ST&D 2026: 2026 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR TEXT AND DISCOURSE

This page contains an index consisting of author-provided keywords.

A
academic self-efficacy	Understanding the Relationship Between Growth Mindset and Feedback-seeking: The Role of Academic Self-Efficacy
academic standards	Sourcing, Standards, and Skill Levels
accuracy-directed reasoning	Topic Importance and Accuracy-Directed Reasoning Across Scientific Contexts
adaptation	Understanding singular they becomes easier with exposure Statistical learning defines which discourse biases guide pronoun interpretation
Adolescent Development	The Effect of Polarized Partisanship on Adolescents’ Scientific Reasoning
Adolescent Literacy	Tracing the Pathway to Proficient Reading: Effects of a Year-Long Targeted Intervention on Reading Subskills
Adolescents	Reading to Reason: Comprehension, Epistemic Cognition, and Critical Thinking in Adolescents’ Multidimensional Sourcing
adult digital writing skills	Writing in the Digital Age: The Unexplored but Critical Skill Needed by Adults
Adult Literacy	Understanding the strengths and challenges of adults comprehending texts Characterizing How Adults with Varying Literacy Skills Interpret Narrative Symbolism
adult literacy learners	Writing in the Digital Age: The Unexplored but Critical Skill Needed by Adults Lexical Ambiguity and Sentence Comprehension in Adult Literacy Learners: The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge Direct and indirect effects of inferencing on reading comprehension in adult literacy learners: A path analysis of group differences in native and non-native English speakers
affect and cognition	Mothers in an online songwriting group who see what happened more similarly feel more connected
affirmation-directed reasoning	Topic Importance and Accuracy-Directed Reasoning Across Scientific Contexts
AI	Generative AI for Generative Learning: Investigating AI-Supported Learning-By-Explaining in Introductory Biology From Offloading to Engagement: Toward Effective Use of an AI Chatbot in an Explanation Writing Task
AI literacy	Beliefs and Epistemic Calibration in AI-Augmented Inquiry The Ed-AI literacy model in higher education: insights from scenario analysis
alignment	Compensatory Alignment in Natural Conversation Task roles and task goals jointly shape gaze and linguistic alignment during collaboration
Ambiguous words	Observing Meaning Activation and Selection in Puns: A Cross-modal Lexical Decision Paradigm
analytic rubric	How does the order of performance levels in rubrics influence student engagement and achievement in digital tasks?
anaphor resolution	Human-Like Anaphor Resolution in Large Language Models
Annotations	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
argumentative writing	Impacts on Argumentative Writing in a Discussion-and-Debate-Based Deep Reading Program
Artificial Intelligence	The Effect of AI Generated Explanations on Students Judgments of Learning LLMs Are Not the Same: AI Tools Differ When Adapting Texts for Struggling Readers Sourcing and Corroboration Across Adolescence and AI: A Comparative Study of Human Evaluators and ChatGPT Models Understanding Persuasive Routes in AI-powered Misinformation Revision Defensive Writing in the Age of AI: Writing to Prove Your Humanity
Artificial intelligence (AI)	Using AI To Summarize Texts: Effects on Metacognitive Awareness and Test Performance
assessment	Does the presence and position of Knowledge-of-Correct-Response feedback affect students’ engagement with and memory for digital Elaborative Feedback? Cohesion Alignment between LLM and Human Evaluations
attention	Focusing on the Big Picture: How Scaffolding Impacts Attention During Expository Text Comprehension
audience design	Audience design influences referential choice: A study of perspective-taking during self-communication
B
Bayesian Updating	Toward A Dynamic Framework for Formalizing Situation-Model Updating in Text Comprehension
BELIEFS	Effects of Document Source Trustworthiness and Prior Beliefs About Embedded Sources on the Evaluation and Sharing of Political Information
bilingualism	Bilingual Inconsistency Effect Do Bilingual Switching Patterns Shape Memory for Topics and Speakers? The critical impact of language of schooling on discourse updating for bilinguals A Meta-Analysis on the Relation Between Executive Functioning and Second-Language (L2) Reading
C
causal and concessive connectives	Causal and Concessive Connectives in ESL Reading Comprehension: Evidence Across Educational Levels and Individual Differences
Causal Connections	Note-taking and the Establishment of Causal Connections in Note-Review, and Comprehension of Spoken and Written Spontaneous Discourse by Argentine College Students
changemyview	The Language of Successful Persuasion on r/ChangeMyView
chatbot-based refutation	Correcting Artificial Intelligence Misconceptions Through Chatbot–Based Refutations
citation	Sourcing, Standards, and Skill Levels
cloze	Methods for Automated Generation of Cloze Tests for Discourse Comprehension Assessment
Code-switching	Do Bilingual Switching Patterns Shape Memory for Topics and Speakers?
