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12:10 | The Topology of Surprise PRESENTER: David Fernández-Duque ABSTRACT. Knowability has a topological interpretation, where a proposition iff it is true in a neighbourhood of the evaluation point. In this paper we show how the Cantor derivative and the topological "perfect core", i.e., the largest dense-in-itself subspace of a topological space, provide a more refined topological model of learnability. In particular, we use these notions to elucidate the surprise exam paradox and similar epistemic puzzles. We then provide a complete deductive calculus and prove PSPACE-completeness of the resulting modal logic. |
12:10 | PRESENTER: Huifan Yang ABSTRACT. Open relation extraction (ORE) aims to assign semantic relationships among arguments, essential to the automatic construction of knowledge graphs (KG). The previous ORE methods and some benchmark datasets consider a relation between two arguments as definitely existing and in a simple single-span form, neglecting possible non-existent relationships and flexible, expressive multi-span relations. However, detecting non-existent relations is necessary for a pipelined information extraction system (first performing named entity recognition then relation extraction), and multi-span relationships contribute to the diversity of connections in KGs. To fulfill the practical demands of ORE, we design a novel Query-based Multi-head Open Relation Extractor (QuORE) to extract single/multi-span relations and detect non-existent relationships effectively. Moreover, we re-construct some public datasets covering English and Chinese to derive augmented and multi-span relation tuples. Extensive experiment results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art ORE model LOREM in the extraction of existing single/multi-span relations and the overall performances on four datasets with non-existent relationships. Our code and data are publicly available. |
Lunch will be held in Taub lobby (CP, LICS, ICLP) and in The Grand Water Research Institute (KR, FSCD, SAT).
14:00 | PRESENTER: Senthil Rajasekaran ABSTRACT. The problems of \emph{verification} and \emph{realizability} are two central themes in the analysis of reactive systems. When multiagent systems are considered, these problems have natural analogues of existence (nonemptiness) of pure-strategy Nash equilibria and verification of pure-strategy Nash equilibria. Recently, this body of work has begun to include finite-horizon temporal goals. With finite-horizon temporal goals, there is a natural hierarchy of goal representation, ranging from deterministic finite automata (DFA), to nondeterministic finite automata (NFA), and to alternating finite automata (AFA), with a worst-case exponential gap between each successive representation. Previous works showed that the realizability problem with DFA goals was PSPACE-complete, while the realizability problem with temporal logic goals is in 2EXPTIME. In this work we study both the realizability and the verification problems with respect to various goal representations. We first show that the realizability problem for AFA goals is 2EXPTIME-complete, thus establishing a strict complexity gap between realizability with respect to DFA goals and with respect to AFA goals. We then contrast this complexity gap with the complexity of the verification problem, where we show that verification with respect to DFA goals, NFA goals, and AFA goals are all PSPACE-complete. |
14:30 | Towards an Enthymeme-Based Communication Framework in Multi-Agent Systems PRESENTER: Alison R. Panisson ABSTRACT. Communication is one of the most important aspects of multi-agent systems. Among the different communication techniques applied to multi-agent systems, argumentation-based approaches have received special interest from the community, because allowing agents to exchange arguments provides a rich form of communication. In contrast to the benefits that argumentation-based techniques provide to multi-agent communication, extra weight on the communication infrastructure results from the additional information exchanged by agents, which could restrict the practical use of such techniques. In this work, we propose an argumentation framework whereby agents are able to exchange shorter messages when engaging in dialogues by omitting information that is common knowledge (e.g., information about a shared multi-agent organisation). In particular, we focus on using enthymemes, shared argumentation schemes (i.e., reasoning patterns from which arguments are instantiated), and common organisational knowledge to build an enthymeme-based communication framework. We show that our approach addresses some of Grice's maxims, in particular that agents can be brief in communication, without any loss in the content of the intended arguments. |
15:00 | Automatic Synthesis of Dynamic Norms for Multi-Agent Systems PRESENTER: Giuseppe Perelli ABSTRACT. Norms have been widely proposed to coordinate and regulate multi-agent systems (MAS) behaviour. We consider the problem of synthesising and revising the set of norms in a normative MAS to satisfy a design objective expressed in Alternating Time Temporal Logic (ATL*). ATL* is a well-established language for strategic reasoning, which allows the specification of norms that constrain the strategic behaviour of agents. We focus on dynamic norms, that is, norms corresponding to Mealy machines, that allow us to place different constraints on the agents' behaviour depending on the state of the norm and the state of the underlying MAS. We show that synthesising dynamic norms is (k + 1)-EXPTIME, where k is the alternation depth of quantifiers in the ATL* specification. Note that for typical cases of interest, k is either 1 or 2. We also study the problem of removing existing norms to satisfy a new objective, which we show to be 2EXPTIME-Complete. |
