ABSTRACT. The aim of a measurement instrument (MI) calibration is providing metrological traceability of measurement results to SI units through a calibration hierarchy. In the International vocabulary of metrology VIM, calibration is defined as a two-step procedure, which, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication. The second stage mostly relates to the use of calibration results and relates to the specific application of MI. Accordingly, when performing calibration, calibration laboratories should calculate uncertainty associated with the defined calibration characteristic. Also laboratories applying calibrated MI have questions relating to usage of the information obtained during calibration to improve the accuracy of their measurements. This article addresses the second problem in the case when the systematic error is estimated in calibration (as deviation of the calibrated MI indications from the reference values specified by the measurement standard). Different algorithms for calculated instrumental measurement uncertainties are analysed and compared.

ABSTRACT. Developed methods for photoelectric angular measurement movements and their devices that can find a wide application in computer control and management systems. Carried out experimental studies of the developed devices using a cost-effective planning experiment. Obtained mathematical models for devices that make it possible to determine their optimal design parameters providing high measurement accuracy.

ABSTRACT. The problem of processing of inconsistent data has a variety of practical applications, such as the evaluating of key comparisons of national standards, the competency testing of calibration and testing laboratories and a number of others.

The authors suggest in this paper the using of a method based on forming of a metrologically compatible set for determining of the gravitational constant G. To define G, we use the results of experiments conducted over the years and based on fundamentally different approaches. The defining characteristic of G is that its accuracy is lower by several orders of accuracy of measurements of other physical quantities and, in addition, the existing spread of received experiment values are not explained by the stated uncertainties.

There are several processing methods for inconsistent data that can be applied to determination of the gravitational constant.

The advantage of the proposed method is in its stability (robustness) in relation to values of various experiments. The report gives a comparison of different methods for the determination of a plurality of metrologically compatible measurement results by expansion of declared uncertainties for part of the measurement results. [1]

[1] N. Burmistrova, I. Viktorov, A. Chunovkina Comparative Analysis of Algorithms for Processing Inconsistent Data on the Example of Comparisons CCQM-K131, 2019 XXIX International Scientific Symposium "Metrology and Metrology Assurance" (MMA) p.14

ABSTRACT. The creation of modern metrological complexes for testing optoelectronic devices for various applications leads to the need to ensure their characteristics that meet new requirements, due to the cessation of the use of GOST 8.195-2013 as the national standard. The paper discusses the issues of assessing the possibility of using temperature ribbon lamps and halogen lamps as wide-range reference sources of continuous optical radiation that realize a unit of spectral density of energy brightness (SDEB) according to the uncertainty characteristics corresponding to new requirements for secondary standards operating in the spectral range of 0.25–2.5 μm (GET 86-2017). The main influencing factors are the temperature of the filament body and the magnitude of the lamp power current. Based on the basic radiation equation for heated bodies in the form of the Wien approximation, the allowable temperature uncertainty is estimated taking into account the additional uncertainty due to the accepted Wien approximation. Due to the fact that the temperature and the SDEB are derived from the current supplying the lamp, which is the main controlled parameter, the factors affecting the current are determined and their contributions to the resulting SDEB uncertainty are estimated. The studies were conducted in connection with the creation of the automated metrological complex “KORUND-BM”.

ABSTRACT. A device is proposed for measuring color characteristics, which, using a measuring transducer, assigns to each radiation three signals proportional to color coordinates. Existing devices have many drawbacks, among them low speed, due to the use of inert elements, which makes it impossible to measure rapidly changing light fluxes. In this device, the authors tried to minimize the shortcomings. Also in this article, a mathematical model of the device is proposed. Attention is paid to the psychophysiological perception of color.

ABSTRACT. The work is a development of studies of the interval criterion for determining the moment of occurrence of the steady-state value of the transition signal. These criteria are used in technologies related to the testing of complex objects under the conditions of the parametric uncertainty of its model. Transient signal analysis is performed on-line. Therefore, the accuracy of the decision about the time of completion of the tests determines the costs of their implementation. It is known that the most difficult test case is the stepwise input of an object. For example, temperature exposure. Such tests are characterized by significant dynamic errors, significantly exceeding the permissible level. The reasons for this are the parametric uncertainties in the mathematical model of the object and the inability of the determinate interval criterion to correctly issue a solution under these conditions. It was previously determined that the interval criterion is characterized by the presence of an asymptotic critical value for the criterion. Exceeding the real time constant of an object over a critical value gives a false positive result. This situation is characterized by the fact that the desired moment is falsely determined much earlier than the optimal solution. However, at the same time, the deterministic criterion correctly worked out the algorithm embedded in it. This situation can be avoided if the criterion is adjusted to the maximum possible time constant of the object. However, this choice leads to significant temporary losses in the analysis of the transient signal, since the temporary error includes the duration of the observation interval for the transient signal. The solution to the problem of guaranteed ensuring a given level of dynamic error over the entire range of values of the parameter of the model of the object is possible using the robust criterion-algorithm. The basis for constructing a robust criterion is to control the duration of the observation interval. For this, current information about the analyzed signal is used. There are three options for applying current information. The first approach is based on the use of an extrapolated steady-state value estimate. This allows you to determine the estimate of the current dynamic error and prevent a false-positive solution to the criterion. The second approach is based on the analysis of the dynamics of the current increment of the transient signal at adjacent observation intervals. The third - on the use of the reference model of the transition process in the measuring channel with a parameter equal to the critical value of the criterion. Based on the analysis of current information, the critical value of the criterion is redefined. With a new value, the monitoring of the transient continues until a positive decision is made about the moment of the steady-state transition signal. The structures implementing the approaches proposed in the report are presented.

