ABSTRACT. The oases of the Adrar region in southwest Algeria rely on groundwater from the Continental Intercalaire (Albian) aquifer, traditionally exploited through foggaras. This gravity‑driven underground gallery system has sustained oasis agriculture for centuries. In recent decades, motor‑pumped wells, boreholes, and pressurized irrigation systems (sprinkler and drip) have increasingly complemented foggaras, but often without integrated planning of energy use and groundwater abstraction. This paper analyzes the current configuration of irrigation systems in Adrar and discusses how renewable energy, particularly solar photovoltaics, can support a more sustainable modernization pathway. The methodology combines field missions (2018–2020) with surveys of irrigators and data from hydraulic and agricultural services in 29 communes. The inventory reveals 371 boreholes, 11,390 wells, and 706 foggaras, serving irrigated areas totaling about 15,626 ha under gravity irrigation, 8,687 ha under sprinkler irrigation, and approximately 12,257 ha under drip irrigation. Traditional gravity systems offer low‑cost, energy‑free water delivery. Still, they are inefficient and labor-intensive, whereas sprinkler and drip systems can achieve application efficiencies of about 75% and 95%, respectively, at the cost of increased energy demand and technical complexity. The paper argues that coupling modern irrigation with solar energy and prioritizing foggara rehabilitation, water-saving distribution, and separate wastewater/rainwater networks is essential to reduce pressure on fossil groundwater and delay the need for large-scale desalination.

ABSTRACT. This research focuses on addressing the issue of low machine efficiency in the machining area of a metalworking company in Callao, Lima. It highlights the critical role of machinery availability, quality, and performance in the metalworking industry, particularly in machining processes that are essential for high-quality production. Low efficiency in this area contributes to decreased productivity and machine availability, increased rework, and higher operational costs, all of which impact the company's competitiveness. To tackle this challenge, the study proposes the application of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) tools as a central strategy to improve the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in the machining area. Additionally, the study suggests incorporating standardization practices and Industry 4.0 technologies. TPM is presented as a holistic approach to maximize machine efficiency, involve all personnel in maintenance efforts, and foster a culture of continuous improvement, ultimately enhancing productivity and reducing waste.

ABSTRACT. This work introduces and investigates several classes of harmonic multivalent functions specified in the interior of the unit disk Ω by using Hadamard (convolution) operator. This investigation is conducted within the domain of Bergman spaces, and it focuses on studying various geometric possessions such as coefficient approximations, extreme points, convexly linear combinations, convolution conditions, as well as different types of integral transforms associated with these function classes.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. With increasing levels of human impact from sources such as untreated hospital waste being released into freshwater ecosystems, there are substantial changes to both the water quality and biotic diversity within these environments. The current research was designed to assess how the discharge of effluent from the Medical City Complex (MCC), Baghdad has impacted the diversity of rotifers living in the Tigris River. Sampling events occurred on a monthly basis, from June 2025 – February 2026. Three sampling sites were evaluated; (S1) upstream, (S2) at the discharge location and (S3) downstream from the discharge location. Monthly sampling included measuring six physicochemical parameters (disolved oxygen (DO; mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅; mg/L), pH, electrical conductivity (µS/cm), phosphate (PO₄³⁻; mg/L), and total hardness [mg/L]) and the relative abundence (RA), constancy index, species richness (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′), evenness (E), Jaccard similarity index, and cluster analysis of rotifers. Results indicate there exists statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) spatial variability among all three sampling sites. Site S1 exhibited the highest DO and biodiversity indices, while site S2 exhibited elevated levels of PO₄³⁻, and lower ecological stability than S1. Sites with impacted rotifer diversity were all dominated by pollution tolerant taxa (specifically Brachionus sp.). Rotifer density was shown to be negatively correlated (BOD₅ (r = -0.60) and pH (r = -0.44)) and positively correlated (conductivity, hardness, and phosphate concentration) to the physicochemical parameters. Similarity analysis showed that there were a very large number of similarities between S2 and S3; thus supporting the finding that sewage from hospitals has affected the water downstream from hospitals. The results of the present study indicate that rotifers were a sensitive group of organisms that could be used as reliable bioindicators and support the need to incorporate biological assessments into the freshwater monitoring programs.

