ISBPAC2022: 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BILINGUAL AND L2 PROCESSING IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN

This page contains an index consisting of author-provided keywords.

(
(pro)nominal reference	Does pro-drop in heritage Greek, Russian and Turkish decline?
A
ab initio language learners	The role of speech modifications in ab inito learners’ initial speech segmentation
accented speech	Anomalous vowel substitutions in second-language words trigger perceptual (un)learning
Acceptability	Cross-linguistic influence in acceptability: possessive structures in Norwegian-Italian bilingual children
Achievement Strategy
adult L2 learning
adult language learners
affective processing	Electrophysiological correlates of taboo word processing in bilingualism
age of acquisition
aging	Bilingual life experiences and neurocognition in middle-aged and older populations The Effect of Grammar Instruction on Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults
Agreement	Processing of Agreement and Reflexives in Non-Native Sentence Comprehension
Agreement Attraction
ambiguity resolution	The processing of lexical ambiguity by bilingual children
anxiety
Aphasia	Eye-tracking measures of prediction in L1 and L2 in bilingual people with and without aphasia
Aptitude	Aptitude and memory
Arabic
articulatory training	Transfer of L2 speech sound production training to perception: Insights from the discrimination task and the MMN
Artificial language learning	Exploring the effect of linguistic similarity in third language acquisition
Assessment tools
attention	Does proficiency modulate attention to a talker's mouth? An extended replication of Birulés et al. (2020)
attentional control	The relationship of individual differences in bilingual experience and cognitive control
attrition	Processing and interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in L1 Spanish-L2 English attriters SOUNDING FOREIGN IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN SPEAKERS IN ITALY
audio-visual speech	Does proficiency modulate attention to a talker's mouth? An extended replication of Birulés et al. (2020)
auditory attention
Avoidance strategy
B
Background noise
Backwards Transfer
basic colour terms	Colour Perception in Bilinguals is Momentarily modulated by Active Language
Beliefs	Belief maintenance in the face of counterevidence: The role of the foreign language effect
Bi/Multilingualism
Bilingual
bilingual acquisition	Production of rhetorical questions by heritage speakers of Italian
Bilingual adults	Eye-tracking measures of prediction in L1 and L2 in bilingual people with and without aphasia
bilingual advantage	Is there a bilingual advantage in the production of phonotactically complex L3 words? An alternative approach to measuring cognitive control: investigating the bilingual advantage by testing low-level processes
bilingual cognition	Numeral classifiers and object perception by Chinese-Japanese bilinguals and monolinguals
bilingual development	Inhibitory control or social skills? Exploring two accounts for young multilinguals’ perspective-taking advantage in referential communication
bilingual language comprehension
bilingual language control	Bilingual language control in connected speech
bilingual mental lexicon	(Morpho)syntactic modulation of the cognate facilitation effect mediated by task
bilingual processing	The processing of lexical ambiguity by bilingual children
bilingual representational sharing
bilingual Stroop task	Negation processing in Chinese English bilinguals: Insights from the Stroop paradigm
bilingualism	Belief maintenance in the face of counterevidence: The role of the foreign language effect The relationship of individual differences in bilingual experience and cognitive control Differential sensitivity to L2 morphological violations in spoken versus written comprehension in L1 Mandarin learners of English The power of language: How the codes we use to think, speak, and live transform our minds Understanding the nature of bilingualism: Multimodal approaches reveal dynamic effects of bilingualism for language and cognition Dynamics of language experience and how it affects language and cognitive control The many faces of multilingualism in development and learning Type of bilingualism conditions individual differences in the oscillatory dynamics of inhibitory control Bilingual life experiences and neurocognition in middle-aged and older populations The effect of language switching training over PM performance The Effects of Dual-Language Phonological Competition on Memory Individual difference factors in sequential bilingual acquisition Better Memory for Complete Events in Russian: An Effect of Obligatory Aspect Marking The Relative Cost of Codeswitching – The Price of Language vs Lexical Switching The role of proficiency in voluntary and mandatory language switching Colour Perception in Bilinguals is Momentarily modulated by Active Language Electrophysiological correlates of taboo word processing