cognitive alignment	Human-Like Anaphor Resolution in Large Language Models
Cognitive overload	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
coherence	Dimensionality of Inference Processes in Young Children: Insights from Latent Space Item Response Modeling
cohesion	Cohesion Alignment between LLM and Human Evaluations
comics cognition	Comics in education: A Meta-Analysis of Comics vs Text Interventions in STEM vs Non-STEM learning
comics in education	Comics in education: A Meta-Analysis of Comics vs Text Interventions in STEM vs Non-STEM learning
Communicative intent	Different kinds of misinterpretations of social media posts’ intended stance and what predicts them
comprehension	Indirect Effects of Intellectual Humility on Relationships between Metacognitive Awareness and Judgments and Reading Comprehension Performance Differences in fiction vs non-fiction video-based inference generation among elementary students Understanding the strengths and challenges of adults comprehending texts Using AI To Summarize Texts: Effects on Metacognitive Awareness and Test Performance The Impact of Text Genre on Visual and Verbal Thought During Reading A MASRL-Aligned Codebook for Identifying Metacognitive Processes in Think-Alouds During Multiple-Document Reading Different kinds of misinterpretations of social media posts’ intended stance and what predicts them Reading at home or at school ? Contextual effects on multiple documents comprehension strategies Measuring reading comprehension from retell with network science: A proof-of-concept evaluation
comprehension monitoring	Reconsidering D-ISC Assumptions for Younger Adolescents Through Comprehension Monitoring Research
comprehension strategies	Advancing a Taxonomy to Explain How Reading Comprehension Strategy Instruction Works
computational modeling	The Statistical Structure of the Lexicon Guides Novel Word Reading
Computational thinking	Mind the Gap: A Meta-Analysis of Spatial-Computational Representation in Educational interventions
confirmation bias	Does Sycophancy Build Trust? The Role of Confirmatory Feedback in the Perceived Credibility of Uncertain Feedback Sources
Construction-integration model	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
context	Reading at home or at school ? Contextual effects on multiple documents comprehension strategies
continued influuence effect	The critical impact of language of schooling on discourse updating for bilinguals
conversation	Who’s got the floor? Successful interruptions in dyadic conversations
coordination	Task roles and task goals jointly shape gaze and linguistic alignment during collaboration
corpus	The Language of Likes: A Corpus Study on Linguistic Predictors of Message Acceptance
corpus linguistics	Psycholinguistic Predictors of Engagement in Brand Discourse on TikTok
corpus statistics	The Statistical Structure of the Lexicon Guides Novel Word Reading
corroboration	Sourcing and Corroboration Across Adolescence and AI: A Comparative Study of Human Evaluators and ChatGPT Models
credibility	The Effect of Lateral Reading on Elementary Students' Evaluation of Credibility on Digital Information
Critical thinking	Reading to Reason: Comprehension, Epistemic Cognition, and Critical Thinking in Adolescents’ Multidimensional Sourcing
cross recurrence quantification analysis	Compensatory Alignment in Natural Conversation
Cross-modal lexical decision	Observing Meaning Activation and Selection in Puns: A Cross-modal Lexical Decision Paradigm
cross-validation	The Language of Likes: A Corpus Study on Linguistic Predictors of Message Acceptance
culturally relevant text	Cultural knowledge as a resource for reading: Elementary students’ comprehension processes and connections with culturally tailored text
D
deep reading	Impacts on Argumentative Writing in a Discussion-and-Debate-Based Deep Reading Program
deep reading comprehension	Disciplinary Literacy Disconnects: The Case of Nurse Education and Practice
Demographic data	The shortcomings of demographic discourse: comparing students’ self-described identity variables to institutional labels
Demographic questionnaires	The shortcomings of demographic discourse: comparing students’ self-described identity variables to institutional labels
Dialect differences	GPT Readability and Non-Standard English Dialects
dialogicality	Beyond Spoken Interaction: Discourse Markers, Stance, and Dialogicality in Fiction
dialogue	Task roles and task goals jointly shape gaze and linguistic alignment during collaboration
Differential Sensitivity	Explanatory Many-Facet Rasch Measurement as a Psychometric Approach to LLM Interpretability in Student Discourse
digital environments	The Language of Successful Persuasion on r/ChangeMyView
Digital Heuristics	Text Segmentation by Paragraphs and Chapters: a Temporal Sequence Revealing a Textual Rhythm
digital information	The Effect of Lateral Reading on Elementary Students' Evaluation of Credibility on Digital Information
digital learning environment	Does the presence and position of Knowledge-of-Correct-Response feedback affect students’ engagement with and memory for digital Elaborative Feedback? How does the order of performance levels in rubrics influence student engagement and achievement in digital tasks?
Digital literacy	Reading to Reason: Comprehension, Epistemic Cognition, and Critical Thinking in Adolescents’ Multidimensional Sourcing The Effect of Lateral Reading on Elementary Students' Evaluation of Credibility on Digital Information Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
Digital Natives	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
Digital reading	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
Digital Reading Comprehension	Title: Text-to-Speech as a Digital Reading Affordance: Reducing Mind-Wandering and Improving Processing Efficiency and Comprehension in School-Age Students
digital video	The Functions of Floating and Empty Signifiers in Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Insights from a Student Digital Video Composition
disability education	Supporting Discourse Among Learners with Disability Labels in a Middle School Science Classroom
disciplinary literacy	Disciplinary Literacy Disconnects: The Case of Nurse Education and Practice Reading for Models: Reconceptualizing the Product of Deep Reading Comprehension
discourse	Who’s got the floor? Successful interruptions in dyadic conversations
discourse analysis	Explanatory Many-Facet Rasch Measurement as a Psychometric Approach to LLM Interpretability in Student Discourse
discourse as power	A World Court for Whom? Machine Learning Evidence of Bias in Legal Discourse
discourse comprehension	Understanding Individual and Media Differences in Kindergarteners’ Video-Based Inference-Making Bilingual Inconsistency Effect Methods for Automated Generation of Cloze Tests for Discourse Comprehension Assessment Note-taking and the Establishment of Causal Connections in Note-Review, and Comprehension of Spoken and Written Spontaneous Discourse by Argentine College Students Constructing a Predictive Scientific Reading Framework
discourse markers	Beyond Spoken Interaction: Discourse Markers, Stance, and Dialogicality in Fiction
Discourse processes	Conceptualizing Trust in Science across Discourse, Epistemic, and Science Communication Perspectives
discourse representations	Statistical learning defines which discourse biases guide pronoun interpretation
Discourse updating	The critical impact of language of schooling on discourse updating for bilinguals Language-Dependent Modality Effects on Discourse Updating in Heritage Spanish English Bilinguals
discussion	Impacts on Argumentative Writing in a Discussion-and-Debate-Based Deep Reading Program
disinformation	Public Information, Misinformation, and Disinformation Discourse in Generative Artificial Intelligence Narratives
Distant Reading	Text Segmentation by Paragraphs and Chapters: a Temporal Sequence Revealing a Textual Rhythm
DOCUMENT SOURCES	Effects of Document Source Trustworthiness and Prior Beliefs About Embedded Sources on the Evaluation and Sharing of Political Information
dynamical systems	Task roles and task goals jointly shape gaze and linguistic alignment during collaboration
E
E-book vs PDF	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
ED-AI lit framework	The Ed-AI literacy model in higher education: insights from scenario analysis
education	A Review of Materials Used in Multiple Source Use Tasks Through the Lens of Epistemic Cognition
Efficiency	Modeling Inference-Making Efficiency in Kindergarten Students Using Drift–Diffusion Modeling
Elaboration Likelihood Model	Understanding Persuasive Routes in AI-powered Misinformation Revision
elementary grades	Cultural knowledge as a resource for reading: Elementary students’ comprehension processes and connections with culturally tailored text
elementary school	The Effect of Lateral Reading on Elementary Students' Evaluation of Credibility on Digital Information
Embedded images	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
EMBEDDED SOURCES	Effects of Document Source Trustworthiness and Prior Beliefs About Embedded Sources on the Evaluation and Sharing of Political Information
emotion	Producing verbal irony reduces the intensity of felt negative emotion
emotion regulation	Producing verbal irony reduces the intensity of felt negative emotion
Emotions	Effects of Seductive Scientific Refutation Texts on Low and High Knowledge Readers
empathetic refutations	Correcting Artificial Intelligence Misconceptions Through Chatbot–Based Refutations
English language learner	Modeling Inference-Making Efficiency in Kindergarten Students Using Drift–Diffusion Modeling
Episodic memory	Do Bilingual Switching Patterns Shape Memory for Topics and Speakers?
