ST&D 2025: 2025 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR TEXT AND DISCOURSE

This page contains an index consisting of author-provided keywords.

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- Deep reading	A multidimensional approach to investigate how knowledge changes when reading
- Media literacy	A multidimensional approach to investigate how knowledge changes when reading
- Prior knowledge	A multidimensional approach to investigate how knowledge changes when reading
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1.Reading comprehension	The Use of DRR-Based Training to Improve Reading Comprehension
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2.SMART Training	The Use of DRR-Based Training to Improve Reading Comprehension
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3.RFT	The Use of DRR-Based Training to Improve Reading Comprehension
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4.Derived Relational Responding	The Use of DRR-Based Training to Improve Reading Comprehension
4E cognition	Dancing Is A Gift For The Body
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5.Secondary School	The Use of DRR-Based Training to Improve Reading Comprehension
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adolescent readers	Can Navigation Help Learning from Internet Texts? A Path-Model Study of Adolescents’ Constructively Responsive Reading in a Digital Space
adult	A Sample of Findings form a Lifelong Career in Adult Literacy
adult literacy	Understanding Current Practices in Reading Comprehension Instruction for Adult Learners: A Multiple Case Study in Adult Basic Education Programs Recognizing Adult Multilingual Reading Strengths: Combining CASAS Scores and Self- Rated Literacy Perceptions Understanding Digital Problem-Solving Strategies by Adults’ Literacy Levels: Applying Hidden Markov Models to Process Data
Advertising	The Pragmatic Power of Culturally Adapted Advertising
affect	The Secret Determinants of Convincingness Intuitions: How Emotional Valence, Emotional Arousal, and Processing Fluency Affect Message Convincingness and Acceptance
age	Internal Complexity and Age Effects in Coherence Relation Processing: Evidence from Eye Movements
AI	Using Large Language Models to Revise Misconceptions about Artificial Intelligence
AI in education	Effects of instruction on prompt generation on secondary school students’ integration and evaluation of socio-scientific controversies
AI literacy	Exploring Students’ (Mis)conceptions About ChatGPT-Generated Text: A Qualitative Study
AI Teammates	AI Teammates and Inclusion Analytics: Revolutionizing Equity in STEM Collaboration
alignment	Asymmetric task roles influence linguistic and gaze alignment during collaboration
American Sign Language	The implications of adults understanding events conveyed in English and American Sign Language as a function language status
arfiticial intelligence	Effects of ChatGPT-instruction on text comprehension, knowledge application, and user experience in struggling students
argument evaluation	Enhancing University Students' Argument Evaluation Skills Through Rational Thinking Training
Argumentation	The Roles of Grade Level and Text Relationships in Arab Students’ Multiple Text Integration The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Among Recent Upper Secondary Graduates: An Eye Tracking Study
Artificial Intelligence	Does the use of Artificial Intelligence to complete an assigned university task, that consists of writing an essay after reading a text, harm the comprehension of the text and the attention paid to source information?
ASD	Attitudes towards complexity of books for shared reading, parental self-efficacy, and family stress: Parents of TD children and those with ASD
assessment	Impact of Linguistic Item Properties on Item Difficulty in Timed Testing of Listening Components Does the association between online credibility evaluation skills and related self-efficacy vary across different grade levels? Developing Narrative Text Assessment Items: Exploring How Narrative Text Features Influence Student Response Choices Validating Deep Cloze Reading Comprehension Test for Finnish Sixth Graders
Attention	Back in the past: Effect of mind wandering on temporal reorganization of situation model in reading comprehension
Audio-assisted reading	Reading, Listening or Reading-While-Listening to Stories: Exploring the Role of ADHD Symptoms and Reading Modality on Text Comprehension
Audiovisual integration	Gaze preference during speech perception in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder	Gaze preference during speech perception in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
B
Background noise	The effect of background speech noise on reading comprehension in Italian: An eye movement study
belief change	Comprehension as a Function of Belief Consistency: Discrimination and Response Bias
beliefs	Comprehension as a Function of Belief Consistency: Discrimination and Response Bias The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Among Recent Upper Secondary Graduates: An Eye Tracking Study
benchmark rating	Human vs. Machine – Comparing the performance of humans and Large Language Models (LLMs) in assessing students’ writing using benchmark ratings
bilingual children	Predicting Reading Comprehension Gains in Bilingual Minority Language and Monolingual Primary School Children
bivariate growth curve model	Effects of grade 1 level and growth of phonological recoding skill on grade 4 reading comprehension are (only) partially mediated through written word recognition skill: Results from a 4-year longitudinal study
C
calibration	Performance vs. Accuracy: The Impact of Text Genre, Question Type and Educational Level on Calibration in Comprehension
Causal models	Reading to learn: Supporting comprehension with a task model prompt
centrality	Effects of text centrality on eye movements during reading: Predictions by distributed semantic models
ChatGPT	Can AI take over my evaluation task? Probably not! Comparing sourcing and corroboration performance of ChatGPT with that of adolescents and young adults Effects of ChatGPT-instruction on text comprehension, knowledge application, and user experience in struggling students Exploring Students’ (Mis)conceptions About ChatGPT-Generated Text: A Qualitative Study
Children	When emotions influence reading: the impact of emotional text content on information retrieval in 9–11-year-old children Enhancing empathy through fiction stories: How task-based reading improves emotional understanding in children The impact of topic interest on how children understand informational texts: An eye-tracking study Children’s ability to understand verbal irony. A systematic review
Children’s conceptions of science	Beyond the Laboratory: Children's Discursive Representations of Scientists and Scientific Explanations in Educational and Science Communication Contexts
Climate science	Communicating Climate Change: How Graphs, Source Credibility, and Trust in Science Influence Engagement With Social Media Posts
code cohesion	Is there a reverse code cohesion effect?
code comprehension	Is there a reverse code cohesion effect?
cognitive biases	The Feature Positive Effect Biases Vaccination Information Processing
Cognitive efficiency	Impact of Linguistic Item Properties on Item Difficulty in Timed Testing of Listening Components
cognitive load	Graphic Organizers for Learning: Effects of Readymade and Self-Generated Formats in the Classroom Breaking down text complexity: Element interactivity affects learning from text and judgments of cognitive load
cognitive processes	Dancing Is A Gift For The Body The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Among Recent Upper Secondary Graduates: An Eye Tracking Study
coherence	Fantasy Journeys: Effects of Perceived Logical Coherence, and Transportation on Relaxation
coherence relations	Internal Complexity and Age Effects in Coherence Relation Processing: Evidence from Eye Movements The effect of connectives on the processing and comprehension of different types of coherence relations: An eye-tracking study with struggling readers
common ground	Presenting and integrating new referents into the common ground in dialogue: the case of escape room players’ interactions.