ABSTRACT. The optimal design of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) requires balancing inherently conflicting objectives, including investment cost, operational reliability, carbon emissions, and renewable penetration. Although multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) such as NSGA-II and MOEA/D have been widely adopted for this purpose, their performance often depends on fixed operator configurations, limiting adaptability under dynamic climatic conditions and varying load profiles. This paper introduces a Green Adaptive Hyper-Heuristic (GAHH) framework for multi-objective renewable energy system optimization. The proposed method adopts a two-level search architecture in which a high-level adaptive controller dynamically selects among low-level metaheuristic operators. Operator selection is driven by a sustainability-aware reward mechanism that jointly considers hypervolume improvement and environmental performance indicators, thereby embedding carbon sensitivity directly into the search process. The framework is evaluated using real hourly meteorological and load data over a full annual horizon (8,760 hours). Comparative results against classical MOEAs demonstrate consistent performance gains, achieving 6--9\% improvement in hypervolume, up to 42\% reduction in CO$_2$ emissions relative to diesel-dominated configurations, renewable penetration exceeding 78\%, and system reliability above 98\%. Sensitivity and robustness analyses under multiple climate and demand scenarios confirm stable convergence behavior with limited performance degradation. These results indicate that GAHH provides a scalable, adaptive, and environmentally aware decision-support framework suitable for sustainable microgrid planning and next-generation smart grid deployment.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs) have a wide range of applications across various fields and include several types, such as CR-39. These detectors are affected by radiation, generating narrow radiation damage tracks. These damage tracks indicate the type and energy of the incident particle. Their characteristics include long-term retention of nuclear tracks, high homogeneity, and high sensitivity to radiation. These tracks appear and expand when a suitable abrasive material is used. This study aims to calculate both the diameter of the track formed on the detector surface and the density of these tracks for a range of alpha energies (2.191, 2.467, 2.726, 3.094, 3.212, and 3.500 MeV) using a specially designed computational program. In this study, the detector was irradiated with alpha particles emitted from an americium (241A) source for a period of 5 minutes. A sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with a concentration of 6.25 N and a temperature of 70°C was used, along with different scraping times (30, 60, 70, 75, 80, and 85 minutes). The results showed that the highest absorption of alpha particle energy, corresponding to the maximum track diameter, occurred at an energy of (2.726 MeV). The maximum track density at the same energy was (3951 traces per mm²). Despite the widespread use of CR-39 nuclear trace detectors for measuring alpha particle traces, the relationship between particle energy and the characteristics of the recorded trace has not been adequately studied under different scraping conditions. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effect of alpha particles on the CR-39 detector and the energy response across a wide range of charged alpha particle energies. This is achieved by calculating the trace diameter and density as energy and etching time vary, using a specially designed computational program. Furthermore, this research contributes to the development of a theoretical and practical understanding of the mechanism for recording alpha particle traces.

ABSTRACT. The transition toward sustainable industrial practices has intensified the demand for high-performance bio-based lubricants derived from renewable resources. In this study, Aspen Plus process simulation was integrated with response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken design to optimize the transesterification of biodiesel-derived fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with trimethylolpropane (TMP) and di-trimethylolpropane (Di-TMP). Reaction temperature, vacuum pressure, and FAME-to-polyol molar ratio were systematically optimized to maximize ester conversion while minimizing specific energy consumption (SEC). The energy-efficient optima yielded 93.76% conversion with 0.3034 kWh/kg SEC for the TMP system and 91.48% conversion with 0.2959 kWh/kg SEC for the Di-TMP system, corresponding to a ~5% reduction in SEC compared with literature-reported on conventional FAME-based pathway conditions. In-silico viscosity blending using the Refutas logarithmic correlation demonstrated that a 50.13 wt% Di-TMP blend achieves an exact ISO VG 68 kinematic viscosity of 68.0 cSt at 40 oC. By upgrading biodiesel-derived FAME from low-value palm-based residues into premium polyol ester base oils, the proposed framework provides a quantitatively optimized and energy-efficient pathway supporting circular bioeconomy strategies in renewable process industries.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: This research investigates the mechanical performance of epoxy composite coatings reinforced with depolymerized polyethylene terephthalate (DPET) and recycled waste glass particles. Different composite formulations were prepared using epoxy as the matrix with varying weight percentages of DPET and glass particles. The studied compositions included: 50% epoxy–25% DPET–25% glass, 50% epoxy–35% DPET–15% glass, 50% epoxy–15% DPET–35% glass, 50% epoxy–50% glass, 50% epoxy–50% DPET, and 100% neat epoxy. Mechanical tests, including tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and wear behavior, were evaluated to determine the influence of filler composition. The results show that neat epoxy exhibited the highest tensile strength of about 45 MPa due to its homogeneous structure. Among the composites, the formulation containing 50% epoxy, 15% DPET, and 35% glass achieved the best tensile strength of approximately 36 MPa. Impact strength increased significantly with increasing DPET content, reaching the highest value of about 0.95 J for the composite containing 50% epoxy and 50% DPET. Hybrid composites containing both DPET and glass (25% DPET / 25% glass) demonstrated balanced mechanical performance with impact strength ranging between 0.85–0.91 J. Flexural strength also improved with optimized composition, increasing from 48 MPa to approximately 56 MPa. Additionally, the wear rate improved significantly, decreasing from 0.0253 in neat epoxy to about 0.00678 in the 50% epoxy–50% DPET composite. The results confirm that recycled PET improves toughness and impact resistance, while glass particles enhance stiffness and tensile properties. Therefore, hybrid reinforcement using recycled materials provides an effective and sustainable approach for improving epoxy composite coatings