in bilingualism The Representation of Grammatical Gender in Welsh-English Adult Bilinguals Bilingualism/Multilingualism does not affect production of time reference in L1: Evidence from Norwegian academics Beyond cis-gender identities - new perspectives on gender stereotyping An alternative approach to measuring cognitive control: investigating the bilingual advantage by testing low-level processes Bilateral processing advantage in younger and older monolinguals and bilinguals Bilingual language switching: ERP and time-frequency EEG processes SOUNDING FOREIGN IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN SPEAKERS IN ITALY Language entropy relates to behavioral and pupil indices of executive control in young adult bilinguals Syntactic representations in Polish-English bilingual children: Evidence from priming Non-canonical sentence processing in advanced L2 learners: No cognate facilitation, but evidence of revision effects Taking the Milk out of the Cow: A cross-linguistic study of lexical production accuracy and innovation in child and adult heritage speakers Who likes bananas?! How second language learners of German produce rhetorical questions Impact of mask wearing on bilingual semantic processing: A priming study Cultural Immersion and Experience Shape Emotion Perception in Bilinguals
Bilinguals	Cross-linguistic influence in acceptability: possessive structures in Norwegian-Italian bilingual children Cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in mirrored properties
Billingualism	Cumulative priming effects across development in monolingual and bilingual children
Brain oscillations	Type of bilingualism conditions individual differences in the oscillatory dynamics of inhibitory control
C
case
categorisation	Numeral classifiers and object perception by Chinese-Japanese bilinguals and monolinguals
categorization	Colour Perception in Bilinguals is Momentarily modulated by Active Language
category fluency
child grammar development	Syntactic representations in Polish-English bilingual children: Evidence from priming
Child literacy development
child processing
Child second language acquisition	Individual difference factors in sequential bilingual acquisition
children	Cumulative priming effects across development in monolingual and bilingual children Sigue the leader? Children’s use of code-switching during interactive picture descriptions with a code-switching partner
Chinese	Crosslinguistic differences in pronoun resolution: Evidence from Croatian and Chinese
CLI	Cross-linguistic influence in acceptability: possessive structures in Norwegian-Italian bilingual children Cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in mirrored properties
clitics	Individual variation in heritage language morphosyntactic processing: Clitic placement in Bosnian in Norway
Co-activation	The Effects of Dual-Language Phonological Competition on Memory
code-switching	Continuity and stability in emergent bilinguals’ language development and code-switching practices spanning school entry
Code-switching cost
Codeswitching	The Relative Cost of Codeswitching – The Price of Language vs Lexical Switching
cognate facilitation effects	(Morpho)syntactic modulation of the cognate facilitation effect mediated by task
cognates	Non-canonical sentence processing in advanced L2 learners: No cognate facilitation, but evidence of revision effects ‘That is where the shoe pinches’ – cognates in context and in translation
cognitive control	An alternative approach to measuring cognitive control: investigating the bilingual advantage by testing low-level processes Linguistic and cognitive predictors of reanalysis in low-intermediate L2 learners
cognitive functioning	The Effect of Grammar Instruction on Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults
cognitive impairment	Language learning to boost episodic memory in older adults with and without cognitive impairment
cognitive intervention	Language learning to boost episodic memory in older adults with and without cognitive impairment
cognitive linguistics
Cognitive load	Bilinguals’ referential choice under time pressure
cognitive reserve	Bilingual life experiences and neurocognition in middle-aged and older populations
color terms	The many shades of blue in Russian-German bilinguals: Conceptual distinctions in the acquisition and processing of color words in early and late bilinguals
colour perception	Colour Perception in Bilinguals is Momentarily modulated by Active Language
communication	Inhibitory control or social skills? Exploring two accounts for young multilinguals’ perspective-taking advantage in referential communication
Communicative competence
Communicative Strategy
comprehension
comprehension and production
conceptual representation	Negation processing in Chinese English bilinguals: Insights from the Stroop paradigm
consonant cluster	Is there a bilingual advantage in the production of phonotactically complex L3 words?
corpus	Does pro-drop in heritage Greek, Russian and Turkish decline?