ABSTRACT. The article shows that at the request of international regulations on the establishment of intercalibration intervals for measuring equipment during operation, it is proposed to conduct current intermediate checks. In order to detect early the characteristics of measuring equipment beyond the allowable limits, a method of sliding regression is proposed, based on the use of CUSUM-chart, which allows you to quickly and accurately determine the area of process changes and the time when corrective action is required. It is shown that in order to avoid erroneous decisions about the state of measuring equipment, only the traditional control of the drift of the mean value of the controlled characteristic is not enough, it is necessary to control the standard deviation of the observation results. For this purpose, additional criteria based on Pearson's distribution with the establishment of a critical sequence of standard deviation points are introduced. To detect a change in metrological characteristics, an adaptive algorithm for detecting a critical sequence of standard deviation points is proposed. Intermediate checks shall be carried out until a situation arises where in one of the ranges (or combinations thereof) has been hit by two standard deviations points in succession

ABSTRACT. In the abstract of the report “Methods for assessing the quality of samples Techniques of the National Economy of Ukraine ”, issues related to the search for effective methods for assessing the state of the samples of the technology of the national economy of Ukraine, determining the rational organization of their technical, including metrological, service, as well as the optimal values of the main parameters of metrological service of the samples of the technology of the national economy of Ukraine are considered.

ABSTRACT. Calibration of material standards for form, orientation and location is a serious metrological and technological problem. Ensuring repeatability and reproducibility of measurement results are essential for measurement accuracy and depends on a number of influencing factors related to the environment and the selection of the elements of the measurement system. In this work the double reverse method developed in NPL "KIM" at the Technical University of Sofia is presented, providing simultaneous calibration of the standard for perpendicularity and the calibration system. The results of its approbation in the study of a reference stone angle by means of a coordinate measuring machine are presented.

ABSTRACT. Abstract: The article presents a mathematical model for the compilation of algorithms for estimating and correcting dynamic errors of measuring parameters of moving objects. The dynamic error of the measuring instruments discussed in the paper is mainly due to the inertial effects relative to the primary measuring transducer. The algorithm model is designed to determine the optimal estimate of the dynamic error by the criterion of minimum standard deviation of current and previous estimates. The developed algorithm significantly increases the accuracy of the measuring system because it is based on the actual model of the dynamics of the sensitive element and the analysis of each new measurement in the time sequence.

ABSTRACT. This article aims to consider a manufacturing cycle of parts in extremely short terms. As example a mold tool for safety goggles was produced. It was a task assigned by the Ministry of Economy of Republic of Bulgaria for design development and serial production of safety goggles, related with COVID-19 situation and difficulties in deliveries of goods. In the execution of the project’s tasks are involved the teams and machine equipment of laboratory “3D Creativity and Rapid Prototyping” in Sofia TechPark, laboratory “CAD/CAM/CAE in industry” in Faculty of Industrial Technology in Technical University of Sofia and the Bulgarian industrial company “Arexim Engineering” JSC. The agreed deadline for start of a serial production is 14 days by the task setting date. A strategy for shortened production cycle of the tool in order to fit in the terms was developed. This strategy has potential to become a methodology for similar cases, which gives the companies the opportunity to appear on the market very fast with a new high quality product or areas where production time is critical as implant production.

ABSTRACT. The "SafeAir" software system to analyze air for allergen content was investigated. The developed software product allows you to automatically provide data concerning air condition and provides the ability to independently analyze, receive hazard warnings and be able to call for help in a critical situation. The development methods are based on JavaScript technology, MySQL database server and NodeJS Web server.