ABSTRACT. . In this work, copper (CuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) colloidal nanoparticles were prepared via laser ablation of Cu and Ag pellet immersed in triple deionized water. Pulsed Nd: YAG laser pulses were employed to irradiate the Cu and Ag targets at 300 mJ/ pulse laser energies and 2.5 min ablation times. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, and particle size analyzer. The XRD pattern of the CuNPs and AgNPs proved the presence of (111), (200) at corresponding 2θ value of 44.56°, 50.68°, and of 38.1 and 44.2 respectively. The sizes of CuNPs, AgNPs, and oil are measured by a Particle size analyzer of about 17.5, 25.2, and 291.2 nm respectively. The effect of Tarragon oil fortified with AgNPs and CuNPs on the activity of E.coli bacteria, was investigated to explore the efficiency of AgNPs, CuNPs fortified tarragon oil on inhibiting the growth of E.coli bacteria. The obtained results showed significant increasing in the inhibition rate after incorporating the Tarragon oil. The achieved inhibition rate of AgNPs and CuNPs are about 11 mm and 20 mm respectively. The mixed component 1:1 oil: AgNPs and Oil: CuNPs, show high activity toward E.coli with improving the efficiency by 73% and 40% , where the inhibition zone was increased to 19 mm and 28 mm respectively . This effect of mixing Tarragon oil on improving the antibacterial activity of AgNPs and CuNPs is strongly related with the specific surface area of metallic nanoparticles after incorporating oil.

ABSTRACT. Surface freshwater is one of the rarest resources on Earth, comprising only 0.007% of the planet's total water. Despite its scarcity, two significant threats diminish its usefulness. The first is human-induced global warming, which has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves, consequently increasing evaporation rates from surface freshwater. The second threat is its reduced usability due to increased chemical and physical pollutants, as well as high levels of dissolved salts. One proposed solution to these problems is desalination. Solar-powered direct and indirect desalination is considered sustainable methods for water desalination. The work was divided into three phases. In the first, spatial techniques were applied in conjunction with standard statistical approaches to identify regions with the highest net solar irradiance levels in Iraq during the period from 2008 to 2022. Those covered 38.33% of Iraq's total area, with solar irradiance being the primary factor in selecting site for solar-powered desalination plant. In second phase, geological integrity was used as a criterion to exclude areas near the eastern border. In third phase, the study area was narrowed down using environmental factors that reduce the efficiency of solar concentrators, namely: annual (rainfall, relative humidity, and number of rising dust days). Those were combined to reduce interest area to 1.93% of Iraq. The interested area located in the Diwaniyah Governorate, with the largest population cluster in Al-Hamza Al-Sharqi district, so it is spatially preferred for the desalination plant.

ABSTRACT. The refractive-index dispersion of Lithium triborate (LiB₃O₅, LBO) was studied along its three components, x, y, and z, using four analytical models: Cauchy, classical Sellmeier, two-term Sellmeier, and a modified Sellmeier equation. Experimental data were fitted with MATLAB and evaluated using MSE and AAD. The modified Sellmeier equation showed the best accuracy, enabling reliable calculations of birefringence, phase velocity, group velocity, and dispersion parameters. Results confirm normal dispersion behavior, decreasing birefringence with wavelength, and zero-dispersion points significant for ultrafast applications. This provides a refined optical description of LBO for nonlinear frequency conversion and ultrafast photonics.

ABSTRACT. The nuclear reaction cross sections for exotic (_2^6)He and (_2^8)He impinging on (_4^9)Be, (_6^12)C and (_13^27)Al targets were studied using Glauber model in optical approximation. The spatial distributions for exotic (_2^6)He and (_2^8)He isotopes were studied through using the modified harmonic oscillator potential wave functions included in local-scaling transformation. The parameters for both of used potential and technique were fixed so as to produce the available experimental values for size radii for (_2^6)He and (_2^8)He isotopes. The long tails in the calculated spatial distributions were well generated. The theoretical results were compared with available empirical data.

ABSTRACT. Although there were significantly different solutions to Assignment Problems (AP) accessible over a particular time frame, the expanding use of predictive algorithms (EAs) to related issues presents a method for addressing AP with a broad range of applicability. The primary study offers significant value by alleviating the burden on detectives to assess the requirements for quality meticulously. It achieves this by normalizing all criteria within a unified magnitude, separate from their respective calculating scales, based on whether the focus is on minimum or maximum values. Combining the constraints with a separate Assignment Problem, a gravitational search algorithm for issues with Assignment is suggested (GSA vs AP). The working principle of the proposed method is clarified with a mathematical example, and its efficiency has been compared to that of some well-known techniques. When the results from all (375) instances of the investigation were considered, the number of periods the neighborhood studying algorithm got there (2) compared to the algorithm of completing the conception imitation (117), after repeating the resolution of every issue (25), as well as storing the algorithm outcomes, demonstrated that they agreed only once the algorithm of gravitational search (174). It is an Assignment that the suggested strategy (GSA vs AP) produces a lower determining complexity and a better solution. Each of the findings in GSA (R2020b) was generated using MATLAB.