corpus callosum	Bilateral processing advantage in younger and older monolinguals and bilinguals
corpus linguistics	‘That is where the shoe pinches’ – cognates in context and in translation
corrective feedback
Croatian	Crosslinguistic differences in pronoun resolution: Evidence from Croatian and Chinese
cross linguistic influence
Cross-linguistic	International adoptees’ recognition of emotions in nonsense speech in the adopted language and in the birth language
cross-linguistic influence	Taking the Milk out of the Cow: A cross-linguistic study of lexical production accuracy and innovation in child and adult heritage speakers Cross-linguistic influence in Ln processing: Gender agreement in Norwegian possessives How native-like do conference interpreters sound in L2? A phonetic analysis of retour interpretations into English in the European Parliament
cross-linguistic priming	Syntactic representations in Polish-English bilingual children: Evidence from priming
cross-linguistic similarity
cross-linguistic syntactic priming
Crosslinguistic influence	Exploring the effect of linguistic similarity in third language acquisition
crosslinguistic influences	THE EFFECT OF INTER AND INTRA-LANGUAGE VARIATIONS ON L2 PREDICTIVE GENDER PROCESSING
Cued language switching	The electrophysiology of voluntary and cued language switching: evidence from event related potentials and neuronal oscillations
Cultural Exposure	Cultural Immersion and Experience Shape Emotion Perception in Bilinguals
Cultural Immersion	Cultural Immersion and Experience Shape Emotion Perception in Bilinguals
cumulative priming effects	Cumulative priming effects across development in monolingual and bilingual children
D
Dependency formation	Dependency formation in native and non-native sentence processing
development	Cumulative priming effects across development in monolingual and bilingual children
dialects
directionality	Disfluencies and directionality in simultaneous interpreting. A corpus study comparing L1-L2 and L2-L1 interpretations from the European Parliament
discourse cues	Predictive L2 sentence processing in noise: Differential effects across linguistic cues
disfluencies	Disfluencies and directionality in simultaneous interpreting. A corpus study comparing L1-L2 and L2-L1 interpretations from the European Parliament
Dual task	Bilinguals’ referential choice under time pressure
E
Early Bilingual Acquisition	Are the heritage and dominant languages of early bilinguals less complex and less fluent than that of monolinguals? A comparison of linguistic abilities of pre-adolescent Polish Heritage Speakers and monolingual controls.
early bilingualism	The Role of Language Experience in Predictive Processing: The Case of Early Turkish-Dutch Bilingual Adults
Early childhood	Continuity and stability in emergent bilinguals’ language development and code-switching practices spanning school entry
EEG	The relationship of individual differences in bilingual experience and cognitive control Bilingual life experiences and neurocognition in middle-aged and older populations The role of working memory resources during language processing: data from ERPs and oscillations The Relative Cost of Codeswitching – The Price of Language vs Lexical Switching Bilingual language switching: ERP and time-frequency EEG processes
EFL	How native-like do conference interpreters sound in L2? A phonetic analysis of retour interpretations into English in the European Parliament
Electrophysiology	The electrophysiology of voluntary and cued language switching: evidence from event related potentials and neuronal oscillations
Elicitation	Cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in mirrored properties
elicited production	Production of rhetorical questions by heritage speakers of Italian
Emergent bilinguals	Continuity and stability in emergent bilinguals’ language development and code-switching practices spanning school entry
Emotion	Cultural Immersion and Experience Shape Emotion Perception in Bilinguals
Emotion perception	Cultural Immersion and Experience Shape Emotion Perception in Bilinguals
English	‘That is where the shoe pinches’ – cognates in context and in translation
English preposition
episodic memory	Bilingual life experiences and neurocognition in middle-aged and older populations The Effects of Dual-Language Phonological Competition on Memory Language learning to boost episodic memory in older adults with and without cognitive impairment
ERP
error-based learning
European Parliament	How native-like do conference interpreters sound in L2? A phonetic analysis of retour interpretations into English in the European Parliament Disfluencies and directionality in simultaneous interpreting. A corpus study comparing L1-L2 and L2-L1 interpretations from the European Parliament
event cognition	Better Memory for Complete Events in Russian: An Effect of Obligatory Aspect Marking
event-related potentials	Electrophysiological correlates of taboo word processing in bilingualism
event-related potentials (ERPs)	Examining Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study.
executive control	Bilingual life experiences and neurocognition in middle-aged and older populations Language entropy relates to behavioral and pupil indices of executive control in young adult bilinguals
executive function
explicit learning	Cognitive abilities underlying the early stages of L2 acquisition: An artificial language study
Eye tracking	Predictive L2 sentence processing in noise: Differential effects across linguistic cues Eye-tracking measures of prediction in L1 and L2 in bilingual people with and without aphasia
Eye-tracking	Does proficiency modulate attention to a talker's mouth? An extended replication of Birulés et al. (2020) Cross-language semantic and orthographic parafoveal processing in bilingual readers Facilitative use of grammatical gender by Heritage Speakers of Polish: Evidence for access to abstract syntactic features in real-time processing
F
F0 peak	F0 in Spanish L1 and L2 word segmentation
Family language policy
Feedback	Do bilinguals generalize greater referential specificity in response to feedback?
fMRI
foreign accent	SOUNDING FOREIGN IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN SPEAKERS IN ITALY
Foreign language
Foreign Language Effect	Belief maintenance in the face of counterevidence: The role of the foreign language effect
foreign language writing enjoyment
formality	Does pro-drop in heritage Greek, Russian and Turkish decline?