community	Recognizing Adult Multilingual Reading Strengths: Combining CASAS Scores and Self- Rated Literacy Perceptions
comparison	Using Interleaved Practice to Foster Concept Learning
composition	Measuring Motivation, Cultivating Self-Reflection: Building A Formative Assessment of Writing Motivation
comprehension	Do We Think Differently in a Second Language? Investigating Thought Experiences in L1 and L2 Reading The power of a conspiracy frame in constructing situation models Readers’ judgments of stance in opinion-laden and more neutral tweets Does the use of Artificial Intelligence to complete an assigned university task, that consists of writing an essay after reading a text, harm the comprehension of the text and the attention paid to source information? Perspective Taking with Nonlinear Narratives The implications of adults understanding events conveyed in English and American Sign Language as a function language status Performance vs. Accuracy: The Impact of Text Genre, Question Type and Educational Level on Calibration in Comprehension
Comprehension Monitoring	Dimensions of Working Memory Updating and Their Role for Comprehension Monitoring The Role of Goal Setting in Enhancing Reading Comprehension and Text Reconstruction
Comprehension of text and graphics	Unpacking the Screen Inferiority Effect on Adolescents’ Text Comprehension
comprehension processes	Comprehension processes and outcomes for expository texts and videos: A think-aloud study
comprehension skill	Effects of grade 1 level and growth of phonological recoding skill on grade 4 reading comprehension are (only) partially mediated through written word recognition skill: Results from a 4-year longitudinal study
Computer-based assessment	Text Comprehension Assessment Using Open-Ended Questions That Require a Written Response: Differences Between Paper and Screen
concept learning	Using Interleaved Practice to Foster Concept Learning
confidence	Assessing Differences Between Knowledge and Confidence Across Reasoning Types Students' Reasoning about Scientific Topics of Social Relevance
confidence ratings	Performance vs. Accuracy: The Impact of Text Genre, Question Type and Educational Level on Calibration in Comprehension
confirmation bias	Narrativity and the Congeniality Bias
conflicting explanations	Explanation Evaluation based on Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity
congeniality bias	Narrativity and the Congeniality Bias
connectives	The effect of connectives on the processing and comprehension of different types of coherence relations: An eye-tracking study with struggling readers
conspiracy	The power of a conspiracy frame in constructing situation models
controversies	The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Among Recent Upper Secondary Graduates: An Eye Tracking Study
Conversational memory	Faces and voices in dialogue: How partner-specific cues contribute to conversational memory
coordination	Asymmetric task roles influence linguistic and gaze alignment during collaboration
corrections	How Corrections and Epistemic Explanations Impact the Public’s Trust in Science Journalism
corroboration	Can AI take over my evaluation task? Probably not! Comparing sourcing and corroboration performance of ChatGPT with that of adolescents and young adults Teaching sourcing and corroboration skills to secondary school students: Which individual difference factors predict learning gains?
credibility evaluation	Insights into Online Credibility Evaluation Skills of Primary and Secondary Students, Including Struggling Readers
Critical Thinking	Supporting Elementary School Children’s Source Awareness When Reading and Learning from Online Resources
Cross-linguistic interference	How First Language Grounded Representations Influence Novel Word Processing
Cue-driven retrieval	Faces and voices in dialogue: How partner-specific cues contribute to conversational memory
Cumulative complexity approach	Impact of Linguistic Item Properties on Item Difficulty in Timed Testing of Listening Components
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Dance	Dancing Is A Gift For The Body
decision making	The Interplay of Relational Reasoning and Strategic Processing During Collaborative Problem Solving
decoding	Predicting Reading Comprehension Gains in Bilingual Minority Language and Monolingual Primary School Children
degree of integration	When More is Less: Greater Syntactic Integration Decreases Discourse-Level Prominence of Clauses in Non-Literary Prose and Poetry in Russian
Detection of comprehension difficulties	“Eye” Do Not Understand! Analyzing the Roles of Negation and Reading Comprehension Ability in Comprehension Difficulties with Questionnaire Items Using Eye-Tracking
dialogue	Presenting and integrating new referents into the common ground in dialogue: the case of escape room players’ interactions. Asymmetric task roles influence linguistic and gaze alignment during collaboration Faces and voices in dialogue: How partner-specific cues contribute to conversational memory
digital assessment	Understanding Digital Problem-Solving Strategies by Adults’ Literacy Levels: Applying Hidden Markov Models to Process Data
digital intervention	Improving digital literacy: the impact of an integrated digital intervention for lower secondary school students
digital literacy	Improving digital literacy: the impact of an integrated digital intervention for lower secondary school students
digital reading	Children’s navigation in the development of multiple digital document reading The unvirtuous circle of digital reading: long-term effects of print and digital reading habits in primary school students Factors Predicting Three Cognitive Processes of Digital Reading
digital text processing	Can Navigation Help Learning from Internet Texts? A Path-Model Study of Adolescents’ Constructively Responsive Reading in a Digital Space
Disciplinary literacy	Improving Disciplinary Literacy Through Reading Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review
disciplinary reading	Reading across disciplines and perspectives when processing multiple texts
Discipline specific reading	Reading to learn: Supporting comprehension with a task model prompt
discourse	When More is Less: Greater Syntactic Integration Decreases Discourse-Level Prominence of Clauses in Non-Literary Prose and Poetry in Russian
discourse analysis	The Interplay of Relational Reasoning and Strategic Processing During Collaborative Problem Solving The role of sign formation and sign relations in multimodal discourse analysis
Discourse processing	A multilevel discourse analysis reveals sex-related differences in narrative production in healthy adults
Discursive representation	Beyond the Laboratory: Children's Discursive Representations of Scientists and Scientific Explanations in Educational and Science Communication Contexts
distributed semantic models	Effects of text centrality on eye movements during reading: Predictions by distributed semantic models
diversity	Why interindividual differences matter: mental representations evoked by the German nonbinary gender star in a non-student sample
Document Language	The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Exists in Bilingual Reading Settings
dynamic relations	Modelling the Subskills of Writing in Fourth Graders
dynamical systems	Asymmetric task roles influence linguistic and gaze alignment during collaboration
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Early childhood	Preschooler activities on mobile devices and their association with receptive vocabulary
education	Public Trust in Science: A Systematic Literature Review
Effective teaching strategies	Improving Disciplinary Literacy Through Reading Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review
element interactivity	Breaking down text complexity: Element interactivity affects learning from text and judgments of cognitive load
Elementary Education	Supporting Elementary School Children’s Source Awareness When Reading and Learning from Online Resources
elementary readers	Developing Narrative Text Assessment Items: Exploring How Narrative Text Features Influence Student Response Choices
elementary school	Exploring Mental Effort, Feeling of Disorientation, and Performance in a Children’s Information Search Task: The Role of Medium and Maps
Embodied cognition	How First Language Grounded Representations Influence Novel Word Processing
Emotion	When emotions influence reading: the impact of emotional text content on information retrieval in 9–11-year-old children Video comprehension in online learning: Effects of valenced images and working memory
emotional arousal	The Secret Determinants of Convincingness Intuitions: How Emotional Valence, Emotional Arousal, and Processing Fluency Affect Message Convincingness and Acceptance
emotional language	The Best @#$%&! Story Ever: Extreme Language’s Effects on Textual Memory
emotional response	Emotional intensity affects the interpretation of vague frequency expressions
emotional state	Spatial Information Learning Using Descriptions: The Role of Emotions and Landmark Features
Emotional understanding	Enhancing empathy through fiction stories: How task-based reading improves emotional understanding in children
emotional valence	The Secret Determinants of Convincingness Intuitions: How Emotional Valence, Emotional Arousal, and Processing Fluency Affect Message Convincingness and Acceptance When emotions influence reading: the impact of emotional text content on information retrieval in 9–11-year-old children
Empathy	Enhancing empathy through fiction stories: How task-based reading improves emotional understanding in children
engagement	Subjectivity, trust and engagement: Understanding how subjectivity in the news influences readers’ online behavior
epistemic beliefs	Interpersonal communicative competences and epistemic beliefs in dialogic argumentation and education of preservice teachers Factors Influencing Misinformation Discernment Among Middle-Aged Adults: Insights from a European Survey
epistemic rationality	Enhancing University Students' Argument Evaluation Skills Through Rational Thinking Training
epistemic rights	Recognizing Adult Multilingual Reading Strengths: Combining CASAS Scores and Self- Rated Literacy Perceptions
epistemic trust	How Corrections and Epistemic Explanations Impact the Public’s Trust in Science Journalism
Equity in STEM	AI Teammates and Inclusion Analytics: Revolutionizing Equity in STEM Collaboration
escape room	Presenting and integrating new referents into the common ground in dialogue: the case of escape room players’ interactions.