ABSTRACT. A quantum electronic transport theory used to calculate the rate of electron transfer from the excited ruthenium N3 dye to the conduction band in CdSe semiconductor based donor-acceptor framework. Based on this model, the electron moves from the excited N3 dye to the conduction band in CdSe via a quantum transition process subject to the interference of coupling strength and reorganization energy. The effects of energy reorganization play a crucial role in electron transport, affecting the reaction process, the activation barrier, and injection stability, by changing energy levels and charge distribution. High reorganization energy leads to an increased activation barrier and a decreased probability of electron transfer, while low reorganization energy leads to a rapid injection of electrons. Ethanol and methanol were used as polar media around the N3-CdSe device to study the effects of the solvent.The polarity difference resulting from the dielectric constant clearly affects the reorganized energy and the electrostatic environment. The results show that solvent properties are critically important for electron transfer at the interface, from the perspective of solvent conditions, temperature, and coupling strength, in terms of their effect on electron transfer rates. The increased temperature led to an increase in the vibrational energy of the system, which raised the probability of electrons overcoming this activation barrier and moving into the conduction band in CdSe, resulting in a significant increase in the transport rate. The strong coupling indicates the overlap of wavefunctions between the energy levels of the N3 dye and CdSe in the device. Strong coupling indicates an increased probability of electron transfer due to the strength of the interaction between the donor and acceptor states. In fact, electron transport across surface of N3-CdSe device systems is governed by fundamental principles of quantum state reconfiguration levels, barrier regulation, coupling strength, and thermal activation. Optimizing these parameters is essential for improving charge transport efficiency and overall device performance.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. The hormone leptin is produced by cells in the small intestine and adipose tissue; it helps maintain energy balance by reducing food intake, thereby reducing fat mass in adipocytes. The ventromedial and arcuate nuclei, along with other regions of the hypothalamus and the ventral tegmental area, which is responsible for feeding, have specialized receptors for leptin. In addition to its involvement with fat cells, it is involved in other regulatory elements, including obesity. The purpose of this research was to assess leptin levels and other biochemical parameters in healthy male athletes from Kirkuk, Iraq, who smoked cigarettes. Within the same age range, the research included (40) current smokers and (40) healthy non-smokers. We used an ELISA reagent from Sunlong Biotech in China to measure serum leptin levels, and kits from Giesse Diagnostics srl in Italy to measure C-reactive protein, glucose, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Mathematical measurements were taken for LDL and VLDL, which stand for very-low-density lipoprotein. While the levels of leptin were not significantly different between athletes who smoked and those who did not, the levels of C-reactive protein, glucose, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL were significantly higher in the former group. There was also a significant decrease in calcium content.

ABSTRACT. This paper introduces a new mixture distribution, referred to as the Laplace–General Weibull Distribution (LGWD), which combines the Laplace and General Weibull distributions to provide a more flexible model for lifetime data analysis. The statistical properties of the proposed model are investigated, including the probability density function, cumulative distribution function, survival function, and hazard rate function. Additionally, key characteristics such as moments, variance, skewness, kurtosis, mode, and moment-generating function are derived. The performance of the LGWD model is evaluated using real medical data and compared with existing distributions through standard information criteria such as AIC, BIC, and CAIC. The results demonstrate that the proposed distribution offers improved flexibility and superior fitting capability for complex lifetime data.

ABSTRACT. This study investigates the biocompatibility and physicochemical properties of sodium alginate-based nanocomposites reinforced with TiO₂, ZrO₂, and MgO nanoparticles for tissue engineering applications. The nanocomposite films were prepared via a solution casting method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, swelling analysis, and MTT assay. XRD results confirmed the coexistence of the amorphous alginate matrix with crystalline nanoparticle phases. FTIR analysis revealed strong interactions between alginate functional groups and nanoparticles. SEM observations showed a transition from a smooth morphology to a rough and heterogeneous structure upon nanoparticle incorporation. Contact angle and swelling studies demonstrated enhanced hydrophilicity and water absorption capacity. The MTT assay confirmed high cell viability, indicating excellent biocompatibility. Overall, the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles significantly improved the structural, surface, and biological properties of sodium alginate, making these nanocomposites promising candidates for tissue engineering applications.

ABSTRACT. This research aimed to analyze the kinematic and kinetic indicators in the clean and jerk lift of the best Iraqi Olympic weightlifter on both ends of the barbell. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach using a survey-based analytical study method. The researcher used a force measurement platform (Forts Plate Form), digital cameras to obtain the values of these indicators, and the motion analysis software (AutoCAD 2023). The research sample was limited to one weightlifter, the Iraqi Olympic champion Ali Ammar Al-Rubaie. The researchers concluded that Ali Ammar possesses a high degree of symmetry in the kinematic indicators on both ends of the barbell. There were minor differences in the relative height values during some phases of the clean and jerk lift, as well as minor differences in the weight's deflection values during some phases. Furthermore, the indicators of the vertical force applied to both sides of the platform achieved a high degree of relative symmetry throughout all phases of the lift, with minor variations that did not significantly affect the overall performance level. The researchers recommend adopting the values presented in this study as benchmark indicators and functions for studies related to performance evaluation in weightlifting.

