ABSTRACT. an empirical study proves that the main source of complexity of the «9-dot» problem is perceptual constraints. To do this, the participants solve the problem in a classical form and in a condition with perceptual hints of four types. The results showed that three types of hints have a significant facilitating effect, which leads to the conclusion that the main source of complexity of the «9-dot» problem is perceptual constraints, the initial organization of points in the form of a square. It is significant that the work shows the possibility of facilitating the solution of «9-dot» with the help of a hint.

ABSTRACT. Для изучения специфики восприятия предметов вариативной формы был разработан эксперимент, создано экспериментальное оборудование и специальная программа фиксации результатов. Согласно результатам исследования,восприятие объектов вариативной формы у учащихся 1-4 классов отличается. Учащиеся 1 кл. дольше времени тратят на осознание и понимание инструкции эксперимента и их движения имеют небольшой радиус изучения планшета. Зрение необходимо для восприятия предметов вариативной формы. Зрение учащимся 1 класса дает меньше информации о предмете, нежели учащимся 4 класса. Все связано с индивидуальным развитием ребенка, развитием восприятия и других психических процессов в данном возрастном периоде. Также изучая объекты изменчивой формы эффективно использование таких структурных единиц восприятия, как перцептивные действия, позволяющих преобразовывать сенсорную информацию.

ABSTRACT. The process of facial perception of has its own specific features in comparison with perception of other objects. One hypothesis explaining these features was proposed in 1993 (Tanaka and Farah). According to this hypothesis, holistic and analytical mechanisms are simultaneously present in the facial perception. The method of eye-tracking has become increasingly used in the study of facial perception mechanisms. The question of whether eye movements can be an indicator of the severity of the holistic processes is still open due to the high inconsistency of the results. One of the factors leading to the heterogeneity of the results, in our opinion, is the lack of a single standard for identifying areas of interest (AOI) on stimuli. Most researchers identify the eyes, nose and mouth as the main areas of interest for the data processing. However, some researchers attribute the area of the right, left eye and nose to the eye area (Xu and Tanaka, 2013), while other researchers analyze data separately for the right and left eye while the nose bridge region is not analyzed at all (Schwarzer et al., 2005). There are also variants when the nose bridge combines in one zone with the nose (Blais et al., 2008), and when the nose bridge is analyzed as a separate zone (Barabanschikov et al., 2009). The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of the method of identifying AOIs on the interpretation of results in the study of holistic facial perception mechanisms. The experiment used the classic face inversion paradigm. Stimuli. Photographs from the face database WSEFEP (http://www.emotional-face.org) were used as stimuli. For the experiment, 10 photos were selected: five male and five female faces of the same age category with neutral emotional expressions. Using the program Adobe Photoshop CC, the faces were converted into black and white to reduce the effect of color and were contoured by an oval frame to reduce the influence of secondary facial features. To decrease the attractiveness of the faces, variants of feature’s distortion have been developed. Figure 1 shows all types of the distortion for a single face image. For each of the 10 images, 8 modifications were created, in which the distance between the eyes increased or decreased, the distance between the nose and lips increased or decreased, or a combination of the above distortions was applied. Changes in distances were ± 10% of the distance between the eyes, as well as between the nose and lips. Thus, 90 stimuli (10 faces X 9 distortion variants) of normally oriented faces were prepared. An inverted version was created for each stimulus - the face was rotated 180 ° vertically. Apparatus. SMI iViewX Red-500 equipment was used to record eye movements. The screen resolution was 1920x1080 pxl. The angular dimensions of the stimuli were 9.3° x14.1°. Participants. 57 (30 males, 27 females; mean age 22,2±4,1) undergraduate and graduate students participated in the experiment. All had normal or corrected to normal vision. Procedure. The test began with the presentation of a fixation cross on the right or left side of the monitor. After the participant had a fixation on the cross, for 2 seconds. a stimulus was presented. Then a display was presented with a scale of the degree of attractiveness, where the participant had to evaluate the attractiveness of the face. The sequence of presentation of stimuli was randomized. The duration of the study was 20-25 minutes. Data processing. Three options were used to identify areas of interest: 1) the area of the left eye, right eye, nose, nose bridge and lips; 2) the area of the left eye, right eye, nose and lips (nose bridge was included in the eye area); 3) the area of the left eye, right eye, nose and lips (nose bridge was combined with the nose region). Data analysis using three options was carried out relative to the entire sample, and then relative to the two groups of subjects. Groups were formed to control individual eye movement strategies based on the ratio of the average fixation duration to the average saccade amplitude recorded during observation of faces in the upright position. Two groups were distinguished: a group with a static strategy, which had long fixations and short saccade amplitudes, and a group with a dynamic strategy, with relatively short fixations and longer saccade amplitudes. Results. The first AOIs version. When analyzing the entire sample, it was found that the subjects spent significantly more time in the areas of the left eye, right eye and nose bridge, and less time in the areas of the nose and lips in case of the normally oriented faces. Subjects with the static strategy were characterized by a significantly longer time spent in the zone of the left eye and nose bridge, and shorter time in the zone of the right eye and lips when perceiving the upright faces, compering to the inverted ones; no significant differences were found in the area of nose. Subjects with the dynamic strategy took significantly longer to examine the areas of the left and right eyes, and less to examine the area of the nose and lips in the case of the upright faces; significant differences in the nose bridge area were not found. The second AOIs version. The entire sample was characterized by a significantly longer dwell time in the left and right eyes and a significantly shorter dwell time in the nose and lips in the case of upright stimuli. For subjects with a static strategy, significant differences between presentation conditions were found for only two areas: significantly longer dwell time when looking at the upright faces compared with the inverted ones was recorded in the left eye, and shorter in the area of lips. No differences in the area of the right eye and nose were detected. Subjects with a dynamic strategy spent significantly more time in the area of the left and right eyes, and less in the area of the nose and lips, observing faces in the upright position. The third AOIs version. For the entire sample, no significant differences were found between the conditions in the time spent in the nose region. The subjects looked at both eyes for significantly longer time and at the lips area for significantly shorter time when the upright faces were presented. Participants with the static strategy looked at the area of the left eye and nose for significantly longer time and looked at the area of the right eye and lips for significantly shorter time in the upright condition. Participants with the dynamic strategy took much longer to examine the left and right eye area, and significantly less to examine the lip area; no differences were found in the length of examination of the nose zone. Our data show that the presence of significant differences of the time spent in the areas of the nose, nose bridge and eyes depend on the version of identifying AOIs. Supported by RFBR (project №19-29-07392). References. Barabanshchikov V. A., Anan'eva K. I., Haritonov V. N. Organizaciya dvizhenij glaz pri vospriyatii izobrazhenij lica //Eksperimental'naya psihologiya. – 2009. – T. 2. – №. 2. – S. 31-60. Blais C. et al. Culture shapes how we look at faces //PloS one. – 2008. – Т. 3. – №. 8. Schwarzer G., Huber S., Dümmler T. Gaze behavior in analytical and holistic face processing //Memory & Cognition. – 2005. – Т. 33. – №. 2. – С. 344-354. Tanaka J. W., Farah M. J. Parts and wholes in face recognition //The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. – 1993. – Т. 46. – №. 2. – С. 225-245. Xu B., Tanaka J. W. Does face inversion qualitatively change face processing: An eye movement study using a face change detection task //Journal of vision. – 2013. – Т. 13. – №. 2. – С. 22-22.

ABSTRACT. Background: One of the priorities of the healthcare system throughout the world, including Russia, is to maintain the physical and mental health of the younger generation. Non-suicidal self-injuring behavior (NSSI) is widespread both in the general and in the clinical populations, especially among adolescents, and is considered to be one of the important risk factors for suicide. A relatively small number of publications have been devoted to the study of EEG markers of the NSSI, in which a deficit of neurophysiological inhibition was noted, which underlies the dysregulation of emotions, increased impulsivity, and impaired decision-making mechanisms. The aim of the study was to identify the features of decision-making in model experiments and the features of EEG in female depressive adolescents with NSSI compared with depressive patients of the same gender and age without NSPI. Material and Methods: The study conducted in compliance with modern biomedical ethical standards included 30 female depressive patients aged 16-25 years (mean age 18.9 ± 2.9 years) with NSSP in the form of multiple repeated self-cuts of the inner surfaces of the forearms and/or front surfaces hips. The clinical condition of patients was quantified using the HDRS-17 scale (the pre-treatment mean group score for the HDRS-17 scale was 27.0 ± 7.5 points). The control group included 16 depressive patients of the same gender, age, and severity of depression, but without NSSI. Prior to the start of the course of therapy, all patients underwent registration of background EEG through 16 channels in a state of calm wakefulness with eyes closed. The analysis of the absolute spectral power of the EEG was carried out in 8 narrow frequency sub-bands (delta - 2-4 Hz, theta1 - 4-6 Hz, theta2 - 6-8 Hz, alpha1 - 8-9 Hz, alpha2 - 9-11 Hz, alpha3 - 11-13 Hz, beta1 - 13-20 Hz and beta2 - 20-30 Hz), followed by the plotting of topographic maps of the EEG spectral power. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) were used to evaluate the decision-making functions. To identify the relationships between clinical, psychometric and EEG data and the differences between groups of patients, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis methods were used. Results and discussion: When analyzing the results of the WCST and IGT tests, it turned out that the only intergroup difference was the faster execution of both tests by patients with NSSP, which testified to their faster decision-making. On the EEG topographic maps of NSSI patients, the spectral power of the alpha2 rhythm (9-11 Hz), as well as the low-frequency components of the EEG, alpha1 (8-9 Hz), theta2 (6-8 Hz) and delta (2-4 Hz) predominated in the left hemisphere, which corresponded to a relatively increased activation of the right hemisphere. These patients were characterized as well by the presence in the EEG of generalized bilaterally synchronous bursts of theta activity, which reflected the increased excitability of diencephalic brain structures. When comparing the groups of patients with and without NSPI, it turned out that in the group of NSPI patients there were significantly higher (p <0.05 ÷ 0.01) values of the spectral power of low-frequency delta activity (2-4 Hz) in both anterior temporal (F7 and F8), and also in the left central (C3) and in the left mid-temporal (T3) leads. In the group of patients without NSSP, significantly higher (p <0.05 ÷ 0.02) values of the spectral power of high-frequency beta2 activity (20-30 Hz) in both mid-temporal leads (T3 and T4). The spatial distribution of the frequency components of the EEG in the form of a predominance of low-frequency delta activity (2-4 Hz) in the frontotemporal regions with a left hemisphere accent indicates a reduced functional state of the left frontal region of the cortex, which is responsible for voluntary control of activity, and a higher level of activation of the temporal regions of the right hemisphere associated with the formation of negative emotions. The values of the total score of the HDRS-17 scale, reflecting the severity of depression, reliably positively (p <0.05) correlated with the values of the spectral power of the EEG in the delta, theta1 and theta2 sub-bands in the fronto-central-temporal leads, which corresponds to the inhibition of these cortical areas. Thus, the results of the correlation analysis also indicate a reduced functional state of the cortical areas responsible for volitional control, when cortical zones associated with the formation of negative emotions are activated in depressive NSSI patients. Conclusions: The EEG data obtained indicate the role of a reduced functional state of the anterior parts of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex, which are responsible for voluntary control of activity and emotions, increased excitability of diencephalic brain structures mediating increased impulsivity, and a more relatively higher level of activation of the temporal regions of the right hemisphere associated with the formation of negative emotions, in the manifestations of auto-aggressive behavior in depressive adolescent patients.

The study was supported by RFBR grant No. 20-013-00129a.

ABSTRACT. The work combines two of the most popular approaches in the study of insight: affective (study of Aha! experience) and cognitive (theory of representational change). Assumptions were made about the functions of emotions in the process of restructuring. The following main results of emotions were obtained: emotions play an information function in an insight solution: negative ones report an impasse (unsuitability of an actual representation) and switch the solution search mode from developing an actual representation to a new one, positive ones report a promising version of a new representation and anticipate awareness of the solution. To verify the assumptions, the linguistic corpus method was used, which allows a detailed analysis of the participant’s behavior during the solution process and a corpus was formed and marked out containing the solution of the insight problem.

ABSTRACT. Interruption of one behavior and transition to the execution of another are associated with cognitive load that leads to a decrease in task performance. The brain underpinnings of behavioral alterations of this kind are addressed in a multitude of studies and include anterior and posterior cingulate areas of mammalian brain. Meanwhile, the details of incipience of stable performance after switching on the level of single neurons remain unclear. Namely, the difference between the first and subsequent trials after switching lacks clear explanation within the concept of “switch” between behaviors. We assume that the task switching requires updating of memory. Therefore, we hypothesized that the after-switch dynamics of neuronal activity is related to the degree of the neuron’s involvement in task execution. This link has been revealed in rabbits’ anterior and posterior cingulate single-cell activity recorded during alternation of two instrumental appetitive behaviors. We imply that the onset of previously learned behavior after switching is a selective process akin to reinstatement of learning. This approach seems to disentangle the relationship between several aspects of cingulate activity: conflict monitoring, initiation and control of behavior after switching, novelty, and memory retrieval all include reorganization of individual experience.

