Program

PROGRAM

Days: Sunday, September 21st Monday, September 22nd Tuesday, September 23rd Wednesday, September 24th Thursday, September 25th Friday, September 26th

Sunday, September 21st

View this program: with abstracts session overview talk overview

18:00-20:00 EUROGARD 10 - Welcome Cocktail and pre-registration

We are delighted to welcome you to EUROGARD 10!

We warmly invite you to join us for the Welcome Cocktail, which will take place on Sunday, 21st September, starting at 6:00 PM. This will be a wonderful opportunity to meet fellow participants and enjoy a pleasant evening together.

Please note that congress registration will be available starting from 5:00 PM, prior to the cocktail.

Location: Botanic Garden of Rome

Monday, September 22nd

View this program: with abstracts session overview talk overview

09:00-09:20 10th European Botanic Gardens Congress - Welcome and Opening

WELCOME ADDRESS:

Assessora all'Ambiente di Roma Capitale - Sabrina Alfonsi
Host - FAO representative:

OPENING SPEECHES

Hosting Institution: Botanic Garden of Rome - Fabio Attorre - Director
European network EBGC - BGCI (European Botanic Gardens Consortium - Botanic Gardens Conservation International) - Paul Smith - BGCI Secretary General
Horti - Italian Botanic Gardens network - Gianni Bedini - Coordinator
Allied network - Accademia dei Georgofili - Amedeo Alpi - Vice president

Chair:

Costantino Bonomi

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

09:20-10:00 Session Opening lecture

09:20

Stephen Blackmore

Botanic Gardens and decades of ecological restoration (abstract)

10:00-10:20 Session Invited Lecture

10:00

Michael Kiehn

Three decades of EuroGard conferences – stories of success (abstract)

10:20-10:30 Session Q&A

10:30-11:00Coffee Break

11:00-11:30 Session 1 - Plenary lecture: PLANT CONSERVATION AND ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION

Chair:

Mats Havström

11:00

Paul Smith and David Bartholomew

The role of Botanic Gardens in supporting and scaling up biodiverse ecological restoration (abstract)

PRESENTER: Paul Smith

11:30-12:30 Session 1: Oral presentations

11:30	Marko-Tapio Hyvärinen, Jere Nieminen and Riku Lumiaro The newest role of Botanic Gardens in combating biodiversity loss. (abstract) PRESENTER: Marko-Tapio Hyvärinen
11:50	Marc Reynders, Elke Bellefroid, Koen Es, Jutta Kleber, Lander Blommaert, Karel De Gendt and Steven Dessein The Green Ark: bringing ex situ living plant collections to the next level (abstract) PRESENTER: Marc Reynders
12:10	Costantino Bonomi, Cristina Salmeri, Antonia Cristaudo, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Luciano Di Martino, Cristina Villani, Valentino Casolo, Roberta Ceriani, Gabriele Casazza, Jože Bavcon, Lara Dixon, Joseph Buhagiar, Sara Magrini and Fabio Attorre Botanic Gardens approach to plant conservation: propagating and restoring top conservation priorities (abstract) PRESENTER: Costantino Bonomi

12:30-14:00Lunch Break

14:00-14:30 Session 2 - Plenary lecture: POLICIES AND STANDARDS

Chair:

Vito Emanuele Cambria

14:00

J. Cortina-Segarra, H. Abarca, A. Bonet, M. Derak, K. Disante, F. Ferri, A. Ibañez and A. Torres

A multicriteria and multiscale model for prioritizing forest restoration actions (abstract)

PRESENTER: J. Cortina-Segarra

14:30-15:30 Session 2: Oral presentations

14:30	Cara Nelson, James Hallett, Andrea Romero Montoya and Christophe Besacier The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration: best practices for repairing ecological integrity and enhancing human wellbeing (abstract) PRESENTER: Andrea Romero Montoya
14:50	Carly Cowell, Peter Wyse Jackson and Maite Delmas The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation - voluntary complementary action reporting and the Global Partnership for Plant Conservation Conference 2025 (abstract) PRESENTER: Carly Cowell
15:10	Patricia Malcolm, Hannes Dempewolf and Mats Havström Raising standards in Botanic Gardens: BGCI Accreditation Scheme (abstract) PRESENTER: Patricia Malcolm

15:30-16:00Coffee Break

16:00-16:30 Session 4 - Plenary lecture: SCIENCE, SUSTAINABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Chair:

Anneleen Kool

16:00

Nicola Schoenenberger and Jackson P. Wyse

World Flora Online: an essential tool for conservation (abstract)

PRESENTER: Nicola Schoenenberger

16:30-17:30 Session 4: Oral presentations

16:30	Barbara Gravendeel, Roderick Bouman, Rita Pucci and Rogier van Vugt AI-based monitoring of biodiversity in climate resilient hedges by Botanic Gardens (abstract) PRESENTER: Barbara Gravendeel
16:50	Jeremie Fant Managing meta-collections of exceptional species: adapting zoo pedigree management for plants (abstract)
17:10	Steven Dessein, Koen Es, Elke Bellefroid, Marc Reynders and Wim Speliers Reducing carbon footprint through sustainable renovation and innovation (abstract) PRESENTER: Koen Es

Tuesday, September 23rd

View this program: with abstracts session overview talk overview

09:00-10:30 Session 1: PLANT CONSERVATION AND ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION - 1 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Marko-Tapio Hyvärinen

