ABSTRACT. Mixed use has been significant in contemporary urban planning and design research. Since Jane Jacobs advocated the diversity of urban blocks in The Death and Life of Great American Cities in 1961, mixed use has acted as an indispensable principle in many urban development ideas, such as "compact city" in Europe, "machizukuri" in Japan, "urban renaissance" in Britain and "smart growth" in the United States. As is widely recognized by the academic community, the reasonable layout of mixed use is not only the best response to people’s various activities and diverse needs, but also helps to enhance the use value of land, alleviate traffic congestion and then promote urban sustainable development. A review of relevant studies at home and abroad shows that the existing research on urban mixed use mainly focuses on the empirical summary of mixed use at different scale levels of cities, the introduction of mathematical models of mixed land use or its relationship with some other urban performance. However, there is still a lack of reliable methods and graphical representation to directly measure the mixed-use degree and cognize the distribution pattern of it under the overall urban spatial structure in China. This, to a large extent, hinders the cognition of the basic rules of urban operation, thus affecting the contribution of urban design and architectural creation oriented by mixed-use development practice. Based on this, the study selects the "Block Unit" suitable for China's hierarchical urban spatial organization as the research scale to comprehend the distribution characteristics of mixed-use degree in the old city area of Nanjing. In terms of methods, the paper discusses the measure and the ternary diagram description of the Mixed-use Index, which is calculated by the floor-space proportion of living, working and visiting based on POI data, and then obtains a more intuitive visual map of mixed use through GIS platform. Different from most studies that discuss the relationship between mixed use and certain aspects of urban performance, this study focuses on how to intuitively and effectively quantify and express the degree of mixed use itself as the basis of urban planning and morphology research. Meanwhile, compared with simplifying it into one single index, it provides a relatively direct and comprehensive way to identify the dominant function and the mixed-use degree of a block, and the changing trend of functions between blocks. The preliminary conclusion is that there is a certain correlation between the mixed-use characteristics and the spatial location of the blocks in the old city area of Nanjing. In general, the central area has the lowest mixed-use degree, with dual-function areas dominated by working and visiting, while the mixed-use degree of the outer edge is a little higher than that of the central area, most of which are moderately mixed blocks and the proportion of living is generally high. It is worth mentioning that the highest degree of mixed use is found between the central area and the outer edge. In addition, the main axis of urban spatial development and the layout of important public service facilities will also be the factors that affect the mixed-use degree of local blocks. The mapping results of mixed-use degree of blocks obtained in the study are in high agreement with the empirical cognition and field investigation of the old city in Nanjing. Hence, the study, to some extent, can bring a new idea for future research on the distribution of urban mixed-use degree in China, and provide important data support and theoretical reference for the urban stock planning and the intensive development of urban functional space.

ABSTRACT. According to the estimation of the Industrial Land Planning System of The National Spatial Plan (2018), under the premise of "full utilization of industrial land developed before 2012", 3,311 hectares must still be allocated for industrial development by 2036. However, the current situation of industrial land is facing issues such as imbalance of regional supply and demand, low utilization, and lack of renewal and integration of old industrial areas. In order to address the shortage of industrial land, in addition to planning to increase industrial land, it is necessary to review the current unused and idle industrial land, and discuss appropriate activation strategies to improve utilization efficiency. This study takes industrial zone in urban plan area as the research object, and based on sustainable development goals (SDGs) as the development goals, the redevelopment strategies of industrial areas are formulated into four options: " Continue to be used for industrial development.", "Used as restricted industrial district.", "Used as residential land.", and "Used as land for public facilities." First, classify the different industrial zones in the urban planning area according to the "location conditions" and "industrial clustering degree". The evaluation criteria are based on the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to draw up three dimensions: production, life, and ecology, with a total of nine indicators. Through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) experts' investigation method and PROMETHEE method, analyze the pros and cons of the redevelopment strategies of different types of industrial zones. Then select a few different industrial zones for case analysis. The results of the study found that experts and scholars suggest that urban planning industrial areas should prioritize the strategy of " Used as restricted industrial district." when redevelopment, and generally believe that " Used as residential land." is the worst strategy. For industrial zones with good industrial clusters, it is recommended that the land be maintained for industrial activities, while for those with poor industrial clusters, " Used as land for public facilities." is the second best strategy. And different departments hold different views on the redevelopment strategy of industrial areas.