evaluation	Explanation Evaluation based on Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity
event	The power of a conspiracy frame in constructing situation models
explanation	The power of a conspiracy frame in constructing situation models Explanation Evaluation based on Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity
expository comprehension	Video comprehension in online learning: Effects of valenced images and working memory
Expository Discourse Comprehension	Effects of Filled Pauses on Speakers’ Credibility and Listeners’ Emotions during Spontaneous Expository Discourse Comprehension
expository reading	Do We Think Differently in a Second Language? Investigating Thought Experiences in L1 and L2 Reading
expository text	Comprehension processes and outcomes for expository texts and videos: A think-aloud study
Expository text comprehension	Comprehension as a Function of Belief Consistency: Discrimination and Response Bias
eye movements	When emotions influence reading: the impact of emotional text content on information retrieval in 9–11-year-old children Effects of text centrality on eye movements during reading: Predictions by distributed semantic models
eye tracking	Gaze preference during speech perception in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Interaction of source credibility and readers’ prior beliefs in the reading of social media posts The impact of topic interest on how children understand informational texts: An eye-tracking study How Do We Read Parallel Texts? Insights By Examining Eye Movements The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Among Recent Upper Secondary Graduates: An Eye Tracking Study
eye-movements	Using Eye Movements to Predict Mind-Wandering during Reading: A Meta-Analysis
eye-tracking	“Eye” Do Not Understand! Analyzing the Roles of Negation and Reading Comprehension Ability in Comprehension Difficulties with Questionnaire Items Using Eye-Tracking How background speech noise affects idiom reading: an eye-tracking study Children’s navigation in the development of multiple digital document reading Asymmetric task roles influence linguistic and gaze alignment during collaboration Cross-modal reactivation, integration, and validation processes during reading illustrated texts – an eye-tracking study
Eyemovement	The effect of background speech noise on reading comprehension in Italian: An eye movement study
F
Family stress	Attitudes towards complexity of books for shared reading, parental self-efficacy, and family stress: Parents of TD children and those with ASD
fantasy journey	Fantasy Journeys: Effects of Perceived Logical Coherence, and Transportation on Relaxation
Fantasy narratives	Fantasy-based violations of real-world knowledge: Examining the impact of contextual support
Fiction	Enhancing empathy through fiction stories: How task-based reading improves emotional understanding in children
fictionality	Narrativity and the Congeniality Bias
Filled pauses	Effects of Filled Pauses on Speakers’ Credibility and Listeners’ Emotions during Spontaneous Expository Discourse Comprehension
follow-up learning activity	Can Generative Learning Activities After Reading Enhance Comprehension of Conflicting Multiple Documents?
formative assessment	Measuring Motivation, Cultivating Self-Reflection: Building A Formative Assessment of Writing Motivation
frequency adverbs	Emotional intensity affects the interpretation of vague frequency expressions
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Gaze prefernce	Gaze preference during speech perception in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
gender-fair language	Why interindividual differences matter: mental representations evoked by the German nonbinary gender star in a non-student sample
Generative artificial intelligence	Effects of Generative AI Use on Comprehension and Integration of Multiple Texts
generative learning	Graphic Organizers for Learning: Effects of Readymade and Self-Generated Formats in the Classroom
generative learning activities	Effectiveness of Generating and Answering Questions in Learning from Texts: Examining Question Level and Tutor Perspective
global inferences	Validating Deep Cloze Reading Comprehension Test for Finnish Sixth Graders
goal inference	The power of a conspiracy frame in constructing situation models
Goal Setting	The Role of Goal Setting in Enhancing Reading Comprehension and Text Reconstruction
graphic organizers	Graphic Organizers for Learning: Effects of Readymade and Self-Generated Formats in the Classroom
Graphs	Communicating Climate Change: How Graphs, Source Credibility, and Trust in Science Influence Engagement With Social Media Posts
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hierarchical relations	Modelling the Subskills of Writing in Fourth Graders
high school	The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Among Recent Upper Secondary Graduates: An Eye Tracking Study
Higher education	More texts, more doubts? Monitoring accuracy in multiple document comprehension
hyperbole	The Best @#$%&! Story Ever: Extreme Language’s Effects on Textual Memory
hypertext	Exploring Mental Effort, Feeling of Disorientation, and Performance in a Children’s Information Search Task: The Role of Medium and Maps
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idiomatic expressions	How background speech noise affects idiom reading: an eye-tracking study
Illustrated Text	Cross-modal reactivation, integration, and validation processes during reading illustrated texts – an eye-tracking study
Inclusion Analytics	AI Teammates and Inclusion Analytics: Revolutionizing Equity in STEM Collaboration
inconsistencies	Fantasy Journeys: Effects of Perceived Logical Coherence, and Transportation on Relaxation
Individual differences	The impact of topic interest on how children understand informational texts: An eye-tracking study Teaching sourcing and corroboration skills to secondary school students: Which individual difference factors predict learning gains?