ABSTRACT. This article evaluates and compares machine learning models for predicting the front bearing temperature of wind turbine gearboxes, a critical indicator of their condition. Within a sustainable predictive maintenance framework, this study compares the performance of Linear Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression (SVR), and XGBoost algorithms. Using detailed operational data from SCADA systems, the models are trained to predict front bearing temperatures. The models are then evaluated for accuracy using the metrics R² (coefficient of determination), RMSE (root mean squared error), and MAE (mean absolute error). The results demonstrate that the Random Forest regression model offers the highest predictive performance. This research provides a practical decision-making framework for selecting the most effective machine learning approach to optimize maintenance strategies, reduce operational costs, and minimize environmental impact by anticipating failures and streamlining interventions.

ABSTRACT. Solid Blend Electrolytes (SBE) are substantial in quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to their chemical and physical stability, improved performance, which boosts ionic conductivity. Two group (E and F) content of Chitosan: Polyaniline with fixed ratio 37.5 wt.% of LiI and or/NaI and various concentration of reduced graphene oxide (0.3 and 0.9) has been fabricated according to solution cast method. The FTIR spectra of the blend nanocomposites filled with different ratios of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) show clear spectral modifications, indicating interaction between the polymer matrix and rGO sheets. These interactions are expected to enhance electrical conductivity, mechanical reinforcement, and charge transport properties of the composite These variations are typically associated with out-of-plane C–H bending and skeletal vibrations influenced by rGO incorporation. The SEM analysis of the Cs: PANI filled with rGO (0.9 wt.%) nanocomposites indicate that the surface appears as a continuous polymer matrix with irregular granular bands distributed throughout the structure. The synergistic effect between lithium salt and higher rGO loading (0.9 wt.%) results in the optimum electrical performance, confirming that ion size and nanofiller concentration are key parameters controlling ionic transport in polymer nanocomposite electrolytes. The aim of this work investigates the influence of salts type and rGO concentration on conductivity, subsequently promote the DSSC efficiency.

ABSTRACT. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of a Mobile Thermal Energy Storage (MTES) system applied to a large commercial building in Beirut, Lebanon. The case focuses on a shopping mall with a floor area of 115,000 m2 and an annual thermal demand of 4,600 MWh, mainly for space heating during a 70-day heating season. The proposed system uses six transport containers charged with industrial waste heat from a regional thermal energy plant located 19 km away. Erythritol, a phase change material (PCM) with high latent heat capacity and thermal stability, was selected as the storage medium to ensure efficient energy transport and release. The economic assessment considers different operational strategies by varying the number of daily trips per container (n=2–12). Capital costs were calculated for each configuration, including PCM, thermal oil, pipes, container shells, heat exchangers, pumps, shipping, and taxes. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Discounted Payback Period (PBP) were then evaluated over a 20-year project lifetime, assuming a waste heat unit cost of 0 $/MWh. Results show that very low trip frequencies (n=2–3) do not provide competitive profitability, whereas high frequencies (n≥8) shorten payback periods but reduce long-term returns and increase fuel consumption. The optimal operating range lies between n=4 and n=6, yielding a discounted payback period close to one year (1.16–0.81 years) and maximizing NPV to more than $5 million. These findings demonstrate that MTES can provide cost-effective and environmentally responsible heating solution for commercial buildings in Lebanon.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a theoretical study on the performance of a hybrid photovoltaic-solar distiller standalone system for green hydrogen production and storage under summer and winter climate conditions and PV cooling (Forced water (FW), forced air (FA), and natural air (NA)) at Alexandria, Egypt. The power output from the PV system and distilled fresh water are used for hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and stored via compressors. The results show that the power, freshwater, and hydrogen production in summer are greater than in winter. The maximum PEM efficiency is 84.9%, and PV efficiency is 13.4%. Moreover, the overall system efficiency in winter is greater than that of summer with an average value of 8.35, 8.16, and 8.13% for FW, FA, and NA, respectively in winter.

ABSTRACT. This study explores the utility of bipolar soft semi-open sets as a foundation for introducing a new class of weakly open sets. By establishing the structural interconnections between these novel sets and existing bipolar soft frameworks, the paper delineates their fundamental properties. Furthermore, we formalize the operators for bipolar soft semi-closure and semi-interior, providing a detailed characterization of their algebraic and topological behavior.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different factors (such as: sex, birth weight, blood group compatibility between the infant and the mother and type of feeding) on serum bilirubin levels in neonates with jaundice. A total of 72 newborns (aged 3–12 days) were picked and divided into two groups (A group of healthy neonates (12 newborns), A jaundiced group (60 newborns). Comparison between the groups showed a significant elevation in total serum bilirubin (P ≤ 0.01) in jaundiced neonates compared to the healthy ones. Regarding the effect of sex and weight on bilirubin levels in the jaundiced group, no significant differences were detected or shown. However, neonates with incompatible blood group and RH to the mother had a higher incidence of hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice) compared to those with matched blood types. Additionally, the study shows that breastfed infants had higher bilirubin levels compared to those on mixed feeding, whereas no significant difference was shown between breastfed and formula-fed infants.