Epistemic belief	Reading to Reason: Comprehension, Epistemic Cognition, and Critical Thinking in Adolescents’ Multidimensional Sourcing
Epistemic calibration	Beliefs and Epistemic Calibration in AI-Augmented Inquiry
Epistemic cognition	Conceptualizing Trust in Science across Discourse, Epistemic, and Science Communication Perspectives A Review of Materials Used in Multiple Source Use Tasks Through the Lens of Epistemic Cognition Clarifying the construct of sourcing: A scoping review and secondary analysis of process data
EU data	Trust and media perception: Exploring sociodemographic and attitudinal determinants of perceived exposure to fake news
evaluation orientation	Evaluative Orientations in Students’ Evidentiary Reasoning: A Natural Language Processing Approach
event cognition	Prediction Over Postdiction: Directional Asymmetry in Event Schema Activation
event schema	Prediction Over Postdiction: Directional Asymmetry in Event Schema Activation
Events construal	How Writers Make Events Mean: Predicates at the Interface of Cognition and Narrative Discourse
evidence evaluation	Evaluative Orientations in Students’ Evidentiary Reasoning: A Natural Language Processing Approach
executive function	How Does Semantic-Phonological Bridging Contribute to Adults’ Expository Reading Comprehension? An Empirical Test of The Active View of Reading Socioeconomic context, executive function, and expository discourse comprehension in adolescence Executive Function and Fluency: The Role of Graphophonological-Semantic Cognitive Flexibility in Oral Reading Fluency Rate and Expressiveness
Executive Functions	A Meta-Analysis on the Relation Between Executive Functioning and Second-Language (L2) Reading
Expectation-driven Processing	Toward A Dynamic Framework for Formalizing Situation-Model Updating in Text Comprehension
experiment	An experimental study of pronouns in self-talk: When “you” is “I”
explanation	Generative AI for Generative Learning: Investigating AI-Supported Learning-By-Explaining in Introductory Biology Metacognitive Judgment Accuracy Under Different Exposures to Worked Examples The Effect of AI Generated Explanations on Students Judgments of Learning From Offloading to Engagement: Toward Effective Use of an AI Chatbot in an Explanation Writing Task
Explanatory Item Response Modeling	Reader-test interactions in reading comprehension: Linking reader characteristics, text complexity, and question types aligned with the Common Core
Explanatory MFRM	Explanatory Many-Facet Rasch Measurement as a Psychometric Approach to LLM Interpretability in Student Discourse
explanatory virtue	Explanation Evaluation based on Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity
expository reading	Focusing on the Big Picture: How Scaffolding Impacts Attention During Expository Text Comprehension
eye tracking	Using Eye Gaze Data to Track Changes in Reading Behaviors with Parallel Texts
eye-tracking	Task roles and task goals jointly shape gaze and linguistic alignment during collaboration Eye-Movement Indices of Structure Building: How Ambient-to-Focal Dynamics Track Mapping and Shifting Processes Constructing a Predictive Scientific Reading Framework
F
Fake news	Trust and media perception: Exploring sociodemographic and attitudinal determinants of perceived exposure to fake news
Family Structure	Understanding the Overlapping Impacts of Socioeconomic Challenges and Family Structure on Literacy
fear of happiness	Positivity-Induced Mind Wandering in Reading: Insights from Reward Devaluation Theory
feedback	Does the presence and position of Knowledge-of-Correct-Response feedback affect students’ engagement with and memory for digital Elaborative Feedback?
feedback-seeking	Does Sycophancy Build Trust? The Role of Confirmatory Feedback in the Perceived Credibility of Uncertain Feedback Sources Understanding the Relationship Between Growth Mindset and Feedback-seeking: The Role of Academic Self-Efficacy
Fiction	Differences in fiction vs non-fiction video-based inference generation among elementary students Beyond Spoken Interaction: Discourse Markers, Stance, and Dialogicality in Fiction
film	The Functions of Floating and Empty Signifiers in Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Insights from a Student Digital Video Composition
formative assessment	Methods for Automated Generation of Cloze Tests for Discourse Comprehension Assessment How does the order of performance levels in rubrics influence student engagement and achievement in digital tasks?
