma Jet technique with comprehensive physicochemical characterization and a quantitative antibacterial assessment. The spectrum obtained from the ultraviolet-visible diffuse spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis of CuO NPs exhibited an absorption band at a wavelength of 340nm, and an indirect band-gap energy of 2.07 eV. A substantial blue-shift from bulk CuO. X-ray diffraction confirmed phase-pure monoclinic CuO (JCPDS 48-1548) with a dominant (002), (111) crystallographic orientation. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy established a near-stoichiometric composition (Cu at 59 %, O at 41 %), while the transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical nanoparticles of 33.1nm. In addition, antibacterial susceptibility testing demonstrated a species-dependent bactericidal activity: minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.5 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 3.1 μg/mL for E. coli. Anti-biofilm efficacy obtained an eradication of 50% for E. coli, and 54.2% for S. aureus at planktonic MIC levels. These are biogenically synthesized nanomaterials that offer potential antibacterial platforms to overcome antibiotic resistance using sustainable manufacturing models.

ABSTRACT. In this work we will design and characterize novel antibacterial nanosystems of Moringa nanoparticles prepared by the green method, activated by cold plasma, and enhanced with copper oxide nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid. Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared with an Nd:YAG laser with 800 mJ and 1500 pulses and the Moringa nano-extract prepared from leaves and seeds with the part activated by cold plasma for five minutes. Structural, surface and optical characteristics of the samples were characterized with XRD, AFM and UV-Vis techniques. XRD observed a monoclinic CuO phase with a crystal size from 19 to 29 nm and AFM images showed a significant reduction in particle size and surface roughness after plasma activation and CuO addition, also a significant enhancement of bioactive surface characteristics. The results are summarized by the optical energy gap (Eg ≈ 2.8 eV) analysis that revealed the prepared particles can produce reactive oxygen species at a great potential. Antibacterial activity against three clinically relevant pathogenic strains - Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Acinetobacter baumannii - were evaluated by agar diffusion. When the composite samples (Moringa, CuO and Plasma) were analyzed they showed the highest zones of inhibition with significant synergistic effect of the plant actives, plasma activation and copper ions released from CuO nanoparticles. The results show that these nanosystems are promising and safe alternatives for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Keyword: Moringa , CuO ,Plasma, XRD, AFM , UV, Bacteria

ABSTRACT. Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disorder associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Although Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) remains the clinical gold standard for diagnosis, assessment of bone health increasingly relies on complementary biochemical markers that reflect ongoing bone remodeling. Among these markers, urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) is widely used to evaluate bone resorption activity and may indicate metabolic changes before substantial structural loss becomes evident. Conventional NTX quantification is typically performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a laboratory-based method requiring specialized equipment and trained personnel. In this study, a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-based impedance biosensor was developed for selective detection of urinary NTX. Forty female subjects were classified using DXA according to T-score criteria, and urine samples were analyzed using ELISA for comparison. Impedance measurements were obtained using an AD5933-based system, and responses were normalized relative to blank readings. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the normalized impedance response and DXA T-score (r = −0.558, p < 0.001), indicating that increased electrical response was associated with lower bone mineral density. These findings support the potential of a low-cost impedance sensing platform for osteoporosis assessment.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. This study aims to know the effect of tow strategies (seven step learning circle and cooperative learning) for learning of technical achievement of the steps of high jump event. The researchers used the experimental approach in the College of physical education and sport sciences /Maysan university for the season (2024/2025). The society of the research were (45) students distributed into three groups ( 15 students for every group) by using learning units of (seven steps learning circle and cooperative learning ) .The results appeared that the studying by using of (seven step learning circle) has effected positively to learn the technical achievement of high jump event and appeared also that the students who used the (seven steps learning circle) overpassed their partners who used the cooperative learning . The studying by using cooperative learning also has helped the students to learn technical achievement of high jump event and overpassed the students who has used the style which followed by the teacher . The researchers has recommended to use the results in the learning of technical achievement of high jump event for the students in the College of physical education and sport sciences /Maysan university .