ABSTRACT. In functional analysis the approximation of function have interest many of authors that its offers a solution to many problems faced by mathematicians, engineers, and economists, the study of function approximation concepts has become a subject of interest and attraction. The problem of approximating functions has been previously considered by several researchers in the field of functional analysis using some well-known operators, but in this case, we were able to generalize these operators and approximate functions in general using them to obtain results of great importance. In this paper, we examine various approximation specifications of a compound q-Baskokov-Stancue operator. We provide an accurate order of approximation, a quantify guesstimate of approximate and a Vorono vskaja-type finding in compact disks.

ABSTRACT. Background: Gastric ulcer disease (GUD), frequently associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, represents a major global health concern due to its complex inflammatory and immunological mechanisms. Understanding the molecular interactions involved in ulcer development is essential for identifying potential therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: In this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate dysregulated mRNA and miRNA profiles in gastric tissues from patients with GUD. Differential expression analysis and bioinformatics approaches were used to identify key genes, miRNAs, and immune-related pathways involved in disease progression. Results: The analysis identified 1889 upregulated and 340 downregulated mRNAs, along with 37 upregulated and 12 downregulated miRNAs. Several immune-related markers, including TNF, CCL20, TLR4, and CD40, showed significant involvement in inflammatory and immune signaling pathways. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were strongly associated with immune responses, inflammatory signaling, and immune cell recruitment. In addition, miRNA–mRNA interaction network analysis indicated that specific miRNAs, particularly hsa-miR-650, may regulate genes involved in immune homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Conclusion: These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric ulcer disease and highlight the critical role of immune dysregulation and miRNA-mediated gene regulation in disease progression. The identified genes and miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improving the diagnosis and treatment of GUD.

ABSTRACT. The single-machine scheduling problem with early-tardiness penalties is a well-known NP-hard optimization problem because its objectives are conflicting and search space is exponentially combination of n. To solve this problem efficiently, advanced optimization techniques are needed capable of balancing exploration and exploitation. In this paper, we propose an adaptive Ulti-operator learning firefly algorithm (AML-FFA) to improve the quality and speed of convergence of our solutions. The proposed algorithm integrates three components: (i) a multi-operator local search mechanism utilizing the Swap,Insertion,2-Opt and Block-Move operators for more expansive neighborhood exploration; (ii) an adaptive learning strategy which updates operator selection probabilities dynamically based on their relative improvement performance and (iii) an elite pattern learning mechanism that remembers small collections of jobs of good quality and reinforces them. The performance of the proposed AML-FFA algorithm is tested on various benchmark scheduling instances. Experimental results show that our method consistently outperforms conventional metaheuristic algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and standard Firefly Algorithm (FFA) in terms of both quality and speed of solution convergence. AML-FFA leads to improvements of objective values ranging from 10% to 18% compared to the methods it competes against. A Statistical validation if the Wilcoxon signed-rank test provides confirmation that these improvements are significant at a 95% confidence level. The results show that AML-FFA proposed in this paper is an effective, robust framework for solving complex single-machine scheduling problems, while also being applicable to other combinatorial optimization problems.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of the research is to identify theeffect of information technology on raising the efficiency of administrative work in the Departmentof Sports and School Activities at Dhi Qar Directorate rejects education. The researcher used a descriptive approach using survey method. The study population included employees working in sports and school activity departments, for a sample of (88) individuals selected randomly. In order to achieve the research goals, the researcher developed an information technology scale containing (7) dimensions and (69) items. The validity and reliability of the instrument was established with relevant statistical tests. The outcomes revealed that information technology has a statistically influential implication on ameliorating administrative work efficiency in general especially in terms of technical infrastructure and digital capabilities for human resources. But there are barriers to the effective use of technology, especially lack of training and low financial support and insufficient technical preparedness. The study concluded that there is a need to strengthen information technology infrastructure, develop employees’ skills and qualify them through continued training programs, in addition to the use of modern electronic systems that contribute to improving administrative performance and enhancing the quality of work at departments of sports and school activities.

ABSTRACT. The main sources of energy production in Cameroon remain hydroelectricity, thermal power plants using fuel and gas. However, in recent years, the country has experienced an imbalance that creates a gap between production and consumption. It is therefore very important to explore new energy sources such as wind energy. In an effort to search for other sources of energy, this study was conducted in the East region of Cameroon. Since wind speeds are low in this part of the country, it is imperative to look for methods to extract maximum power. To do this, we used the fuzzy adaptive dP-P&O algorithm. This algorithm combines the simplicity of the P&O method with the adaptability of fuzzy logic. It allows the wind turbine to adjust more quickly and more precisely to changing wind conditions. A fusion of clean energy and cutting-edge technology is the driving force behind the global shift toward sustainability, and innovations like fuzzy adaptive controls are essential to harness the full potential of wind energy. With this method, the turbine will be able to extract on average an energy of 790.917kWh per day in the month of January.