inductive learning	Using Interleaved Practice to Foster Concept Learning
Information Belief	One Construct or Many? The Role of Trust in Science/Scientists on Belief in Information
information discernment	Factors Influencing Misinformation Discernment Among Middle-Aged Adults: Insights from a European Survey
information literacy	Information literacy interventions in secondary and tertiary education: A systematic review
information search task	Exploring Mental Effort, Feeling of Disorientation, and Performance in a Children’s Information Search Task: The Role of Medium and Maps
Inquiry Learning	Supporting Source Evaluation During Scientific Inquiry Learning in the Classroom
Instruction	Understanding Current Practices in Reading Comprehension Instruction for Adult Learners: A Multiple Case Study in Adult Basic Education Programs Effects of ChatGPT-instruction on text comprehension, knowledge application, and user experience in struggling students
instructive texts	Human vs. Machine – Comparing the performance of humans and Large Language Models (LLMs) in assessing students’ writing using benchmark ratings
integration and evaluation	Effects of instruction on prompt generation on secondary school students’ integration and evaluation of socio-scientific controversies
intentions	Readers’ judgments of stance in opinion-laden and more neutral tweets
Intercultural communication	The Pragmatic Power of Culturally Adapted Advertising
interindividual differences	Why interindividual differences matter: mental representations evoked by the German nonbinary gender star in a non-student sample
interleaved practice	Using Interleaved Practice to Foster Concept Learning
internal complexity	Internal Complexity and Age Effects in Coherence Relation Processing: Evidence from Eye Movements
Interpersonal communicative competences	Interpersonal communicative competences and epistemic beliefs in dialogic argumentation and education of preservice teachers
intertext model	Can Generative Learning Activities After Reading Enhance Comprehension of Conflicting Multiple Documents?
intertextual integration	Improving digital literacy: the impact of an integrated digital intervention for lower secondary school students
intervention	Information literacy interventions in secondary and tertiary education: A systematic review Teaching Critical Evaluation of Online Information Sources Across the Curriculum: An Intervention Program for Middle School Teachers
Item Response Theory	Rethinking reading comprehension tasks through the lens of Item Response Theory
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joint attention	Asymmetric task roles influence linguistic and gaze alignment during collaboration
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knowledge	Students' Reasoning about Scientific Topics of Social Relevance
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Landmark fatures	Spatial Information Learning Using Descriptions: The Role of Emotions and Landmark Features
language and literacy skills	The association between print and digital reading habits with language and literacy skills
language processing	The Feature Positive Effect Biases Vaccination Information Processing
Large language models	Exploring Students’ (Mis)conceptions About ChatGPT-Generated Text: A Qualitative Study
Large Language Models (LLM)	Human vs. Machine – Comparing the performance of humans and Large Language Models (LLMs) in assessing students’ writing using benchmark ratings
Lexical and Grammatical Aspect	Non-Prototypical Expressions for Time: The Semantics of Unbounded Imperfective Grammatical Aspect with Bounded Accomplishment Lexical Aspect
Lexical recognition	Faces and voices in dialogue: How partner-specific cues contribute to conversational memory
Linguistic skills	What is reading fluency/efficiency for college students?
Listeners’ Emotions	Effects of Filled Pauses on Speakers’ Credibility and Listeners’ Emotions during Spontaneous Expository Discourse Comprehension
Listening comprehension	Impact of Linguistic Item Properties on Item Difficulty in Timed Testing of Listening Components
Listening text comprehension	Quality of screen media use in the household and listening text comprehension in Italian preschoolers
literacy	A Sample of Findings form a Lifelong Career in Adult Literacy
LLMs	Can AI take over my evaluation task? Probably not! Comparing sourcing and corroboration performance of ChatGPT with that of adolescents and young adults
Local coherence	Impact of Linguistic Item Properties on Item Difficulty in Timed Testing of Listening Components
longitudinal	The unvirtuous circle of digital reading: long-term effects of print and digital reading habits in primary school students
lower secondary school	Improving digital literacy: the impact of an integrated digital intervention for lower secondary school students
Lower-secondary school students	Unpacking the Screen Inferiority Effect on Adolescents’ Text Comprehension
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Marketing Linguistics	The Pragmatic Power of Culturally Adapted Advertising
measurement development	ROSCO: A New Measure for Readers’ Orientation toward Standards of Coherence
memory	Fantasy-based violations of real-world knowledge: Examining the impact of contextual support Desire vs. reality: Non-normative influences of reader preferences on comprehension and memory
Mental Models	The representation of color in sentence comprehension
mental representations	Why interindividual differences matter: mental representations evoked by the German nonbinary gender star in a non-student sample
Mental simulation	Back in the past: Effect of mind wandering on temporal reorganization of situation model in reading comprehension
mental state language	Paratext matters! Effects of paratextual information on readers’ perception of stories, their story experiences, and their spontaneous use of mental state words for story summaries
message acceptance	The Secret Determinants of Convincingness Intuitions: How Emotional Valence, Emotional Arousal, and Processing Fluency Affect Message Convincingness and Acceptance
meta-analysis	Using Eye Movements to Predict Mind-Wandering during Reading: A Meta-Analysis Do Stories Foster Social Understanding Towards People with Mental Illness? A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies
metacognition	Can Navigation Help Learning from Internet Texts? A Path-Model Study of Adolescents’ Constructively Responsive Reading in a Digital Space Factors Predicting Three Cognitive Processes of Digital Reading
Metacomprehension	More texts, more doubts? Monitoring accuracy in multiple document comprehension Do rubrics enhance metacognitive accuracy in writing from multiple texts? Unpacking the Screen Inferiority Effect on Adolescents’ Text Comprehension
metadiscourse	Interpersonal communicative competences and epistemic beliefs in dialogic argumentation and education of preservice teachers
middle school students	Learning to read for a purpose: Effects of a teacher-led intervention on Sixth graders' strategies and comprehension
middle-aged adults	Factors Influencing Misinformation Discernment Among Middle-Aged Adults: Insights from a European Survey
mind wandering	Multitasking reading habits, mind wandering and misconception change: a study with Spanish and Chilean students Back in the past: Effect of mind wandering on temporal reorganization of situation model in reading comprehension Mind wandering and presentation format in online text and video comprehension
mind-wandering	Using Eye Movements to Predict Mind-Wandering during Reading: A Meta-Analysis
miscommunication	Readers’ judgments of stance in opinion-laden and more neutral tweets
misconceptions	Using Large Language Models to Revise Misconceptions about Artificial Intelligence
misinformation	Factors Influencing Misinformation Discernment Among Middle-Aged Adults: Insights from a European Survey
mixed-methods	Flying the Plane as We Build It: How Middle School Teachers Understand their Pedagogical Practices
Modality effect	Text Comprehension Assessment Using Open-Ended Questions That Require a Written Response: Differences Between Paper and Screen
motivated reasoning	Students' Reasoning about Scientific Topics of Social Relevance
motivation	Measuring Motivation, Cultivating Self-Reflection: Building A Formative Assessment of Writing Motivation The unvirtuous circle of digital reading: long-term effects of print and digital reading habits in primary school students
multilingualism	Recognizing Adult Multilingual Reading Strengths: Combining CASAS Scores and Self- Rated Literacy Perceptions
multimedia comprehension	Video comprehension in online learning: Effects of valenced images and working memory
multimedia learning	Mind wandering and presentation format in online text and video comprehension
multimodal discourse analysis	The role of sign formation and sign relations in multimodal discourse analysis
multimodality	The role of sign formation and sign relations in multimodal discourse analysis
multiple document comprehension	More texts, more doubts? Monitoring accuracy in multiple document comprehension Do rubrics enhance metacognitive accuracy in writing from multiple texts? Can Generative Learning Activities After Reading Enhance Comprehension of Conflicting Multiple Documents?