French
French-Norwegian bilingualism
French-Portuguese bilingual children
G
Gaze-Contingent Moving Window Paradigm
gender congruency effect
gender identity	Beyond cis-gender identities - new perspectives on gender stereotyping
gender stereotyping	Beyond cis-gender identities - new perspectives on gender stereotyping
gender transparency
general academic vocabulary
German	Does word order impact the use of verb argument information in L1 and L2 semantic prediction? ‘That is where the shoe pinches’ – cognates in context and in translation
Glaswasians
Glaswegian English
grammar	Cognitive abilities underlying the early stages of L2 acquisition: An artificial language study
grammatical gender	Gender and Number Agreement in Italian as a Heritage Language: A Self-Paced Reading Study The Representation of Grammatical Gender in Welsh-English Adult Bilinguals Facilitative use of grammatical gender by Heritage Speakers of Polish: Evidence for access to abstract syntactic features in real-time processing
grammatical processing	Examining Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study.
Grammatical sensitivity	Differential sensitivity to L2 morphological violations in spoken versus written comprehension in L1 Mandarin learners of English
Greek	The processing of lexical ambiguity by bilingual children
H
Hebrew
Heritage children	Production and processing of non-canonical structures in Mandarin-English heritage children
heritage Greek	Does pro-drop in heritage Greek, Russian and Turkish decline?
heritage language	Individual variation in heritage language morphosyntactic processing: Clitic placement in Bosnian in Norway The many shades of blue in Russian-German bilinguals: Conceptual distinctions in the acquisition and processing of color words in early and late bilinguals Are the heritage and dominant languages of early bilinguals less complex and less fluent than that of monolinguals? A comparison of linguistic abilities of pre-adolescent Polish Heritage Speakers and monolingual controls.
heritage languages
heritage russian	Does pro-drop in heritage Greek, Russian and Turkish decline? Taking the Milk out of the Cow: A cross-linguistic study of lexical production accuracy and innovation in child and adult heritage speakers
heritage speaker	Facilitative use of grammatical gender by Heritage Speakers of Polish: Evidence for access to abstract syntactic features in real-time processing
heritage speaker bilingualism	Examining Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study.
heritage speakers	Gender and Number Agreement in Italian as a Heritage Language: A Self-Paced Reading Study Production of rhetorical questions by heritage speakers of Italian SOUNDING FOREIGN IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN SPEAKERS IN ITALY Taking the Milk out of the Cow: A cross-linguistic study of lexical production accuracy and innovation in child and adult heritage speakers
heritage Turkish	Does pro-drop in heritage Greek, Russian and Turkish decline?
Hindi
homonyms	The processing of lexical ambiguity by bilingual children
I
Illicit null subjects
image schema
immersed bilinguals	Processing and interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in L1 Spanish-L2 English attriters
implicature
implicit causality	Crosslinguistic differences in pronoun resolution: Evidence from Croatian and Chinese
implicit explicit grammar instruction	The Effect of Grammar Instruction on Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults
implicit statistical learning	Cognitive abilities underlying the early stages of L2 acquisition: An artificial language study
Incomplete Acquisition Hypothesis	Are the heritage and dominant languages of early bilinguals less complex and less fluent than that of monolinguals? A comparison of linguistic abilities of pre-adolescent Polish Heritage Speakers and monolingual controls.
Indian English
Individual difference factors	Individual difference factors in sequential bilingual acquisition
individual differences	The relationship of individual differences in bilingual experience and cognitive control Examining Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study. Cognitive abilities underlying the early stages of L2 acquisition: An artificial language study Language entropy relates to behavioral and pupil indices of executive control in young adult bilinguals
infant-directed speech	The role of speech modifications in ab inito learners’ initial speech segmentation
Inflectional Morphology	Differential sensitivity to L2 morphological violations in spoken versus written comprehension in L1 Mandarin learners of English
Inhibition	Type of bilingualism conditions individual differences in the oscillatory dynamics of inhibitory control
inhibitory control	Inhibitory control or social skills? Exploring two accounts for young multilinguals’ perspective-taking advantage in referential communication
instructed bilinguals	Processing and interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in L1 Spanish-L2 English attriters
Interference	Dependency formation in native and non-native sentence processing
interhemispheric transfer	Bilateral processing advantage in younger and older monolinguals and bilinguals
Interlinguistic transfers
International adoptees	International adoptees’ recognition of emotions in nonsense speech in the adopted language and in the birth language
interpretation	Processing and interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in L1 Spanish-L2 English attriters
interpreters	L2 morphological processing is cognitively taxing: evidence from interpreters
interpreting into L1	Disfluencies and directionality in simultaneous interpreting. A corpus study comparing L1-L2 and L2-L1 interpretations from the European Parliament
interpreting into L2	How native-like do conference interpreters sound in L2? A phonetic analysis of retour interpretations into English in the European Parliament Disfluencies and directionality in simultaneous interpreting. A corpus study comparing L1-L2 and L2-L1 interpretations from the European Parliament
intonation	Production of rhetorical questions by heritage speakers of Italian
intrasentential code-switching	Sigue the leader? Children’s use of code-switching during interactive picture descriptions with a code-switching partner
Irony