G
Gamification	GenAI powered Socratic chatbots for learning STEM topics – a pilot study Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
GenAI	GenAI powered Socratic chatbots for learning STEM topics – a pilot study
GenAI narratives	Public Information, Misinformation, and Disinformation Discourse in Generative Artificial Intelligence Narratives
Generative activities	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
Generative AI	Beliefs and Epistemic Calibration in AI-Augmented Inquiry
Genre	Differences in fiction vs non-fiction video-based inference generation among elementary students
group bonding	Mothers in an online songwriting group who see what happened more similarly feel more connected
growth mindset	Understanding the Relationship Between Growth Mindset and Feedback-seeking: The Role of Academic Self-Efficacy
H
Health Education	Note-taking and the Establishment of Causal Connections in Note-Review, and Comprehension of Spoken and Written Spontaneous Discourse by Argentine College Students
Heritage speakers	Language-Dependent Modality Effects on Discourse Updating in Heritage Spanish English Bilinguals
higher education	Does the presence and position of Knowledge-of-Correct-Response feedback affect students’ engagement with and memory for digital Elaborative Feedback? How does the order of performance levels in rubrics influence student engagement and achievement in digital tasks? The Ed-AI literacy model in higher education: insights from scenario analysis
I
I vs. you	An experimental study of pronouns in self-talk: When “you” is “I”
ICG	Understanding Verbal Irony: A contrastive Analysis of Personal and Informational Common Ground Revisiting Common Ground in Verbal Irony: Evidence from Response Times
identity	The shortcomings of demographic discourse: comparing students’ self-described identity variables to institutional labels
identity discourse	The shortcomings of demographic discourse: comparing students’ self-described identity variables to institutional labels
Inference	Differences in fiction vs non-fiction video-based inference generation among elementary students
inference making	Dimensionality of Inference Processes in Young Children: Insights from Latent Space Item Response Modeling
Inference-making	Leveraging Technology for Inference-making Instruction in Emerging Readers Understanding Individual and Media Differences in Kindergarteners’ Video-Based Inference-Making Modeling Inference-Making Efficiency in Kindergarten Students Using Drift–Diffusion Modeling
inferences	Revising a psychology textbook to improve discipline-specific learning
inferencing	Direct and indirect effects of inferencing on reading comprehension in adult literacy learners: A path analysis of group differences in native and non-native English speakers
informal learning	Watching Experts Succeed Makes Novices Overconfident, but Watching Failures Increases Caution
information evaluation	Sourcing and Corroboration Across Adolescence and AI: A Comparative Study of Human Evaluators and ChatGPT Models
instructional scaffolds	Supporting Discourse Among Learners with Disability Labels in a Middle School Science Classroom
integration	How Does Semantic-Phonological Bridging Contribute to Adults’ Expository Reading Comprehension? An Empirical Test of The Active View of Reading How can summary writing support readers' understanding of information from multiple texts?
Intellectual Humility	Indirect Effects of Intellectual Humility on Relationships between Metacognitive Awareness and Judgments and Reading Comprehension Performance The Contributions of Intellectual Humility to Metamemory for Sources of Multiple Conflicting Claims on the Internet
Interactional context	Do Bilingual Switching Patterns Shape Memory for Topics and Speakers?
international institutions	A World Court for Whom? Machine Learning Evidence of Bias in Legal Discourse
interruptions	Who’s got the floor? Successful interruptions in dyadic conversations
intervention	A Review of Materials Used in Multiple Source Use Tasks Through the Lens of Epistemic Cognition
J
Japanese-English Bilinguals	Mental Simulation in L1 and L2: The Role of Shape Typicality in Japanese–English Bilinguals
K
kindergarten	Dimensionality of Inference Processes in Young Children: Insights from Latent Space Item Response Modeling
kindergarten students	Understanding Individual and Media Differences in Kindergarteners’ Video-Based Inference-Making
knowledge activation	Prediction Over Postdiction: Directional Asymmetry in Event Schema Activation
Knowledge gain	A multidimensional approach to investigate the association between prior knowledge and learning from texts
knowledge revision	Correcting Artificial Intelligence Misconceptions Through Chatbot–Based Refutations Understanding Persuasive Routes in AI-powered Misinformation Revision
L
landscape model	Bilingual Inconsistency Effect
Language control	Do Bilingual Switching Patterns Shape Memory for Topics and Speakers?
language production	Producing verbal irony reduces the intensity of felt negative emotion
Large Langauge Models	Defensive Writing in the Age of AI: Writing to Prove Your Humanity
Large language models	Human-Like Anaphor Resolution in Large Language Models Cohesion Alignment between LLM and Human Evaluations GPT Readability and Non-Standard English Dialects Sourcing and Corroboration Across Adolescence and AI: A Comparative Study of Human Evaluators and ChatGPT Models
latent space item response modeling	Dimensionality of Inference Processes in Young Children: Insights from Latent Space Item Response Modeling
Later language development	How Writers Make Events Mean: Predicates at the Interface of Cognition and Narrative Discourse
lateral reading	The Effect of Lateral Reading on Elementary Students' Evaluation of Credibility on Digital Information
learning	Watching Experts Succeed Makes Novices Overconfident, but Watching Failures Increases Caution Using AI To Summarize Texts: Effects on Metacognitive Awareness and Test Performance Comics in education: A Meta-Analysis of Comics vs Text Interventions in STEM vs Non-STEM learning Beliefs and Overconfidence for Learning Science Misconceptions in College Students
Learning personalization	GenAI powered Socratic chatbots for learning STEM topics – a pilot study
Lexical access	Observing Meaning Activation and Selection in Puns: A Cross-modal Lexical Decision Paradigm
lexical ambiguity	Lexical Ambiguity and Sentence Comprehension in Adult Literacy Learners: The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge
likes	The Language of Likes: A Corpus Study on Linguistic Predictors of Message Acceptance
linguistic features	The Language of Likes: A Corpus Study on Linguistic Predictors of Message Acceptance
Literacy	Understanding the Overlapping Impacts of Socioeconomic Challenges and Family Structure on Literacy The effect of direct, explicit instruction of text-sourced vocabulary words for secondary students with reading difficulties, including MLLs, when delivered by paraprofessionals
literacy instruction	Advancing a Taxonomy to Explain How Reading Comprehension Strategy Instruction Works
Literary text	Text Segmentation by Paragraphs and Chapters: a Temporal Sequence Revealing a Textual Rhythm
Literary texts	LLMs Are Not the Same: AI Tools Differ When Adapting Texts for Struggling Readers
LIWC	Producing verbal irony reduces the intensity of felt negative emotion
LLMs	Explanatory Many-Facet Rasch Measurement as a Psychometric Approach to LLM Interpretability in Student Discourse
M
machine learning	A World Court for Whom? Machine Learning Evidence of Bias in Legal Discourse
masked language models	Methods for Automated Generation of Cloze Tests for Discourse Comprehension Assessment
mathematical word problems	Metacognitive Judgment Accuracy Under Different Exposures to Worked Examples
Mathematics	GPT Readability and Non-Standard English Dialects
Meaning activation	Observing Meaning Activation and Selection in Puns: A Cross-modal Lexical Decision Paradigm
measurement	Measuring reading comprehension from retell with network science: A proof-of-concept evaluation
Media perception profiles	Trust and media perception: Exploring sociodemographic and attitudinal determinants of perceived exposure to fake news
memory	Does the presence and position of Knowledge-of-Correct-Response feedback affect students’ engagement with and memory for digital Elaborative Feedback? Reading at home or at school ? Contextual effects on multiple documents comprehension strategies
memory retrieval processes	Bilingual Inconsistency Effect
mental simulation	Mental Simulation in L1 and L2: The Role of Shape Typicality in Japanese–English Bilinguals
message acceptance	The Language of Likes: A Corpus Study on Linguistic Predictors of Message Acceptance
Meta-Analysis	A Meta-Analysis on the Relation Between Executive Functioning and Second-Language (L2) Reading
Metacognition	Indirect Effects of Intellectual Humility on Relationships between Metacognitive Awareness and Judgments and Reading Comprehension Performance Metacognitive Judgment Accuracy Under Different Exposures to Worked Examples The Lingering Effects of Difficulty: Perceived Difficulty and Task-Unrelated Thought During Learning Watching Experts Succeed Makes Novices Overconfident, but Watching Failures Increases Caution Using AI To Summarize Texts: Effects on Metacognitive Awareness and Test Performance The Effect of AI Generated Explanations on Students Judgments of Learning A MASRL-Aligned Codebook for Identifying Metacognitive Processes in Think-Alouds During Multiple-Document Reading Beliefs and Overconfidence for Learning Science Misconceptions in College Students The Contributions of Intellectual Humility to Metamemory for Sources of Multiple Conflicting Claims on the Internet Unpacking Self-Regulated Learning from Multiple Digital Resources: What are Key Processes?