ABSTRACT. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and ZnO with nickel oxide (NiO) nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized using sol-gel and spin-coating procedures. Varying concentrations of NiO NPs (10%, 30%, and 50 %) were deposited to assess the gas sensor's performance. XRD, FESEM, EDX, AFM, and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to study the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the prepared samples. XRD revealed the hexagonal phase of ZnO and the cubic phase of NiO as the main patterns. The crystalline size of the ZnO NPs decreases with the increase in NiO NPs (10%) and then increases for (30% and 50%). FESEM images showed that most of the particles in all of the samples were spherical and had a strong tendency to stick together and the surfaces were also very uniform. The energy band gap of ZnO NPs, 90ZnO/10NiO NCs, 70ZnO/30NiO NCs, and 50ZnO/50NiO NCs had values of approximately 2.89, 2.57, 2.51, and 2.50 eV, respectively. The findings also indicate that ZnO/NiO NCs exhibit improved sensitivity to NO2 gas sensor behavior compared to pure ZnO NPs. In comparison to ZnO NPs, 50ZnO/50NiO NCs samples has the highest sensitivity (39.40% at 150°C).

ABSTRACT. Pulsed laser ablation of a metal target in liquid (PLAL) is a void of contamination and advanced method for nanomaterial synthesis. Over the past decade, researchers have focused on this technique. In this work (TiO2:Al2O3) nanoparticles are produced using PLAL method. Metal targets ablated at a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with 7 ns pulse duration, for three different energies (300, 500, and 700) mJ. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer(UV-VIS), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) were used to characterize the NPs produced utilizing this approach. The results of the biological tests confirmed that the prepared nanoparticles exhibit affecting both Gram-positive and Gram–negative bacteria's fighting ability. The PLAL can indicate as clean technology enabled the preparation of (TiO2:Al2O3) nanomaterials with antibacterial properties, thereby eliminating harmful microorganisms

ABSTRACT. This paper will focus on presenting the idea of an e^*SS-lifting module. A module X is named an e^*SS-lifting module if every submodule K of X, there is a submodule Eof K, achieves that X=E⨁J,where J submodule of X, and K∩J is e^*S-essential small submodule of J. Some of the results are known, and they can be considered the basic properties of e^*SS-lifting module. Moreover, by applied this concept, we popularized the notion of a Cofinitely lifting into Cofinitely e^*SS-lifting as follows, X is named cofinitely e^*SS-lifting, given any cofinite submodule A of X, there exists a direct summand P submodule of A satisfying that X=P⨁F for some F submodule of X, and A∩F is e^*S-essential small submodule of X. We examine this notion and derive some associated findings.

ABSTRACT. Let R be an associative ring with unity, and S be a unitary left R-module. We study extensions of the classical concepts of small submodule and hollow module, called G^*-small submodule and G^*-hollow module respectively. A submodule P of an R -module S called G^*-small in S, if whenever P+Q =S for some submodule Q of S with Z_(e^* ) (Q) = Z_(e^* ) (S) implies that Q=S. Which leads to introduce the concept G^*-hollow module which is a nonzero module S satisfied that every proper submodule Q of S is G^*-small in S. We investigate their features.

ABSTRACT. Background: T2DM is a progressive metabolic disease associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, often complicated by pancreatitis with both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Objective: To determine the sex stratified serum levels of GIP, IAPP, PP, insulin, C-peptide, SELENBP1, GSP (glucose-stimulated plasma), IL-6 and ELA1 in healthy control subjects as compared to T2DM patients with and without pancreatitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising of 315 participants (Group A: healthy controls n=90; Group B: T2DM n=180; Group C: T2DM+pancreatitis, n=90). Serum levels of all variables were determined by ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism, and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: GIP and PP progressively decreased in groups. IAPP, insulin, C-peptide, SELENBP1, GSP and IL-6 were upregulated in T2DM with variable values in T2DM+pancreatitis. In T2DM+pancreatitis, ELA1 showed a marked decline (males: 59.609±8.532; females: 55.418±9.421 ng/mL), reflecting extreme exocrine insufficiency (p<0.05). Conclusions: T2DM+pancreatitis has a unique biomarker signature with profound EPI, sustained IL-6 elevation and declining β-cell markers consistent with clinical separation from classical T2DM.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we aim to estimate the parameter of the Shanker-Rayleigh distribution using maximum likelihood (MLE) on real data (COVID-19). The examined dataset reflects recorded (COVID-19) observations. Fuzzy numbers will be constructed from the Trapezoidal function, and two fuzzy algorithms will be used to turn the fuzzy numbers into crisp numbers. These fuzzy forms are then converted to crisp values to drive the fundamental statistical function. Including (probability density function, cumulative distribution function, survival function, and hazard function), the parameter estimation obtained by the maximum likelihood estimator and the two-yager algorithm. Finally, the fuzzy results will be compared by using the mean square error.