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

09:00	Sandrine Godefroid, Domenico Cannova and Nanny Mens Contribution of Botanic Gardens to large-scale population and habitat restoration projects - an example from Belgium (abstract) PRESENTER: Sandrine Godefroid
09:18	Jože Bavcon and Blanka Ravnjak Examples of habitat restoration (abstract) PRESENTER: Jože Bavcon
09:36	Antonia Cristaudo, Anthony Zammit, Cristina Salmeri, Joseph Buhagiar, Giuseppe Diego Puglia, Giuseppina Alongi, Agata Irene Di Paola and Cristina Blandino The REGARD Project. Habitat REstoration and GARdens for bioDiversity enhancement in cross-border area (abstract) PRESENTER: Cristina Salmeri
09:54	Luigi Dell'Anna, Fabrizio Petrassi, Andrea Bonito, Sergio Carpentieri and Fabrizio Cipriani The reconstruction of a coastal dune (habitat 1210) at the Botanical Garden of Rome as an example of ex situ conservation action and popularization of nature restoration principles. (abstract) PRESENTER: Fabrizio Petrassi
10:12	Marco D'Antraccoli, Alessio Mo, Andrea Giannotti and Lorenzo Peruzzi Bringing Nature Back: restoring a former playground into a coastal park with native flora (abstract) PRESENTER: Marco D'Antraccoli

09:00-10:30 Session 2: POLICIES AND STANDARDS - 1 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Michael Kiehn

Location: IRAN ROOM

09:00	Carly Cowell and Megan Barstow A global coalition for a campaign to tackle the illegal trade in plants (abstract) PRESENTER: Carly Cowell
09:18	Darach Lupton, Matthew Jebb, Nora Mulcahy and Keith O Meara Horticulture on the front lines - the National Botanic Gardens of Ireland responding to the plant-poaching crisis in South Africa. (abstract) PRESENTER: Darach Lupton
09:36	Patricia Malcolm, Margeaux Apple, Ángela Cano and Samuel Brockington Facilitating material exchange across plant conservation organisations (abstract) PRESENTER: Patricia Malcolm
09:54	Nicolas Freyre, Louis Nusbaumer and Nicola Schoenenberger An updated living collections policy at the Geneva Botanical Garden (abstract) PRESENTER: Nicolas Freyre
10:12	Cristiane Sater Melnik, Yelena Finegold, Temitope Adelola, Zhuo Cheng, Gregory Obiang Ndong, Carmen Morales, Stefano Giaccio, Hasan Awad and Matheus Couto Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM): advancing transparent monitoring and disseminating good practices for restoration progress during the UN Decade (abstract) PRESENTER: Cristiane Sater Melnik

09:00-10:30 Session 3: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION 1 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Gianni Bedini

Location: AUSTRIA ROOM

09:00	Tomica Misljenovic and Milorad Vujičić Celebrating 150 years of the University Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”: a year of science, culture, and public engagement (abstract) PRESENTER: Tomica Misljenovic
09:18	Paulina Anastasiu and Petronela Camen-Comănescu Botanical Garden ”D. Brandza”, University of Bucharest: a promoter of educational and cultural activities (abstract) PRESENTER: Paulina Anastasiu
09:36	Roderick Bouman and Barbara Gravendeel Landscape transformation in the Hortus Leiden as seen through digitized historical images (abstract) PRESENTER: Roderick Bouman
09:54	Cristina Puricelli, Elisabetta Caporali, Paola Caccia, Manuel Bellarosa, Antonella Testa and Martin Kater 250th anniversary of the Brera Botanical Garden: from its past to its future role in society. (abstract) PRESENTER: Martin Kater
10:12	Ludmila Vishnevska and Laura Lidaka Environmental education center “Botania” - first reviews and conclusions (abstract) PRESENTER: Ludmila Vishnevska

10:30-11:00Coffee Break

11:00-12:30 Session 1: PLANT CONSERVATION AND ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION - 2 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Darach Lupton

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

11:00	Marco Porceddu, Alba Cuena-Lombraña, Ludovica Dessì, Mauro Fois, Lina Podda, Francesca Meloni, Marco Sarigu, Maria Enrica Boi and Gianluigi Bacchetta Conservation efforts in Sardinia for vascular plant species listed in Annexes of the Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC (abstract) PRESENTER: Marco Porceddu
11:18	Justyna Wiland-Szymańska and Alicja Kolsińska Challenges in propagation of rare and endangered plant species in ex situ collections for reintroduction purposes (abstract) PRESENTER: Justyna Wiland-Szymańska
11:36	S. Azzolini, C. Parisi, F. Moret and C. Bonomi Preliminary analyses on Dracocephalum austriacum show unexpected results regarding the Trentino populations (abstract) PRESENTER: S. Azzolini
11:54	Ilaria Panero, Vito Emanuele Cambria, Mariarca D'Aniello, Carlo Donadio, Paloma Perez-Bello, Fabio Marroni, Luciano Bosso, Annalisa Sant'Angelo, Sandro Strumia, Fabio Attorre and Giuseppe Fabrini A multidisciplinary approach to the translocation of Primula palinuri Petagna, an italian endemism (abstract) PRESENTER: Ilaria Panero
12:12	Maria Enrica Boi, Alba Cuena-Lombraña, Ludovica Dessì, Mauro Fois, Andrea Lallai, Lina Podda, Marco Porceddu, Marco Sarigu and Gianluigi Bacchetta Combined efforts for the conservation of plant diversity and habitat restoration: the Sardinian experience among Life SeedForce project (abstract) PRESENTER: Maria Enrica Boi

11:00-12:30 Session 3: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION - 2 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Eleni Maloupa

Location: IRAN ROOM

11:00	Juri Nascimbene, Monica Azzolini, Silvia Del Vecchio, Umberto Mossetti and Fabrizio Buldrini Beyond the challenge of digitization, decolonization and climate change: multiple value of the botanical collections of the University of Bologna (Italy) (abstract) PRESENTER: Juri Nascimbene
11:18	Shanna T. Jones The power of plant records to engage a wide audience (abstract)
11:36	Asta Klimienė and Erika Kaškeliene The content and diversity of active ingredients in medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family growing in Lithuania (abstract) PRESENTER: Asta Klimienė
11:54	Gerald Parolly Adolf Engler and the making of Berlin‘s ‘plant geography’ (abstract)
12:12	Vivek Chopra Preserving traditional knowledge: a Herbal Garden-based approach to medicinal plant conservation at Hindu College (abstract)