multiple document reading	Children’s navigation in the development of multiple digital document reading
Multiple Documents	The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Exists in Bilingual Reading Settings
Multiple text comprehension	Effects of Generative AI Use on Comprehension and Integration of Multiple Texts
Multiple text integration	Effects of Generative AI Use on Comprehension and Integration of Multiple Texts The Roles of Grade Level and Text Relationships in Arab Students’ Multiple Text Integration
Multiple-choice items	Rethinking reading comprehension tasks through the lens of Item Response Theory
multiple-text reading	Reading across disciplines and perspectives when processing multiple texts
Multitasking reading habits	Multitasking reading habits, mind wandering and misconception change: a study with Spanish and Chilean students
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narrative	Perspective Taking with Nonlinear Narratives Do Stories Foster Social Understanding Towards People with Mental Illness? A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies Paratext matters! Effects of paratextual information on readers’ perception of stories, their story experiences, and their spontaneous use of mental state words for story summaries
narrative comprehension	Desire vs. reality: Non-normative influences of reader preferences on comprehension and memory
narrative text	Developing Narrative Text Assessment Items: Exploring How Narrative Text Features Influence Student Response Choices
narrative texts	Human vs. Machine – Comparing the performance of humans and Large Language Models (LLMs) in assessing students’ writing using benchmark ratings
Narrativity	Narrativity and the Congeniality Bias Do Stories Foster Social Understanding Towards People with Mental Illness? A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies
Negated questionnaire items	“Eye” Do Not Understand! Analyzing the Roles of Negation and Reading Comprehension Ability in Comprehension Difficulties with Questionnaire Items Using Eye-Tracking
news media	Subjectivity, trust and engagement: Understanding how subjectivity in the news influences readers’ online behavior
noise	How background speech noise affects idiom reading: an eye-tracking study
Non-native language readers	What is reading fluency/efficiency for college students?
O
online credibility evaluation	Does the association between online credibility evaluation skills and related self-efficacy vary across different grade levels?
online evaluation	Insights into Online Credibility Evaluation Skills of Primary and Secondary Students, Including Struggling Readers
online information evaluation skills	Can AI take over my evaluation task? Probably not! Comparing sourcing and corroboration performance of ChatGPT with that of adolescents and young adults
online learning	Video comprehension in online learning: Effects of valenced images and working memory
online navigation	Can Navigation Help Learning from Internet Texts? A Path-Model Study of Adolescents’ Constructively Responsive Reading in a Digital Space
online search	Information literacy interventions in secondary and tertiary education: A systematic review
Oral discourse analysis	A multilevel discourse analysis reveals sex-related differences in narrative production in healthy adults
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paging vs. scrolling	The Influence of Presentation Format on Reading Comprehension and Eye Movements in Young Readers
parallel text	How Do We Read Parallel Texts? Insights By Examining Eye Movements
paratext	Paratext matters! Effects of paratextual information on readers’ perception of stories, their story experiences, and their spontaneous use of mental state words for story summaries
parenting self-efficacy	Attitudes towards complexity of books for shared reading, parental self-efficacy, and family stress: Parents of TD children and those with ASD
Path descriptions	Spatial Information Learning Using Descriptions: The Role of Emotions and Landmark Features
perceived convincingness	The Secret Determinants of Convincingness Intuitions: How Emotional Valence, Emotional Arousal, and Processing Fluency Affect Message Convincingness and Acceptance
Perceptual Simulations	The representation of color in sentence comprehension
perspective taking	Speech Acts, Discourse Goals, and the Real-Time Processing of Perspective in Spoken Language Perspective Taking with Nonlinear Narratives
perspective-taking	Reading across disciplines and perspectives when processing multiple texts
phonological recoding	Effects of grade 1 level and growth of phonological recoding skill on grade 4 reading comprehension are (only) partially mediated through written word recognition skill: Results from a 4-year longitudinal study
PIAAC	Understanding Digital Problem-Solving Strategies by Adults’ Literacy Levels: Applying Hidden Markov Models to Process Data
Pictures	Cross-modal reactivation, integration, and validation processes during reading illustrated texts – an eye-tracking study
players interaction	Presenting and integrating new referents into the common ground in dialogue: the case of escape room players’ interactions.
Post-secondary	What is reading fluency/efficiency for college students?