ABSTRACT. Japan is facing increasingly serious challenges in rural areas, such as an aging and declining population. Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) has suggested that one of the solutions to the problem of declining attachment to local communities due to the frequent turnover of residents is to improve place attachment. In Hanyu City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, there are concerns that the population is declining and aging. The housing and urban environment are deteriorating, the city's economy is shrinking due to declining consumption, and it will be difficult to support each other in the community. As that promoting Local NPO Agricultural Organization has become one solution to support community and connection with visitors. As previous research says, to create a regional city, not only residents but also visitors, especially students, are considered to be important actors who make up the region. Therefore, this study examines the influence played on students by one Npo farming organization which call Udokuseikou (UDSK) in Hanyu city, Saitama Prefecture, following the Environmental landscaping self-study class. UDSK advocate "living with agriculture" in the suburbs of the city, and aim to contribute to the realization of a low-carbon society and sustainable recycling-oriented society, regional revitalization, and improvement of the food self-sufficiency rate. We Evaluated based on a questionnaire-based survey and in-depth interviews with 23 students, and place attachment feeling changing before and after the class. The findings suggest that students' attitudes, interests, motivations, and the number of times they attend events in the field help strengthen their connection to place. And UDSK served as an important place to de-stress, share experiences, and gain community support. The case study has also demonstrated that UDSK has provided benefits in setting up social ties and strengthening a sense of place attachment in Japan's rapidly aging population environment. The governance structure of the Local NPO Agricultural Organization should be shifted with the help of planning system refinement to increase the visitors' place attachment and increase the promising possibility of the Organization becoming new dawn for the public realm.

ABSTRACT. After the Industrial Revolution, human beings began to gather around urban areas at a rapid pace. The trend of leaving the countryside to move to the city made rural areas lose their vitality and economic competitiveness. In addition, urban sprawl, and the reckless development of the peri-urban area exacerbated problems in rural areas. Korea experienced the fastest growth among the other OECD countries. As the country became highly urbanized, the number of people residing in rural regions decreased drastically. In 2018, based on the OECD's regional definition based on access to cities, only 11% of Korean people live in rural areas. Recently, new planning principles in rural areas have emerged in conjunction with globalization, post-productivism, and demanding rural tourism. The attractiveness of rural areas and multifunctional values have become more important in contemporary society. This study explored the meaning of new ruralism and traced the emergence of new ruralism for rural planning principle. In addition, the study identified the contents of the future vision of rural areas to be achieved through new ruralism. The study reviewed focuses on the discourse about new ruralism in academic research papers. The study retrieved literature by searching on Google Scholar using the four keywords ‘new rurality’, ‘neo rurality’, ‘new ruralism’, and ‘neo ruralism’. The search yielded 128 documents which were thereafter screened for relevance to this study’s topic and purpose. After sifting, only 44 publications were found suitable for inclusion in the final analysis. 44 literatures were conducted analysis by year, continent, country, keyword, subject. Four features of new ruralism were found through contents analysis. Feature I is Conservation, Feature II is Cultivation, Feature III is Sustainable development and Finally, Feature IV presents the rural planning principle of a creative space with new technological innovation while allowing new ruralism to enjoy urban convenience (Service delivery) in a rural environment. In the end, the study discussed some implications on application new ruralism to Korea as new spatial planning principle.