ABSTRACT. Экспериментальное выявление особенностей когнитивного процесса и построение моделей формирования зрительных перцептивных образов объемных тел и предметов.

ABSTRACT. In the late 1960s, A.R. Luria conceived the brain as divided into three principal blocks. However, the results of studies by neuromorphologists call into question the validity of this conception. We checked whether it is possible to reduce the state of different higher mental functions to the state of three blocks of the brain. Factor analysis of neuropsychological assessment data of 623 children aged 4-17 years showed that the optimal model involves the extraction of 6 factors explaining 64% of the variance. The received results dispute Luria's model of the three functional units of the brain that continues to be used by many modern neuropsychologists.

ABSTRACT. The report presents data on an experimental study of the dynamic changes in the image of a person’s body in contact with computer virtual reality through a head-mounted display (HMD). Measurement of the subjective perception of the dimensions of one’s own body using the method “Measurements according to M. Feldenkrais” (Solovyova I.A., 2014) after the subjects' contact with virtual realities of various genesis revealed statistically significant distortions of proprioceptive perception after interaction with a three-dimensional environment, mediated by an avatar - a humanoid projection of a human body. The results indicate the presence of a specific effect of contact with the virtual environment on the human mental sphere and can form the basis for further psychological studies of the phenomenon.

ABSTRACT. The article presents the results of the study of the peculiarities of interconnection between general intelligence and mathematical sills of 778 high school students and first-year students majoring in humanitarian or natural areas of study. In the groups of high school students as well as in the groups of students, the stable relationship between the indexes of general intelligence and mathematical skills indicates that primarily the level of development of mathematical skills is determined not by the specialization but by the level of general intellectual development.

ABSTRACT. Visual stimulus material is being prepared to create methods for diagnosing and inducing the emotional states of children of primary and secondary school age. Using modern digital technologies, sets of dynamic (Animoji) and static (Emoji) emotional expressions of 9 basic emotions of varying severity were prepared. Using the method of semantic differential, a preliminary verification was carried out - a comparison of the semantic profiles of static expressions and their verbal designations. Expressions prepared by Animoji and Emoji convey mimic signs of basic emotions and can be used as stimulating material for studying the processes of perception, induction and self-assessment of emotions in children

ABSTRACT. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the absence of some muscles from birth, which affects mobility and hence causes severe limitations on the patient daily life. Although AMC has been initially considered a peripheral disorder affecting only motor performance, children with AMC have been also found to exhibit difficulties in different cognitive functions, which may be a consequence of their affectation at the central nervous system. Indeed, studies of showing different power of brain rhythms by means of EEG (Blagoveschenskiy et al., 2018) and MEG methodology (Golosheykin et al., in pre.) have provided evidence of a cortical deficit in children with AMC. These findings, together with the observation of cognitive improvement in children with AMC after transpositional muscle surgery, speak in favor of the existence of impairment at the central level in this disorder (Blagovechtchenski et al., 2019). The present study aims to further investigate this question by comparing brain responses of AMC and control children during cognitive performance, providing a more efficient diagnostic tool for the cognitive impairment in this special population. In particular, we aim the testing of brain dynamics during passive linguistic processing, as one of the most sensitive approaches for detecting cognitive dysfunctions. With this purpose, we have developed a task-free oddball paradigm for the evaluation of brain responses during the comprehension of linguistic information, using EEG and MEG methods. Importantly, this is a passive task, which requires no attention from participants and thus allows the evaluation of the cognitive status in children and the clinical AMC population, providing information about the time course, localization and dynamics of language processing. A meticulous selection of Russian spoken word forms has been carried out for its auditory presentation during the oddball paradigm, varying in their phonological, lexical and semantic representation (words, pseudowords, verbs and nouns differing in specific phonemes). A different pattern of brain activation is expected between healthy controls and AMC children during speech comprehension, particularly during the processing of action-related language, likely reflected in differential activation at brain motor structures. This finding would confirm the impairment at central level in children with AMC, allowing to adjust the clinical approach to both motor and cognitive dysfunction in this population and thus improving their learning and education.

ABSTRACT. The biological feedback method (BOS) has been using for several decades in neurotherapy. We used training of heart rate variability in order to increase the neuroperformance. The neuroperformance was estimated by an electroencephalogram (EEG). The correlation between the success of the training and the frequency of training is shown. A connection was found between an increase of the neuroperformance and an increase of activity in the parietal-temporal areas of the brain for the eyes opened condition; the same changes were found in the frontal area of the brain for the eyes closed condition.

ABSTRACT. Foreign or second language learning has been currently recognized as a complex and multifaceted process by its essence. From the functional bilingualism perspective the research focus, when examining teaching and learning a foreign language, is mostly on using the language being studied for special purposes. On the other hand, when learning a foreign language, there is some kind of the target-language culture transformation into language learners’ worldview happens. In connection to this, ambiguity tolerance can be viewed as a psychological factor that contributes to foreign language learning, being an indicator of language learners’ openness to the world of this new culture. Meanwhile, little is known about if there is any difference in ambiguity tolerance between foreign language learners depending on the target language being learnt. The paper presents a study aimed at exploring between-group differences in ambiguity tolerance among linguistic students whose majors were foreign languages belonging to different language groups, namely English (n=130), Chinese (n=110) and the Romance languages (n=78). The study participants’ ambiguity tolerance was measured by McLain’s MSTAT-I research tool. A comparative analysis of the results obtained revealed a statistically significant difference in ambiguity tolerance between the study participants majoring in the Romance languages and those learning English as their major. The study results are discussed from the functional bilingualism perspective and specifics of the languages concerned.

ABSTRACT. The paper presents an analysis of a comparative series of studies on changing the physiological and psychological responses of students in the perception of educational content with different levels of multimedia (hypermedia and virtual reality), as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of learning in different conditions of the simulated educational environment.

ABSTRACT. Learning research has been long challenged by the issue of whether the cells in the neuronal assemblies that are formed during learning have similar morphological properties (Najafi et al., 2020). Whether a new functional component relies on a group of cells of similar or different types, is important for research on pharmacological interventions and neuronal bases of behavior in general. However, the results of experiments in this field depend on the definition of function. When the function is considered as a computation or information coding, then the functional and physiological properties would be expected to correspond (e.g. Trainito et al., 2019; Zaitsev, Lewis, 2013). From the functional systems view (Anokhin, 1974), the function is achievement of a result by a system of divergent elements in brain and body, that conform their different degrees of freedom within a system. Developing this view, we propose that the functional neuronal assemblies consist of various (and complementary in the sense of mutual cooperation in achieving the adaptive result; see Aleksandrov, Aleksandrova, 2007; Alexandrov, 2015) cell types. Experiments with neuronal activity recording where animals consumed alcohol showed that a group of neurons of one specialization can be heterogeneous: only part of them change their task-related activity during alcohol intake (Alexandrov et al., 1993). Importantly, the data on the correspondence between functional properties of a neuron and its putative cell type is often based on electrophysiological measures (Pinto, Dan, 2015; Trainito et al., 2019; etc.). The goal of this study was to characterize the systems organization of behavior by assessing the correspondence between the specialization of neurons and their putative cell type. Within the systems-evolutionary theory, developed in our laboratory (e.g., Shvyrkov, 1986) on the basis of the functional systems theory, neurons are specialized in relation to a new system of behavioral act during learning. Accordingly, we analyzed the activity of rabbits’ cingulate cortex neurons during the performance of new forms of behavior and classified the neurons in accordance with their specialization (see Sozinov et al. in this volume; Alexandrov et al., 2018 for more details). We defined their putative cell types by clustering (hierarchical and K-means) the neurons using their average firing rate, two measures of spike width, and depth inside the cortex. The neuronal activity was recorded during performance of a cyclic instrumental food-acquisition behavior: pressing a pedal on two alternated sides of a chamber. A neuron was considered specialized with respect to the system of a behavioral act if the probability of its activation was 100% (a neuron has activation every time the act is performed, or is termed “unidentified”). The specializations were grouped with respect to the following acts: turning from a feeder (or feeders), approaching a pedal (or pedals), pressing and leaving the pedal(s), approaching the feeder(s). The analysis involved a sample of 113 neurons that had no missing values of the electrophysiological measures. No correspondence between the specializations and clusters have been revealed (chi-squared; p>0,35). Moreover, each of two clusters, mainly defined by spike width (in agreement with literature above) contained all of the specializations as well as unidentified neurons. Pairwise comparisons of the electrophysiological measures between clusters and specializations (corrected) have also not revealed significant differences (Mann-Whitney U, p>0,1). If any, feeder-approaching neurons were found in deeper layers of posterior cingulate cortex, than the neurons specialized in relation to a preceding act of leaving the pedal (Kruskal-Wallis H=10,21; p=0,016), but the corresponding pair-wise differences are not significant. Thus, at this sample of neurons with two spike-width-based clusters, no relationship was found between the specialization of neurons and their putative cell-type. The results obtained are consistent with the assumption of heterogeneity of a group of neurons specialized in the same acts of behavior. We consider the functional assembly of neurons to be derived from complementarity of their divergent properties.

ABSTRACT. The paper discusses the technology of finding the best cognitive perspective of a circular survey of a 3D model. The inspection trajectory is recorded for quick adaptive training of the anthropomorphic robot to analyze and recognize three-dimensional objects at the best angles of their presentation. Showing the best 3D model view on the web visually allows for more attention and cognitive interest.

ABSTRACT. This article summarizes research in the field of speech therapy, neuropsychology, medicine and design. Dedicated to the study of the higher gnostic functions of the cerebral cortex; anomalies of their functioning, as well as innovative pedagogical and design technologies for restoring lost opportunities in patients after acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Presentation of clinical cases. Scientific novelty lies in the development and implementation in practice of a systemic game technology to restore the lost function.

ABSTRACT. В статье представлены результаты исследования смещающего влияния родного языка тюркско-русского билингва на восприятие перцептивного компонента семантики русских имен существительных. Задача решается на основе материалов создаваемой в проекте «Языковое и этнокультурное разнообразие Южной Сибири в синхронии и диахронии: взаимодействие языков и культур» психолингвистической базы данных (ПБД) оценок вклада пяти модальностей восприятия в семантику 200 существительных, 200 прилагательных и 200 глаголов русского языка, даваемых носителями русского языка как родного и тюркско-русскими билингвами (татарско-русская, хакасско-русская, шорско-русская языковые пары) - RuWordPerсeption (Резанова и др. 2020)

ABSTRACT. The report presents the results of a mathematical analysis of the structures of molecular genetic coding and a number of inherited physiological phenomena. The existence of a general hyperbolic rule of cooperative oligomeric organization of the many analyzed eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes is shown. Materials are presented on the subject of the dictatorial influence of the information structures of DNA molecules on the whole organism. The results are interpreted from the standpoint of the author's concept of multi-resonance genetics.

ABSTRACT. The report is devoted to algebra-matrix modeling the genetic code system to reveal hidden regularities in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes, which can be essential for the development of cognitive science. The hyperbolic rule of cooperative oligomeric organization of different genomes is described. Some materials on the dictatorial influence of the DNA structures on the whole organism are shown. The presented results are connected to different biological problems and have interdisciplinary character.

ABSTRACT. Despite the recognition of the importance of the role of speech in the formation of the emotional and behavioural sphere of the individual, there is almost no research on the features of ToM(the theory of mind) in aphasic speech disorders. Objective: to study the influence of aphasic disorders on the identification of facial expression. Method. The method Eye Test(ET). Research problem. Overall productivity in evaluating the facial expression and 2 types of dichotomies were studied:1. recognition of basic (BE) and complex emotions (States) (CE); 2. understanding complex social (CS) and non-social states (NS). Sample: 24 patients(10 women and 14 men) with left brain damage and moderate speech disorders of the expressive(motor aphasia) and impressive (acoustic-mnestic aphasia) type. The lesion of the left hemisphere was located within the front-temporoparietal region. The median age is 42.5 years. Control group (norm) - 29 healthy controls. Data processing. The total number of correct responses-ET index and the number of correctly recognized BE, CE, CS and NS emotions were calculated. Results. In aphasia the accuracy and productivity of facial expression identification decrease. ET-index for aphasia was significantly lower than the norm. The accuracy of understanding basic emotions decreases. Errors were expressed in the difficulty of understanding the sign of emotion. Difficulties in identifying CE were selective. The productivity of understanding the NS did not differ from the norm, unlike the CS. The study shows the importance of the role of speech in understanding the emotional sign of facial expression and the violation of social cognition in the case of aphasic disorders.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of the work was to assess an adaptation risk based on the study of heart rate variability and substantiation of the criteria for early detection of unsatisfactory adaptation to occupational stress