middle grades	Impacts on Argumentative Writing in a Discussion-and-Debate-Based Deep Reading Program
Mind wandering	Positivity-Induced Mind Wandering in Reading: Insights from Reward Devaluation Theory The Lingering Effects of Difficulty: Perceived Difficulty and Task-Unrelated Thought During Learning Critically Examining the Perceptual Decoupling – Mind Wandering Link: Implications for Comprehension Title: Text-to-Speech as a Digital Reading Affordance: Reducing Mind-Wandering and Improving Processing Efficiency and Comprehension in School-Age Students
mind-wandering	Focusing on the Big Picture: How Scaffolding Impacts Attention During Expository Text Comprehension
Miscommunication	Different kinds of misinterpretations of social media posts’ intended stance and what predicts them
misconception	Correcting Artificial Intelligence Misconceptions Through Chatbot–Based Refutations Understanding Persuasive Routes in AI-powered Misinformation Revision
Misconceptions	Beliefs and Overconfidence for Learning Science Misconceptions in College Students
misinformation	Public Information, Misinformation, and Disinformation Discourse in Generative Artificial Intelligence Narratives
mixed-methods	The shortcomings of demographic discourse: comparing students’ self-described identity variables to institutional labels
Modalities	Language-Dependent Modality Effects on Discourse Updating in Heritage Spanish English Bilinguals
Modality of Presentation	Note-taking and the Establishment of Causal Connections in Note-Review, and Comprehension of Spoken and Written Spontaneous Discourse by Argentine College Students
models	Reading for Models: Reconceptualizing the Product of Deep Reading Comprehension
moderation of gender	Parsing for Meaning: Gender Differences in Response to Sentence-Level Instruction
multilingual learners	The effect of direct, explicit instruction of text-sourced vocabulary words for secondary students with reading difficulties, including MLLs, when delivered by paraprofessionals
Multimedia comprehension	Leveraging Technology for Inference-making Instruction in Emerging Readers
multimodal discourse analysis	The Functions of Floating and Empty Signifiers in Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Insights from a Student Digital Video Composition
multimodal interaction	Mothers in an online songwriting group who see what happened more similarly feel more connected
multiple document comprehension	Explanation Evaluation based on Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity
multiple documents	A Review of Materials Used in Multiple Source Use Tasks Through the Lens of Epistemic Cognition Reading at home or at school ? Contextual effects on multiple documents comprehension strategies
Multiple Representations	Mind the Gap: A Meta-Analysis of Spatial-Computational Representation in Educational interventions
Multiple Resource Learning	Unpacking Self-Regulated Learning from Multiple Digital Resources: What are Key Processes?
multiple source usage	A Review of Materials Used in Multiple Source Use Tasks Through the Lens of Epistemic Cognition
multiple text comprehension	Clarifying the construct of sourcing: A scoping review and secondary analysis of process data How can summary writing support readers' understanding of information from multiple texts? Reconsidering D-ISC Assumptions for Younger Adolescents Through Comprehension Monitoring Research
multiple-document reading	A MASRL-Aligned Codebook for Identifying Metacognitive Processes in Think-Alouds During Multiple-Document Reading
Multiple-text comprehension	Topic Familiarity and Strategic Processing in Learning from Multiple Texts
Multiple-text integration	Topic Familiarity and Strategic Processing in Learning from Multiple Texts
Multiple-text reading	A multidimensional approach to investigate the association between prior knowledge and learning from texts
N
Narrative	How Writers Make Events Mean: Predicates at the Interface of Cognition and Narrative Discourse
Narrative Symbolism	Characterizing How Adults with Varying Literacy Skills Interpret Narrative Symbolism
Narrative writing	GenAI powered Socratic chatbots for learning STEM topics – a pilot study
Narratives	Eye-Movement Indices of Structure Building: How Ambient-to-Focal Dynamics Track Mapping and Shifting Processes
natural language processing	Evaluative Orientations in Students’ Evidentiary Reasoning: A Natural Language Processing Approach
network	Measuring reading comprehension from retell with network science: A proof-of-concept evaluation
Non-fiction	Differences in fiction vs non-fiction video-based inference generation among elementary students
non-literal and ambiguous sentence comprehension	Lexical Ambiguity and Sentence Comprehension in Adult Literacy Learners: The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge
non-native speakers	Direct and indirect effects of inferencing on reading comprehension in adult literacy learners: A path analysis of group differences in native and non-native English speakers
non-STEM education	Comics in education: A Meta-Analysis of Comics vs Text Interventions in STEM vs Non-STEM learning
Note-Taking	Note-taking and the Establishment of Causal Connections in Note-Review, and Comprehension of Spoken and Written Spontaneous Discourse by Argentine College Students
nursing	Disciplinary Literacy Disconnects: The Case of Nurse Education and Practice
O
online group songwriting	Mothers in an online songwriting group who see what happened more similarly feel more connected
Oral Reading Fluency	Executive Function and Fluency: The Role of Graphophonological-Semantic Cognitive Flexibility in Oral Reading Fluency Rate and Expressiveness
orientation	Mental Simulation in L1 and L2: The Role of Shape Typicality in Japanese–English Bilinguals
overconfidence	Watching Experts Succeed Makes Novices Overconfident, but Watching Failures Increases Caution
overlapping cognition	Mothers in an online songwriting group who see what happened more similarly feel more connected
P
Pagination	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
Paragraphs Length	Text Segmentation by Paragraphs and Chapters: a Temporal Sequence Revealing a Textual Rhythm
parallel text	Using Eye Gaze Data to Track Changes in Reading Behaviors with Parallel Texts
paraprofessionals	The effect of direct, explicit instruction of text-sourced vocabulary words for secondary students with reading difficulties, including MLLs, when delivered by paraprofessionals