11:00-12:30 Session 4 - Workshop: SCIENCE, SUSTAINABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Parallel session - Workshop 1

Location: AUSTRIA ROOM

11:00

Richard Piacentini, Sonja Bochart, Mara Sugni and Costantino Bonomi

The Climate Toolkit: Developing Strategies for Effective Climate Action (abstract)

PRESENTER: Richard Piacentini

12:30-14:00Lunch Break

14:00-15:30 Session 2 - Workshop: POLICIES AND STANDARDS

Parallel session - Workshop 2

Location: AUSTRIA ROOM

14:00

Sarah Dalrymple, Andreas Ensslin, Simon Kallow and Ensconet Consortium

Workshop : Revising the ENSCONET Seed Collecting Manual (abstract)

PRESENTER: Andreas Ensslin

14:00-15:30 Session 3: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION - 3 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Koen Es

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

14:00	Luca Malatesta, Stefano Petrella, Giuliano Fanelli, Dario La Montagna and Michele De Sanctis A citizen science approach to urban biodiversity investigation and monitoring: the Atlas of the Flora of Aguzzano Regional Park in Rome (abstract) PRESENTER: Luca Malatesta
14:18	Chiara Fedrigotti, Helen Catherine Wiesinger and Lisa Angelini Discovering alpine biodiversity through citizen science: a tiny collection of best practices from the Viote Alpine Botanical Garden (abstract) PRESENTER: Chiara Fedrigotti
14:36	Nienke Beets, Sharon van den Burg, Tuomas Aivelo, Anne Land-Zandstra and Paul Keβler Completeness and biases of large and small scope citizen science datasets of Dutch urban flora (abstract) PRESENTER: Nienke Beets
14:54	Caren Queiroz-Souza, Luciano Lopes, Alexandre Kannenbly, Ana Claudia Lessinger, Ana Elisa Silva, Carolina Montoya, Dayana Almeida, Débora Rother, Eliana Leite, Ezequiel Ortolan, Flavia Thiemann, Juliana Macedo, Juliano Baltazar, Kayna Agostini, Larissa Pereira, Luzia Costa, Manoel Dias-Filho, Margareth Sekiama, Maria Elina Bichuette, Monica Nunes, Patricia Alves, Pedro Galleti, Pedro Varoni, Renata Sebastiani, Renato Montagnolli, Ricardo Fujihara, Sonia Buck, Vlamir Rocha, Valeria Barbosa, Valeria Martins, Vinicius São Pedro, Erico Masiero and Angélica Maria Penteado Martins Dias Designing multi-taxa citizen science protocols to foster biodiversity monitoring and human–nature connection in urban green spaces (abstract) PRESENTER: Caren Queiroz-Souza
15:12	Katia Astafieff Social inclusion and volunteering at the Botanical Gardens of Nancy, France (abstract)

14:00-15:30 Session 4: SCIENCE, SUSTAINABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES - 1 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Patricia Malcolm

Location: IRAN ROOM

14:00	Lukáš Karas and Adam Holub Variability in cotyledon moprhology in Boswellia bullata within selected localities on Socotra Island (abstract) PRESENTER: Lukáš Karas
14:18	Khamis Shamsul and Mat Yunoh Siti-Munirah Rafflesia of West Malaysia (peninsular Malaysia): research and conservation efforts (abstract) PRESENTER: Khamis Shamsul
14:36	Natalie Holesova Evaluating the impact of different types of super-absorbents on seedling growth in tropical and subtropical regions (abstract)
14:54	Maria Margarida Ribeiro, Alice Maria Almeida, Natália Roque, Celestino Quintela-Sabarís and Paulo Fernandez Rockrose: glimpsing the past to foresee the future (abstract) PRESENTER: Maria Margarida Ribeiro
15:12	Flavia Bartoli, Maria Antonietta Pontrandolfi, Zohreh Hosseini and Giulia Caneva Assessment of the floristic, biogeographical and conservation values of the ancient Experimental Agricultural Gardens: the case of “Villa Santa Maria in Potenza” (Italy) (abstract) PRESENTER: Flavia Bartoli

15:30-16:00Coffee Break

16:00-17:30 Session 1: PLANT CONSERVATION AND ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION - 3 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Sandrine Godefroid

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

16:00	Carlos Aguiar, Tiago Monteiro-Henriques, João Castro, Henrique Mira-Godinho, Avelino Rego, Marco Fernandes and Duarte Marques From degradation to regeneration: restoring hay-meadows and communal pastures in Portuguese mountains (abstract) PRESENTER: Carlos Aguiar
16:15	Vlastik Rybka Botanical Gardens towards saving of endangered plant species in the Czech Republic (abstract)
16:30	Maria Höhn and Vince Zsigmond High rate of the endangered flora of the Pannonian piogeographic region preserved in Botanic Gardens of Hungary (abstract) PRESENTER: Maria Höhn
16:45	Eleni Maloupa, Ekaterini Grigoriadou, Charalampia Charalampidou, Dimitris Fotakis, Panayotis Dimopoulos, Aikaterini Papanastasi, Andreas Oikonomou, Nikolaos Tourvas and Filippos Aravanopoulos Ex-situ conservation of Greek native plant species: current status, data integration, and strategic proposals (abstract) PRESENTER: Eleni Maloupa
17:00	Petr Maděra, Kay Van Damme, Dario La Montagna, Salem Hamdiah, Michele De Sanctis, Mohamad Amar, Salem Keybani, Petr Vahalík, Mohamad Shanayeghen, Ahmed Adeeb, Ahmed Issa, Frans Bongers and Fabio Attorre Conservation assessment and in situ protection of endemic tree species in the Socotra archipelago (abstract) PRESENTER: Dario La Montagna
17:15	Daniele Cicuzza The high biodiversity in tropical regions and the challenge of the Botanic Gardens between conservation and education. (abstract)

16:00-17:30 Session 2 - Workshop (cont): POLICIES AND STANDARDS

Parallel session - Workshop 2 (continued)