ABSTRACT. A coupled theoretical and numerical approach is proposed to investigate the self-heating effect induced by the applied bias voltage. The method combines a mobility model with a finite difference method (FDM) to describe the transient thermal behavior of the piezoresistor. The evolution of mobility and resistivity is analyzed over time for different bridge supply voltages. The influence of the resistor length is also considered. The results show that continuous operation leads to a significant temperature rise within the structure, resulting in reduced mobility and a corresponding increase in resistivity. These variations directly affect the sensor’s electrical response and can induce output drift during prolonged use. The proposed model enables the prediction of such thermal-electrical interactions and provides practical guidelines to mitigate self-heating effects by optimizing the resistor geometry and limiting the applied voltage.

ABSTRACT. Due to its application in radiotherapy, which utilizes radiation to both repair and destroy cancer cells and those of normal tissue, radiation is regarded as a vital tool in modern medicine. In this study, we examined the occurrence of single-strand breaks (SSB) and double-strand breaks (DSB) in DNA using the Geant4-DNA simulation example “molecularDNA”. The Monte Carlo simulation values of SSB, DSB, and SSB/DSB vs. gamma Dose (Gy) ranged between (210-220 Gy-1 Gbp-1), (7-8 Gy-1 Gbp-1), and (25-30 Gy-1 Gbp-1), respectively. Our simulation work concluded poor relations between yields and the investigated doses (3-9 Gy). The average value of DSB is obtained equal to 6.7 Gy-1 Gbp-1 in agreement with the published calculated and measured values.

ABSTRACT. We study how premixed flames propagate and remain stable in a two-dimensional channel between parallel plates, focusing on the effect of wall thermal conditions at a Lewis number of 0.3, typical of lean hydrogen–air mixtures. The results reveal several new flame behaviors. In the adiabatic case, multiple steady propagation regimes are found, some of which are stable, showing that alternative physically realizable solutions exist. In contrast, when strong heat losses are imposed by isothermal cold walls kept at the fresh mixture temperature, multi-headed flame structures appear, but all are unstable within the explored parameter range. Overall, the results highlight a rich multiplicity of solutions and show that wall heat transfer not only modifies flame structure but also fundamentally changes its stability.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. This study presents experimental research on the mechanical and physical properties of unsaturated polyester composites before and after reinforcement. The study involved the preparation of hybrid composite materials from a polyester matrix with 5% each of chopped glass fibers and chopped carbon fibers. Silicon carbide nanopowder was then added at varying weight percentages (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%). The study also included testing several mechanical properties, including tensile strength, modulus of tensile elasticity, impact resistance, and stiffness, for all samples. The thermal conductivity of the samples was also calculated. The results showed an improvement in tensile strength, impact resistance, stiffness, and modulus of tensile elasticity with the addition of silicon carbide nanopowder. An increase in thermal conductivity was also observed in the samples compared to the pure unsaturated polyester sample. Sample (D) exhibited the highest values in mechanical properties, while the unreinforced pure polyester (PUE) sample recorded the lowest. Regarding thermal conductivity, sample (C) recorded the highest value compared to the pure unreinforced polyester (UPE) sample, while the unreinforced pure polyester (UPE) sample recorded the lowest. These results indicate that polymer composites reinforced with more than one type of fiber, in addition to nanoparticles, improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polymer composites used in the manufacture of tools or structures in various applications, particularly those exposed to external factors and environmental conditions

ABSTRACT. A new distribution called the Weibull X-Lindley (W-XLD) was constructed based on two existing distributions. the X-Lindley and Weibull distributions. The new distribution was built by multiplying survival functions and contains two parameters shape and the scale parameters. Initially, probability density, cumulative, hazard, and t survival functions were extracted using the rules for constructing a new distribution. The distribution's properties were also determined, including the pattern, moments, kurtosis, skewness, variance, generated moments, quantity, mean time to failure, and segmentation. Additionally, the entropy measure and the rank statistical property were calculated. Furthermore, the W-XLD distribution was compared to related distributions using several statistical criteria, such as Akaike (AIC), the Hanan-Queen (HQIC), the corrected Akaike (AICC), and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria. Outcomes showed that the new distribution is more flexible than continuous distributions, because the value of the criteria for the (W-XLD) distribution is lower than the values of the criteria for other distributions