postdictive judgments	Performance vs. Accuracy: The Impact of Text Genre, Question Type and Educational Level on Calibration in Comprehension
Pragmatic Causal Inferencing	Non-Prototypical Expressions for Time: The Semantics of Unbounded Imperfective Grammatical Aspect with Bounded Accomplishment Lexical Aspect
Pragmatics	The Pragmatic Power of Culturally Adapted Advertising
preferences	Desire vs. reality: Non-normative influences of reader preferences on comprehension and memory
Preschoolers	Quality of screen media use in the household and listening text comprehension in Italian preschoolers
primary education	Insights into Online Credibility Evaluation Skills of Primary and Secondary Students, Including Struggling Readers
primary school	Human vs. Machine – Comparing the performance of humans and Large Language Models (LLMs) in assessing students’ writing using benchmark ratings
print and digital exposure	The association between print and digital reading habits with language and literacy skills
print vs. digital	The association between print and digital reading habits with language and literacy skills
Prior Beliefs	The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Exists in Bilingual Reading Settings
process data	Understanding Digital Problem-Solving Strategies by Adults’ Literacy Levels: Applying Hidden Markov Models to Process Data
processing	Internal Complexity and Age Effects in Coherence Relation Processing: Evidence from Eye Movements
processing fluency	The Secret Determinants of Convincingness Intuitions: How Emotional Valence, Emotional Arousal, and Processing Fluency Affect Message Convincingness and Acceptance
prominence	When More is Less: Greater Syntactic Integration Decreases Discourse-Level Prominence of Clauses in Non-Literary Prose and Poetry in Russian
Prompt generation	Effects of instruction on prompt generation on secondary school students’ integration and evaluation of socio-scientific controversies
psycholinguistics	Why interindividual differences matter: mental representations evoked by the German nonbinary gender star in a non-student sample
psychological wellbeing	Dancing Is A Gift For The Body
public trust in science	Public Trust in Science: A Systematic Literature Review
purposeful reading	Learning to read for a purpose: Effects of a teacher-led intervention on Sixth graders' strategies and comprehension
Q
quantitative	Recognizing Adult Multilingual Reading Strengths: Combining CASAS Scores and Self- Rated Literacy Perceptions
queer linguistics	Why interindividual differences matter: mental representations evoked by the German nonbinary gender star in a non-student sample
Question answering	When emotions influence reading: the impact of emotional text content on information retrieval in 9–11-year-old children
question generation	Effectiveness of Generating and Answering Questions in Learning from Texts: Examining Question Level and Tutor Perspective
question type	Performance vs. Accuracy: The Impact of Text Genre, Question Type and Educational Level on Calibration in Comprehension
R
reading	Effects of Generative AI Use on Comprehension and Integration of Multiple Texts When emotions influence reading: the impact of emotional text content on information retrieval in 9–11-year-old children Using Eye Movements to Predict Mind-Wandering during Reading: A Meta-Analysis Perspective Taking with Nonlinear Narratives Desire vs. reality: Non-normative influences of reader preferences on comprehension and memory A Sample of Findings form a Lifelong Career in Adult Literacy
reading comprehension	Text Comprehension Assessment Using Open-Ended Questions That Require a Written Response: Differences Between Paper and Screen The effect of background speech noise on reading comprehension in Italian: An eye movement study ROSCO: A New Measure for Readers’ Orientation toward Standards of Coherence Back in the past: Effect of mind wandering on temporal reorganization of situation model in reading comprehension The unvirtuous circle of digital reading: long-term effects of print and digital reading habits in primary school students Understanding Current Practices in Reading Comprehension Instruction for Adult Learners: A Multiple Case Study in Adult Basic Education Programs Recognizing Adult Multilingual Reading Strengths: Combining CASAS Scores and Self- Rated Literacy Perceptions The Influence of Presentation Format on Reading Comprehension and Eye Movements in Young Readers The impact of topic interest on how children understand informational texts: An eye-tracking study How Do We Read Parallel Texts? Insights By Examining Eye Movements Dimensions of Working Memory Updating and Their Role for Comprehension Monitoring Developing Narrative Text Assessment Items: Exploring How Narrative Text Features Influence Student Response Choices Validating Deep Cloze Reading Comprehension Test for Finnish Sixth Graders The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Exists in Bilingual Reading Settings Reading, Listening or Reading-While-Listening to Stories: Exploring the Role of ADHD Symptoms and Reading Modality on Text Comprehension The Role of Goal Setting in Enhancing Reading Comprehension and Text Reconstruction Non-Prototypical Expressions for Time: The Semantics of Unbounded Imperfective Grammatical Aspect with Bounded Accomplishment Lexical Aspect Predicting Reading Comprehension Gains in Bilingual Minority Language and Monolingual Primary School Children The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Among Recent Upper Secondary Graduates: An Eye Tracking Study
Reading comprehension ability	“Eye” Do Not Understand! Analyzing the Roles of Negation and Reading Comprehension Ability in Comprehension Difficulties with Questionnaire Items Using Eye-Tracking
Reading Comprehension Assessment	Rethinking reading comprehension tasks through the lens of Item Response Theory
Reading comprehension interventions	How can I improve text comprehension? Reading comprehension interventions in poor comprehenders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
reading difficulties	Insights into Online Credibility Evaluation Skills of Primary and Secondary Students, Including Struggling Readers
reading experience	Paratext matters! Effects of paratextual information on readers’ perception of stories, their story experiences, and their spontaneous use of mental state words for story summaries
reading habits	The association between print and digital reading habits with language and literacy skills
Reading interventions	Improving Disciplinary Literacy Through Reading Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review
Reading medium	Unpacking the Screen Inferiority Effect on Adolescents’ Text Comprehension
reading process	How background speech noise affects idiom reading: an eye-tracking study
reading strategies	Can Navigation Help Learning from Internet Texts? A Path-Model Study of Adolescents’ Constructively Responsive Reading in a Digital Space Factors Predicting Three Cognitive Processes of Digital Reading
reading-while-listening	Reading, Listening or Reading-While-Listening to Stories: Exploring the Role of ADHD Symptoms and Reading Modality on Text Comprehension
reasoning	Factors Influencing Misinformation Discernment Among Middle-Aged Adults: Insights from a European Survey
Receptive vocabulary	Preschooler activities on mobile devices and their association with receptive vocabulary
reference markers	Presenting and integrating new referents into the common ground in dialogue: the case of escape room players’ interactions.
referential interpretation	Speech Acts, Discourse Goals, and the Real-Time Processing of Perspective in Spoken Language
registered report	The Feature Positive Effect Biases Vaccination Information Processing
relational reasoning	The Interplay of Relational Reasoning and Strategic Processing During Collaborative Problem Solving
relaxation	Fantasy Journeys: Effects of Perceived Logical Coherence, and Transportation on Relaxation
reverse cohesion effect	Is there a reverse code cohesion effect?
revision	Using Large Language Models to Revise Misconceptions about Artificial Intelligence
RI-Val Model	Cross-modal reactivation, integration, and validation processes during reading illustrated texts – an eye-tracking study
Russian	When More is Less: Greater Syntactic Integration Decreases Discourse-Level Prominence of Clauses in Non-Literary Prose and Poetry in Russian
S
SBR	Attitudes towards complexity of books for shared reading, parental self-efficacy, and family stress: Parents of TD children and those with ASD
Scaffolding	Supporting Source Evaluation During Scientific Inquiry Learning in the Classroom
science	Is It Worth It?: Comparing the Effects and Perceived Value of Self-Explanation, Think-Aloud, and Rereading Strategies
Science communication	Beyond the Laboratory: Children's Discursive Representations of Scientists and Scientific Explanations in Educational and Science Communication Contexts One Construct or Many? The Role of Trust in Science/Scientists on Belief in Information Communicating Climate Change: How Graphs, Source Credibility, and Trust in Science Influence Engagement With Social Media Posts Public Trust in Science: A Systematic Literature Review
science journalism	How Corrections and Epistemic Explanations Impact the Public’s Trust in Science Journalism
science knowledge	Assessing Differences Between Knowledge and Confidence Across Reasoning Types
science learning	Students' Reasoning about Scientific Topics of Social Relevance
Scientific discourse	Beyond the Laboratory: Children's Discursive Representations of Scientists and Scientific Explanations in Educational and Science Communication Contexts
scientific literacy	Enhancing University Students' Argument Evaluation Skills Through Rational Thinking Training
scientific reasoning	Assessing Differences Between Knowledge and Confidence Across Reasoning Types
Screen media	Preschooler activities on mobile devices and their association with receptive vocabulary
Screen media use	Quality of screen media use in the household and listening text comprehension in Italian preschoolers
Second Language	The implications of adults understanding events conveyed in English and American Sign Language as a function language status
Second language acquisition	How First Language Grounded Representations Influence Novel Word Processing
secondary analysis	Teaching sourcing and corroboration skills to secondary school students: Which individual difference factors predict learning gains?