ENSCONET ANNUAL MEETING

PRESENTER: Andreas Ensslin

Location: AUSTRIA ROOM

16:00-17:30 Session 4: SCIENCE, SUSTAINABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES - 2 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Nicolas Freyre

Location: IRAN ROOM

16:00	Francesco Dal Grande, Francesco Petruzzellis, Núria Beltran-Sanz, Anna Pasinato, Carola Greve, Gianpiero Marconi, Emidio Albertini, Patrick Griffith and Tomas Morosinotto Sequencing a living monument: genomics and conservation of Goethe’s palm (Chamaerops humilis) (abstract) PRESENTER: Francesco Dal Grande
16:18	Natalia Onica, Ion Rosca, Maria Tabara, Aliona Glijin and Cosmina Oana Arabela Venat The taxonomy of the genus Hydrangea Gronov. ex l., in the “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute) (abstract) PRESENTER: Natalia Onica
16:36	Mariacristina Villani The Botanical Garden of Padova, a bridge between the renaissance and the future through the botanical collections (abstract)
16:54	N. Surano and R. Schicchi Botanical Garden: Historical-Botanical Analysis and GIS Reorganization of the Collections (abstract) PRESENTER: N. Surano
17:12	Lisa Angelini and Maria Chiara Deflorian From integration to innovation: how unified botanical collection management redefined museum policy and practice (abstract) PRESENTER: Lisa Angelini

Wednesday, September 24th

View this program: with abstracts session overview talk overview

08:00-17:00 FULL DAY EXCURSIONS

Full day excursions (optional with extra cost)

Departure at 08:00 from FAO

A coastal treasure in rome: the wood of Palo laziale(Oasi di Palo laziale – Ladispoli, Rome)
The Garden of Ninfa(Cisterna di Latina, Latina)
Villa Gregoriana(Tivoli, Rome)
Palazzo Farnese(Caprarola, Viterbo)

Guided tour, private bus, visit and box lunch

09:00-17:00 Session 4 - Workshop: SCIENCE, SUSTAINABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Workshop 3

Location: Botanic Garden of Rome

09:00

Lara Salido, Itxaso Quintana and Cristina Coletto

Emerald Ash Borer Monitoring and Mitigation (abstract)

PRESENTER: Lara Salido

Thursday, September 25th

View this program: with abstracts session overview talk overview

09:00-09:30 Session 3 - Plenary lecture: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION

Chair:

Justyna Wiland-Szymańska

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

09:00

O. Mayoral

Botanic Gardens as agents of change: education, networks and climate action (abstract)

09:30-10:30 Session 3: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION - 4 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

09:30	Jemima Tweedale, Barbara Knickmann, Costantino Bonomi and Simon Kallow European native seed conservation networks’ role in a decade of ecosystem restoration (abstract) PRESENTER: Jemima Tweedale
09:50	Marta Galloni, Nicola Lothar Herrmann, Fortunato Fulvio Bitonto, Annalisa Managlia, Umberto Mossetti, Giovanna Dante, Fabrizio Tenna, Marta Barberis, Laura Bortolotti, Athanasia Chroni, Georgios Nakas, Maria Tzannetou and Theodora Petanidou Innovative educational approaches and tools in Botanic Gardens to reveal the unseen biodiversity (abstract) PRESENTER: Marta Galloni
10:10	Anneleen Kool Back to our roots - ex situ conservation of medicinal plants species for doctors and pharmacists (abstract)

10:30-11:00Coffee Break

11:00-12:30 Session 3: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION - 5 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Vanja Nikola Stamenkovic

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

11:00	Patricia Malcolm, Emily Beech and Carly Cowell BGCI advancing plant conservation efforts though networks, data and services (abstract) PRESENTER: Patricia Malcolm
11:18	Paul Smith, Kirsty Shaw and David Bartholomew The Ecological Restoration Alliance of Botanic Gardens: supporting efforts to scale up the restoration of damaged, degraded and destroyed ecosystems around the world (abstract) PRESENTER: Paul Smith
11:36	Elke Zippel, Anna Heinken-Šmídová, Okka Tschöpe and Wips-De-Consortium A German network of Botanical Gardens for conservation of local and regional plant biodiversity (abstract) PRESENTER: Elke Zippel
11:54	Cristina Salmeri, Fabio Attorre, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Davide Barberis, Costantino Bonomi, Antonio Borzatti, Simona Casavecchia, Gabriele Casazza, Valentino Casolo, Roberta Ceriani, Antonia Cristaudo, Ignazio Digangi, Luciano Di Martino, Fabio Gugliemo, Valeria Negri, Mariacristina Villani and Sara Magrini The Italian network of germplasm banks (RIBES) and its role in plant conservation and habitat restoration (abstract) PRESENTER: Cristina Salmeri
12:12	Barbara Knickmann, Solveig Franziska Bucher, Isabell Hensen, Aletta Bonn, Martin Freiberg, Birgit Nordt, Robert Rauschkolb and Christine Römermann PhenObs – a global network of Botanical Gardens for phenological observations (abstract) PRESENTER: Barbara Knickmann

11:00-12:30 Session 3 - Workshop: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION

Parallel session - Whorkshop 4

Location: AUSTRIA ROOM

11:00

Stina Weststrand and Åsa Krüger

Species knowledge, education and botanic gardens (abstract)

PRESENTER: Stina Weststrand

11:00-12:30 Session 4: SCIENCE, SUSTAINABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES - 3 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Stephanie Socher