ABSTRACT. This study demonstrates a computational modeling approach based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate The structural, electronic and optical properties of novel XHfH3 (X = Li, Na, K, Rb) hydride perovskite. The results reveal that the lattice constants and cell volume are increased with increasing the atomic number of alkali metals. Moreover, the electronic properties examinations confirm the metallic behavior of all the considered compounds. Furthermore, the optical properties are improved through the involvement of alkali metals. Thus, the studied hydrides hold great promise in optoelectronic industries and pave the way toward experimental synthesis of hydride-based materials.

ABSTRACT. The RTK (Real Time Kinematic), DGPS mode is an important DGPS application in many projects and measurements. This mode measurement yielded an accuracy of a few mm in x, y, and z directions. To operate the RTK mode, many preparations must be made; therefore, the project aims to estimate precise measurements using static mode and a navigator to simulate the RTK mode through the use of static mode of the DGPS system. For this purpose, the Topcon HiPer- II DGPS and the old Garmin eTrex Vista were used to examine the methods that belong to the Remote Sensing Unit, College of Science. The rejoin of interest lies in the University of Baghdad campus, Baghdad, Iraq. The standard (C/A mode) accuracy of Garmin eTrex Vista navigator for one amusement is around (30-100) m, for a (5-15) minute time of navigation. After applying the correction using this modified method, the accuracy is improving up around (5) m. The team of the project aims to improve the accuracy of navigators through the simple use of DGPS static mode. The measurements of navigators are valid within a few hundred meters from the base point, so the RTK DGPS mode may be simulated using this method.

ABSTRACT. Markarian galaxies exhibit a declining molecular-to-atomic hydrogen mass ratio (MH₂/MHI) with increasing Hubble type, decreasing from approximately 8.7 in early types (t → −5) to nearly zero in late types (t ≈ 10), indicating evolutionary suppression of molecular gas. The star formation rate (SFR) correlates strongly with baryonic mass (slope = 0.70, r = 0.72), with young galaxies showing elevated specific star formation rates (SFR-to-mass ratios), especially in the visible and K bands, where partial correlations reach up to 0.95 in older galaxies. Markarian galaxies have about half as much gas as other field galaxies, yet they nevertheless have normal star-formation efficiency, which is probably due to nuclear activity. Early-type galaxies, on the other hand, have weaker SFR–gas-mass correlations because they have less gas. Atomic hydrogen mass scales moderately with baryonic mass (slopes ~0.5–0.63), with decreased scaling in older galaxies attributed to evolutionary and environmental effects. In different types of galaxies, baryonic mass and gas mass are very closely related (slopes 0.75–0.85, partial correlations 0.84–0.87). supports the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation and demonstrates the importance of gas in low-mass systems. These scaling relations explain how the amount of gas, the stage of a galaxy's history, and the processes that occur within galaxies work together to govern how stars form and how galaxies grow.

ABSTRACT. When working under uncertainty it is essential for a model to be robust enough to handle ambiguity, indistinguishability and computation limits to ensure a proper decision-making process. Classical fuzzy sets address the vagueness, while rough sets address superficial boundary uncertainty. Abstract Diophantine fuzzy sets increase the expressive power of classical models by adding some aspects of number theory. Abstract: Neuromorphic computing emerged as a promising brain-inspired paradigm for energy-efficient and real-time decision making based on spiking neural networks (SNNs). This study analyses how the classical Diophantine Neuromorphic Fuzzy Rough Sets (DN-FRS) are involved in multi-attribute decision-making (MADM). A literature survey summarizes the development of fuzzy rough set frameworks into their neuromorphic models. An exploration of how things have traditionally done will highlight strengths and weaknesses of previous approaches. According to the research, DN-FRS provides a scalable, accurate, and energy-efficient framework to tackle MADM problems, outperforming conventional methods. It describes theoretical foundations, methodology, and avenues for application to finance, healthcare, and engineering systems.

ABSTRACT. This study explores the feasibility of recycling waste polystyrene particles (WPS) with a cement matrix to produce a sustainable composite material. The composite material, containing cement, water, and waste particles (WPS), was characterized for its mechanical and thermal properties. The results showed significant improvements in thermal insulation and reduced compressive strength, compared to Portland cement. The addition of WPS enhanced the material's durability and resistance to cracking. This innovative composite material offers a promising solution for recycling waste polystyrene particles, reducing waste disposal issues, developing sustainable construction material, and improving the green environment.

ABSTRACT. This work deals with the study of the compositional and antibacterial properties of (Fe2O3 NPS) generated by green technology using Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract with the sol-gel method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed the crystalline nature of Fe2O3NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed the morphology of Fe2O3 NPs. FESEM and XRD calculated the average diameters of Fe2O3 to be (33.50-53.08) nm and (57.63-77.13) nm, 6.4934 nm and 7.0696 nm for Sol gel and green-manufactured Fe2O3 NP, respectively. The energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) and XRD pattern indicated that the produced (Fe2O3) Nps were highly pure. Fe2O3 NPs showed good antifungal activity against E. coli and Klebsiella sp. (gram-negative) bacterial pathogens, and the antifungal activity of the fungi (C. albicans).