ABSTRACT. In recent years, the effects of climate change due to global warming have become more pronounced, resulting in a number of large-scale natural disasters. According to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published in 2014, the components of disaster risk due to climate change are external disaster forces, exposure, and vulnerability, and it is necessary to reduce current vulnerability and exposure to climate change in order to adapt to future climate change. Vulnerability is the ability to cope with disasters. Vulnerability is defined as the elderly and the disabled who are less able to cope with disasters, while exposure is defined as buildings, population and infrastructure located in flood-prone areas (hereafter referred to as flood-prone areas). The vulnerability of the elderly population is increasing in Japan due to the declining birthrate and aging population. In other words, as disasters become more severe and vulnerability increases, it becomes more important to secure hospital functions in the event of a disaster. In light of the above, this study aims to clarify the requirements for the disaster base hospitals, which are required to serve as medical centers in the event of a disaster, and to identify the current risk of flood inundation. First, from the requirements for designation as a base hospital for disaster reduction, we will investigate the disaster countermeasures at the designation stage and their potential impact on disaster risk. Next, we will examine the extent to which disaster base hospitals are located in flood zones across the country by using overlapping hazard maps. Finally, Chiba Prefecture, which has the largest number of designated core disaster hospitals in Japan, will be used to clarify the current flood risk by comparing the flooding duration and medical areas in addition to the flooding depth. In addition to the depth of inundation, a survey was conducted on 755 disaster base hospitals nationwide to determine their location in the expected flooding area. The results of the survey were summarized as follows: in the organization of the requirements for designation, it was found that the disasters assumed for disaster base hospitals were mainly earthquakes, and that the requirements for designation did not include measures against flooding, and that the revisions made after the Great East Japan Earthquake and torrential rains did not specify measures against flooding. A survey of disaster base hospitals management across Japan revealed that about 30% of disaster base hospitals nationwide are located in flood zones, with significant differences in risk among prefectures, and a case study in Chiba Prefecture revealed the need to refer to multiple data sources in order to determine flood risk in a manner similar to the current situation. In the case study of Chiba Prefecture, it became clear that it is necessary to refer to multiple data sources in order to determine inundation risk in a way that is close to the current situation. It was also found that even in proactive designations due to frequent disasters, disaster risks were not taken into consideration at the designation stage, and priority was given to securing quantitative, not qualitative, disaster risks. However, in the future, it will be necessary to consider other disaster risks such as tsunami and landslides, including flooding. As a solution for hospitals located in flooded areas, some prefectures require all hospitals to be located in flooded areas, so instead of re-selecting locations, it is more realistic for each hospital to take measures against flooding, such as raising the size of the hospital and formulating a BCP that assumes flooding damage.

ABSTRACT. Chinese cities are building rail transit systems as a strategy to reduce the negative environmental and social consequences of rapid urbanization over the past decade. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has become an accepted development strategy for integrating land use planning and public transit. And it has been identified as one solution to improve accessibility by strengthening the relationship between transportation and urban development.

Hefei city is the capital city of the Anhui Province of China. It has experienced significant urban growth since 2010 and facing severe problems due to the rapid growth of the population and urban expansion. In 2017 Hefei government initiated the construction of the subway system and introduced the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) concept as a guideline to reduce the transport pressure and environmental pollution. There were 3 subway lines with 77 operational subway stations in 2020. Hefei City is also planning to build 12 additional metro lines, 4 intra-metropolitan rail transit, and 3 tram lines by 2030. However, the TOD concept is not well implemented in many stations, and there is an imbalance between accessibility and activity intensity around stations. When implementing the TOD concept, many cities pay less attention to land-use development. The current subway planning of Hefei city is also facing the same problem. This situation would disintegrate the land use and transportation system and create an imbalance between them. Therefore, a systematic method to measure the accessibility and activity intensity of each station is important to evaluate the balanced development.

The objective of this study was to identify the current situation of activity intensity and accessibility of the 62 urban subway station areas and then to figure out their future development directions. Firstly, the research assessed the current situations of activity intensity and accessibility of the 62 station areas by using the node-place model. Then, compared the result of the node-place model with the Hefei City Master Plan to obtain the future development directions of the 62 station areas.