ABSTRACT. As focused on a thorough examination in the optical ,and structural characteristics of synthesized undoped SnO2 nanoparticles and Ni-doped prepared using chemical bath deposition. Using a variety of characterisation methods, a thorough structural investigation has been conducted.The creation of the un doped Sno2 and Ni-doped nanoparticles single phase tetragonal structure is seen in the spectrum of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy investigation confirm demonstrate how Ni doping decreases the size of SnO2 crystallites. the XRD results, which . The optical investigation reveals a notable reduction in SnO2's energy gap (from 3.56 to 3.48 electron Volts) The concentration of Ni rises. Photoluminescence (PL). Studies reveal that since Ni+2 and Sn+4 have different ionic radii, Ni doping produces oxygen vacancies. Hence, our The findings show that Ni-doping significantly affects the optical and structural characteristics.

ABSTRACT. Systemic inflammation exacerbates protein-energy wasting, mineral disorders, and anemia, all of which are commonly linked to chronic kidney disease CKD. This study aimed to evaluate alterations in specific biochemical, mineral, and hematological markers in CKD patients, with and without anemia, to identify potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators. This case-control study included 120 participants divided into three groups: 50 healthy controls, 35 non-anemic CKD patients, and 35 anemic CKD patients. Serum levels of myeloperoxidase MPO, total protein TP, albumin, globulin, albumin-to-globulin ratio AGR, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, and sodium were measured. Hematological parameters included hemoglobin Hb, packed cell volume PCV, platelet count, and white blood cell WBC count. Compared with controls, both CKD groups showed significant decreases in TP, albumin, globulin, calcium, zinc, Hb, PCV, and platelet count, and significant increases in urea, creatinine, and phosphorus.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a novel dual-axis solar tracking system inspired by the heliotropic behavior of Helianthus annuus. By functionally transposing the auxin-mediated differential growth mechanism into a bio-inspired control framework, we develop a robust, adaptive photovoltaic (PV) tracker that operates without absolute sun position dependency under partial shading and irradiance fluctuations. The proposed architecture integrates four synergistic modules: a high-fidelity astronomical solar position model; a dynamic plant orientation model grounded in phototropic hormone redistribution; a nonlinear Proportional-Derivative (PD)-augmented actuation strategy and a decentralized shading-resilience layer mimicking plant source-sink resource allocation. Simulation results demonstrate a 32.7% increase in daily energy yield compared to fixed-tilt systems and a 22.3% gain over conventional MPPT-based trackers under realistic partial shading scenarios. The system achieves a tracking accuracy of ±1.8°, with minimal lag during morning/evening transitions and rapid convergence at solar noon. This work establishes a validated bridge between plant photo-physiology and renewable energy engineering, offering a scalable pathway toward biologically intelligent solar harvesting.

ABSTRACT. This paper consolidates a performance-modeling for Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CCHP) systems capturing investment, operating cost, profit, and environmental externalities, with a multi-objective optimization and regression-based decision method to select the best integration power across sectors. It formalizes unified objective functions (total cost, and CO₂ emissions) that account for export incentives, equipment deterioration, maintenance, and construction-phase impacts; then it solves a bi-objective problem, minimizing Total Cost and CO₂ emissions, via a genetic algorithm. Computed Pareto sets from repeated runs are post-processed with several regression families; a polynomial regression model yields the lowest residual value and enables a robust mathematical single-point choice. The case study shows that stronger export incentives simultaneously reduce total cost and increase the optimal CCHP capacity for high loads. The approach provides a transparent, data-driven pathway from high-level objectives to an implementable capacity recommendation.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. In this work, we created thin films of tin oxide (SnO₂) using the spray pyrolysis method at a substrate temperature of 673 K. After an hour of annealing and another 1.5 hours at 773 K, the films were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic fluorescence (AFM), and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The pattern data indicated that the tin oxide (SnO₂) had a tetragonal cassiterite structure with distinct orientations (110, 101, 211). The average diameter, surface roughness, and particle size all changed as the annealing time rose, according to the study. The wavelength range (325–1100 nm) was also taken into account when examining the transmittance and absorption spectra, which displayed a variety of deviations from nominal values. According to the findings, the treatments lasting an hour and an hour and a half produced the sample's highest transmittance values. These findings indicated that the optical energies were 3.35, 3.54, and 3.7 eV, in that order. The resistance-time relationship was also used to examine the thin film sensitivity to nitrogen dioxide gas. The results were very encouraging, indicating that the resistance rose as the annealing time increased, especially at the 1.5-hour annealing time