ABSTRACT. Cognitive Science of Religion studies religious beliefs as naturally evolved cognitive adaptations needed to survive. The opposite approach tends to focus on religious beliefs as a form of non-innate knowledge which has been acquired symbolically through the experience of interaction with certain language practices. The report aims to reveal the way language practices of Anglo-American political discourse manipulate religious patterns that have formed in the religious mind of an addressee of the discourse.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was a comparative study of the cerebral cortex and the dynamics of alpha and beta rhythms in the background and during the «Subjective time» test. The subjects (18 people, average age 36.7±4.9 years) passed the test «Subjective time». The electroencephalogram was taken in the background and when determining the subjective time. Results. In the study of the electroencephalogram, a sharp increase in connections was found in the entire group when passing the "Subjective time" test compared to the background. The number of frontal-occipital connections in the background on the right was 87.03±0.001 contacts, during the test it became 113.01±0.001 contacts; in the background on the left it was 78.02±0.001 contacts, during the test it became 94.02±0.001 contacts. When comparing the background and time of the test, the intensity of the two hemispheres did not actually change, while the functional load increased the frontal-occipital connections in both hemispheres was uniform (increased by 1.25 times). The number of interhemispheric connections between the frontal leads was 34.02±0.001 contacts, during the test was 66.01±0.001 contacts; in the background between the parietal leads was 48.01±0.001 contacts, during the test was 63.02±0.001 contacts; in the background between the occipital leads was 12.03±0.001 contacts, during the test was 58.02±0.001 contacts. It can be seen that the most stable are the parietal interhemispheric connections (increased by 1.3 times), the second place is the frontal leads (increased by 1.9 times), and the number of occipital connections has changed more (increased by 4.8 times). When considering the dynamics of alpha and beta rhythms, we can note the following. The alpha rhythm of the left hemisphere changed significantly (as opposed to the background by 3.4% in the direction of activation), and the beta rhythm of the left hemisphere was the most stable (as opposed to the background by 0.76% in the direction of braking). The work of the right hemisphere was represented by braking dynamics, the degradation of the beta rhythm was the most significant (3.56% of the background in the direction of braking), the degradation of the alpha rhythm was 2.11% in the direction of braking. It should be noted that the opposite changes in the activity of the alpha rhythm of the left hemisphere and the beta rhythm of the right hemisphere were unreliably different. The activity dynamics of the alpha rhythm of the right hemisphere and the beta rhythm of the left hemisphere were also unreliably different. This shows that the average activity of the brain waves we studied did not change when comparing the background and time of testing. If we consider alpha and beta rhythms as a sub-level organization of electrical activity of the cortex, then the change in their intensity under functional load is an indicator of a complex functional system that solves the proposed problems. Conclusion. Thus, the activity of Central regulatory structures makes it possible for the centers of the brain to function not through the tension of individual sections during the background work of unused areas of the cortex, but through the redistribution of activity, which is the work of adaptive protection mechanisms and the key to species conservation.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment devoted to the study of human behavior in the context of a pandemic. For the experiment, games were used in which everyone could choose to isolate or interact. The probability of infection was specified for each type of contact. If a participant became infected, points were deducted from their payoff. Information about the number of infected and their own status was presented to participants with a delay of three rounds.

ABSTRACT. Perinatal hypoxia is one of the main pathogenetic factors that lead to impairment of the brain development. Hypoxia can lead to an increased risk for autism spectrum disorders in children. The study of social and exploratory behavior of rats underwent an acute neonatal hypoxia was conducted. It is shown that rats exposed to hypoxia during early development exhibit decreased sociability and social novelty-seeking

ABSTRACT. Children who survived cerebellar tumors occur with ataсtic motor disorders. The aim of the study was to compare the measure of postural balance disturbance by stabilometry, tandem gait by video analysis, and saccadic eye movements by eye tracking in 15 patients (9-17 years old). Significant relationships between the parameters of balance, tandem gait and saccades were shown, which comprehensively characterize the severity of ataxia.

ABSTRACT. The unambiguous understanding of the terms is hindered by the flaws present in the definitions of concepts. To improve the cognitive function of the terms, it is proposed to apply the model’s own properties to the assessment and formulation of definitions. These include function, structure, and operation. The application of these properties to achieve the completeness and non-redundancy of definitions of concepts is shown.

ABSTRACT. This work is primarily aimed at studying the reasons for the formation of the synchronous regimes of functioning of neural populations in the central nervous system of human or animal. It is well known that the synchronization of large number of the neurons in the central nervous system plays a key role in the formation of the brain waves. It was also shown that the variety of diseases in the central nervous system are directly related to abnormal synchronization of some neural populations. Nowadays, methods based on the use of electrical impulses to suppress pathological synchronization in certain areas of the brain are being actively applied in the therapy of these diseases. However, such methods are still at an early stage of development and require a qualitative mathematical description, which determines the relevance of the study.

ABSTRACT. It was shown the same decrease in membrane and threshold potentials in the neurons LPa3 and RPa3 after the development of a conditioned situational reflex and after reconsolidation of memory compared with the control group of snails. No significant differences were found between the membrane and threshold potentials in the Pd4 and Pd2 neurons in the control snails and snails both after training and after memory reconsolidation to the conditioned situational reflex.

ABSTRACT. The study had its purpose to generalize the empirical results obtained in research on the relationship of the conscious self-regulation, intelligence, and cognitive abilities with high school pupils’ mathematical success. The study allowed for empirical substantiating a series of significant conclusions. First, different cognitive characteristics turned to be associated with different regulatory features. Secondly, in the analysis of the joint determination of mathematical success, even if controlled for cognitive variables and intelligence, the conscious self-regulation retains its significance. Thirdly, depending on the math success parameter used in the analysis (grade mark, exam score, mathematical fluency, success rates for solving mathematical problems), the size of the explained variance for cognitive and regulatory predictors changes. Fourth, conscious self-regulation can act as a mediator in the relationship between various cognitive characteristics and pupils’ mathematical achievements. These results show that interconnection between conscious self-regulation and the cognitive sphere is actualized in solving certain types of problems and achieving specific goals. The prospects of research related to disclosing regulatory mechanisms for mobilizing cognitive and intellectual resources of students during their schooling are discussed.

ABSTRACT. Using EEG and MEG, the cortical travelling waves epicenters of alpha-rhythm in the visual cortex were determined at rest in healthy subjects with open and closed eyes. With closed eyes, the epicenters of travelling waves were in most cases located in the visual cortex parts coinciding with a peripheral retinotopic projection, and with open eyes, the epicenters were significantly more often found in the central cortical projection of visual fields.

ABSTRACT. The process of prediction and inhibition were shown to disturbed in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia in the saccadic “Go / No go delay” paradigm, which is reflected in the level and localization of evoked – related alpha 1-, alpha 2- and theta-synchronization in three consecutive intervals of the delay period. The finding suggest the compensatory mechanisms of the prefrontal cortex activation under conditions of “hypofrontality” in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia.

ABSTRACT. The research aims to study working memory capacity and its relationship to other cognitive abilities in children 7-9 years with ASD. A total of 55 first-grade students with ASD participated in the study. The experimental group was divided into two subgroups according to the level of non-verbal IQ. In both subgroups, it was easier for children to complete visual–auditory WM tasks than auditory verbal WM tasks. Moreover, only the results for the “Digit span” subtest significantly differed between subgroups. In the studied sample, memory indicators are significantly related to each other and have little or no connection with nonverbal intelligence.

ABSTRACT. We studied individual ideas about the norms of motherhood in 35 women with young children. Five types of prescriptive models are identified and described that do not coincide in their content and formal attributes. The relationship of normative models of motherhood with the motivational coloring and features of the manifestations of parental behavior, as well as with some features of the mental development of young children and mother's satisfaction with herself as a parent, is confirmed. It has been established that both rigidly defined and overly blurry normative images are predictors of reduced success of interaction in the dyad.

ABSTRACT. The article analyses the results of diagnostics of personal characteristics of medical students with high and low rate of academic performance.

ABSTRACT. Histone acetylation is associated with activation of gene expression, which promotes the formation of memory and enhances synaptic plasticity. The data indicate the critical role of histone acetylation in memory recovery, but there is insufficient information on this. We performed behavioral experiments and found that enhancing histone acetylation with the histone deacetylase inhibitor NaB significantly improved the ability to form memory in animals with its deficiency.

ABSTRACT. The consistency of expert assessments of the individual - personal characteristics of the sitter in the photo image of his face depends on the objective characteristics of the photo image. The identification of such characteristics is a promising area for further research.

ABSTRACT. We investigated eye movement parameters during sight-reading of three two-staves musical fragments of different levels of complexity in 29 professional pianists. Eye movements were recorded using eye tracker with no restraints. Performance quality was evaluated by a music professor on a 1 to 5 points scale. Pianists were divided into two groups based on their total scores. We analyzed gaze fixation durations, number of fixations, refixations percentage (after regressive saccades) and fixations on hands percentage (for hand position correction). We found non-monotonous dependence of all parameters on fragment complexity. Except for fixation durations, all the parameters turned out to be lower in pianists with better performance. This result points to the connection between oculomotor parameters and professional sight-reading skills as evaluated by a professional. We believe lower eye movement activity in better performing pianists to depend on higher working memory efficiency, better musical notation patterns recognition and, as a result, better eye and hand movement integration during performance. In this study we explored eye movement parameters of professional pianists during sight- reading. Our results can be utilized in quantitative evaluation of performance in professional and training context.

ABSTRACT. We have suggested in our previous articles that verse texts have a particular set of linguistic properties that influence processing, in particular, they impede the logical reasoning and critical analysis. We conducted a series of experiments to prove that errors in verse are noticed significantly less reliably than in prose or not noticed at all. We used self-paced reading methodology to compare verse and prose texts with and without errors. For prose, the average reading time with errors was significantly longer than without them, while for verse, there was no difference, which shows that errors tend to go unnoticed in the latter case, but not in the former. 110 native Russian speakers (2 groups of 40 people and 1 of 30 people) took part in the experiment. Comparative material on Turkish was also collected (with 30 Turkish native speaker participants). This effect seems to be present in the verse in different languages (inflectional and agglutinative), with different systems of versification (syllabic-accentual and syllabic) and different cultural traditions.

ABSTRACT. Феномен присутствия (Presence) – центральное понятие в исследовании взаимодействия человека и виртуальной реальности. Под виртуальной реальности понимается технология, позволяющая создавать объёмную интерактивную среду взаимодействия с компьютером, как правило, со специально разработанной для этого программой. Применение виртуальной реальности очень широко, от развлекательных, до медицинских, образовательных и научных целей. На сегодняшний день виртуальная реальность вошла во многие сферы нашей жизни. Присутствие в виртуальной реальности – яркий и сложный феномен. Его изучение очень важно, так как выявлено множество эффектов, сопровождающих присутствие – физиологических, психологических, поведенческих, социальных (удовольствие, улучшение навыков и выполнение заданий, десенсибилизация, убеждение, парасоциальные отношения и изменения в памяти и социальном суждении).

ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to assess the functional state of the central structures of the motor apparatus of the rat soleus muscle during gravitational unloading, as well as gravitational unloading, combined with the activation of supporting receptors. The experimental results showed that gravitational unloading leads to a change in the functional state of spinal neural networks. Activation of support afferentation limits the effects of simulated hypogravity.

ABSTRACT. Visual perception is one of the cognitive functions often impaired in children with cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy). The results of the study showed that visual impairment in children with cerebral palsy is based on problems associated with inadequate fixation of the gaze, impaired smooth tracking, narrowing of the visual fields, and decreased visual acuity

ABSTRACT. The experiment was aimed at studying the processes that provide recognition of another person’s conceptual errors. Conceptual errors are defined as cases where an individual improperly conceptualizes a situation. So they differ from the perceptual errors when an individual makes a mistake in the perception of particular objects. Healthy individuals (N = 50) and patients with schizophrenia (N = 34) were presented with 20 images of static scenes where one or more characters made an error in conceptualizing the situation. The subjects’ task was to recognize this error. We analyzed the differences in eye movements in the subjects (healthy people and patients with schizophrenia) who recognized and did not recognize characters’ conceptual errors. The study demonstrated that successful observers, as compared with unsuccessful ones, have been sequentially analyzing elements that caused characters’ errors in conceptualizing the situation. In other words, they have modeled another person’s perception of the situation. On the other hand, the observers had a different perspective than the character, so they have been also analyzing the elements of the situation that contribute its correct understanding. In general, the study showed that recognition of conceptual errors is provided by modeling by an individual a conceptual perception of a situation by another person. Disorders such as schizophrenia cause significant impairment to this process.

ABSTRACT. We studied patterns of metacognitive regulation (PMR) – which are regularly recurring stable mental programs aimed at achieving high levels of intellectual performance manifesting themselves as particular behavior patterns which can be observed – and their relation with 3 basic psychological needs and subjective vitality. Our participants (first year university students, n=116, 70 men) filled out Russian versions of 2 questionnaires, created inside the SDT paradigm and 'Features of intellectual performance' questionnaire (by D.N. Makarova, M.V. Osorina). Our hypothesis, according to which the higher are the level of satisfaction of 3 basic psychological needs and the level of subjective vitality, the higher is the level of productivity of metacognitive regulation of intellectual performance, was partly refuted. The results of multiple regression analysis show that the level of productivity of metacognitive regulation is associated with the level of subjective vitality and the levels of satisfaction of need in autonomy and competence - but not the level of satisfaction of need in relatedness.