secondary education	Information literacy interventions in secondary and tertiary education: A systematic review Insights into Online Credibility Evaluation Skills of Primary and Secondary Students, Including Struggling Readers
selective exposure	Narrativity and the Congeniality Bias
self-efficacy	Does the association between online credibility evaluation skills and related self-efficacy vary across different grade levels?
self-explanation	Is It Worth It?: Comparing the Effects and Perceived Value of Self-Explanation, Think-Aloud, and Rereading Strategies
self-regulation	Do rubrics enhance metacognitive accuracy in writing from multiple texts? Is It Worth It?: Comparing the Effects and Perceived Value of Self-Explanation, Think-Aloud, and Rereading Strategies
Semantic Truth Value Judgments	Non-Prototypical Expressions for Time: The Semantics of Unbounded Imperfective Grammatical Aspect with Bounded Accomplishment Lexical Aspect
semiotics	The role of sign formation and sign relations in multimodal discourse analysis
sequential testing	The Feature Positive Effect Biases Vaccination Information Processing
Sex-differences in discourse production	A multilevel discourse analysis reveals sex-related differences in narrative production in healthy adults
sign	The role of sign formation and sign relations in multimodal discourse analysis
signifier	The role of sign formation and sign relations in multimodal discourse analysis
simplicity	Explanation Evaluation based on Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity
simplified text	How Do We Read Parallel Texts? Insights By Examining Eye Movements
situation model	The power of a conspiracy frame in constructing situation models Back in the past: Effect of mind wandering on temporal reorganization of situation model in reading comprehension Can Generative Learning Activities After Reading Enhance Comprehension of Conflicting Multiple Documents? Validating Deep Cloze Reading Comprehension Test for Finnish Sixth Graders
social media	Readers’ judgments of stance in opinion-laden and more neutral tweets Subjectivity, trust and engagement: Understanding how subjectivity in the news influences readers’ online behavior Interaction of source credibility and readers’ prior beliefs in the reading of social media posts
Social Understanding	Do Stories Foster Social Understanding Towards People with Mental Illness? A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies
Source Credibility	Communicating Climate Change: How Graphs, Source Credibility, and Trust in Science Influence Engagement With Social Media Posts Interaction of source credibility and readers’ prior beliefs in the reading of social media posts
Source Evaluation	Teaching Critical Evaluation of Online Information Sources Across the Curriculum: An Intervention Program for Middle School Teachers Supporting Elementary School Children’s Source Awareness When Reading and Learning from Online Resources
source expertise	Explanation Evaluation based on Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity
sourcing	Can AI take over my evaluation task? Probably not! Comparing sourcing and corroboration performance of ChatGPT with that of adolescents and young adults Supporting Source Evaluation During Scientific Inquiry Learning in the Classroom Does the use of Artificial Intelligence to complete an assigned university task, that consists of writing an essay after reading a text, harm the comprehension of the text and the attention paid to source information? Interaction of source credibility and readers’ prior beliefs in the reading of social media posts Insights into Online Credibility Evaluation Skills of Primary and Secondary Students, Including Struggling Readers Teaching sourcing and corroboration skills to secondary school students: Which individual difference factors predict learning gains?
sourcing skills	Improving digital literacy: the impact of an integrated digital intervention for lower secondary school students
spatial recall	Spatial Information Learning Using Descriptions: The Role of Emotions and Landmark Features
Speakers’ Credibility	Effects of Filled Pauses on Speakers’ Credibility and Listeners’ Emotions during Spontaneous Expository Discourse Comprehension
Specific reading comprehension disorders	How can I improve text comprehension? Reading comprehension interventions in poor comprehenders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Speech comprehension	Gaze preference during speech perception in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Spelling	Text Comprehension Assessment Using Open-Ended Questions That Require a Written Response: Differences Between Paper and Screen
spoken dialogue	Speech Acts, Discourse Goals, and the Real-Time Processing of Perspective in Spoken Language
stance	Readers’ judgments of stance in opinion-laden and more neutral tweets
Standardized Test	The Relationship Between Standardized Tests and Text-Based Assessment of Writing Subskills
standards of coherence	ROSCO: A New Measure for Readers’ Orientation toward Standards of Coherence
STEM Collaboration	AI Teammates and Inclusion Analytics: Revolutionizing Equity in STEM Collaboration
strategic processing	The Interplay of Relational Reasoning and Strategic Processing During Collaborative Problem Solving
strategies	Is It Worth It?: Comparing the Effects and Perceived Value of Self-Explanation, Think-Aloud, and Rereading Strategies
struggling readers	The effect of connectives on the processing and comprehension of different types of coherence relations: An eye-tracking study with struggling readers
Student conceptions	Exploring Students’ (Mis)conceptions About ChatGPT-Generated Text: A Qualitative Study
student-centered teaching	Flying the Plane as We Build It: How Middle School Teachers Understand their Pedagogical Practices
subjectivity	Subjectivity, trust and engagement: Understanding how subjectivity in the news influences readers’ online behavior
subskills of writing	Modelling the Subskills of Writing in Fourth Graders
syntactic subordination	When More is Less: Greater Syntactic Integration Decreases Discourse-Level Prominence of Clauses in Non-Literary Prose and Poetry in Russian
Systematic review and meta-analysis	How can I improve text comprehension? Reading comprehension interventions in poor comprehenders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
T
tablet	Exploring Mental Effort, Feeling of Disorientation, and Performance in a Children’s Information Search Task: The Role of Medium and Maps
taboo words	The Best @#$%&! Story Ever: Extreme Language’s Effects on Textual Memory
task model	Learning to read for a purpose: Effects of a teacher-led intervention on Sixth graders' strategies and comprehension
Task models	Reading to learn: Supporting comprehension with a task model prompt
Task-based reading	Enhancing empathy through fiction stories: How task-based reading improves emotional understanding in children
task-unrelated-thought	Do We Think Differently in a Second Language? Investigating Thought Experiences in L1 and L2 Reading
teacher beliefs	Flying the Plane as We Build It: How Middle School Teachers Understand their Pedagogical Practices
teacher practices	Flying the Plane as We Build It: How Middle School Teachers Understand their Pedagogical Practices
teacher-led intervention	Learning to read for a purpose: Effects of a teacher-led intervention on Sixth graders' strategies and comprehension
Teachers' professional development	Teaching Critical Evaluation of Online Information Sources Across the Curriculum: An Intervention Program for Middle School Teachers
Team Dynamics	AI Teammates and Inclusion Analytics: Revolutionizing Equity in STEM Collaboration
teamwork	The Interplay of Relational Reasoning and Strategic Processing During Collaborative Problem Solving
tertiary education	Information literacy interventions in secondary and tertiary education: A systematic review
testing effect	Effectiveness of Generating and Answering Questions in Learning from Texts: Examining Question Level and Tutor Perspective
text cohesion	Is there a reverse code cohesion effect?