Location: IRAN ROOM

11:00	Blanka Ravnjak and Jože Bavcon Botanical Gardens as carriers of knowledge about green infrastructure (abstract) PRESENTER: Blanka Ravnjak
11:15	Frank Schumacher, Cecilie Foldal, Annick Kleiner, Iris Otterspeer, Thomas Roth, Hannes Lenz, Erik Szamosvari and Andrea Kodym Urban mini-forests contribute to biodiversity and climate adaption and mitigation - really? (abstract) PRESENTER: Frank Schumacher
11:30	Gabriele Rinaldi, Francesco Zonca and Mara Sugni Green infrastructure and active citizenship: case studies from the Bergamo Botanical Garden (abstract) PRESENTER: Gabriele Rinaldi
11:45	Ludovica Sparro, Vito Emanuele Cambria, Marta Borgi, Francesca Cirulli, Letizia Leccese, Corrado Fagnani and Emanuela Medda Exploring the link between residential green exposure and wellbeing: insights from an Italian twin study (abstract) PRESENTER: Ludovica Sparro
12:00	Fabiola Fratini and Tullia Valeria Di Giacomo The Eco-Pedagogical Microforest: innovative green learning for an educating community (abstract) PRESENTER: Tullia Valeria Di Giacomo
12:15	Ana Raquel Cunha, Ana Luisa Soares, Silvia Catarino, Maria Cristina Duarte and Maria Manuel Romeiras Future-proofing Lisbon's green heritage: assessing tree vulnerability in Historical Gardens under climate change (abstract) PRESENTER: Ana Luisa Soares

12:30-14:00Lunch Break

14:00-15:30 Session 2: POLICIES AND STANDARDS - 2 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Gianluigi Bacchetta

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

14:00	Carly Cowell and Megan Joyce Reversing the Red: pathways to boost engagement on species recovery (abstract) PRESENTER: Carly Cowell
14:18	Cristina Coletto and Roniance Adhiambo Right tree in the right place for the right purpose: knowledge and tools for planting native tree species (abstract) PRESENTER: Cristina Coletto
14:36	Carlo Calfapietra and Chiara Baldacchini Nature-based solutions in European Environmental Policy and the role of the National Biodiversity Future Centre (abstract) PRESENTER: Carlo Calfapietra
14:54	Cristiane Sater Melnik, Yelena Finegold, Temitope Adelola, Zhuo Cheng, Gregory Obiang Ndong, Stefano Giaccio, Carmen Morales, Hasan Awad and Matheus Couto FERM’s Interoperability Solutions for KM-GBF Target 2 reporting and global ecosystem restoration monitoring (abstract) PRESENTER: Cristiane Sater Melnik
15:12	Maïté Delmas, Juliette Babin, Carly Cowell and Denis Larpin Strengthening expertise in Botanic Gardens at political, scientific and technical levels: Integrating the new GSPC actions into the online course on Botanic Garden management (abstract) PRESENTER: Maïté Delmas

14:00-15:30 Session 3: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION - 6 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Tiziana Ulian

Location: IRAN ROOM

14:00	Åsa Krüger and Stina Weststrand How can we spark people's interest for the fascinating world of botany? (abstract) PRESENTER: Åsa Krüger
14:18	Laure Kloetzer, Harald Raaijimakers, Dawn Sanders, Léa Wobmann and Blaise Muhlhauser Expanding Education Across Botanic Gardens: Current Challenges (abstract) PRESENTER: Laure Kloetzer
14:36	Karin Kompatscher Botany meets emotion: learning and engagement at the Gardens of Trauttmansdorff Castle, Merano, Italy (abstract)
14:54	Andreas Oikonomou, Konstantina Karakasi, Marina Panagiotidou, Eleni Mavropoulou and Eleni Maloupa Botanic Gardens as living classrooms: a pedagogy of ecological restoration for the climate-crisis generation (abstract) PRESENTER: Andreas Oikonomou
15:12	Anastasia Stefanaki, Gerard van Buiten, Gijs Steur, Edwin Pos and Tinde van Andel The cultural heritage of stinzen plants in the Netherlands: research, education and public outreach at the Utrecht University Botanic Gardens (abstract) PRESENTER: Anastasia Stefanaki

14:00-15:30 Session 3 - Workshop: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION

Parallel session - Workshop 5

Location: AUSTRIA ROOM

14:00

Hannes Dempewolf, Dylan Fuller, Paul Smith and Alvaro Toledo

An introduction to the Global Conservation Consortium on Food Plants – a partnership between the Botanic Garden and crop communities. (abstract)

PRESENTER: Dylan Fuller

15:30-16:00Coffee Break

16:00-17:30 Session 2: POLICIES AND STANDARDS - 3 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Carly Cowell

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

16:00	Lara Salido and Itxaso Quintana The International Plant Sentinel Network: enhancing early warning and biosecurity for global plant conservation (abstract) PRESENTER: Lara Salido
16:18	Ferretti Giulio, Giulia Torta, Tiziana Panzavolta, Luisa Ghelardini and Matteo Bracalini Monitoring of Euwallacea spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a complex of harmful invasive tropical beetles, in Italian Botanical Gardens (abstract) PRESENTER: Luisa Ghelardini
16:36	Thomas Jung, Marilia Horta Jung, Ivan Milenkovic, Bruno Scanu, Ana Pérez-Sierra, Joan F. Webber and Clive M. Brasier Urgent need for EU regulation and nursery accreditation schemes to prevent spread of introduced invasive plant pathogens via restoration activities. (abstract) PRESENTER: Thomas Jung
16:54	Francesca Boero, Elena Zappa, Mauro Mariotti and Stefano Vanin Protecting plant biodiversity: managing alien insects in the Hanbury Botanic Gardens (Ventimiglia, Italy) (abstract) PRESENTER: Francesca Boero
17:12	Itxaso Quintana and Lara Salido The International Plant Sentinel Network: building capacity for global plant health and biosecurity effort (abstract) PRESENTER: Itxaso Quintana

16:00-17:30 Session 3: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION - 7 - Oral presentations

Parallel session - Special session on Botanic Garden re-development in the Next Generation EU Funding scheme

Chair:

Giuseppe La Mastra

Location: IRAN ROOM

16:00	Francesco Del Grande, M. Villani and T. Morosinotto Revitalizing a Unesco botanical heritage for the future: infrastructure and innovation at the University of Padua Botanical Garden through the PNRR (abstract) PRESENTER: Francesco Del Grande
16:15	E. Sgarbi, A. Gelli, G. Barbieri, G. Bosi and L. Maffettone The Botanic Garden of Unimore: a recent restoration project gave back a place rich in history, plant science and culture (abstract) PRESENTER: E. Sgarbi
16:30	C. Bonomi, G. Strappazzon and F. Volpato Redeveloping Arco Arboretum in the Next Generation EU scheme (abstract) PRESENTER: C. Bonomi
16:45	Nicola Maria Giuseppe Ardenghi, Silvia Assini and Paolo Cauzzi Roots in the past and crown projected into the future: restoration and renovation of the Pavia Botanic Garden (Italy). (abstract) PRESENTER: Nicola Maria Giuseppe Ardenghi
17:00	R. Schicchi, M. Gruttadauria, J Nigrelli, A. Sorce and N. Surano N. Regeneration and Sustainable Enhancement of the Botanical Garden of Palermo: Interventions and Results of the PNRR Project (abstract) PRESENTER: R. Schicchi
17:15	Michele Adorni, Nicola Franchini, Giacomo Moia, Fabio Mori and Renato Bruni Beyond the hortus conclusus: the transformation of Parma’s botanical garden (abstract) PRESENTER: Michele Adorni
17:20	Francesco Bedeschi, Tiziana Pescosolido and Marco Mari SITES® as a performance-based framework for the sustainable management of historic green spaces (abstract) PRESENTER: Francesco Bedeschi

16:00-17:30 Session 4 - Workshop: SCIENCE, SUSTAINABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Parallel session - Workshop 6

Location: AUSTRIA ROOM

16:00

Tiziana Ulian, Maria Chiara Pastore, Consolata Siniscalco and Maraeva Gianella

Botanic Gardens for Biodiverse and Resilient Cities: Their Strategic Role in the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (abstract)

PRESENTER: Tiziana Ulian

19:00-20:00 Session APERI-POSTER: POSTER SESSION

APERI-POSTER: poster session & aperitif

Location: Botanic Garden of Rome

Gitana Stukeniene, Audrius Skridaila and Violeta Stakeliene

Conservation of Lithuanian national plant genetic resources in Vilnius University Botanical Garden (abstract)

PRESENTER: Gitana Stukeniene

Loretta Giuseppina Pace, Flavio Tarquini, Angelo Riti and Fabio Attorre

The role of multidisciplinary approaches to the study of high-altitude plant conservation in the Alpine Garden of Campo Imperatore “V. Rivera” (Gran Sasso d'Italia) (abstract)

PRESENTER: Loretta Giuseppina Pace

Kenny Stevens

Ecosystem development and reinforcement through water- and landscape management at Meise Botanic Garden (abstract)

Clara Merlini, Athos Pedrelli, Lorenzo Pippi, Lorenzo Cotrozzi, Margherita Neri, Damiano Remorini, Andrea Giannotti, Marco D'Antraccoli, Giacomo Lorenzini, Cristina Nali and Elisa Pellegrini

Fast, cost-effective and non-destructive technologies to detect critical conditions in veteran tree in the Botanic Garden of the University of Pisa (Italy). (abstract)

PRESENTER: Clara Merlini

Milorad Vujičić and Tomica Misljenovic

The humanitarian new year garden: bridging botany, culture and community (abstract)

PRESENTER: Milorad Vujičić

Roderick Bouman and Barbara Gravendeel

Annotating living type collections in botanic gardens (abstract)

PRESENTER: Roderick Bouman

Rein Kalamees and Mari Sild

Restoring species-rich grasslands in Tallinn. Should we remove shredded grass or not? (abstract)

PRESENTER: Rein Kalamees

Wuu Kuang Soh, Patrick Langan, Eva Dreyer, Darren Reidy, Christina Campbell, Rainer Bussman, Kenneth Bauters, Lars Chatrou and Colin Kelleher

A transnational approach to herbarium digitisation (abstract)

PRESENTER: Wuu Kuang Soh

Tomica Misljenovic, Jovana Bila Dubaić and Milorad Vujičić

Pollinator oasis in an urban Botanical Garden: a model for education and conservation (abstract)

PRESENTER: Tomica Misljenovic

J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort, Francisco J. Díaz-Peña, M. Carmen Jaizme-Vega, Milagros León-Barrios, Agueda María González-Rodríguez, Adolfo Perdomo-González, Marta Pérez-Redondo, Carlos Samarín-Bello and Sofía Rodríguez-Núñez

A Botanical Garden experience in the restoration of an arid-semiarid land (Lanzarote, Canary Islands) (abstract)

PRESENTER: J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort

Alicja Kolasińska, Justyna Wiland-Szymańska, Justyna Chrzanowska and Živa Fišer

Through national identity and culture towards endangered plant protection (abstract)

PRESENTER: Alicja Kolasińska

Kenneth Bauters, Chantal Dugardin, Delphine Cooleman, Jaro De Nauw, Phaedra Lagaet, Janne Stevens and Lars Chatrou

Conservation and taxonomic assessment of the orchid collection at the Ghent University Botanical Garden (abstract)

PRESENTER: Kenneth Bauters

Pille Hermann

Integrating plant crafts into learning (abstract)

Chantal Dugardin and Kenneth Bauters

Assessing the representation and conservation of Aristolochia in Belgian ex situ collections (abstract)

PRESENTER: Chantal Dugardin

Pablo Gho, Phaedra Lagaet, Kenneth Bauters and Chantal Dugardin

Propagation of Aristolochia taxa: horticultural trials to strengthen ex situ collections (abstract)

PRESENTER: Chantal Dugardin

Mari Sild and Rein Kalamees

Mitigation translocations in Estonia: assessing the outcomes (abstract)

PRESENTER: Rein Kalamees

Barbara Knickmann, Leonid Rasran, Stephanie Hauser, Roland Eberwein, Felix Schlatti, Maria Holoubek, Markus Bodner, Konrad Pagitz, Peter Schönswetter, Frank Schumacher and Stephanie Socher