ABSTRACT. The study shows normative data for 103 Remote Associates Tasks in Russian (RAT-Rus) developed for research of insight problem solving. The paper provides an overview of the rules of developing the tasks as well as the data on solvability rate, frequency of Aha!-experience and Oh yes!-experience for each task, and the relationship between these variables. Based on the results, we conclude that the developed set of tasks can be used for studying insight problem solving and accompanying subjective experiences.

ABSTRACT. The paper discusses: methodological foundations of scientific knowledge, modification of the image of science; the inability to obtain satisfactory (appropriate, significant) results in the framework of classical (fundamental) science due to limited resources, avalanche accumulation of insurmountable complex problems. The key concepts of "complex system", " system analysis "and the concept of" rhizome " of postmodern philosophy are correlated by the example of cognitive technologies that actively develop the principles of similarity of nature, and the language of cognitive science, which is a tool for understanding and teaching hybrid artificial intelligence. The principles of gradual integration of various communicative thesauri into self-learning and trainable artificial intelligence, its inclusion and adaptation in the anthroposphere are put forward.

ABSTRACT. students ' multidirectional activities success also depends on attention characteristics. Presence of attention deficit signs in adolescence under the conditions of new combined mental and physical loads imposes specific requirements on the regulation systems, primarily the autonomic nervous system. Among college students-sportsmen, 12.6% have signs of ADHD, which do not differ in educational and sport success and have autonomous life support violation.

ABSTRACT. The current study investigates the extent to which phonological and orthographic processing influence the skill of reading in Russian speaking children in the age of 7-11 years old. The results obtained revealed the greater impact of the phonological analysis on the reading skill, though the level of orthographic processing is still considerable. Surprisingly, the correlation between age and reading skill was not as strong, as the correlation between reading skill and the development of phonological processing.

ABSTRACT. A harmonious development of person identification and emotion recognition (so-called face cognition) is crucial for the overall child development, as well as for its social competence. Despite the growing relevance of research on the development of various aspects of face cognition in childhood, their results remain contradictory. The results of studies of individual differences in the person identification (here, face perception) in childhood and adolescence (300 participants, 7-18 years old) and emotion recognition (60 participants, 3-5 years old) will be presented. The development of both processes of face cognition (face perception and emotion recognition) are associated with the general cognitive development of children. The dissociation between presence of influence of stimulus age on emotion recognition and lack of them in face perception is discussed in the context of the problem of choosing a stimulus material for studying face cognition in childhood.

ABSTRACT. The peculiarities of children’s psychophysiological reactivity appearing at one type of load at the transmit stage from preschool to primary school age are kept at performing another test tasks. There were found out higher effectiveness and low psychophysiological cost of adaptation to tense activity among 6-8 aged schoolchildren in comparison to 5-6 aged preschool children.

ABSTRACT. SUMMARY

The role of extracellular calcium ions in maintaining the membrane characteristics of premotor internals occurring after training has been investigated. It was shown that calcium ions both entering through the Ca2 + channels and initiating Ca2 + -dependent K + channels took part in changes in the membrane potential and determine the duration of the action potential during training in premotor interneurons of the defensive behavior of the terrestrial snail.

ABSTRACT. It was established that the functional state (FS) of students aged 15-16 depends on the level of development of the aerobic capabilities of the body. It was found that boys with high physical performance differ from untrained peers in reduced arousal at rest, less pronounced changes in vegetative FS indicators with intense cognitive load and increased efficiency in combination with low anxiety and high assessments of well-being and mood. .

ABSTRACT. The study found that the level of informatization of living conditions in schoolchildren of 8-9 years old is significantly higher than in preschoolers of 5-7 years old. Differences were revealed in terms of the functional state (FS) and physical development of children, characterized by high and low levels of informatization of living conditions. It was found that children with a high level of informatization are characterized by excessive autonomic arousal at rest against a background of increased indicators of physical development, which may indicate a suboptimal FS.

ABSTRACT. An experimental study of efficacy control (Bandura, 1977; Allakhverdov, 2000) during changing the perceived task difficulty was conducted. An original method of influence on perceived difficulty — "successful series method" — was used. Two experimental groups (N = 21) completed the same sensorimotor task, based on time intervals perceiving. There were three experiment stages, 48 trials each. In the second stage the first group received a point for two hits in a row, the second group — for four hits. The first and the third stages were identical. Differencies in accuracy and time reaction between stages indicated sensorimotor learning. Groups did not demonstrate any differencies in task efficacy, what leads to the concluison, that the experimental effect was not intense enough.

ABSTRACT. The obtained results give the evidence that 5-6 aged children doing physical exercises of high intensity overpassed those who were doing exercises of medium intensity by the evidence degree of positive changes of organism’s functional state (FS) indexes. It was stated out that the optimal load intensity providing the significant improvement of children’s FS of observed aged groups is 70-80% of maximal pulse reserve.

ABSTRACT. In the process of research based on the use of cluster analysis, heterogeneity of energy metabolism was found in boys 9-10 years old. Four options for individual organization of energy supply of muscle activity were identified: I. Aerobic; II. Mixed; III. Universal; IV. Anaerobic. The distinguished types of energy supply can be considered as intermediate constitutional options, which are the result of incomplete formation of constitutional status.

ABSTRACT. Задачей исследования была проверка возможности улучшения качества дневного сна путем экспозиции слабых электромагнитных полей сверхнизкой частоты (ЭМП СНЧ). В экспериментах участвовало 23 здоровых добровольца обоего пола (19 женщин и 4 мужчины), средний возраст 22,09±4,55 года. Испытуемые находились в заглушённой, затемнённой камере, лежа на кровати с закрытыми глазами. Для экспозиции ЭМП СНЧ использовали генератор «EcoSleep CUBE», который формировал ЭМП частотой 1Гц. На расстоянии 70 см в области головы испытуемого напряжённость поля была менее 0,2 мкТл. Эксперименты проводились в дневные часы (13-15 часов). Первые 10 минут регистрировали фоновые электрофизиологические показатели (ЭЭГ, ЭМГ, ЭОГ), после чего продолжали регистрацию при стимуляции ЭМП СНЧ или её отсутствии. Стадии сна определялись визуально по стандартным критериям AASM. Для десяти попарных сравнений характеристик архитектуры сна было показано статистически значимое увеличение общей длительности дневного сна (Dorokhov et al., 2019). Также отмечалось достоверное увеличение представленности 2 стадии сна, а изменение длительности 1 и 3 стадий, при этом не наблюдалось. Кроме того, было показано, что при воздействии ЭМП СНЧ по сравнению с контролем было достоверно меньше переходов от второй и более глубоких стадий сна к первой стадии и к состоянию бодрствования. Таким образом, анализ полученных результатов выявил положительный эффект слабого ЭМ поля с частотой 1 Гц на качество дневного сна.

ABSTRACT. The decision-making process was studied in geckos-eublephars who made the two tasks of geometric figures discrimination: by shape and by size, and these tasks difficulty was compared. The experiment was carried out in a special box included a corridor entering two cabins. One cabin contained a goal stimulus (and food reinforcement) and the other – a differential one (without reinforcement). The cabins swapped randomly. Geckos had to choose the way to the goal stimulus. In the both tasks the similar percentages of errors were obtained: 31.3 and 37.5%, and errors were faster, than correct choices. It points to a relative ease of the both tasks according to the Swensson's rule (for geckos in our case). Greater time of correct choices were apparently caused by a greater number of turns towards the stimuli before these choices. The overall high durations of choices in geckos-eublefars (as compared to other species of reptiles, according to our and literature data) indicate their natural slowness in decision making.

ABSTRACT. The article discusses the features of a model for monitoring and managing human cognitive activity during the long-term performance of the same type of mental operations. A model of an emotiogenic stimulator that monitors and controls the duration of stimulation using the Sugeno algorithm is described. The results of experimental studies are presented.

ABSTRACT. Intensity is one of the main characteristics of human behavior, but it is often impossible to get a direct behavior rate, so we need tools to estimate it indirectly. We offer two models for behavior rate evaluation with expert-defined and learned structures. Models are Bayesian belief networks. They include information about the intervals between the last three episodes of the study period, the minimum and maximum intervals between episodes, and the interval between the last episode of the study period and the next episode, respectively, after the end of the study period. For learning and testing models, data on posting in the social network Vkontakte for December 2019 was collected.

ABSTRACT. Pattern mining combines methods aimed at finding a small set of patterns that allow for describing (almost) entirely the dataset. The key components of any Pattern Mining approach are a type of pattern, algorithms for their efficient enumeration, and an interestingness measure. In this paper, we provide an overview of modern approaches to Pattern Mining and discuss the development prospects of this area.

ABSTRACT. Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue of public health. The paper presents the result of the investigation of the clinical efficacy of a convolutional neural network for detection of acid-fast stained TB bacillus. The experimental set contains images of the results of microscopy of patients' sputum stained by the Ziehl–Neelsen method. During the experiment, the original set of images segmented to augmentation the data. We built a few convolutional neural networks (CNN) models to recognize TB bacillus by transfer learning. The experiment conducted based on AlexNet, VGGNet-19, ResNet-18, DenseNet, GoogLeNet-incept-v3, In-ceptionResNet-v2 and the classic three-layer model. The DenseNet is the most productive model of transfer learning on the experimental set. During the study, the usual three-layer convolution network developed, which showed the maximum value of accuracy in the experiment. A convolutional neural network with a simple structure may be an effective base for an automated detection system for stained TB bacilli, but image segmentation is required to increase recognition accuracy.

ABSTRACT. Indoor navigation is one of the main tasks in robotic systems. Most decisions in this area rely on ideal agent coordinates and a pre-known room map. However, the high accuracy of indoor localization cannot be achieved in realistic scenarios. For example, the GPS has low accuracy in the room; odometry often gives a lot of noise for accurate positioning, etc. In this paper, we conducted a study of the navigation problem in the realistic Habitat simulator and proposed a method based on the neural network approach and reinforcement learning that takes into account these factors. The most promising basic approaches were DDPPO and ANM, during the analysis of which a new approach was developed. This method takes into account the non-determinism of the robot’s actions and the noise level of data from its sensors.

ABSTRACT. COVID-19 crysis is the complex and challenging problem of the real world. And solving this crysis is the good task for super intelligent system. Conceptually this system has to be able to discover the most accurate model of the problem and to offer the best actions to solve it. In this article we propose the approach to solve COVID-19 problem and to build super intelligent system for this.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we propose an original method for fast and cheap generation an annotated data set of human's poses for deep neural networks training based on 3D motion capture system, that makes possible to recognize specific poses and action more accurately, than default DNNs trained on commonly used open datasets. We used preinstalled motion capture system not to capture movement itself but to extract human keyponts at 3D space and got video record at corresponding timestamps. Camera calibration and photogrammetry approaches allows us to accurately project keypoint from 3D space to 2D video frame plane and generate human pose annotations for recorded video and train deep neural network based on this dataset.

ABSTRACT. The paper describes usage of deep neural networks for flat roof defect segmentation on aerial images. Such architectures as U-Net, DeepLabV3+ and HRNet+OCR are studied for recognition five categories of roof defects: “hollows”, “swelling”, “folds”, “patches” and “breaks”. Paper introduces RoofD dataset containing 6400 image pairs: aerial photos and corresponding ground truth masks. Based on this dataset different approaches to neural networks training are analyzed. New SDice coefficient with categorical cross-entropy is studied for precise training of U-Net and proposed light U-NetMCT architecture. Weighted categorical cross-entropy is studied for DeepLabV3+ and HRNet+OCR training. It is shown that these training methods allow correctly recognize rare categories of defects. The state-of-the-art model multi-scale HRNet+OCR achieves the best quality metric of 0.44 mean IoU. In sense of inference time the fastest model is U-NetMCT and DeeplabV3+ with worse quality of 0.33-0.37 mean IoU. The most difficult category for segmentation is “patches” because of small amount of images with this category in the dataset. Paper also demonstrates the possibility of implementation of the obtained models in the special software for automation of the roof state examination in industry, housing and communal services.

ABSTRACT. This paper investigates the possibilities of prediction of the time series of hourly average fluxes of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt of the Earth 1 to 24 hours ahead. Various machine learning methods were used, namely, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) type artificial neural networks, the decision tree method (random forest), gradient boosting. A comparison of the quality indicators of short-term forecasts with a horizon of one to 24 hours showed that the best result was demonstrated by MLP.

ABSTRACT. In the past decade, deep learning made a revolution in many areas of our life bringing the opportunity to build a complex system based directly on data without any handcrafted conditions. Nevertheless, there are a lot of problems which arise when prepare and deploy trained model in production as to collect data, provide labeled training sample, accuracy/performance tradeoff, size of the model, etc. In this report, we propose our solution of the problem of plant diseased recognition based on a deep convolutional siamese network with the triplet loss function. We show how to effectively train a deep neural network on an extremely small dataset and then how to optimize it to be executed on mobile devices with real-time image processing.