text complexity	Breaking down text complexity: Element interactivity affects learning from text and judgments of cognitive load
text comprehension	Multitasking reading habits, mind wandering and misconception change: a study with Spanish and Chilean students When emotions influence reading: the impact of emotional text content on information retrieval in 9–11-year-old children The effect of connectives on the processing and comprehension of different types of coherence relations: An eye-tracking study with struggling readers Desire vs. reality: Non-normative influences of reader preferences on comprehension and memory Effects of ChatGPT-instruction on text comprehension, knowledge application, and user experience in struggling students The representation of color in sentence comprehension Mind wandering and presentation format in online text and video comprehension
text features	Developing Narrative Text Assessment Items: Exploring How Narrative Text Features Influence Student Response Choices
text genre	Performance vs. Accuracy: The Impact of Text Genre, Question Type and Educational Level on Calibration in Comprehension
text processing	What is reading fluency/efficiency for college students? The effect of connectives on the processing and comprehension of different types of coherence relations: An eye-tracking study with struggling readers The Influence of Presentation Format on Reading Comprehension and Eye Movements in Young Readers
Text productivity	Investigating how working memory is directly and indirectly (via transcription skills) related to written composition among second-graders
Text quality	The Relationship Between Standardized Tests and Text-Based Assessment of Writing Subskills Modelling the Subskills of Writing in Fourth Graders Investigating how working memory is directly and indirectly (via transcription skills) related to written composition among second-graders
text rating	Human vs. Machine – Comparing the performance of humans and Large Language Models (LLMs) in assessing students’ writing using benchmark ratings
Text relationships	The Roles of Grade Level and Text Relationships in Arab Students’ Multiple Text Integration
Text-Based Assessment	The Relationship Between Standardized Tests and Text-Based Assessment of Writing Subskills
Thematic analysis	Exploring Students’ (Mis)conceptions About ChatGPT-Generated Text: A Qualitative Study
think-aloud	Comprehension processes and outcomes for expository texts and videos: A think-aloud study
Timed Testing	Impact of Linguistic Item Properties on Item Difficulty in Timed Testing of Listening Components
Topic interest	The impact of topic interest on how children understand informational texts: An eye-tracking study
training intervention	Teaching sourcing and corroboration skills to secondary school students: Which individual difference factors predict learning gains? Enhancing University Students' Argument Evaluation Skills Through Rational Thinking Training
Transcription	Investigating how working memory is directly and indirectly (via transcription skills) related to written composition among second-graders
transparent language	Predicting Reading Comprehension Gains in Bilingual Minority Language and Monolingual Primary School Children
transportation	Fantasy Journeys: Effects of Perceived Logical Coherence, and Transportation on Relaxation
Trust in Science	One Construct or Many? The Role of Trust in Science/Scientists on Belief in Information
Trust in Scientists	One Construct or Many? The Role of Trust in Science/Scientists on Belief in Information
trustworthiness	How Corrections and Epistemic Explanations Impact the Public’s Trust in Science Journalism Subjectivity, trust and engagement: Understanding how subjectivity in the news influences readers’ online behavior
tutor learning	Effectiveness of Generating and Answering Questions in Learning from Texts: Examining Question Level and Tutor Perspective
U
Understanding	Children’s ability to understand verbal irony. A systematic review
university	The Text-Belief Consistency Effect Among Recent Upper Secondary Graduates: An Eye Tracking Study
Updating	Dimensions of Working Memory Updating and Their Role for Comprehension Monitoring
Updating process	Back in the past: Effect of mind wandering on temporal reorganization of situation model in reading comprehension
user experience	Effects of ChatGPT-instruction on text comprehension, knowledge application, and user experience in struggling students
V
vaccination communication	The Feature Positive Effect Biases Vaccination Information Processing
vague expressions	Emotional intensity affects the interpretation of vague frequency expressions
validation	Fantasy-based violations of real-world knowledge: Examining the impact of contextual support Interaction of source credibility and readers’ prior beliefs in the reading of social media posts
Verbal irony	Children’s ability to understand verbal irony. A systematic review
verbal-thinking	Do We Think Differently in a Second Language? Investigating Thought Experiences in L1 and L2 Reading
video	Comprehension processes and outcomes for expository texts and videos: A think-aloud study
video comprehension	Mind wandering and presentation format in online text and video comprehension
visual imagery	Do We Think Differently in a Second Language? Investigating Thought Experiences in L1 and L2 Reading
W
Word learning	How First Language Grounded Representations Influence Novel Word Processing
word recognition	Effects of grade 1 level and growth of phonological recoding skill on grade 4 reading comprehension are (only) partially mediated through written word recognition skill: Results from a 4-year longitudinal study
word-picture-matching	Why interindividual differences matter: mental representations evoked by the German nonbinary gender star in a non-student sample
working memory	How background speech noise affects idiom reading: an eye-tracking study Investigating how working memory is directly and indirectly (via transcription skills) related to written composition among second-graders Dimensions of Working Memory Updating and Their Role for Comprehension Monitoring Video comprehension in online learning: Effects of valenced images and working memory
Writing	Measuring Motivation, Cultivating Self-Reflection: Building A Formative Assessment of Writing Motivation Does the use of Artificial Intelligence to complete an assigned university task, that consists of writing an essay after reading a text, harm the comprehension of the text and the attention paid to source information?
writing from sources	Do rubrics enhance metacognitive accuracy in writing from multiple texts?
Written composition	Investigating how working memory is directly and indirectly (via transcription skills) related to written composition among second-graders
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•Knowledge construction	Using linguistic processes to measure generalization competence
•Primary Education	Using linguistic processes to measure generalization competence
•Reading comprehension	Using linguistic processes to measure generalization competence
•Text comprehension	Using linguistic processes to measure generalization competence

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