Conservation project of threatened plant species of Austria (abstract)

PRESENTER: Barbara Knickmann

Cloé Trouillet, Lou Barbe and Marion Trannoy-Voisin

“L’ortu botanicu” of the Citadel of Corte, a laboratory for conservation, restauration and scientific mediation (abstract)

PRESENTER: Cloé Trouillet

Rodolfo Gentili, Enrico Banfi, Luca Bucci, Sandra Citterio, Elena Colombo, Carla Daturi, Gabriele Galasso, Lara Assunta Quaglini, Daniele Restelli and Elisabetta Tonali

A new Botanical Garden at Cernusco sul Naviglio in the hinterland of Milan? (abstract)

PRESENTER: Rodolfo Gentili

Maria Tabara, Nina Ciorchină, Natalia Onica, Oana Venat, Liliana Bădulescu and Ioana-Cătălina Nicolae Nicolae

Comparative analysis of micropropagation in ‘Licurici’ and ‘Erma’ cultivars of Lycium barbarum: advancing genetic resource preservation and ecological resilience (abstract)

PRESENTER: Maria Tabara

Alessio Mo, Marco D'Antraccoli, Pietro Picconi, Davide Borgioli and Lorenzo Peruzzi

Rooting knowledge of collections: an open-source plant documentation system for Botanic Gardens (abstract)

PRESENTER: Alessio Mo

Alejandro Santiago González, Guillermo García-Saúco Sánchez and José María Herranz Sanz

The increase of urban biodiversity in a modern Botanic Garden – a hopeful perspective for future horticulture and nature conservation (abstract)

PRESENTER: Alejandro Santiago González

Vincent Goldschmid, Nicolas Freyre and Nicola Schoenenberger

Organic horticulture: how to manage greenhouse collections in Geneva (abstract)

PRESENTER: Vincent Goldschmid

Darren Reidy and Colin Kelleher

Establishing the National Seed Bank at the National Botanic Gardens of Ireland (abstract)

PRESENTER: Darren Reidy

Vanja Nikola Stamenkovic, Sanja Kovačić, Dubravka Sandev and Katarina Husnjak Malovec

The importance of being Gridl: Restoration attempts of the 1892 greenhouse in Zagreb University Botanical Garden (abstract)

PRESENTER: Vanja Nikola Stamenkovic

Lauma Keire, Ieva Akmane and Solvita Rusina

From concept to reality: Three urban meadow initiatives at the University of Latvia Botanical Garden (abstract)

PRESENTER: Lauma Keire

Monika Rękoś, Mateusz Sowelo and Dominika Górecka

Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań as a place of interdisciplinary education based on educational trail ‘nature and journey - the story of polish people abroad’ (abstract)

PRESENTER: Monika Rękoś

Petronela Camen Comanescu, Eugenia Nagoda, Maria Raicu and Paulina Anastasiu

The Gardens of Knowledge – an environmental education project for urban biodiversity (abstract)

PRESENTER: Petronela Camen Comanescu

Paulina Anastasiu and Petronela Camen-Comănescu

Botanical Garden ”D. Brandza”, University of Bucharest: landscape changes over the decades. (abstract)

PRESENTER: Paulina Anastasiu

Cyril Boillat, Régis Crisnaire, Dominique Vivent, Blaise Mulhauser, Raoul Palese and Nicola Schoenenberger

Botalista – A tool based on the open-source principle for managing botanical collections and sharing information within a user community (abstract)

PRESENTER: Nicola Schoenenberger

Flavio Tarquini, Giorgia Piloni, Claudio Scintu and Pasqualino Donato

Reproduction and propagation of the genetic heritage of the monumental trees of the city of Rome (abstract)

PRESENTER: Flavio Tarquini

Ona Ragažinskienė and Nerijus Jurkonis

From long-term research on medicinal and aromatic plants to the European Council cultural route of historic pharmacies and Medicinal Gardens (abstract)

PRESENTER: Nerijus Jurkonis

Elena Brunori, Alessandro Rocci, Ilenia Baraccani, Fabio Attorre and Rita Biasi

Digital phenotyping and eco-physiological responses of a grapevine collection in the Rome Botanical Garden: implications for urban climate adaptation strategies (abstract)

PRESENTER: Rita Biasi

Catarina Ferreira, João Gonçalves, César Capinha, Bruno Almeida, Ana Campilho and Carlos Martins Vila-Viçosa

Forecasting future climate scenarios projects northward and upslope range shifts of the Lusitanian dwarf-oak (Quercus lusitanica Lam.) and supports the conservation of fragmented Atlantic refugia (abstract)

PRESENTER: Carlos Martins Vila-Viçosa

Virginia Chiara Cuccaro, Vito Emanuele Cambria, Ilaria Panero, Giuliano Fanelli, Luca Malatesta, Michele De Sanctis and Fabio Attorre

Adapting the Miyawaki method to Mediterranean urban environments: a pilot study on biodiversity and ecological resilience (abstract)

PRESENTER: Virginia Chiara Cuccaro

Olga Mayoral, Raquel de Rivas and Alejandro Santiago

Mediterranean Botanical Gardens and climate change: integrating nature-based solutions into outdoor education (abstract)

PRESENTER: Olga Mayoral

Francesca Ferroni, Kristina Micalizzi, Carlo Febbi, Vito Emanuele Cambria, Fabio Attorre and Marcello Vitale

Integrating structural and physiological modelling to guide native species selection in Mediterranean forest restoration (abstract)

PRESENTER: Francesca Ferroni

Carlo Fratarcangeli, Virginia Chiara Cuccaro, Vito Emanuele Cambria, Alessandro Donati, Gianmarco Grippo and Marco Stefanelli

Integrated ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation in the Monte Cairo Natura 2000 site (abstract)

PRESENTER: Carlo Fratarcangeli

Daniela Gigante, Federica Bonini, Valentina Ferri, Francesco Falcinelli, M. Fratoni, Anna Grassi, Maurizio Micucci, Marco Maovaz, Antonella Montanucci, Valeria Negri, Lorenzo Raggi, Eliane Sayde and David Grohmann