Italian	Gender and Number Agreement in Italian as a Heritage Language: A Self-Paced Reading Study Cross-linguistic influence in acceptability: possessive structures in Norwegian-Italian bilingual children Cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in mirrored properties
L
L1 attrition	The many shades of blue in Russian-German bilinguals: Conceptual distinctions in the acquisition and processing of color words in early and late bilinguals
L1 morphosyntactic production	Bilingualism/Multilingualism does not affect production of time reference in L1: Evidence from Norwegian academics
L1 Spanish	Do bilinguals generalize greater referential specificity in response to feedback? Bilinguals’ referential choice under time pressure
L1 Spanish-L2 English attriters	Processing and interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in L1 Spanish-L2 English attriters
L1-L2 similarities	Prediction in L1 and L2 German based on semantic and gender cues
L2 acquisition of spelling	Additional Barriers: Learning Morpho-Graphic Spelling Regularities Across Scripts
L2 English	Do bilinguals generalize greater referential specificity in response to feedback? Bilinguals’ referential choice under time pressure
L2 fluency	Fluency development in seniors learning a second language: a case study
L2 German	Syntactic and lexical gender congruency in native Spanish speakers acquiring L2 German
L2 Italian	Subject pronoun processing in L2 Italian: Evidence from Croatian speakers
L2 language production	Do bilinguals generalize greater referential specificity in response to feedback? Bilinguals’ referential choice under time pressure
L2 learners	F0 in Spanish L1 and L2 word segmentation
L2 phonology	Transfer of L2 speech sound production training to perception: Insights from the discrimination task and the MMN
L2 prediction	Prediction in L1 and L2 German based on semantic and gender cues
L2 processing	Predictive L2 sentence processing in noise: Differential effects across linguistic cues Processing of Agreement and Reflexives in Non-Native Sentence Comprehension
L2 production	Transfer of L2 speech sound production training to perception: Insights from the discrimination task and the MMN
L2 proficiency
L2 sentence comprehension	Non-canonical sentence processing in advanced L2 learners: No cognate facilitation, but evidence of revision effects
L2 sentence processing	Differential sensitivity to L2 morphological violations in spoken versus written comprehension in L1 Mandarin learners of English Linguistic and cognitive predictors of reanalysis in low-intermediate L2 learners Syntactic and lexical gender congruency in native Spanish speakers acquiring L2 German
language attrition
Language control	The role of proficiency in voluntary and mandatory language switching The electrophysiology of voluntary and cued language switching: evidence from event related potentials and neuronal oscillations
language entropy	Language entropy relates to behavioral and pupil indices of executive control in young adult bilinguals
language experience	The Role of Language Experience in Predictive Processing: The Case of Early Turkish-Dutch Bilingual Adults
language learning	Language learning to boost episodic memory in older adults with and without cognitive impairment
language mode	Colour Perception in Bilinguals is Momentarily modulated by Active Language
language processing	Non-canonical sentence processing in advanced L2 learners: No cognate facilitation, but evidence of revision effects
language production	Bilingual language control in connected speech
language switching	The effect of language switching training over PM performance Bilingual language switching: ERP and time-frequency EEG processes Cross-language semantic and orthographic parafoveal processing in bilingual readers
language use
late bilingual	The many shades of blue in Russian-German bilinguals: Conceptual distinctions in the acquisition and processing of color words in early and late bilinguals
late bilinguals	THE EFFECT OF INTER AND INTRA-LANGUAGE VARIATIONS ON L2 PREDICTIVE GENDER PROCESSING
Left Perceptual Span
lexical access	Bilingual language control in connected speech
lexical innovation	Taking the Milk out of the Cow: A cross-linguistic study of lexical production accuracy and innovation in child and adult heritage speakers
lexical processing	Taking the Milk out of the Cow: A cross-linguistic study of lexical production accuracy and innovation in child and adult heritage speakers Impact of mask wearing on bilingual semantic processing: A priming study
Lexical stress	F0 in Spanish L1 and L2 word segmentation
lexicon	L3-to-L2 versus L3-to-L1 transfer in Spanish-Basque-English trilinguals: Evidence from phonetics and the lexicon The many shades of blue in Russian-German bilinguals: Conceptual distinctions in the acquisition and processing of color words in early and late bilinguals
linguistic generalization
linguistic relativism	Colour Perception in Bilinguals is Momentarily modulated by Active Language
linguistic relativity	Numeral classifiers and object perception by Chinese-Japanese bilinguals and monolinguals
listening comprehension	Does proficiency modulate attention to a talker's mouth? An extended replication of Birulés et al. (2020)
M
Mandarin	Production and processing of non-canonical structures in Mandarin-English heritage children
Mandatory language switching	The role of proficiency in voluntary and mandatory language switching
mask-wearing	Impact of mask wearing on bilingual semantic processing: A priming study
memory	Better Memory for Complete Events in Russian: An Effect of Obligatory Aspect Marking Aptitude and memory
Mental Imagery
mental lexicon	‘That is where the shoe pinches’ – cognates in context and in translation
meta-analysis
Metalinguistics
minority language	Minority language happiness: The link between social inclusion, well-being, and speaking Frisian in the Northern Netherlands SOUNDING FOREIGN IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN SPEAKERS IN ITALY
Minority-language speaking children
MMN	Transfer of L2 speech sound production training to perception: Insights from the discrimination task and the MMN
Modality Interference	Cultural Immersion and Experience Shape Emotion Perception in Bilinguals
mode	Does pro-drop in heritage Greek, Russian and Turkish decline?