ABSTRACT. Locating appropriate sites where wind farms can be established requires a powerful spatial decision-making framework that considers technical, environmental, climatic and socio-economic aspects. Despite the fact that the interest in renewable energy in Iraq is growing, there are no prior works that have considered the suitability of wind farms in the Basra Governorate with the help of a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The current study fills this gap by developing an AHP-based spatial evaluation model to include the necessary criteria used to identify the best locations of wind power installations. The disciplines of environmental science, geographic information systems and renewable energy are used to arrive at expert judgment that is reflected in pairs of comparison matrices through which criterion weights are derived after consistency has been ensured. It is found that the climatic factors have the strongest impact on the site suitability by 56.2%. This indicates that climatic variables play a critical role in regulating the efficiency in energy production. Geomorphological features are next in significance by 17.4%, Economic factor by 18.3% and environmental factor by 8.1%. Collectively, these results are a complete spatial decision support system that can be used by policy-makers and developers to plan wind farms projects in Basra and other similar areas.

ABSTRACT. This study examines the effect of laser-induced plasma nitriding of Ti6Al4V alloy in the presence of nitrogen gas to improve its surface properties for medical applications. Treatment was performed using an Nd:YAG laser at a frequency of 1 Hz and energies of 280 and 460 mJ. The results showed an increase in surface roughness and microscopic hardness (from 240 to 308 HV) and an improvement in wettability with increasing laser energy. Based on the results of hardness and wettability, the sample treated at an energy of 460 mJ was chosen as the best sample for conducting corrosion and bacterial activity tests, as the corrosion rate decreased from 2.936×10⁻² to 9.208×10⁻³ mmpy with a reduction rate of approximately 68.7%, and the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone increased from 20 mm to 26 mm against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The results confirm that laser processing improves the mechanical and biological performance of the alloy for medical implant applications.

ABSTRACT. Composite materials based on polymer matrix have been produced using the casting technique and blending epoxy resin with mill scale (MS) in different ratio. The results show that these composites are good absorbers of microwave electromagnetic radiation. The experimental was also intended toward investigation of the thermal conductivity of powder-filled using Lee’s disc method. Various contents of MS (8–40 wt.%) were added to the epoxy to improve or modify their properties .After FT-IR investigation it was possible to observe a strong and sharpen band with O-H vibration. These results are important when investigating the structure and composition of composites. The MS particles, of 63 µm in size, were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray optionality spectroscopy. The thermal conductivity of the composites was measured at room temperature using the Lee’s disk method. The 38 glass transition temperature (Tg), melting time 39 (Tm) were obtained from the differential scanning 40 calorimetry (DSC). It was found that MS concentration had a significant impact not only on the absorption of microwave radiation but also thermal conductivities (K). The maximum RL was -30.74 dB at 11.51 GHz for 24 wt%, and also in the case of a filler concentration of 40 wt%, compared to −33.34 dB at the same frequency when using pure epoxy as a matrix. The maximum K measured for the 8 wt% MS formulation was 0.072 W/m·K.