ABSTRACT. In the course of this work, experiments were carried out to simulate the deflection of the composite tape between two supports under the action of gravity without load and under load. The position was approximated during deformation of a given object accounting its individual properties. As an example of this problem, we proposed an approach that allows us to take into account the individual features of a real object without complicating the differential structure of the model using real measurements. The differential model itself describes a narrow class of objects that are similar in some properties and can give a poor forecasting result for specific real objects. Accounting measurements allows extremely wellconsider the individual characteristics of the simulated object without complicating the differential structure. In the proposed neural network approach, the loss function is composed so that to take into account the differential structure, boundary conditions, and measurement data. The loss function is represented as a sum, each term of which is a weighted functional. One functional is responsible for satisfying the differential structure of the model, another for boundary conditions, and a third for the quality of the description of real measurements. The role of the weights is to align of all terms in a series. The application of global minimum search methods for such a loss function allows one to obtain reliable results even in the case of using an unsuitable differential model.

ABSTRACT. Приглашенный докладчик

ABSTRACT. Приглашенный докладчик

ABSTRACT. The deaf are the only readers not relying on phonological codes. Presumably, phonological deficit affects the deaf’s language development, and they read worse than hearing people. At the same time, the deaf have an advantage in visual processing that helps them read: they have a wider visual perception field and extract characters to the right from the current fixation more efficiently than hearing readers. We compared eye movements while reading of deaf people and people with partial hearing loss, all of them using Russian Sign Language on the daily basis. We hypothesized that reading would be more impaired in the deaf and tested whether enhanced peripheral vision helps people with partial hearing loss to the same extent as it helps the deaf. The results demonstrated that both groups have comparable reading speeds. However, comprehension question responses showed that the deaf understand or/and remember what they read worse than the hearing do. Moreover, the deaf demonstrated poorer reading skills: they slowed down on longer words more than the hearing do, and they were less likely to skip predictable words and less likely to fixate frequent words for less time than infrequent ones. A pronounced reading speedup on the words closer to the end of the sentence in the deaf might be seen as evidence that the advantage in visual processing is specifically connected with the deafness, and not with the use of sign language per se.

ABSTRACT. Bilingual advantage hypothesis assumes that bilingual speakers have better developed cognitive mechanisms and surpass monolinguals in the speed of their cognitive processes. The “bilingual effect” is deemed to be proved for bilingual children and middle-aged/elderly people; however, the evidence for young adults (representatives of the 19-24 age group) seems to be controversial. The authors of the paper present a case study of national-Russian bilinguals and prove experimentally that one of the possible cognitive advantages of bilingual young adult speakers (in comparison with their monolingual peers) lies in the dynamics of adaptive mechanisms that “adjust” a faster involvement into a new type of activity, general stability of attention and resistance to interference. It is claimed that higher adaptive abilities of bilingual young adults determine their higher susceptibility to learning various (both linguistic and non-linguistic) activity types.

ABSTRACT. At the moment the problem of crosslinguistic influence is especially relevant as an increasing number of people in the world are becoming multilingual, i.e. speak two or more languages at a certain level achieved by learning these languages outside the appropriate language environment (Herdina, Jessner 2000: 93). In this paper two types of crosslinguistic influence were examined such as language transfer (a positive influence of one language on another) and language interference (such negative influence). Factors affecting the direction and nature of these linguistic phenomena have not yet been clearly defined and are interpreted differently by researchers (see Flynn et al. 2004; Rothman, Cabrelli Amaro, 2010; Slabakova 2016 and others). An experiment was conducted with 34 native Russian speakers, whose second language is English, and the third is French. There were two parts in the experiment, the English and the French ones. The focus of the study was aimed at studying the number of errors and their types in verb management caused by language interference. For this purpose the principles of correlation of verbal management models in these three languages were developed, allowing to see the supposed influence of interference and transfer. The participants were asked to fill in the gaps in the sentences with the verb in the brackets, taking into account its management model. The results of the experiment show that the influence of previously acquired languages on subsequent languages decreases in proportion to a decrease in the total share of interference and support the Scalpel Model (Slabakova 2016), according to which the third language can be influenced by both transfer and interference from any previously acquired language systems. Assumptions are also made about what happens when there are conflicting opportunities for crosslinguistic influence. Literature: Herdina P., Jessner U. 2000. Dynamics of third language acquisition // English in Europe: Acquisition of a 3rd Language. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 84–98. Flynn S., Foley C., Vinnitskaya I. 2004. The cumulative-enhancement model for language acquisition: Comparing adults’ and children’s patterns of development in first, second and third language acquisition of relative clauses // The International Journal of Multilingualism 1, 3–16. Rothman J., Cabrelli Amaro J. 2010. What variables condition syntactic transfer? A look at the L3 initial state. Second Language Research 26, 189–218. Slabakova R. 2016. The scalpel model of third language acquisition // International Journal of Bilingualism 21 (6), 651-665.

ABSTRACT. Language embodiment studies reveal the influence of linguistic stimuli on perception, attention, and action. One typical finding is that access to the words associated with typical locations in space results in automatic displacement of attention in the corresponding direction registered as a specific reaction time speed-up (priming) or slow-down (interference) (e.g. Barsalou, 2010; Zwaan&Yaxley, 2003). For example, a word like sun is associated with the upward space and its processing results in an upward attentional shift leading to a change in reaction times depending on whether or not the word is presented in a congruent location (e.g. Estes et al, 2008), or a faster probe detection in the congruent location (e.g. Richardson et al, 2003). A similar effect accompanies access to emotionally valenced words: processing of the words with a "positive" connotation orients attention upwards and processing of the words with a negative connotation – downwards (e.g. Gozli, Chasteen & Pratt, 2013). In the present study, we explore whether similar embodiment signatures accompany access to the words of a non-native language. Following a well-documented Foreign Language Effect (Keysar et al, 2012), characterized by more rational decisions made in L2 than in L1, our main hypothesis maintained that, while accessing both L1 and L2 words could be, at least in principle, associated with the known spatial-conceptual biases, these biases would be stronger for the words in L1 than in L2. Russian-English bilinguals processed emotionally valenced words (positive, negative, neutral) in both their languages before detecting and categorizing a visual probe (square/circle) presented in upward, downward, or central location on the screen. In addition, we assessed participants’ L2 proficiency with the help of the short version of the Cambridge English test. Hence, we used a 2x3 fully crossed factorial design with Stimulus Language (Russian/English) and Probe-Valence Congruency (congruent/incongruent/neutral). Main dependent variable was the reaction time from stimulus onset until the completion of word processing signaled as a key press. A verification question followed stimulus presentation in 20% of the trials to ensure sufficient word processing.

First, we found a reliable effect of the Stimulus Language (F=14.363, p<0.0005) with shorter reaction times for stimuli presented in L1 than in L2. Second and most importantly, we registered a reliable interaction between Stimulus Language and Probe-Valence Congruency (F=3.612, p<0.05) with response-congruent probes detected faster than response-incongruent ones (see Figure). Our findings (1) provide further support to embodied and situated models of lexical access and (2) indicate stronger role of embodied semantic access in the native language. In our presentation, we will discuss the results and their theoretical implications.

References: Barsalou, L. W. (2010). Grounded cognition: Past, present, and future. Topics in cognitive science, 2(4), 716-724. Zwaan, R. A., & Yaxley, R. H. (2003). Spatial iconicity affects semantic relatedness judgments. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 10(4), 954-958. Estes, Z., Verges, M., & Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Head up, foot down: Object words orient attention to the objects' typical location. Psychological Science, 19(2), 93-97. Richardson, D. C., Spivey, M. J., Barsalou, L. W., & McRae, K. (2003). Spatial representations activated during real‐time comprehension of verbs. Cognitive science, 27(5), 767-780. Gozli, D. G., Chasteen, A. L., & Pratt, J. (2013). The cost and benefit of implicit spatial cues for visual attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(4), 1028. Keysar, B., Hayakawa, S. L., & An, S. G. (2012). The foreign-language effect: Thinking in a foreign tongue reduces decision biases. Psychological science, 23(6), 661-668.

ABSTRACT. Cognitive control plays an important role in regulating attention and behavior. Research has shown a cognitive advantage in bilinguals, however whether these results apply to people learning a foreign language later in life using formal education is not entirely clear. Due to globalization processes more people tend to communicate in multiple languages. Learning foreign languages has become a part of the compulsory education curriculum worldwide. In this work we investigate the relation between foreign language proficiency and the efficacy of the cognitive control functions: inhibition and task switching. Computerized cognitive control tasks were completed by 63 participants (45 women, aged 19-33, mean age 25, SD=3,4). The acquired data was factorized resulting in 3 measures of cognitive control efficacy: general efficacy, accuracy of inhibition, and accuracy of task switching. Using the Spearman’s correlation analysis, we found that the accuracy of task switching is significantly linked with the level of language proficiency. These results are in line with the previous findings that suggest that code switching involves the cognitive control functions in bilinguals.

ABSTRACT. The work is devoted to mathematical modeling of the processes of spontaneous formation of bilingualism and its disappearance. The role of natural bilingualism, expanding the possibilities of communication, as a phase of the transition to monolingualism, is shown. The modeling of this phenomenon was carried out both for individual bilingualism (linguistic attritions) and for collective (the disappearance of ethnic languages).

ABSTRACT. Whether learning of new words can induce rapid cortical plasticity is a hotly debated topic. We demonstrated that active associative learning of a new action word meaning can lead to rapid cortical plasticity in a network of speech-related areas in the left hemisphere. Moreover, we found that action selection and preparation triggered by presentation of newly learnt action words recurrently re-activates the auditory association cortex. This effect is the first electrophysiological demonstration of Hebbian-type strengthening of cross-modal connections during active word learning in the human brain.

ABSTRACT. The acquisition of new orthographic representations is a fast and highly automatic process in monolingual readers (Share, 2008). Our study extends existing research to biliterate and bialphabetic populations by addressing the impact of phonological inconsistencies across the native (L1) and second (L2) alphabets during orthographic learning, as previously found in visual word recognition (Lukatela, 1999; Rastle, Havelka, Wydell, Coltheart & Besner, 2009). Naming latencies were collected from a group of 50 Russian-English biliterates via a reading-aloud task using familiar and novel words repeated across 10 blocks. There were three Script conditions: (1) native Cyrillic, (2) non-native Roman, and (3) ambiguous (phonologically inconsistent graphemes shared by L1 and L2 alphabets, e.g. P (/r/ in L1 vs /p/ in L2), H (/n/ vs /h/)). Linear mixed-effects modelling revealed a reliable effect of Script on orthographic learning: Naming latencies during training were longer for the ambiguous stimuli, particularly for the novel words. Nonetheless towards the end of the training, novel words in the ambiguous condition approached the latencies for the familiar words, and this similarity was even stronger in the conditions of phonological consistency (see Fig. 1). Post-training performance revealed similar recall and recognition for familiar and trained words and, interestingly, better recall for ambiguous stimuli. This pattern of results suggests an advantage in the processing of items present in both L1 and L2. It was also confirmed by the recording of EEG signals in a separated group of 12 Russian-English biliterates. Permutation analysis of ERP data also revealed a different effect of training (1st vs. 10th exposure) depending on the script. Whereas novel words in Cyrillic and Roman scripts produced negative-going dynamics around 400 ms, items presented in ambiguous script exhibited a much earlier effect of training, with positivity increasing around 100 ms, and thus indicating faster automatic processing for these stimuli (see Fig. 2). Importantly, differences between novel and familiar words diminished at both latencies after the training, irrespectively of the script. Overall, our results indicate that phonological inconsistency interferes with novel word encoding but it does not prevent efficient attribution of orthographic representations. Instead, the knowledge of two distinct alphabets supports a more efficient learning and a better memory for ambiguous stimuli by means of enhancing their encoding and retrieval.

ABSTRACT. The brain activity of 16 healthy subjects and 16 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) was studied by functional MRI during voluntary movements of the dominant and non-dominant hand. We showed that dominance has a significant influence on the brain activity of both healthy volunteers and PD patients. We observed that impaired motor control in Parkinson's disease has a greater effect on the dysfunction of the dominant hand since these movements are more habitual.

ABSTRACT. In the mid-90s, the recording of neuronal activity in the monkey brain revealed the unique properties of mirror neurons to activate both when observing and performing the same movement. Also, only the registration of single neural responses in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy allowed to prove the existence of mirror neurons in humans. In our study, changes in local potentials were registered using immersion electrodes in patients with epilepsy when observing, presenting, and performing various motor tasks.

ABSTRACT. The study was intended to characterize alpha (10-14Hz) abd beta (15-25 Hz) oscillations in subthalamic nucleus (STN) and their association with motor signs of parkinsonism. Alpha peaks were located more ventrally to beta peaks region, did not respond to motor tests and correlated more strongly with motor sign severity. The occurence of alpha oscillations in STN local field potentials may be considered as adverse factor in the prediction of clinical outcome of DBS stimulation.

ABSTRACT. Despite the widespread prevalence of cervical dystonia (CD), the neurophysiological mechanisms of this disease remain unknown, and treatment methods are not effective enough. According to the new hypothesis, impaired motor control in CD is a consequence of dysfunction of the neural integrator (NI) of the head position. We showed asymmetry of the activity of globus pallidus and a decrease in the time constant of neuronal responses, which indicates a feedback disturbance result in NI malfunction.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we present two methods for calculating connections between brain regions. These methods make it possible to select functionally homogeneous regions and build maps of time stable brain regions. The developed methods were tested on resting-state fMRI data and allowed us to create an atlas of functionally homogeneous regions of the brain that determine the basic level of human consciousness.