Moral decision making
Moral Dilemma
Morpho-graphic spelling regularities	Additional Barriers: Learning Morpho-Graphic Spelling Regularities Across Scripts
Morphological awareness
morphology	L2 morphological processing is cognitively taxing: evidence from interpreters Additional Barriers: Learning Morpho-Graphic Spelling Regularities Across Scripts
morphology-syntactic structures
morphosyntactic cues	Predictive L2 sentence processing in noise: Differential effects across linguistic cues
morphosyntactic processing	Subject pronoun processing in L2 Italian: Evidence from Croatian speakers
morphosyntax	Individual difference factors in sequential bilingual acquisition (Morpho)syntactic modulation of the cognate facilitation effect mediated by task The Role of Language Experience in Predictive Processing: The Case of Early Turkish-Dutch Bilingual Adults
motivation	Fluency development in seniors learning a second language: a case study
multi-sensory perception	Does proficiency modulate attention to a talker's mouth? An extended replication of Birulés et al. (2020)
multilingualism	The power of language: How the codes we use to think, speak, and live transform our minds Understanding the nature of bilingualism: Multimodal approaches reveal dynamic effects of bilingualism for language and cognition Dynamics of language experience and how it affects language and cognitive control The many faces of multilingualism in development and learning Minority language happiness: The link between social inclusion, well-being, and speaking Frisian in the Northern Netherlands Bilingualism/Multilingualism does not affect production of time reference in L1: Evidence from Norwegian academics
N
Narrative comprehension
narratives
native-like pronunciation	How native-like do conference interpreters sound in L2? A phonetic analysis of retour interpretations into English in the European Parliament
negation processing	Negation processing in Chinese English bilinguals: Insights from the Stroop paradigm
negative strengthening
neurocognition	Examining Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study.
non-canonical questions	Production of rhetorical questions by heritage speakers of Italian
Non-canonical word order	Production and processing of non-canonical structures in Mandarin-English heritage children
Non-native sentence processing	Dependency formation in native and non-native sentence processing
Non-native speech perception	English speakers’ perception of German vowel contrasts in adverse listening conditions
Non-native speech processing	English speakers’ perception of German vowel contrasts in adverse listening conditions
Norwegian	Cross-linguistic influence in acceptability: possessive structures in Norwegian-Italian bilingual children Cross-linguistic influence in Ln processing: Gender agreement in Norwegian possessives Cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in mirrored properties
null and overt subject pronouns	Processing and interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in L1 Spanish-L2 English attriters
numeral classifier	Numeral classifiers and object perception by Chinese-Japanese bilinguals and monolinguals
O
Offline processing	Prediction in L1 and L2 German based on semantic and gender cues
older adults	Language learning to boost episodic memory in older adults with and without cognitive impairment
online comprehension	Subject pronoun processing in L2 Italian: Evidence from Croatian speakers
oral and written language
Orthography
oscillations	The role of working memory resources during language processing: data from ERPs and oscillations
P
Parafoveal processing	Cross-language semantic and orthographic parafoveal processing in bilingual readers
Parent-child interactions	Continuity and stability in emergent bilinguals’ language development and code-switching practices spanning school entry
perception-production link	Transfer of L2 speech sound production training to perception: Insights from the discrimination task and the MMN
perceptual learning	Anomalous vowel substitutions in second-language words trigger perceptual (un)learning
perspective-taking	Inhibitory control or social skills? Exploring two accounts for young multilinguals’ perspective-taking advantage in referential communication
phonetic analysis	How native-like do conference interpreters sound in L2? A phonetic analysis of retour interpretations into English in the European Parliament
Phonetic transfer
phonetics	L3-to-L2 versus L3-to-L1 transfer in Spanish-Basque-English trilinguals: Evidence from phonetics and the lexicon
Phonetics/Phonology
Phonological awareness
Phonological Competition	The Effects of Dual-Language Phonological Competition on Memory
Phonological short-term memory
phonology	SOUNDING FOREIGN IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN SPEAKERS IN ITALY
phonotactic complexity	Is there a bilingual advantage in the production of phonotactically complex L3 words?