ABSTRACT. The authors of the article present the results of solving the problem of developing the methods for improving diagnostics, predicting diseases and injuries of vertebral segments based on the proposed hardware-software complex that allows to process and also to analyze the studied biological objects. The work is devoted to the search for the new methods for diagnosing the degree of the violation of the shape of the vertebral bodies, as well as the development of the approaches to solving the problem of creating an automated system for processing radiographs of the lumbar spine in a lateral projection in order to increase the accuracy and reliability of the obtained quantitative characteristics that are necessary for a specialist to make a diagnosis and develop an adequate treatment tactics. The developed system allows to collect and registries the data (the coordinate information from the radiographs of the lumbar spine, the patient information), provides data storage and accumulation, makes it possible to process (to obtain quantitative characteristics), and also to conduct the research and the analysis of the shape of vertebral bodies subject to degenerative changes. The analysis of the coordinate information about the contours of the objects led to the creation of an algorithm that converts the coordinate information about the contour of the vertebral body into a functional dependence which is convenient for research. The authors proposed and developed the criterion that allows to quantify the degree of the violation of the shape of the vertebral body. The studies proved the informational content of the proposed criterion, which makes it possible not only to localize and quantify the deformation, but also to investigate partially the nature of the deformation. The paper substantiates the necessity to create a model of the vertebral body, which would enable the specialist to predict the course of the development of the disease, as well as to study the reaction to the ongoing treatment activities. When creating the model a two-way approach is used. On the one hand, the task of the creating a simulation (structural) model of the vertebra was posed and solved, which allows us to study the geometry of the vertebral body, and on the other hand, the task of the creating an analytical model that would make it possible to describe the shape of the vertebral body.

ABSTRACT. In the traditional conductometry method, the measuring sensor electrodes supply a small and constant amplitude voltage (pulsed, bipolar, etc.). Therefore, the amplitude of the electric field in the liquid medium between the sensor electrodes is small and unchanged (usually up to 50 V/cm). However, it is known that the conductivity of liquid medium is directly related to the mobility of ions, which in turn depends on the field strength, as well as their mass and charge. Hence, there is an interest in the study of liquid media conductivity in the field with variable, or rather rising strength. In this case, it is possible to obtain the liquid medium conductivity, in particular, natural water in dependence from the field strength. To measure the conductivity of natural water were used previously developed for cell engineering, the method and apparatus of conductometry in a pulsed electric field with rising strength (PEFRS) with an error no more than 3.5 % in the strength interval 0‒5 kV/cm. The conductivity measurements in PEFRS some types of natural waters of Bulgaria and Ukraine (seas, rivers, springs) were performed. The main informative indicator of the conductivity is its slope to the strength axis in the range of 0.5‒1.5 kV/cm. The higher this indicator, the greater is natural mineralization and conductive impurities concentration in water (in total). On the example of data obtained the possibility of using the conductivity of fresh natural water in the field strength function as an integral indicator of natural mineralization with conductive impurities (including anthropogenic origin) is shown. Also discussed a differential version of conductometry in PEFRS, which provides for the modeling and mathematical analysis of the conductivity curves to extract information about the qualitative ionic composition of water sample. The prospect aspects of the conductometry in PEFRS using for different types of natural waters monitoring in the biosphere (seasonal, environmental, hydrogeophysical, etc.) were proposed.

ABSTRACT. Despite the big and rapid growth of technologies during the 21st century, there is still an industry that is lagging behind with the optimization and launch of its digital transformation. In fact, this is the agricultural sector. Therefore, in recent years, many attempts have been made to develop and implement optimized processes and technologies, in order to increase production and reduce costs while maintaining product quality. But the automatization and digitization itself is very complicated to implement. When not done by proficient experts, this can cause huge losses and downgrade. The purpose of this publication is distinguish the critical factors while developing strategies for plant production automatization.

ABSTRACT. in this article the steps for developing of panels from recyclable materials to improve energy efficiency during the winter season are presented. To types of panels are developed – one panel being coated with Plexiglas and the other with a Fresnel lens.

ABSTRACT. The work is dedicated to verification of automatic logic control systems by analyzing the correctness of state diagrams of control finite state machines which are represented in the form of the code in the hardware description language. As a method for state diagram analysis the, it is proposed to use the concept of orthogonality, as a system of incompatible events. Analysis of the correctness is carried out by analysis the results of behavioral modeling and logical synthesis using CAD tools.

ABSTRACT. —The six-port reflectometers are used on the Inter- net of things, telecommunications and medicine, so there is great interest in them. The hardware is more or less constant, and improvement is possible in the field of signal processing algorithms. Studying and modeling in the Mathcad showed a good result when using Kalman filter sensors signals processing. However, when implementing the Kalman filtering algorithm, the problem of computing the inverse matrix is arised. It is well known that there are systems of linear algebraic equations of the second kind, the solution of which is carried out without matrix inversion. This allows, firstly, to apply the approach to solving the system of linear equations that are used as a model of a multiprobe microwave multimeter, without redundancy. In this case, a transition from a system of linear equations of the first kind to a system of equations of the second kind is made. Secondly, using the acquired experience, it is possible to develop a technique and implement it for calculations of the inverse matrix in the Kalman filter.