16:00 | On the Expressive Power of Intermediate and Conditional Effects in Temporal Planning PRESENTER: Nicola Gigante ABSTRACT. Automated planning is the task of finding a sequence of actions that reach a desired goal, given a description of their applicability and their effects on the world. In temporal planning, actions have a duration and can overlap in time. In modern temporal planning formalisms, two features have been introduced which are very useful from a modeling perspective, but are not yet thoroughly understood: intermediate conditions and effects (ICE) and conditional effects. The expressive power of such constructs is yet not well comprehended, especially when time is dense, and no minimum separation is required between mutex events. This paper reveals that both ICE and conditional effects do not add expressive power with regards to common temporal planning formalisms. In particular, we show how they can be compiled away using a polynomial-size encoding that makes no assumptions on the time domain. This encoding advances our understanding of these features, and allow their use with simple temporal planners that lack their support. Moreover, it provides a constructive proof that temporal planning with ICE and conditional effects remains PSPACE-complete. |
16:30 | Unique Characterisability and Learnability of Temporal Instance Queries PRESENTER: Yury Savateev ABSTRACT. We aim to determine which temporal instance queries can be uniquely characterised by a (polynomial-size) set of positive and negative temporal data examples. We start by considering queries formulated in fragments of propositional linear temporal logic LTL that correspond to conjunctive queries (CQs) or extensions thereof induced by the until operator. Not all of these queries admit polynomial characterisations, but by imposing a further restriction to path-shaped queries we identify natural classes that do. We then investigate how far the obtained characterisations can be lifted to temporal knowledge graphs queried by 2D languages combining LTL with concepts in description logics EL or ELI (i.e., tree-shaped CQs). While temporal operators in the scope of description logic constructors can destroy polynomial characterisability, we obtain general transfer results for the case when description logic constructors are within the scope of temporal operators. We finally apply our characterisations to establish polynomial learnability of temporal instance queries using membership queries in the active learning framework. |
17:00 | A Gödel calculus for Linear Temporal Logic PRESENTER: David Fernández-Duque ABSTRACT. We consider GTL, a variant of linear temporal logic based on Gödel-Dummett propositional logic. In recent work, we have shown this logic to enjoy natural semantics both as a fuzzy logic and as a superintuitionistic logic. Using semantical methods, the logic was shown to be PSPACE-complete. In this paper we provide a deductive calculus for GTL, and show this calculus to be sound and complete for the above-mentioned semantics. |
16:00 | PRESENTER: Quentin Manière ABSTRACT. While ontology-mediated query answering most often adopts (unions of) conjunctive queries as the query language, some recent works have explored the use of counting queries coupled with DL-Lite ontologies. The aim of the present paper is to extend the study of counting queries to Horn description logics outside the DL-Lite family. Through a combination of novel techniques, adaptations of existing constructions, and new connections to closed predicates, we achieve a complete picture of the data and combined complexity of answering counting conjunctive queries (CCQs) and cardinality queries (a restricted class of CCQs) in ELHI⊥ and its various sublogics. Notably, we show that CCQ answering is 2EXP-complete in combined complexity for ELHI⊥ and every sublogic that extends EL or DL-Lite-pos-H. Our study not only provides the first results for counting queries beyond DL-Lite, but it also closes some open questions about the combined complexity of CCQ answering in DL-Lite. |
16:30 | PRESENTER: Lukas Schulze ABSTRACT. We study the evaluation of ontology-mediated queries (OMQs) on databases of bounded cliquewidth from the viewpoint of parameterized complexity theory, using as the parameter the size of the OMQ (plus the cliquewidth, in upper complexity bounds, for increased generality). As the ontology language, we use the description logics ALC and ALCI and the guarded two-variable fragment GF2 of first-order logic. Queries are atomic queries (AQs), conjunctive queries (CQs), and unions of CQs. All resulting OMQ problems are fixed-parameter linear (FPL) and we provide a careful analysis of the dependence of the running time on the parameter, exhibiting several interesting effects. For instance, GF2 with AQs requires double exponential running time unless the exponential time hypothesis (ETH) fails, while OMQ evaluation on unrestricted databases is only ExpTime-complete in this setting. For ALCI, in contrast, single exponential running time suffices. Interestingly, this is due to the lower succinctness of ALCI rather than to its lower expressive power. |
17:00 | Finite Entailment of UCRPQs over ALC Ontologies PRESENTER: Albert Gutowski ABSTRACT. We investigate the problem of finite entailment of ontology-mediated queries. We consider the expressive query language, unions of conjunctive regular path queries (UCRPQs), extending the well-known class of union of conjunctive queries, with regular expressions over roles. We look at ontologies formulated using the description logic ALC, and show a tight 2ExpTime upper bound for entailment of UCRPQs. At the core of our decision procedure, there is a novel automata-based technique introducing a stratification of interpretations induced by the deterministic finite automaton underlying the input UCRPQ. |