ABSTRACT. Disorders of consciousness are some of the most severe neurological conditions and include the vegetative state (VS, also called unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) and minimally conscious state (MCS). Their differentiation using behavioral tests is complicated by sensory, motor and executive dysfunctions, and so objective methods for assessing the level of consciousness based on structural and functional brain measurements are being developed. The multidimensionality of the data makes the search for patterns using machine-learning methods relevant. This review discusses the recent results of applying this approach to the classification of the states of consciousness based on EEG, diffusion MRI, and resting-state functional MRI data. Machine learning methods have made it possible to effectively synthesize information and improve classification accuracy compared to using individual features. An adequate assessment of the accuracy in the population requires a correct statistical analysis, without which interpretation errors are possible, in particular, in the case of choosing the best models and assessing their accuracy on the same data. An important unsolved problem is the search for models capable of generalizing to the whole spectrum of states of consciousness, which would be a sign of their reliability as a diagnostic method and usefulness for studying the physiological mechanisms of conscious activity.

ABSTRACT. Recurrent depression (RD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. The diagnosis of RD, like other diagnoses in psychiatry, is based on clinical, psychological and psychometric examination of patients by qualified physicians. Understanding the need for objective indicators for diagnostics, researchers are trying to study RD using neuroimaging methods that allow us to evaluate the structural and functional changes in the brain in patients. The aim of our study was to find a reliable method for separating patients with RD and healthy controls based on resting-state electrical activity of the brain (EEG). Our best model showed the performance ROC-AUC = 0.83 and Accuracy = 0.80 for classification task. Biomarkers found in current research can become affordable and easy-to-use diagnostic tools in the clinic.

ABSTRACT. The spontaneity (ability to be active under the influence of internal motivation) is a major component of human behavior, often violated in various forms of cerebral disease, complicating the process of neurorehabilitation. Objective markers spontaneity, including neurophysiological, are practically unknown. By its structural and functional organization of spontaneity is probably closest to the test in the psychophysiology of complex executive functions (EF), performing the initiation, planning, regulation and control of any purposeful activity. Separate EF components can be “involved” in the implementation of voluntary motor activity. The present pilot study aimed at finding neurophysiological correlates the voluntary component of the motor act on the basis of a comparison of EEG responses in the tasks “squeezing-unclenching fingers” and "down counting in mind" in healthy subjects (N = 25). The studies revealed similarities in changes in the spatial organization of the EEG coherence (CogEEG) healthy people when counting in mind regarding the background (as a model for studying the structure - functional EF organization ), as well as with the active motor test, including a voluntary component, the relatively more automated passiv . We believe that similar for both tests topographical patterns CogEEG (changes in the frontal cortical regions, accented on the left, as well as symmetrical parietal leads) can act as a marker of the arbitrariness (spontaneity) of the motor act. This assumption is confirmed by violations of these signs in patient with the expressed disturbances of spontaneous behavior after severe traumatic brain injury.

ABSTRACT. Stroke is a global problem that causes of death and invalidity all over the world. Stroke patients have problems with self-care, self-movement and affective sphere. One of the most perspective method for rehabilitation is a virtual reality complex (VR), which immerses the patient in virtual worlds and natural walking environments. The purpose of our research was to study the impact of VR training on the affective sphere and motor activity in 20 patients (53±11.44 years) who had a stroke. Significant improvement in motor functions and balance, as well as a reduction in the level of depression was shown.

ABSTRACT. Background: In modern psychiatry, more and more attention is paid to neurocognitive deficits, which not only contribute significantly to the social maladaptation of patients, but are also important for early diagnosis and prediction of the course of mental disorders. One manifestation of such deficits is a violation of decision-making processes. Depression is one of the most common socially significant mental illnesses and has extremely unfavorable economic, demographic and social consequences. At the same time, although up to 60% of patients with depression show signs of cognitive impairment (memory, attention, executive functions, slowing of psychomotor reactions), neurocognitive deficits in depression are relatively poorly studied compared to similar disorders in schizophrenia (Reichenberg et al. 2009). The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between decision-making disorders in model experimental situations and neurophysiological parameters in depressive patients. Material and methods: A multidisciplinary clinical, psychological, neurophysiological study was conducted in compliance with modern biomedical ethics in 40 patients (all women, right-handed, 20-50 years old, mean age 36.3 ± 12.8 years) with mild and moderate depressive states severity met the criteria of the headings F31.3, F33.0 and F33.1 according to ICD-10. The mean pre-treatment group score for the severity of depression on the Hamilton scale (HDRS-17) was 22.3 ± 5.2 points. Before the start of the therapy course, a multichannel background electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in all patients in a state of calm wakefulness with eyes closed, followed by spectral analysis in 8 narrow frequency sub-bands, as well as recording of auditory ERPs in the odd ball paradigm. The study of the decision-making function was carried out on the following experimental models: a simple sensorimotor reaction to an auditory stimulus, a sensorimotor choice reaction in the odd ball paradigm, a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). To identify the relationships between clinical, psychological and neurophysiological data, descriptive statistics, cluster and correlation analysis methods were used. The results of a psychometric study of patients were compared with the results of a group of 50 healthy subjects of the same gender and age. Results and discussion: In depressive patients, compared with the norm, deficiency of decision-making based on both logic (in the WCST test) and on emotional learning (in the IGT test), as well as larger values of the sensorimotor reaction time and peak latency of late components (P2, N2 and P3) of auditory ERPs were revealed. Lower performance metrics for psychometric tests were positively correlated with greater severity of depressive symptoms on the HDRS-17 scale. Difficulties in performing the WCST test were associated with high values of the spectral power of the EEG delta sub-band (2-4 Hz) and with a higher peak latency of the waves P2, N2 and P3 of auditory ERPs in the frontotemporal temporal leads, which reflects a reduced functional state of the anterior regions cerebral cortex - “hypofrontality”. When performing the IGT test, relatively higher decision-making rates were associated with large values of the spectral power of theta2 (6-8 Hz) and alpha1 (8-9 Hz) sub- bands of the background EEG in most leads, which reflects a decreased functional state of the cortex and increased activity of limbic brain structures. Conclusions: In depressive patients, decision-making disorders are observed both in simple model experiments (sensorimotor reactions) and in more complex decision-making models based on both logic (in the WCST test) and on emotional learning (in the IGT test). This neurocognitive deficit is more pronounced with greater severity of depression. The data obtained suggest that “hypofrontality”, which causes difficulties in decision-making that require logical thinking, leads to disinhibition of other cortical regions, as well as limbic brain structures, which activation can mediate relatively higher rates of emotional learning. The results are also consistent with our recent findings (Iznak et al. 2019) that a baseline content of EEG beta activity (13-30 Hz), reflecting disinhibition caused by “hypofrontality,” not only correlates with depression severity, but as well can predict the individual therapeutic response of the patient.

ABSTRACT. This work aimed to assess possible correlation between the severity of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and calculated parameters from diffusion MRI

ABSTRACT. Поиск биомаркеров для решения задачи диагностики нейродегенеративных заболеваний, например болезни Альцгеймера и психоневрологических заболеваний связанных с нарушением развития и функционирования головного мозга, таких как эпилепсия, расстройства аутистического спектра, cиндром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности является актуальной задачей, вследствие того, что нарушение когнитивных функций влекут за собой снижение качества и продолжительности жизни как на индивидуальном уровне, так и на общественном в виде выбытия пациентов с тяжелыми формами заболевания из общественной жизни и рынка труда.

В докладе будет представлен набор не применявшихся ранее методов для получения признаковых описаний ассиметричных матриц коннективности, описывающих каузальную модель функционального коннектома. Кроме получения признаковых описаний, будут приведены результаты анализа их диагностической способности для широкого спектра заболеваний меняющих связность между участками головного мозга.

ABSTRACT. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are widely used in studies of the anatomy and functional activity of the brain and are of great value in the study of various pathological conditions. In particular, the analysis of MRI scans by statistical and machine learning methods allows one to identify potential biomarkers of neuropsychiatric diseases including but not limited to schizophrenia, major depression disorder, and autism spectrum disorders.

Structural and functional MRI scanning results are represented as high-dimensional volumetric (3D) images or their time sequences, respectively. Convolutional neural networks, successfully applied in various image analysis tasks, are currently one of the main approaches for analyzing full-size MRI images. Existing studies show that neural network models for full-size MRI data without requiring preliminary feature extraction, are able to perform on par or outperform the conventional approach based on precomputed clinically meaningful features.

However, the neuroimaging data acquired with various scanners and scanning protocols can vary in image contrast, size, resolution, aspect ratio, and other parameters. In turn, convolutional networks are especially sensitive to the changes in small patterns and textures in an image and tend to overfit the site-related properties of a particular training sample. As a result, it causes poor generalization and transferability of the trained model to the test samples from new sites. Also, due to the same effect, it is usually hardly beneficial to merge several data samples for the same pathology into a large training dataset, while individual single-site samples are often too small for training strong deep learning models.

We present a novel approach for training convolutional neural networks on the neuroimaging datasets composed of MRI scans from several different sources, which provides invariance of the model to the image properties associated with a particular source. The proposed method is based on domain adaptation techniques and allows for an automated elimination of the site-related information component from the features, extracted by the network, via adversarial training.

The approach was validated in the autism spectrum disorder recognition task on the ABIDE, the largest openly shared multi-site MRI data collection. The results of the experiments conducted on the merged training sample from several sites illustrate that it allows improving the model performance both on multi-site data and on the test data from a new unseen site.

ABSTRACT. The latest achievements of the imaging and computational technologies facilitated the rapid development of the decision support systems based on medical images. Application of the machine learning and computer vision methods in medical imagery showed that the prediction and prognosis could be done automatically to identify pathological changes and make a medical prognosis. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the most common epileptogenic lesions associated with malformations of cortical development. The findings on magnetic resonance (MR) images are essential for diagnostics and surgical planning in patients with epilepsy. The accurate detection of the FCD relies on the radiologist's professionalism, and in many cases, the lesion could be missed. Automated detection systems for FCD are now extensively developing, yet it requires large datasets with annotated data. Then most of the research is conducted on small samples with semantic or weak annotation from one source (scan). The aim of this study is to enhance the detection of FCD, accounting this effect with the means of transfer learning. We investigated the potential of transfer learning from multi-site data with no annotation facilitate FCD automated detection. We build 3D Fader Network architecture to increase the model performance on data from multiple scans and grey matter segmentation pre-training. We show that these three approaches could be complementary in automated FCD detection and their ensemble increase the accuracy of lesion detection.

ABSTRACT. This paper compares approaches to solving the classification problem based on fMRI data of the original dimension using the big data platform Spark. The original data is 4D fMRI time series with time resolution (TR) = 0.5 s for one sample recording. Participants have to solve 6 tasks, requiring activating various types of thinking, during 30 min session. A large number of subjects and a short time resolution generated the dataset with more than 85 000 samples, which allowed applying machine learning methods to solve this problem, instead of classical statistical maps. The random forest model was used to solve the binary classification problem. The paper analyzes model performance dependence upon time during the problem-solving sessions.