ABSTRACT. The paper describes existing and novel approaches to word sequence similarity measuring which uses image processing procedures to reveal proximity relations between words and their meaning. This is implemented due to the fact the each word sequence can be associated with a particular pictorial domain, and thus any textual information can be potentially presented via an image series. Theoretical results of rule based approach, genetic algorithms and neural networks application are analyzed in terms of solving the problem under study. The proposed information processing technology may be useful for automatic translation applications, known as CAT-tools by now, search engine optimization, etc. The proposed content analysis techniques are designed to boost translation efficiency in particular. Romano-germanic and east-slavonic language pairs have been used as an example of practical application. It aids translation experts in finding the best solution for a specific domain that he (or she) is usually unfamiliar with. Thus, eliminating human errors and decreasing time needed for contextual search and deep examining of the topic.

ABSTRACT. The authors of the article substantiate the need to use specialized adaptive methods to optimize the process of diagnosing the analog and analog-digital systems (ADCs). A feature of the systems considered in the article is the lack of a practical possibility of a detailed analysis of the processes which occurs in the diagnosed object under the condition of a constant increase in the complexity of the ADC and as a result of the continuous change in the dynamic properties of the diagnostic object and the diagnostic process itself. The work considers the specialized adaptive diagnostic systems in which the effect of "adaptation" to changing conditions is achieved due to the fact that the part of the functions for obtaining, processing and analyzing the missing information about the diagnostic object is carried out not by the designer at the development stage, but by the system itself in the process of its functioning. Such a partial transfer of the functions contributes not only to a more complete use of working information (a set of data on the status of the ADC obtained directly during the diagnosis) when generating the test influences, but it also significantly reduces the effect of the uncertainty on the quality of the diagnostic process, compensating to some extent for the lack of a priori knowledge of the designer about a controlled process. In the process of lengthy testing and control procedures of the equipment due to changes in the characteristics of the equipment (for example, the rapid replacement of any element) or from outside information about the nature of the manifestation of the malfunction, the conditions and the goals of the control can change significantly. In such cases, planning the entire testing and control process is not immediately possible, therefore, the authors justified the need for continuous planning, in which at each moment of time the option of further testing is selected to ensure the best use of each infinitely small part of the time costs separately. As a result of the research, the criteria for the optimal distribution of software and hardware controls were determined. Theoretically the conditions for the application of the continuous planning method in the formation of the adaptive test effects were investigated.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a structure of a multichannel virtual measurement system for length measurement based on Visual-Inertial Odometry. The system acquires measurement data from 3 axes MEMS gyroscope and accelerometer as well as a single camera and processing them to calculate a single length value. Some of the static characteristics of the system as well as known sources of uncertainties for every specific sensor channel are presented. The repeatability of the results as well as the influence of the light intensity and distance to the object measured are investigated. This research can be useful for metrology analysis of VIO based measurement systems.

ABSTRACT. Classification is one of the methods of the intelligent data analysis (data mining), which allows to study the existing data set and create a model for each class based on its data features. To increase the accuracy of classification, ensemble methods are used, including some of the most effective ensemble methods based on boosting and bagging. This study presents the results of a comparative analysis of machine learning methods for classifying the state of a computer system. The ensemble methods based on boosting and bagging were modified using a special procedure for selecting the main classification parameters: the number of trees (the number of learners), the number of branches (the number of splits or leaves nodes), and the learning speed (the learning rate). Modified methods were tested with the following initial data of the computer system functioning: loading of the central processor and memory, the amount of incoming and outgoing traffic (network utilization), the number of read / write operations to disk, the statistical data of the system events analysis (the number of operations with the system registry, file system, number of processes, etc.). It was found that the classification accuracy with the test sample was more than 99%.

ABSTRACT. The work is dedicated to verification of automatic logic control systems by analyzing the correctness of state diagrams of control finite state machines which are represented in the form of the code in the hardware description language. As a method for state diagram analysis the, it is proposed to use the concept of orthogonality, as a system of incompatible events. Analysis of the correctness is carried out by analysis the results of behavioral modeling and logical synthesis using CAD tools.

ABSTRACT. The paper deals with the concept of automatic metrological maintenance being applied to multichannel measuring and cyber-physical systems. Metrological self-check, determining and ranking the priority of information being transmitted as well as virtual tests ensure compliance with Industry 4.0 requirements. The development and serial production experience of a new type measuring system for a hydraulic power plant has proved the efficiency of the proposed concept.

ABSTRACT. The metrological software MET/TEAM is used to ensure the operation of transmitting the units of electrical quantities and the calibration of the working standards in the NPP. This software records the results of measurements in its own database with validated algorithms for measurement uncertainty measurement and generation of calibration certificates corresponding to the requirements of BDS ISO 17025, it is also used for analysis and monitoring of the state of the electrical and radio-technical quantities.