PCG	Understanding Verbal Irony: A contrastive Analysis of Personal and Informational Common Ground Revisiting Common Ground in Verbal Irony: Evidence from Response Times
pedagogy	A Review of Materials Used in Multiple Source Use Tasks Through the Lens of Epistemic Cognition
peer discourse	To pair or not to pair? Testing for differences in learning from small group discussions due to group size
Perceived exposure	Trust and media perception: Exploring sociodemographic and attitudinal determinants of perceived exposure to fake news
perceptual decoupling	Critically Examining the Perceptual Decoupling – Mind Wandering Link: Implications for Comprehension
perspective-taking	Audience design influences referential choice: A study of perspective-taking during self-communication An experimental study of pronouns in self-talk: When “you” is “I”
persuasion	The Language of Successful Persuasion on r/ChangeMyView
philosophy of science	Reading for Models: Reconceptualizing the Product of Deep Reading Comprehension
Phraseology	Explanatory Many-Facet Rasch Measurement as a Psychometric Approach to LLM Interpretability in Student Discourse
plagiarism	Sourcing, Standards, and Skill Levels
Political Polarization	The Effect of Polarized Partisanship on Adolescents’ Scientific Reasoning
positive vs. negative valence	An experimental study of pronouns in self-talk: When “you” is “I”
Possible World Semantics	Toward A Dynamic Framework for Formalizing Situation-Model Updating in Text Comprehension
Predicates	How Writers Make Events Mean: Predicates at the Interface of Cognition and Narrative Discourse
Prior knowledge	A multidimensional approach to investigate the association between prior knowledge and learning from texts The Impact of Text Genre on Visual and Verbal Thought During Reading
program impacts	Impacts on Argumentative Writing in a Discussion-and-Debate-Based Deep Reading Program
prompting	Human-Like Anaphor Resolution in Large Language Models
pronoun comprehension	Understanding singular they becomes easier with exposure Statistical learning defines which discourse biases guide pronoun interpretation
pronoun resolution	When Adaptation Doesn't Transfer: Visual World Paradigm Limits in Pronoun Processing
pronouns	An experimental study of pronouns in self-talk: When “you” is “I”
Prosody	Executive Function and Fluency: The Role of Graphophonological-Semantic Cognitive Flexibility in Oral Reading Fluency Rate and Expressiveness
psycholinguistics	Psycholinguistic Predictors of Engagement in Brand Discourse on TikTok
Puns	Observing Meaning Activation and Selection in Puns: A Cross-modal Lexical Decision Paradigm
purpose	Reading at home or at school ? Contextual effects on multiple documents comprehension strategies
Q
qualitative research	Disciplinary Literacy Disconnects: The Case of Nurse Education and Practice
questioning	Supporting Discourse Among Learners with Disability Labels in a Middle School Science Classroom
R
Readability formulas	LLMs Are Not the Same: AI Tools Differ When Adapting Texts for Struggling Readers
Readability level	GPT Readability and Non-Standard English Dialects
ReadBasix	Parsing for Meaning: Gender Differences in Response to Sentence-Level Instruction
Reader-Test Interaction	Reader-test interactions in reading comprehension: Linking reader characteristics, text complexity, and question types aligned with the Common Core
reading	Using AI To Summarize Texts: Effects on Metacognitive Awareness and Test Performance The Statistical Structure of the Lexicon Guides Novel Word Reading Reading at home or at school ? Contextual effects on multiple documents comprehension strategies Situational Uncertainty as a Predictor of Source Use and Memory During Evaluative Reading
reading comprehension	Cultural knowledge as a resource for reading: Elementary students’ comprehension processes and connections with culturally tailored text Causal and Concessive Connectives in ESL Reading Comprehension: Evidence Across Educational Levels and Individual Differences Reading for Models: Reconceptualizing the Product of Deep Reading Comprehension How Does Semantic-Phonological Bridging Contribute to Adults’ Expository Reading Comprehension? An Empirical Test of The Active View of Reading Reader-test interactions in reading comprehension: Linking reader characteristics, text complexity, and question types aligned with the Common Core Socioeconomic context, executive function, and expository discourse comprehension in adolescence A Meta-Analysis on the Relation Between Executive Functioning and Second-Language (L2) Reading The use of a think aloud procedure to examine reading strategy use in adolescent readers
Reading Development	Tracing the Pathway to Proficient Reading: Effects of a Year-Long Targeted Intervention on Reading Subskills
Reading Intervention	Tracing the Pathway to Proficient Reading: Effects of a Year-Long Targeted Intervention on Reading Subskills
reading models	How Does Semantic-Phonological Bridging Contribute to Adults’ Expository Reading Comprehension? An Empirical Test of The Active View of Reading
Reading Rate	Executive Function and Fluency: The Role of Graphophonological-Semantic Cognitive Flexibility in Oral Reading Fluency Rate and Expressiveness
Reading Strategies	Topic Familiarity and Strategic Processing in Learning from Multiple Texts The use of a think aloud procedure to examine reading strategy use in adolescent readers
reading strategy	Focusing on the Big Picture: How Scaffolding Impacts Attention During Expository Text Comprehension
Recursive Epistemics	Toward A Dynamic Framework for Formalizing Situation-Model Updating in Text Comprehension
reddit	The Language of Successful Persuasion on r/ChangeMyView
reference processing	Statistical learning defines which discourse biases guide pronoun interpretation
referential adaptation	When Adaptation Doesn't Transfer: Visual World Paradigm Limits in Pronoun Processing
referential communication	Audience design influences referential choice: A study of perspective-taking during self-communication
referential elaboration	Audience design influences referential choice: A study of perspective-taking during self-communication
Refutation Text	Effects of Seductive Scientific Refutation Texts on Low and High Knowledge Readers
Reward devaluation theory	Positivity-Induced Mind Wandering in Reading: Insights from Reward Devaluation Theory
RTs	Revisiting Common Ground in Verbal Irony: Evidence from Response Times
rubric processing	How does the order of performance levels in rubrics influence student engagement and achievement in digital tasks?