ABSTRACT. Among event-related potential (ERP) subcomponents, an auditory oddball P300 is one of the most extensively examined in studies of schizophrenia. The wave is associated with cognitive processes, which have been shown to be impaired in the disease, namely working memory update, allocation of attention resources, and decision making (Polich, 1999, for the review). On the other hand, it is originated from multiple generators located in the superior temporal gyrus, temporal-parietal junction, prefrontal and cingulate cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus (Kiehl, Liddle, 2001) - key brain elements of schizophrenia pathogenesis. Numerous studies have consistently revealed auditory P300 abnormalities in schizophrenia (Onitsuka et al, 2013 for example) making it a promising neurophysiological marker in biological psychiatry. The aim of the current paper is to review our own findings that have been obtained for the last decade and to re-validate them by the analysis of new samples and with application of neuroimaging approach. Methods In total, the samples examined so far comprised 235 medicated patients with schizophrenia or in the minority of cases with schizoaffective disorder (ICD-10), 30 individuals at clinical ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR), 90 unaffected parents and 38 unaffected siblings of patients and 123 mentally healthy subjects without family loading of mental disorders..All subjects were right-handed. The standard auditory oddball paradigm (non-target (1000 Hz, P=80%) and target (2000 Hz, P=20%) with motor response was applied. Both stimulus presentation and EEG recording were performed on Brian Atlas (USA) or NeuroKM (Russia) systems. Thirty artifact-free epochs containing correctly recognized targets were analyzed. P300 was determined as the largest positive wave in poststimulus interval of 280-450 ms. In part of the sample, MRI examination was done on 3T Phillips Achieva or Ingenia (Holland) scanners. Modalities comprised structural (cortical thickness), diffusion (microstructure of main tracts), functional (resting state neuronal circuits connectivity) imaging as well as localized proton MR-spectroscopy (basic metabolites in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and corpus callosum genu). Results and Discussion The majority of our previous studies has supported the findings on P300 reduction and/or prolongation in schizophrenia (Lebedeva et al., 2000; 2007) although the correlations of peak P300 with current psychopathology (PANSS scores) were absent or marginal (Lebedeva et al., 2013). Similarity of data to those in family high risk groups assumed endophenotype nature of P300 anomalies (Lebedeva et al., 2008). Lately, however, the findings on the lack of P300 abnormalities have been emerged in patients with very prolonged illness duration (Leedeva et al., 2020, the data were obtained with slightly different oddball parameters). Also, newly obtained between-group analysis (remitted patients at the early stage of the disease vs UHR patients and mentally healthy controls) has revealed the significant differences in the P300 latency prolongation in F8, C4 in UHR group whereas patients with schizophrenia values were intermediate . Rather inconsistent results were shown in the multimodal correlational studies. Thus, no robust relationships were found between P300 and prefrontal cortex thickness and subcortical structures morphometry as well as with diffusion and spectroscopic parameters. However, in the first episode patients, P300 amplitudes in Pz, P4 negatively correlated with functional connectivity between parietal and anterior cingulate subcomponents of fronto-parietal neuronal circuit in right hemisphere, while P300 amplitude in F8 positively correlated with connectivity between the same ROIs in the left hemisphere. So, the latest findings emphasize the fact on seemingly “normal” (or normalized) P300 parameters in quite significant percent of patients with schizophrenia (at least in those in remission or closely to it or in chronic patients with prolonged illness duration). However, whether the core neurophysiological mechanisms remain abnormal should be a subject of further studies. In part, the findings can originate from the current prevalence of modern medications more targeted to cognitive remediation. Unexpectedly, the neurophysiological marker had few correlations with neuroimaging data (except for those with rsfMRI). That strongly adds to the functional-structural brain considerations in schizophrenia. References 1. Polich, J., 1999. P300 in clinical application, in: Niedermeyer, E., Lopes da Silva F. (Eds.), Electroencephalography. Basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields. 4th edition. Williams&Wilkins, Baltimore, 1073-1085. 2. Kiehl, K., Liddle, P., 2001. An event related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of an auditory oddball task in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 48, 2-3, 159-171. 3. Onitsuka T, Oribe N, Nakamura I, Kanba S. 2013 Review of neurophysiological findings in patients with schizophrenia.Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 67,7,461-470. 4. Lebedeva I.S., Orlova V.A., Kaleda V.G., Tsutsulkovskaya M.Ya.. 2000 Auditory P300 ERP in schizophrenia. Korsakov’s Zh.neurol.psychiatry 1, 47-49. 5. Lebedeva I.S., Kaleda V.G., Barkhatova A.N. 2007 Neurophysiological characteristics of cognitive functions in the first episode juvenile patients. Korsakov’s Zh.neurol.psychiatry 2, 12-20. 6. Lebedeva I.S., Kaleda V.G., Abramova A.N., Barkhatova A.N., Omelchenko M.A. 2008 Neurophysiological anomalies in P300 paradigm as possible endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Korsakov’s Zh.neurol.psychiatry 1, 61-70. 7. Lebedeva I.S., Kaleda V.G., Barkhatova A.N., Akhadov T.A., Semenova N.A. 2013 The markers of structural and functional brain state in remission of juvenile schizophrenia. Psickhiatria 2, 26-31. 8. Lebedeva I.S., Golubev S.A., Klochkova I.V., Kaleda V.G. 2020 Neurophysiological characteristics of patients with juvenile schizophrenia at the stage of remoted catamnesis. Korsakov’s Zh.neurol.psychiatry 3,.26-32

ABSTRACT. Hyper heuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed for medical image segmentation in paper. Speed of segmentation process is an im-portant factor in the recognition of magnetic resonance images. The time com-plexity of proposed algorithm is investigated using consequences from Drift the-orem. Images from the Ossirix image dataset and real medical images were used for testing. It is established that the proposed algorithm has a polynomial estima-tion of complexity.

ABSTRACT. В работе рассматривается алгоритм для автоматизированной оценки качества признаков, которые описывают объекты в ДСМ-системе. По результатам оценки можно сократить неинформативные признаки и повысить качество предсказаний ДСМ-системой. Алгоритм используется для оценки качества признаков в ДСМ-системе прогнозирования медицинских данных.

ABSTRACT. Proper balance between excitation and inhibition (E-I balance) is important for brain functioning and its disturbances are associated with many neurological and psychiatric conditions. In females, cyclic fluctuations of neural steroids, such as progesterone, during menstrual cycle (MC) are associated with changes of GABA receptors affinity to inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which in some cases may lead to development of premenstrual syndrome or of more severe MC-linked disorders. To find neurophysiological correlates of the changes in E-I balance regulation during MC we recorded MEG in 22 normally cycling women during the follicular and luteal phases. Participants were presented with high-contrast moving visual gratings that are known to induce strong gamma (30-90 Hz) synchronization and alpha (8-14 Hz) desynchronization. We analysed parameters of gamma and alpha oscillations in the primary visual cortex during stimulation and inter-stimuli intervals, respectively. We also measured gamma response (GR) attenuation with increasing visual motion velocity, which according to our previous studies reflects E-I balance (Orekhova et al, 2019, 2020ab). Peak frequencies of alpha and gamma oscillations increased in the luteal as compared to follicular phase of the MC pointing to increased inhibition. GR attenuation (GSS) remained stable across MC, suggesting that despite phase-related changes in regulation of neural excitation and inhibition their balance remains stable during healthy MC. The changes in GSS and alpha frequency correlated with the MC-linked changes in progesterone concentration, suggesting progesterone as a key regulator of MC events. Our research establishes a basis for studying of neural biomarkers of MC-linked disorders, such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder, MC associated migraine and catamenial epilepsy, and potentially other brain diseases related to E-I imbalance.

ABSTRACT. We addressed one of the most intriguing issues of perceptual synthesis, namely, how a narrowed set of high-level predictions, which is required to reduce the uncertainty when resolving the ill-posed inverse problem of perception, can be available before object recognition has been accomplished. To this aim, we applied region-based multivariate pattern analysis (RB-MVPA) to magnetoencephalographic data to characterize the changes in spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity underlying recognition of degraded images (Mooney figures) that depends upon previous experience. We found that the recognition-inducing experience causes a reorganization of neural activity patterns in the brain's value system. We have also shown by cross-decoding analysis that during the perception of disambiguated face stimuli, a face-specific process in the right fusiform gyrus was delayed, relative to the well-known N170 component and, crucially, followed the recognition effect in the insula. We interpret this, an appraisal of that the current visual input can be explained in terms of a familiar object associates local spatial features and object-specific representation in a value space. During induced perception, a subset of spatial features, that is common for degraded and unambiguous images, serves as partial cues for a reintegration of learned association. Following that, a modulatory feedback from value system to the high-level visual cortex, in particular, the fusiform gyrus, provides a fast selection of informative predictions. As opposed to the previously proposed spatial frequency-dependent mechanism, the value-based scheme explains an emergence of view-invariant semantic predictions. The descending influence of value system on visual cortex was selective for faces and tools – two categories differing by the prevalence of either value-dependent or sensorimotor experience of interactions with them. The results speak to the idea that the feedback from value system not only selects spatial configural priors but endows predictions with value-dependent meaning.

ABSTRACT. Due to the transition from direct calculation of posterior probabilities using Bayes formulas to indirect estimation of these probabilities using evidence, our model for discrimination of multidimensional objects was simplified. The idea of perception functioning by the mechanism of input data compressing during the transition from the cortex lower layer to the upper layer was substantiated by model

ABSTRACT. Psychological theories of decision making have been primarily concerned, within the framework of cognitive psychology, with the cognitive processes contributing to choices of certain alternatives, the complexity of instructions and the influence of emotional processes in decision making. However, the personality regulation of decision making under uncertainty remains largely understudied. This issue is particularly important in the sense that it is always a particular person, with their psychological characteristics (and not just an abstract subject) who makes decisions regarding possible decisional alternatives and outcomes. Further investigation into the topic should clarify the discrepancies between the predicted and the realized decision-making strategies. A possible productive framework for addressing this issue is the adoption and the development of Vygotsky’s concept of psychological systems in the context of dynamic regulation systems (Kornilova, 2016). These systems include dynamic hierarchies of cognitive and affective processes that regulate choice and decision making under uncertainty. Within this framework, modeling the prognostication and forecasting processes during decision making can be achieved at least in part via a comprehensive profiling of personality traits and characteristics of the study sample. The associations between specific personality characteristics and decision making explicate the regulatory profiles implicated in it by simultaneously capturing decision making productivity/performance indices and information about personality traits that differentiate between individuals who chose specific strategies and were more or less successful in problem solving. The main goal of the study reported here is to perform a comprehensive analysis of the complex personality regulation of decision making under uncertainty in two different types of tasks: probabilistic and deterministic – a rule-based environment. We tested a system of hypotheses regarding the differential role of various personality traits involved in decision making in these two types of tasks.

ABSTRACT. This study compares the role of the Big Five traits as predictors of prognostic strategies in a simulated decision-making situation (Iowa Gambling Task - IGT) among military and civilian managers. It is demonstrated that a step-by-step analysis of choices provides additional information on self-regulation strategies in decision making.

ABSTRACT. In recent years, there has been a convergence of the methodologies of natural science and the humanities, which has resulted in the development of new interdisciplinary research areas. These changes put on the agenda the issue of the ways and degrees of influence genetically inherited information as well as information obtained through social and cultural learning have on human cognition. I considered this issue concerning hierarchical social categorization. In the research under systematic review analysis using EPPI-Reviewer 4, the people from collectivist and individualistic cultures—according to the model of G. Hofstede—were the target group, and social dominance hierarchy perception was the study topic. In addition, works which elaborated certain aspects of social inequality (specifically, gender) from an evolutionary perspective, and systemized experimental data were taken into account. As a result, the following regularities were identified: (1) there are universal biological mechanisms for initiating and maintaining social dominance hierarchy in the animal kingdom (including humans); (2) sociocultural environments are in formative interaction with human brains and genes, resulting in differentiated reactions to social inequalities; (3) regardless of cultural characteristics, the human brain is “built” for hierarchical categorization; and (4) the cultural ubiquity of gender differences in neural activity, associated with hierarchical social relations, is at least partly configured by the evolved predisposition of the male to social domination, as well as to the strong mother and infant bond. Thus, the basic premises of the cognitive mechanisms of hierarchical social categorization are rooted in the evolution of human nature which is developed in gene-culture coevolution. However, the actual state of these mechanisms that determine features of social inequality in modern society is formed in the process of social interaction (social and cultural learning) in specific cultural contexts and can be seen as “cognitive gadgets.”

ABSTRACT. Процессы преобразования запоминаемого материала имеют качественную специфику и результативную выраженность на разных этапах онтогенеза. Свойства обработки информации и их виды исследованы с помощью метода развертывания мнемической деятельности. Показано, что скорость запоминания обусловлена продуктивностью запечатления и уровнем развития мнемических действий. Чем выше уровень развития мнемических действий, тем быстрее они включаются в процессы преобразования конкретной информации. Метод развертывания мнемической деятельности позволяет изучать качественное своеобразие процессов оперативной обработки информации и их эффективность. Решение этой задачи возможно благодаря невербальному бессмысленному материалу нарастающей сложности и соответствующей процедуре его предъявления.

ABSTRACT. The goal was to identify the specifics of multitasking (parallel solution of multisensory cognitive tasks) in a virtual environment such as CAVE. Research participants (50 students) were invited to (1) listen and repeat texts in front of a virtual audience (a classroom with 12 avatars as students) and (2) Monitor the behavior of virtual avatars, i.e. whether they were attentive to the texts which the participants reproduced. The behavior of the avatars was the same for all research participants. Errors in listening/reproducing and in monitoring the audience were subjected to a confirmatory factor and path analysis. The results show that errors in parallel activities do not significantly affect each other.

ABSTRACT. We are developing the concept of mental regulation of mental states. The model is a system of relationships between mental states, characteristics of consciousness, external factors and regulatory actions. Based on empirical studies, the relationships between the components of the model are shown. An essential link in regulation is the mental representation of mental states. We believe that representations of mental states are being formed in the process of life and reflect the human experiences. Studies of the phenomenological manifestations of mental representations of states have shown that the life situations shape an associative unity with representations of certain states. A study of the dynamic characteristics of mental representations of states revealed the stable nature of mental representations of states in relation to psychological influences.

ABSTRACT. Recognition of objects is provided by the joint activity of both hemispheres. With prosopagnosia, left hemisphere patterns of objects allow you to recognize the categorical affiliation of an object. Face recognition suffers most pronouncedly only because to recognize “by face” is always recognition of individual qualities, and recognition of objects is, most often, their assignment to a certain category.

ABSTRACT. It seems natural that category learning should help focus attention on relevant information and reduce attention to irrelevant information. However, in real life there are situations when it is important to retain all the information for successful categorization. In the study, we tested the hypothesis on how the nameability of object features affects the effect of conceptual flexibility. We used stimuli from an article by Vanderplas and Garvin (Vanderplas & Garvin, 1959), images of artificial objects with the same visual distinguishability, but with different levels of verbal association. The experiment had three sessions: two learning sessions and a third session - transferring the previously learned rule to new examples. The success in this session made it possible to evaluate the degree of effect of conceptual flexibility in conditions with high and low nameability. As a result, we found that conceptual flexibility was higher when learning on objects with high nameability of features than with low nameability.