The recent Master Plan of Hefei established a 500 meters walkable neighborhood for residents. Therefore, the station catchment area was defined as a buffer area of 500 meters from a station. This research improved Bertolini’s node-place model to analyze the environment and the functional conditions of the existing stations. The node value of a station describes the transport accessibility to other places and the service capacity of stations within the metro network. And the place value describes the activity intensity in the 500-meter neighborhood of each station. Data for the indicators of node value was collected from the website of Metro Operational Map and Hefei Bus Guide App. The bus lines and stops data were obtained from the Hefei Bus Guide App. The subway line data were obtained from the website of Metro Operational Map. Data for the indicators of place value was collected from the OpenStreetMap website and Google Earth. Land use data came from the 2017 Land Use GIS database on the OpenStreetMap website.

The result of the node-place model for Hefei City illustrates the relative position of 62 existing station areas according to node and place values. The results show node value and the place value in most station areas are not close enough to each other, indicating that the development of accessibility and land use of these stations are unbalanced. This research compared the results of the node-place model with the Hefei Master Plan and identified development directions of 62 TODs.

ABSTRACT. With the increasing of urban suburban sprawl and traffic congestion, more and more cities are committed to building compact walkable city. The "walkable city" has become a concern of many fields including Economics, Environmental Science, Epidemiology, Urban Planning and Transportation Planning, how to create a walkable city is becoming a major issue for city sustainability. Accessibility of facilities and safety of walking environment are regarded as the two most important conditions convincing people to walk. Walk Score is an international web-based walkability measurement tool, many studies have confirmed its effectiveness in assessing the accessibility of nearby facilities. However, there are few studies on safety of walking environment, which is the second most important condition of walkable city, meanwhile, there is no study exploring the relationship between Walk Score and pedestrian traffic safety. The purpose of this research is to estimating Walk Score of each residential addresses in Kumamoto city and explore the relationship between Walk Score and safety factors of neighborhood physical environment with data of pedestrian traffic accident and city crime. Based on Urban Network Analysis in GIS, with modifying Walk Score methodology by focusing on the diversity of facility and fitting Gaussian distribution in python platform to get distance decay function, Walk Score of all the 215309 residential addresses in Kumamoto city were calculated. After that, Pairwise Pearson correlations between Walk Score and the number of pedestrian traffic accident and city crimes were carried out to find out the association between Walk Score and safety factors of neighborhood physical environment. The research results show that as a whole, Kumamoto city has reached a certain level of walkability (Average score is 63.16), especially Central District and East District have reached a very walkable level (Average score are 83.73 and 72.38 respectively). On the other hand, the possibility of pedestrian traffic accident and city crime in places with higher Walk Score were also higher, with the correlation coefficients reached 0.613 and 0.558 respectively at the level of the entire Kumamoto city. By modifying the Walk Score methodology to measure the walkability level of all residential addresses in Kumamoto city, we found that up to half residential addresses of Kumamoto city have very good accessibility to nearby facilities, especially in Central District and East District. But at the same time, the possibility of safety accidents in most areas with high Walk Scores also increases correspondingly, which reveals the use of Walk Score to measure walkability has some limitations and warns us that it is very important to improve safety of walkable environment while increasing the accessibility of facilities.

ABSTRACT. 1.Underground  In the context of population decline and aging, urban sprawl leads to problems such as low-density suburbanization, high dependence on automobile transportation, infrastructure with low coverage and accessibility, and waste of land resources, and urban density and population density are two important factors that are closely related to it. Now there is a mismatch between population density and urban density, which can lead to unsustainable urban development. Therefore, new planning directions such as "Compact City", "Urban Intensification" and "Transit Oriented Development" have emerged. The Location Normalization Plan is related to the compact city planning. In this plan, the residence attraction areas are put forward to prevent low-density suburbanization and maintain population density. From the perspective of "The Location Normalization Plan", residence attraction areas are assessed and monitored by population density. However, the facility density and population density has been considered separately, and the current population density is calculated through Cohort, which doesn’t take into account the impact of urban density. Therefore, balancing urban density and population density to achieve sustainable community development is the research purposes.