S
scaffolding	Focusing on the Big Picture: How Scaffolding Impacts Attention During Expository Text Comprehension
Scene Perception	Eye-Movement Indices of Structure Building: How Ambient-to-Focal Dynamics Track Mapping and Shifting Processes
School age Writing	How Writers Make Events Mean: Predicates at the Interface of Cognition and Narrative Discourse
Science communication	Conceptualizing Trust in Science across Discourse, Epistemic, and Science Communication Perspectives
science comprehension	Generative AI for Generative Learning: Investigating AI-Supported Learning-By-Explaining in Introductory Biology From Offloading to Engagement: Toward Effective Use of an AI Chatbot in an Explanation Writing Task
Science Denial	The Effect of Polarized Partisanship on Adolescents’ Scientific Reasoning
science learning	Revising a psychology textbook to improve discipline-specific learning
scientific reports	To pair or not to pair? Testing for differences in learning from small group discussions due to group size
scientific text	Constructing a Predictive Scientific Reading Framework
Screen inferiority effect	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
Scrolling concerns	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
second language reading	Causal and Concessive Connectives in ESL Reading Comprehension: Evidence Across Educational Levels and Individual Differences
Secondary education	LLMs Are Not the Same: AI Tools Differ When Adapting Texts for Struggling Readers The effect of direct, explicit instruction of text-sourced vocabulary words for secondary students with reading difficulties, including MLLs, when delivered by paraprofessionals
Seductive Details	Effects of Seductive Scientific Refutation Texts on Low and High Knowledge Readers
Self-Regulated Learning	Unpacking Self-Regulated Learning from Multiple Digital Resources: What are Key Processes?
self-talk	An experimental study of pronouns in self-talk: When “you” is “I”
self-verification	Does Sycophancy Build Trust? The Role of Confirmatory Feedback in the Perceived Credibility of Uncertain Feedback Sources
semiotics	The Functions of Floating and Empty Signifiers in Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Insights from a Student Digital Video Composition
sentence embedding	Evaluative Orientations in Students’ Evidentiary Reasoning: A Natural Language Processing Approach
sentence processing intervention	Parsing for Meaning: Gender Differences in Response to Sentence-Level Instruction
Shallowing hypothesis	Interactive digital reading features and comprehension outcomes in secondary and postsecondary learners: A scoping review.
shape	Mental Simulation in L1 and L2: The Role of Shape Typicality in Japanese–English Bilinguals
SHARING INTENTION	Effects of Document Source Trustworthiness and Prior Beliefs About Embedded Sources on the Evaluation and Sharing of Political Information
sign	The Functions of Floating and Empty Signifiers in Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Insights from a Student Digital Video Composition
simplicity	Explanation Evaluation based on Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity
singular they	Understanding singular they becomes easier with exposure
Situation Models	Mind the Gap: A Meta-Analysis of Spatial-Computational Representation in Educational interventions Toward A Dynamic Framework for Formalizing Situation-Model Updating in Text Comprehension
Situational Continuity	Eye-Movement Indices of Structure Building: How Ambient-to-Focal Dynamics Track Mapping and Shifting Processes
small group discussions	To pair or not to pair? Testing for differences in learning from small group discussions due to group size
social media	The Language of Successful Persuasion on r/ChangeMyView Psycholinguistic Predictors of Engagement in Brand Discourse on TikTok Different kinds of misinterpretations of social media posts’ intended stance and what predicts them
social variables	Compensatory Alignment in Natural Conversation
Socioeconomic Challenges	Understanding the Overlapping Impacts of Socioeconomic Challenges and Family Structure on Literacy
socioeconomic status	Socioeconomic context, executive function, and expository discourse comprehension in adolescence
socioscientific issues	Supporting Discourse Among Learners with Disability Labels in a Middle School Science Classroom
socratic method	GenAI powered Socratic chatbots for learning STEM topics – a pilot study
source credibility	Does Sycophancy Build Trust? The Role of Confirmatory Feedback in the Perceived Credibility of Uncertain Feedback Sources
Source evaluation	Clarifying the construct of sourcing: A scoping review and secondary analysis of process data
source expertise	Explanation Evaluation based on Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity
Source Memory	Do Bilingual Switching Patterns Shape Memory for Topics and Speakers? The Contributions of Intellectual Humility to Metamemory for Sources of Multiple Conflicting Claims on the Internet
sources	Sourcing, Standards, and Skill Levels
sourcing	Sourcing and Corroboration Across Adolescence and AI: A Comparative Study of Human Evaluators and ChatGPT Models Situational Uncertainty as a Predictor of Source Use and Memory During Evaluative Reading
Sourcing skills	Reading to Reason: Comprehension, Epistemic Cognition, and Critical Thinking in Adolescents’ Multidimensional Sourcing
Spatial Thinking	Mind the Gap: A Meta-Analysis of Spatial-Computational Representation in Educational interventions
Special education status	Modeling Inference-Making Efficiency in Kindergarten Students Using Drift–Diffusion Modeling
spoken vs. written language	Beyond Spoken Interaction: Discourse Markers, Stance, and Dialogicality in Fiction
Spontaneous Discourse	Note-taking and the Establishment of Causal Connections in Note-Review, and Comprehension of Spoken and Written Spontaneous Discourse by Argentine College Students
Stance	Different kinds of misinterpretations of social media posts’ intended stance and what predicts them Beyond Spoken Interaction: Discourse Markers, Stance, and Dialogicality in Fiction
statistical learning	Understanding singular they becomes easier with exposure When Adaptation Doesn't Transfer: Visual World Paradigm Limits in Pronoun Processing Statistical learning defines which discourse biases guide pronoun interpretation
STEM	GenAI powered Socratic chatbots for learning STEM topics – a pilot study
STEM education	Comics in education: A Meta-Analysis of Comics vs Text Interventions in STEM vs Non-STEM learning
Strategic Reading	The Contributions of Intellectual Humility to Metamemory for Sources of Multiple Conflicting Claims on the Internet
Struggling readers	LLMs Are Not the Same: AI Tools Differ When Adapting Texts for Struggling Readers
Student inquiry	Beliefs and Epistemic Calibration in AI-Augmented Inquiry
subjectivity	The Functions of Floating and Empty Signifiers in Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Insights from a Student Digital Video Composition
summarization	How can summary writing support readers' understanding of information from multiple texts?