Polish-English bilinguals	Syntactic representations in Polish-English bilingual children: Evidence from priming
Possessive pronouns	Cross-linguistic influence in Ln processing: Gender agreement in Norwegian possessives
Possessive structures	Cross-linguistic influence in acceptability: possessive structures in Norwegian-Italian bilingual children
Possessives	Cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in mirrored properties
Pragmatics
prediction	Predictive L2 sentence processing in noise: Differential effects across linguistic cues Does word order impact the use of verb argument information in L1 and L2 semantic prediction? L2 morphological processing is cognitively taxing: evidence from interpreters Eye-tracking measures of prediction in L1 and L2 in bilingual people with and without aphasia
prediction-by-association
prediction-by-production
Predictive gender processing	THE EFFECT OF INTER AND INTRA-LANGUAGE VARIATIONS ON L2 PREDICTIVE GENDER PROCESSING
predictive processing	The Role of Language Experience in Predictive Processing: The Case of Early Turkish-Dutch Bilingual Adults
Primary school
priming effects	Beyond cis-gender identities - new perspectives on gender stereotyping
priming study	Impact of mask wearing on bilingual semantic processing: A priming study
pro-drop	Does pro-drop in heritage Greek, Russian and Turkish decline?
pro-drop languages	Crosslinguistic differences in pronoun resolution: Evidence from Croatian and Chinese
processing	Processing and interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in L1 Spanish-L2 English attriters Production and processing of non-canonical structures in Mandarin-English heritage children The power of language: How the codes we use to think, speak, and live transform our minds Understanding the nature of bilingualism: Multimodal approaches reveal dynamic effects of bilingualism for language and cognition Dynamics of language experience and how it affects language and cognitive control The many faces of multilingualism in development and learning The Representation of Grammatical Gender in Welsh-English Adult Bilinguals
production	Production and processing of non-canonical structures in Mandarin-English heritage children Who likes bananas?! How second language learners of German produce rhetorical questions
production accuracy	Is there a bilingual advantage in the production of phonotactically complex L3 words?
proficiency
Pronoun production	Bilinguals’ referential choice under time pressure
pronoun resolution	Crosslinguistic differences in pronoun resolution: Evidence from Croatian and Chinese
prosody	L2 morphological processing is cognitively taxing: evidence from interpreters Production of rhetorical questions by heritage speakers of Italian SOUNDING FOREIGN IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN SPEAKERS IN ITALY Who likes bananas?! How second language learners of German produce rhetorical questions
prospective memory	The effect of language switching training over PM performance
psycholinguistics	Does word order impact the use of verb argument information in L1 and L2 semantic prediction? The role of working memory resources during language processing: data from ERPs and oscillations
pupillometry	Language entropy relates to behavioral and pupil indices of executive control in young adult bilinguals
Q
quotation	‘That is where the shoe pinches’ – cognates in context and in translation
R
Reading
Reading anxiety
Reading self-concept
reanalysis	Linguistic and cognitive predictors of reanalysis in low-intermediate L2 learners
Referential choice	Do bilinguals generalize greater referential specificity in response to feedback?