2.Research area  Kumamoto City is located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It accounts for 5.3% of the total area of the Kumamoto prefecture and is home to about 740,000 citizens, accounting for 42.7% of the prefecture's population. In April 2012, Kumamoto City became the third designated cities by the government decree of Kyushu. In Kyushu, it is the third most populous city after Fukuoka and Kitakyushu. According to the current trend, the population will be maintained at about 700,000 in the next 20 years, but in the long run, it will be reduced to 642,000 in 2050. Therefore, it is necessary to plan for a more efficient and high-quality life even if the population is greatly reduced. Therefore, “The Location Optimization Plan of Kumamoto City” is put forward, the residence attraction areas mentioned in this plan are taken as the object. The residential attraction areas in Kumamoto, Japan which are mainly composed of the urban function guidance area, the public transportation service area, the area along the public transport axis are taken as the research object.

3. Method  In terms of facility convenience, the data of convenience stores, welfare facilities, medical facilities, park facilities, traffic facillity, shopping service facility are selected as the facility indexes to measure urban density. Then the mesh of 500m population mesh data as the unit, the facility density of each mesh is calculated by ArcGIS. ① Each facility data is spatially matched with the population mesh. ② Facility density is calculated by Kriging method.  ③ The total results are extracted into the population mesh by Summary Statistics method. Then from perspective of population density, the population density prediction model determined by facility density is built by Random Forest regression. The facility density is taken as the independent variable, and the population density is taken as the dependent variable. And data is divided into test data and training data by Random Forest regression to build the training model. After the training model being well built up, the estimated population data by Cohort of 2030 is imported into the model to obtain the population density prediction results determined by the facility density.

4.Preliminary results   The facility convenience of residential attraction areas is evaluated from the two aspects of facility density and facility importance. In perspective of facility importance, it shows that medical and welfare facilities are important means to guide population to settle down, and convenience stores are the least important. About facility convenience, there is a large gap in the urban function guidance areas, with the best Central area being 6.23 and the lowest Hokubu area, Tomiai area, Kawajiri area being less than 1.00, and about half of the areas not reaching the average level.Then in terms of density control of residence attraction areas, the urban function guidance area is predicted as 72.98 people per hectare, the public transportation service area is predicted as 56.24 people per hectare, and the area along the public transport axis is predicted as 49.10 people per hectare.

ABSTRACT. Ecosystem services are the functions and benefits that directly or indirectly provide necessary goods and services by nature to maintaining human well-being. Ecosystem services are distinguished by four categories: provisioning services, regulating services, cultural services, and supporting services. Ecosystem services can or cannot be experienced directly by users. For example, people can perceive cultural services directly. However, only some of the provisioning and regulating services can be directly perceived by users. Therefore, we need to know both perceived and unperceived benefits to measure total ecosystem services value of economic and non-economic perspectives. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the perceived ecosystem service by the general public with the case study of Jeju Island in South Korea. First, the study analysed the perceived ecosystem service of one hundred ecological assets in Jeju island through Public Participation Assessment(PPA) using a mobile phone survey. Next, the study found perceived ecosystem service value by ecological asset types. Among the 100 ecological assets in Jeju island, there are 35 Oreums (Volcanic cone), followed by 13 coastal areas and beaches, ten gotjawals (Woodland on lava terrain), ten Geosites, seven rivers, six forest trails and five waterfalls. Besides, there are ecological parks, wetlands, historical heritage, and spring water. As a result, the study found that the general public's perceived benefits of ecosystem services differed according to the attributes of the demography group. The ecosystem service was rated higher by visitors than residents, women rather than men, or older people, and the more time they spent vacation or living in rural areas. In perceived ecosystem service, the water environment was evaluated highly for the provisioning services, and the forests and woods were highly evaluated for the regulating services. Cultural services were generally perceived as a higher value than other services by people. Types have been highly valued were waterfalls, forest trails, Gotjawal woods and river sceneries in order. Generally, the public groups evaluated ecosystem services differently from the activist groups, but both groups showed a relatively consistent evaluation of cultural services. Cultural services are difficult to evaluate by biophysical analysis, so a social survey is necessary. The study found that a mobile phone-based survey can be a useful method to grasp widespread people's perception of cultural services.