surprisal	Human-Like Anaphor Resolution in Large Language Models
T
task demands	Critically Examining the Perceptual Decoupling – Mind Wandering Link: Implications for Comprehension
task model	Reading at home or at school ? Contextual effects on multiple documents comprehension strategies
Task-unrelated thoughts	The Lingering Effects of Difficulty: Perceived Difficulty and Task-Unrelated Thought During Learning
teaching	A Review of Materials Used in Multiple Source Use Tasks Through the Lens of Epistemic Cognition
Technology Acceptance Model	Beliefs and Epistemic Calibration in AI-Augmented Inquiry
Technology-based instruction	Leveraging Technology for Inference-making Instruction in Emerging Readers
Text adaptation	LLMs Are Not the Same: AI Tools Differ When Adapting Texts for Struggling Readers
Text Complexity	The Lingering Effects of Difficulty: Perceived Difficulty and Task-Unrelated Thought During Learning Using Eye Gaze Data to Track Changes in Reading Behaviors with Parallel Texts LLMs Are Not the Same: AI Tools Differ When Adapting Texts for Struggling Readers
text comprehension	The Effect of AI Generated Explanations on Students Judgments of Learning Toward A Dynamic Framework for Formalizing Situation-Model Updating in Text Comprehension Advancing a Taxonomy to Explain How Reading Comprehension Strategy Instruction Works
text discourse	The Language of Successful Persuasion on r/ChangeMyView
text genre	The Impact of Text Genre on Visual and Verbal Thought During Reading
text processing	Does the presence and position of Knowledge-of-Correct-Response feedback affect students’ engagement with and memory for digital Elaborative Feedback?
text-based communication	The Language of Successful Persuasion on r/ChangeMyView
Text-to-speech	Title: Text-to-Speech as a Digital Reading Affordance: Reducing Mind-Wandering and Improving Processing Efficiency and Comprehension in School-Age Students
textbook revision	Revising a psychology textbook to improve discipline-specific learning
Textual Rhythm	Text Segmentation by Paragraphs and Chapters: a Temporal Sequence Revealing a Textual Rhythm
textual valence	Positivity-Induced Mind Wandering in Reading: Insights from Reward Devaluation Theory
Thinking Aloud	Understanding the strengths and challenges of adults comprehending texts Characterizing How Adults with Varying Literacy Skills Interpret Narrative Symbolism
Tier 2	The effect of direct, explicit instruction of text-sourced vocabulary words for secondary students with reading difficulties, including MLLs, when delivered by paraprofessionals
Topic familiarity	Topic Familiarity and Strategic Processing in Learning from Multiple Texts
topic importance	Topic Importance and Accuracy-Directed Reasoning Across Scientific Contexts
Trust in media	Trust and media perception: Exploring sociodemographic and attitudinal determinants of perceived exposure to fake news
Trust in science	Conceptualizing Trust in Science across Discourse, Epistemic, and Science Communication Perspectives
Trust in scientists	Conceptualizing Trust in Science across Discourse, Epistemic, and Science Communication Perspectives
TRUSTWORTHINESS EVALUATION	Effects of Document Source Trustworthiness and Prior Beliefs About Embedded Sources on the Evaluation and Sharing of Political Information
typicality	Mental Simulation in L1 and L2: The Role of Shape Typicality in Japanese–English Bilinguals
U
Uncertainty	Situational Uncertainty as a Predictor of Source Use and Memory During Evaluative Reading
Undergraduates	Situational Uncertainty as a Predictor of Source Use and Memory During Evaluative Reading
understanding science	To pair or not to pair? Testing for differences in learning from small group discussions due to group size
user comments	The Language of Likes: A Corpus Study on Linguistic Predictors of Message Acceptance
V
verbal irony	Producing verbal irony reduces the intensity of felt negative emotion Understanding Verbal Irony: A contrastive Analysis of Personal and Informational Common Ground
Verbal protocols	The use of a think aloud procedure to examine reading strategy use in adolescent readers
verbal-thinking	The Impact of Text Genre on Visual and Verbal Thought During Reading
video	Watching Experts Succeed Makes Novices Overconfident, but Watching Failures Increases Caution
video comprehension	Understanding Individual and Media Differences in Kindergarteners’ Video-Based Inference-Making
visual imagery	The Impact of Text Genre on Visual and Verbal Thought During Reading
Visual Text Segmentation	Text Segmentation by Paragraphs and Chapters: a Temporal Sequence Revealing a Textual Rhythm
visual world paradigm	When Adaptation Doesn't Transfer: Visual World Paradigm Limits in Pronoun Processing
vocabulary	The effect of direct, explicit instruction of text-sourced vocabulary words for secondary students with reading difficulties, including MLLs, when delivered by paraprofessionals
vocabulary knowledge	Lexical Ambiguity and Sentence Comprehension in Adult Literacy Learners: The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge
W
worked examples	Metacognitive Judgment Accuracy Under Different Exposures to Worked Examples
Writing Instruction	Defensive Writing in the Age of AI: Writing to Prove Your Humanity
writing instructional practices	Writing in the Digital Age: The Unexplored but Critical Skill Needed by Adults
writing quality	Impacts on Argumentative Writing in a Discussion-and-Debate-Based Deep Reading Program
Y
Young Students	Title: Text-to-Speech as a Digital Reading Affordance: Reducing Mind-Wandering and Improving Processing Efficiency and Comprehension in School-Age Students
younger adolescents	Reconsidering D-ISC Assumptions for Younger Adolescents Through Comprehension Monitoring Research
youth	The Functions of Floating and Empty Signifiers in Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Insights from a Student Digital Video Composition

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