ABSTRACT. The study examines the framing effect of metaphor on judgments about a category and an example of this category. For this purpose the category of “depression” and the metaphors of “enemy” and “swamp” were chosen. In accordance with the theory of conceptual metaphor, framing effect was caused by adding metaphorical statements into description of the category. The data shows that “swamp” metaphor, in contrast to the “enemy” metaphor, reduces the assessment of the guilt of a person who committed social misconduct due to depression. Both metaphors reinforced the belief that “help from outside” is necessary to overcome depression, but they did it at different levels. The “enemy” metaphor influenced the assessment of judgments about the “depression” as a category, and the “swamp” metaphor influenced the assessment of judgments about its example (a depressive episode of a particular person).

ABSTRACT. The article is dedicated to the contemporary cognitive theory of perspectivization (perspective) and its main properties. Cognitive foundations of the theory of perspectivization and its multidisciplinary status are highlighted. The author also tackles the problem of differentiation of the term “perspective-building” and the well-known term “construal”. The process of perspective-building in a concrete discursive utterance is illustrated by the analysis of each of the components of the perspective.

ABSTRACT. The report presents the approach to theory of thinking (intellection) organization, similarly to the same in natural sciences. The approach itself involves the standing of some facts and assumptions (not necessarily related to traditional mind learning-oriented sciences!) as principles to conclude: a) the known results viewed as not associated with each other; b) these principles are considered to precede new results.

ABSTRACT. The theses contain the results of experimental research aimed at revealing the effect of implicit learning of perceptual and categorical sequences. During the experiment, subjects reacted first to one stimulus parameter (font color) and then to another (word category). A significant improvement was found in the efficiency of the task related to the reaction to color. The sequence of categories did not have a positive impact on the success of the task performance.

ABSTRACT. This report contains the results of two experiments with experienced and novice chemistry professionals. In the first experiment, the subjects were asked to read a description of a chemical process and then to solve a series of problems with schematic depictions of this process. In the second experiment, the subjects were asked to identify the substance represented by a three-dimensional molecule. The correctness of the responses and the nature of the movement of the eyes of the subjects were recorded. The results revealed the features of the distribution of attention and of the use of mental representations as well as the nature of the transition between different types of chemical knowledge which accounted for experts’ superiority.

ABSTRACT. Participants were asked to verbally answer “yes” or “no”, depending on whether the action described in the phrase can occur in life or not. Participants categorized both meaningless sentences and meaningful sentences describing concrete actions performed by hands or legs, as well as abstract actions described by the same verbs used in a metaphorical sense. It was shown that categorization of abstract and concrete actions described from the first-person perspective takes less time than the categorization of the same actions described from the third-person perspective.

ABSTRACT. The goal of the work was to provide the comparative study of forming separate two concepts (size and shape) and their synthesis using geometric figures and flat contour images as stimuli in the rhesus monkeys and 4-5-year-old human children. The macaques and children were able to synthesize the two concepts for creating the idea of the concrete group of objects in the tasks both with using geometric figures and flat contour images as stimuli. In the macaques, the formation of the concept of shape in tasks with using geometric figures was much faster compared to that with using contour images. They also faster achieved the criterion during the control experiment in which the geometric figures in a trial were the same as those in the synthesis but without the preliminary formation of the concepts of size and shape. However, the use of geometric figures in the synthesis tasks caused greater difficulty compared to the tasks with using the contour images in the macaques. In the 4-5-year-old human children, the number of trials in the tasks with using geometric figures was significantly smaller than that with using contour images as stimuli during performing the control experiment only. So, the synthesis of formed notions can be produced by both the macaques and children. However, there are the significant differences during forming the concepts and their synthesis in using geometric figures and flat contour images as stimuli in the rhesus monkeys and 4-5-year-old human children.

ABSTRACT. Dopamine neurons is activated with the level of volitional effort (“willing effort”) required to achieve reward or avoid punishment. Dopamine combines “in one window” the activation of central motor system providing behavioral response and the modulation of synaptic plasticity for further learning. Under stress conditions, serotonin inhibits the elaboration of new behavior in favor of pre-programmed, phylogenetically determined forms of reactions.

ABSTRACT. The current study compares neurocognitive correlates of performance across four formal mathematical operations and three difficulty levels using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Solving the problems with higher complexity was accompanied by a stronger and more widespread brain activation primarily comprising a network of frontal and parietal cortices for addition and multiplication. Subtraction and division showed a decrease in widespread brain activation for levels 2 and 3. Contrast between high and low performers suggest that high performers complete more trials and do so more accurately than low performers, however, variability in neurocognitive performance is observed as a function of mathematical operation. Practically the findings may serve as markers for studying mathematical operation in children who are different competencies in mathematics and further contribution to building individual approaches in education.

ABSTRACT. Public healthcare is a big priority for society. The ability to diagnose and monitor various aspects of public health through social networks is one of the new problems that are of interest to researchers. In this paper, we consider the task of automatically classifying people who lead a healthy lifestyle and users who not lead a healthy lifestyle by processing text messages and other profile information from the Russian-speaking social network VKontakte. We describe the process of extracting relevant data from user profiles for our dataset. We evaluate several machine learning methods and report experimental results. The best performance in our experiments was achieved by the model that was trained on a combination of N-gram features retrieved from user original posts and reposts.

ABSTRACT. When a mission is completed by an object, its crew, faced with an immediate threat to the implementation of the current stage of the mission, must quickly solve the task of setting goals and the task of constructing a way to achieve the quickly assigned goal. Intelligent systems of a tactical level develop constructive solutions to these problems and recommend cosiness to the crew to implement them.

ABSTRACT. This paper describes how to apply an integrated environment based on anytime solution search algorithms and a non-relational (NoSQL) database to intelligent real-time systems. As an example, we consider the task of routing between two points on a map. The choice of anytime algorithms of search of the decision is caused by their orientation to search in real-time. The choice of the NoSQL database is caused greater efficiency when working with the information presented in the form of graphs compared to traditional databases. It is shown that anytime algorithms also allow to speed up the process of obtaining a solution, which is very relevant with rather strict time restrictions on routing.

ABSTRACT. A double intelligent system is proposed in the paper. It consists from two Expert Systems. The first one is intended for autonomic behavior in the surrounding information media, where it may get new evidences and modify its behavior being the Dynamic Expert System by definition. The second Expert System is considered as a mother system with respect the first one. It provides a certain amount of control over the autonomous part excluding such changes in the knowledge base of the first ES that are considered to be unacceptable from the mothering system point of view. The special feature of such dual organization is that its members may be arbitrary separated in space. The required control is achieved via the use of wideband wireless communication established between these two systems. One of the purpose of such a dual expert system is an attempt to avoid designing of some Artificial Intelligence systems that might breach common social norms of social behavior of technical devices working within society of people.

ABSTRACT. The article is devoted to the application of Formal Concept Analysis to the development of domain semantic models. The paper deals with the problem of axiomatization of classes of cases from various domains. The research is based on the model theoretical approach to the formalization of domains and on Formal Concept Analysis. We consider the four-level semantic model that conceptually describes the given domain. The third level of the semantic model is the set of domain cases. To describe sets of domain cases we use formal contexts; the objects of these formal contexts are models formalizing domain cases. We represent classes of domain cases as classes of models having different signatures. Theories of classes of domain cases and axiomatizable classes of domain cases are investigated. They are defined as intents and extents of formal concepts of the corresponding formal contexts. It is shown that the introduced notion of theory of class of cases, i.e., theory of class containing models with different signatures, is a generalization of the notion of theory of a class of models in the classical sense.

ABSTRACT. The paper describes the problems of automatic selection of experts for reviewing scientific texts. Existing methods are analyzed, and a new selection method is proposed, based on obtaining a ranked list of relevant experts by processing a large amount of unstructured data. A technique for evaluating the results of similar methods is proposed and experimental studies of the effectiveness of the proposed approaches are conducted

ABSTRACT. The paper concerns the application of knowledge discovery for empirical typology and theory formation in sociology. The formal means of the JSM Method of automated research support for solving problems of typological analysis are considered. The results of using a computer JSM System in the study of types of helping behavior – individual and volunteer, which is a value-based collective behavior, are presented.

ABSTRACT. The paper presents a new method SOCRATES (ShOrtening CRiteria and ATtributES) to reduce the dimensionality of attribute space. In the method, a lot of initial numerical and/or verbal characteristics of objects are aggregated into a single integral index or several composite indicators with small scales of qualitative estimates. Multi-attribute objects are represented as multisets of object properties. Aggregation of indicators includes various methods for a transformation of attributes and their scales. Reducing the dimensionality of attribute space allows us to simplify the solution of applied problems, in particular, problems of multiple criteria choice, and explain the obtained results.

ABSTRACT. The map constitution task of the customer movement through the store using videoanalitics has been considered. The problem is reduced to the video stream objects detection with further tracking. It is proposed to use pre-trained CNN for object detection. The experimentally justified joint use of pre-trained networks MobileNet-SSD. For the object tracking there have been performed experiments with algorithms built into the OpenCV library: GOTURN, CSRT, KCF, BOOST, TLD, MOSSE, MedianFlow, and MIL. According to the multiple object tracking accuracy (MOTA), the MedianFlow tracker is selected. Experiments were performed using a set of video sequences containing various negative parameters confirmed the effectiveness of the selected solutions.

ABSTRACT. One of the primary problems, arising in algebraic Bayesian networks, is the problem of checking and maintaining consistency of the knowledge pattern. It can be reduced to the linear programming problem, which methods of solving are well studied. However, acting as black box, this approach is ill-suited to solution of another important problem —- research of the sensitivity of the probabilistic logical inference. In this work we prove the analytical representation of solutions of maintaining the local consistency problem for the knowledge pattern of small size and show the results of the experiment, comparing effectiveness of the solution using obtained formulae and simplex-method.

ABSTRACT. This study considers a neural network solution to the inverse problem based on the integration of optical spectroscopy methods for determining ion concentrations in aqueous solutions. The effect of integration of physical methods is studied using the selection of significant input features. The previously formulated thesis is confirmed that if the integrated methods differ much by their accuracy, then the integration of these methods is ineffective.

ABSTRACT. A number of algorithms for predicting time series by reservoir neural networks (echo-state networks) are considered. The algorithms comparative analysis by the accuracy of the forecast and the time of construction of the forecast is performed. The experiments showed that the sigmoidal and radial networks with a self-organization map (SOM-projector) give the most accurate forecast, but they are also the least fast. A new reservoir optimization algorithm is proposed: a direct version of the Infomax method. This algorithm requires non-negativity of data values, but it works much faster than the well-known iterative version of Infomax and a radial network with a SOM-projector, although it slightly reduces the accuracy of the forecast.

ABSTRACT. Conductance-based synaptic model is more biologically plausible than cur-rent-based synapse but is much harder implementable on the neuromorphic hardware. This paper tries to answer the question – does approximation of the realistic conductance-based model by the simple current-based synapse lead to significant changes of spiking network behavior and degradation of its charac-teristics? The results obtained from theoretical analysis and computational experiments support the thesis that the considered simplification of synapse model can be evaluated as acceptable.

ABSTRACT. A mathematical model is considered that, in the limit, is able to give a complete formalized description of the mechanisms of triggering a stress reaction, the formation and development of the three stages of this reaction, and alternative ways of overcoming stress. For this purpose, the model uses knowledge of the “fast” and “slow” stages and the system of “awakening” paraopioid peptides. The options for comparing the data of the model solutions with the known experimental data are discussed.

ABSTRACT. Transformation of the topology of a fast neural network to the topology of a regular network with a foveal architecture is considered. A factorized representation of the foveal transformation is constructed. It is shown that the constructed network meets the requirements for neural networks intended for building systems of purposeful visual perception. Examples of building a network topology with a foveal architecture are presented. Performance estimates for performing the foveal transformation on input data are given.

ABSTRACT. The mathematical models of subsystems, the mutual functioning of which allows analyzing a wide range of reactions inherent in living systems, are considered. One of these subsystems describes possible states of a basic control recognition module that makes decisions based on the processed sensor signals. If the errors in its functioning exceed the specified threshold, a stress response trigger signal is generated. The other subsystem describes the mechanisms of formation and different levels of the development of three stages of the stress response, alternative variants of getting out of stress, and controlling sensory signal perception thresholds in the first subsystem. For this, additional variables corresponding to the experimentally recorded data and knowledge about the “fast” and “slow” stages are used in the model subsystems. The performed research demonstrates the validity of the chosen model architecture and the possibility of using the results of its analysis as an adequate “language” of communication for researchers of living systems. We believe that the formalized models are important for understanding the meanings and consequences of unconscious perception through “image”, including sensation channels. They allowed us to formalize the description of a number of processes that were earlier interpreted ambiguously. Options for comparing dynamic modes of the integral model with known experimental data and interpreting them by the interested audience are discussed.