Botanical Gardens for plant conservation: successful experiences from the life "IMAGINE" (abstract)

PRESENTER: Daniela Gigante

Elena Zappa, Ian Briozzo, Michela Montone, Gabriele Casazza, Carlo Mascarello, Mauro Mariotti, Barbara Ruffoni, Marco Savona and Luigi Minuto

Conservation of endangered native plants at Hanbury Botanic Gardens (abstract)

PRESENTER: Elena Zappa

Jarmila Skružná, Eva Novozámská, Lucie Strnadová, Adéla Pokorná and Sylva Dobalová

Healing gardens from leather-bound books. The oldest Hortus Siccus in Czechia (1595) rediscoverd (abstract)

PRESENTER: Jarmila Skružná

E. Poli Marchese, S. Sciandrello, A. Sidoti and G.P. Giusso del Galdo

The Botanic Garden Nuova Gussonea (Mt. Etna, Sicily), its structure and role for the conservation of the mountain plant diversity (abstract)

PRESENTER: E. Poli Marchese

20:00-23:00 Social Dinner (optional with extra costs, requires reservations)

The social dinner will be at the Botanic Garden of Rome

Location: Botanic Garden of Rome

Friday, September 26th

View this program: with abstracts session overview talk overview

09:00-10:30 Session 3: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION - 8 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Maïté Delmas

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

09:00	Consolata Siniscalco, Tiziana Ulian, Loic Maurice Mingozzi, Mareva Gianella and Elena Barni Enhancing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Cities: The Strategic Role of Botanic Gardens (abstract) PRESENTER: Consolata Siniscalco
09:18	Silvia Assini, Dorigotti Serena, Patrizia Berera, Matteo Barcella and Gabriele Gheza Education on habitats and habitat restoration: the case of the life drylands kit (abstract) PRESENTER: Silvia Assini
09:36	Zohreh Hosseini, Giulia Albani Rocchetti, Flavia Bartoli, Thomas Abeli and Giulia Caneva Archaeological sites as bridges between cultural heritage and plant biodiversity: examining integrated management needs in the Mediterranean basin . (abstract) PRESENTER: Zohreh Hosseini
09:54	Metka Pivec and Andrej Šušek Natural and cultural heritage & ethnobotany - educational programs for elementary schools in the Botanical Garden of the University of Maribor (abstract) PRESENTER: Metka Pivec
10:12	Tiziana Turco and Salvatore Pasta The cultivation of ornamental orchids in Sicily: a forgotten history spanning two centuries. (abstract) PRESENTER: Salvatore Pasta

09:00-10:30 Session 3 - Workshop: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION

Parallel session - Workshop 7

Location: AUSTRIA ROOM

09:00

Mara Sugni, Gabriele Rinaldi and Francesco Zonca

Plant blindness: to see, to not see, to help visitors see plants (abstract)

PRESENTER: Mara Sugni

09:00-10:30 Session 4: SCIENCE, SUSTAINABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES - 4 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Patricia Malcolm

Location: IRAN ROOM

09:00	Martin Smit and Edwin Pos The story that seed and plant catalogues tell about our global living plant collections’ history (abstract) PRESENTER: Martin Smit
09:18	Arnau Ribera Tort, Thomas Freeth, Robert Turner, Mike McCormick, Olivia Smith, Sarah Cheseldine, Richard Dodd and Evgeniy Meyke Linking collection objects at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: a unified approach for occurrence-based management (abstract) PRESENTER: Arnau Ribera Tort
09:36	Havard Ostgaard, Susanna Rambelli and Angelica Casini Ropa Bridging the inventory gap: leveraging technology to improve tracking of living collections in Botanic Gardens (abstract) PRESENTER: Havard Ostgaard
09:54	George Anthony Verboom, Nicola Georgina Bergh, Hannes Dempewolf, Mats Havström, Kent Kainulainen, Åsa Kruger, Jonatan Leo, Johan Nilsson and Stina Weststrand Geophytic monocots in living collections: diversity capture, biases and gaps (abstract) PRESENTER: George Anthony Verboom
10:12	Claudio Frezza, Daniela De Vita, Claudio Scintu, Mauro Serafini and Fabio Attorre Plant collections of botanical garden are a treasure to explore: the case of Wollemia nobilis W.G.Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen from the Botanical Garden of Rome (abstract) PRESENTER: Claudio Frezza

10:30-11:00Coffee Break

11:00-12:00 Session 3: NETWORKING, SOCIETY, PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION - 9 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Vlastik Rybka

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM

11:00	Patricia Malcolm, Samuel Brockington and Paul Smith Maximising conservation value of Botanic Gardens collections (abstract) PRESENTER: Patricia Malcolm
11:18	Andrew Wyatt and Charling Chen Combining living collections curation and landscape design to support broad mission based needs (abstract) PRESENTER: Andrew Wyatt
11:36	Kenneth Bauters and Chantal Dugardin From inventory to insight: assessing the scientific and conservation value of botanical collections (abstract) PRESENTER: Kenneth Bauters

11:00-12:00 Session 4: SCIENCE, SUSTAINABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES - 5 - Oral presentations

Parallel session

Chair:

Mara Sugni

Location: IRAN ROOM

11:00	Sarina Veldman Growing greener: towards a more sustainable future at Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam. (abstract)
11:18	Stanislav Hybler and Vojtěch Hybler Optimizing Greenhouse Conditions through Glazing Materials and Modular 3D-Printed Structures (abstract) PRESENTER: Stanislav Hybler
11:36	Katia Astafieff An innovative augmented reality tour application in Nancy Botanical Garden, France (abstract)

12:00-13:00 CONCLUDING PLENARY - Botanic Gardens in the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration

Conclusion from the rapporteurs
Congress resolutions
Announcement of Eurogard 11 - 2028

Location: Plenary - RED ROOM