ABSTRACT. This paper modifies the Emrem distribution (MEMD) by adding a location parameter to improve its predictive power. Then, the statistical properties of the MEMD were calculated, including the cumulative function, moment generating function, distribution of order statistics, moment of origin, and characteristic function. In addition, two stress-strength system reliability models (single and bounded) for MEMD. A new hybrid metaheuristic algorithm has been proposed that combines the Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA), Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA), and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSOA) to improve the estimation of stress-strength models. For evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a simulation study based on the mean squared error criteria has been performed to compare the results of the hybrid algorithm with the standard algorithms (LOA, GOA, and PSO). The results show that the proposed algorithm performed better than standard algorithms. This proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm from the perspective of statistical distribution, strategy, and methodology to improve the accuracy of reliability models.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: - The use of alpha particles in nuclear medical applications has attracted increased attention due to their great ionization ability and the ability to provide highly targeted doses within a short range in biological tissues. An accurate understanding of LET and range in human tissues is essential for optimizing treatment efficiency while reducing off-target effects. This work provides a comparative analysis of LET and range for alpha particles in a comprehensive set of tissue-equivalent materials using both theoretical and simulation-based approaches. LET and range of alpha particles with incident energies from (3 to 10) MeV were calculated for seven common tissue-equivalent compounds: water, polyethylene, polystyrene, A-150 tissue-equivalent plastic, B-100 bone-equivalent plastic, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and paraffin wax. The calculations were performed using the Bethe-Bloch formula for heavy charged particles, data extracted from the NIST ASTAR database, and the Monte Carlo simulation (SRIM) code. which demonstrated excellent agreement across all materials and the entire energy range. The excellent correlation between theoretical predictions and simulated data confirms the accuracy of these computational methods for pre-clinical dosimetry in alpha-particle therapies. These findings contribute to an improved understanding of alpha particle transport in biological media and provide a strong dataset for the development and enhancement of next-generation targeted radionuclide therapies.

ABSTRACT. This study examines the (0⁺ → 2⁺, 2⁺ → 4⁺, and 4⁺ → 6⁺(transition levels in even-even Stannum (Sn) isotopes, ranging from (126Sn to 138Sn) (Z=50) and how effected onquadrupole deformation. By the Global Best Fit (GBF) method, calculated the electric quadrupole transition probabilities (B(E2)↑) and deformation parameters (β2) for the transitions )0⁺ → 2⁺, 2⁺ → 4⁺, and 4⁺ → 6⁺(. The investigation shows significantly minor (B(E2)↑ and β2 ) values when isotopes nearby from magic numbers, exactly the doubly magic 132Sn (N=82) for the ground-state transition. This decrease shows a reduction in collective behavior and approves a near-spherical nuclear shape at shell closures. Though, as the neutron number increases beyond the magic number, these values recover, signifying the start of collective motion driven by valence neutrons. Moreover, the results display that B(E2)↑ and β2 increase monotonically with higher transition levels for all isotopes, suggesting that collective behavior strengthens at higher angular momenta. Finally, the study confirms the strong effect of shell effects on nuclear structure and the developing form of Sn isotopes from sphere-shaped to deformed shape.

ABSTRACT. The study Evaluate the way urban in Baghdad Province grew during 2005-2025. Monitoring this growth is the first step to understanding construction-related carbon emissions and planning for a sustainable city. multi-temporal Landsat images and a hybrid mapping method that combines Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) with the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) is used. This method was required to select urban features accurately within the semi-arid setting of Baghdad. Our initial Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) analysis showed that the urban footprint was 6.46% (334.23 Km2) in 2005 and it is reached 9.66% (500.09 Km2) in 2025. We used Normalized Difference Built-up Index-Maximum Likelihood Classification (NDBI-MLC) masking technique to eliminate the frequent spectral overlap between the concrete and the dry soil. After this correction and applying post-classification filters, the data showed a more precise urban area of 6.01% (311.27 Km2) in 2005, increased to 10.01% (517.78 Km2) in the 2025. We also observed a distinct difference between the growth patterns; the urban core (Mayoralty) is almost saturated at 46.15% density, but most of the new growth is shifting fast to the edges of the province. the result Mayoralty high-accuracy spatial database which we can use to estimate the Embodied Carbon of the building sector in Baghdad. We conclude that using spectral indices to refine supervised classification is essential for creating reliable low-carbon urban policies in regions with similar climate conditions.