ABSTRACT. This article aims to analyse the development context and identify institutional challenges of urban governance towards smart city in Ho Chi Minh City. The institutional analysis method was mainly applied to analyse qualitative data which was collected from various sources such as (1) relevant literature, (2) legal regulations, (3) public policies, and (4) in-depth interview with public authorities and experts. As a result, the articles determined five main challenges including (1) process of urban plan making and implementation, (2) stakeholders coordination, (3) process of decision-making, (4) integrated database for urban governance, and (5) integration of financial plans into urban planning proposals.

ABSTRACT. Amirabad Port Special Economic Zone is the first third generation port of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the largest port on the Caspian Sea. This port, with its proper transportation infrastructure and equipment, will play a decisive role in the prosperity of the "North-South" international transport corridor as the gateway of this corridor for Iran and the Asian continent. This research is an applied research that uses library documents and resources and field surveillance to explain the role of Amirabad Port Special Economic Zone in the prosperity of the North-South International Transport Corridor. With the expansion of globalization and the removal of borders in the digital age and of course the high volume of interactions between the two continents of Asia and Europe and the cost-effectiveness of the North-South international transport corridor compared to other existing routes in terms of financial and time, the importance of the region The economic special of Amirabad port is becoming more visible. Expanding the amount of communications (via the Persian Gulf and access to open waters) and adding other countries to this corridor, and of course expanding the dimensions of communications in addition to transit discussions, can bring many changes to the countries of Asia and Europe.

ABSTRACT. Land use allocation is the most important tool for the implementation of urban planning. The population is allocated to areas with these factors through accessibility and employment opportunities. The Lowry model (1964) uses employment opportunities and spatial resistance to construct accessibility indicators as the basis for calculating the allocation probability. The result of the allocation is in line with the effect of agglomeration economy, but this demand-side land use allocation model makes the result unreasonable under the influence of supply-side factors such as climate change. This article uses the Lowry model as the basis to add resilience criteria as the tool for land use allocation in Taoyuan City, Taiwan. Resilience is the function of accessibility and vulnerability. The twelve vulnerability indicators are combined into the comprehensive vulnerability index. The accessibility indicator is composed of travel time and employment opportunities between thirteen districts, and the resilience indicator is composed of vulnerability and accessibility. Different from the result of original Lowry model, the allocation probability of districts with location advantages, such as Taoyuan District and Zhongli District, is only 5% and 6%. Districts with location disadvantages, such as Xinwu District and Pingzhen District, have the allocation probability of 15 % and 10%, which is in line with the principle of resilience index allocation.

ABSTRACT. The severe impact of COVID-19 has surpassed epidemiology and resulted in a global economic recession. Taiwan, as a country located in East Asia, maintained positive growth in GDP during the pandemic. The significant breakthrough in export value of science parks has become a representative resilient economy during the pandemic. The research attempted to incorporate the experiences of Taiwan and descriptive statistics analysis to clarify the positive correlation between innovation and economic resilience. Other than the input of static research and development, interactions between knowledge producers and transmitters in a regional innovation systems significantly contributed to the performance of Taiwan's economy. The study analyzed the evolution and transformation of the two most representative regional innovation systems in Taiwan, namely Hsinchu Science Park and Southern Taiwan Science Park. The study discovered a comparatively dynamic interaction of local knowledge, which resulted in a better resilience in the pandemic compared to Southern Taiwan Science Park, in Hsinchu Science Park. Besides, the research proposed that the reorganization of global production networks and digital transformations in the post-pandemic world would enhance the importance of local knowledge interactions. Local clusters, which had fewer knowledge interactions with global production networks, will have the ability to engage new technologies to connect to the global production networks in the future. Overall, knowledge interactions of regional innovation systems became more dynamic and diverse in the post-pandemic world, and geographic agglomeration turned more important.