Reflexives	Processing of Agreement and Reflexives in Non-Native Sentence Comprehension
regressive transfer	L3-to-L2 versus L3-to-L1 transfer in Spanish-Basque-English trilinguals: Evidence from phonetics and the lexicon
relative clauses
representation	The Representation of Grammatical Gender in Welsh-English Adult Bilinguals
retour	How native-like do conference interpreters sound in L2? A phonetic analysis of retour interpretations into English in the European Parliament
rhetorical questions	Production of rhetorical questions by heritage speakers of Italian Who likes bananas?! How second language learners of German produce rhetorical questions
Russian	The many shades of blue in Russian-German bilinguals: Conceptual distinctions in the acquisition and processing of color words in early and late bilinguals
S
Script differences	Additional Barriers: Learning Morpho-Graphic Spelling Regularities Across Scripts
second language	Cognitive abilities underlying the early stages of L2 acquisition: An artificial language study
Second language acquisition	Differential sensitivity to L2 morphological violations in spoken versus written comprehension in L1 Mandarin learners of English Cross-linguistic influence in Ln processing: Gender agreement in Norwegian possessives
second language learning	Anomalous vowel substitutions in second-language words trigger perceptual (un)learning
Second language proficiency	The role of proficiency in voluntary and mandatory language switching
self-paced listening	Individual variation in heritage language morphosyntactic processing: Clitic placement in Bosnian in Norway
self-paced reading	Subject pronoun processing in L2 Italian: Evidence from Croatian speakers
Self-paced reading task	Gender and Number Agreement in Italian as a Heritage Language: A Self-Paced Reading Study
semantic priming
semantic processing	Does word order impact the use of verb argument information in L1 and L2 semantic prediction? Impact of mask wearing on bilingual semantic processing: A priming study
semantic verbal fluency
Semitic languages
Sentence processing	The role of working memory resources during language processing: data from ERPs and oscillations Individual variation in heritage language morphosyntactic processing: Clitic placement in Bosnian in Norway The Relative Cost of Codeswitching – The Price of Language vs Lexical Switching Cross-linguistic influence in Ln processing: Gender agreement in Norwegian possessives
sentence production
sentential context	The processing of lexical ambiguity by bilingual children
Sequential bilingualism	Individual difference factors in sequential bilingual acquisition
similarity judgment	Numeral classifiers and object perception by Chinese-Japanese bilinguals and monolinguals
Similarity-interference	Processing of Agreement and Reflexives in Non-Native Sentence Comprehension
simultaneous interpreting	How native-like do conference interpreters sound in L2? A phonetic analysis of retour interpretations into English in the European Parliament Disfluencies and directionality in simultaneous interpreting. A corpus study comparing L1-L2 and L2-L1 interpretations from the European Parliament
social cognition	Inhibitory control or social skills? Exploring two accounts for young multilinguals’ perspective-taking advantage in referential communication
social identity theory	Minority language happiness: The link between social inclusion, well-being, and speaking Frisian in the Northern Netherlands
Socio-economic status
Source of cost
speech comprehension
speech in noise	Predictive L2 sentence processing in noise: Differential effects across linguistic cues
Speech Learning Model
speech modifications	The role of speech modifications in ab inito learners’ initial speech segmentation
speech perception	Anomalous vowel substitutions in second-language words trigger perceptual (un)learning
Speech perception in noise	English speakers’ perception of German vowel contrasts in adverse listening conditions
speech production	L3-to-L2 versus L3-to-L1 transfer in Spanish-Basque-English trilinguals: Evidence from phonetics and the lexicon
speech segmentation	The role of speech modifications in ab inito learners’ initial speech segmentation
speeded trilingual switching	L3-to-L2 versus L3-to-L1 transfer in Spanish-Basque-English trilinguals: Evidence from phonetics and the lexicon
spontaneous speech	Bilingual language control in connected speech
standardized test
structural priming	Cumulative priming effects across development in monolingual and bilingual children
structural processing
subject pronouns	Subject pronoun processing in L2 Italian: Evidence from Croatian speakers
Subject-predicate agreement
Subject-predicate structure
Switch cost	The electrophysiology of voluntary and cued language switching: evidence from event related potentials and neuronal oscillations
switch costs
switching training	The effect of language switching training over PM performance
syntactic and lexical gender congruency	Syntactic and lexical gender congruency in native Spanish speakers acquiring L2 German
syntactic priming	Sigue the leader? Children’s use of code-switching during interactive picture descriptions with a code-switching partner Syntactic representations in Polish-English bilingual children: Evidence from priming
Syntactic processing	Processing of Agreement and Reflexives in Non-Native Sentence Comprehension
syntactic representation	Syntactic representations in Polish-English bilingual children: Evidence from priming
syntax
syntax-prosody interface
systematic review
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task effects	(Morpho)syntactic modulation of the cognate facilitation effect mediated by task
Temporal Processing	Differential sensitivity to L2 morphological violations in spoken versus written comprehension in L1 Mandarin learners of English
Test validation	Aptitude and memory
Third language acquisition	Exploring the effect of linguistic similarity in third language acquisition
third-age language learning	Fluency development in seniors learning a second language: a case study The Effect of Grammar Instruction on Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults
time reference/tense	Bilingualism/Multilingualism does not affect production of time reference in L1: Evidence from Norwegian academics
Time-frequency representations	Type of bilingualism conditions individual differences in the oscillatory dynamics of inhibitory control
Topic-comment structure
transfer	Transfer of L2 speech sound production training to perception: Insights from the discrimination task and the MMN
translation	‘That is where the shoe pinches’ – cognates in context and in translation
trilinguals	L3-to-L2 versus L3-to-L1 transfer in Spanish-Basque-English trilinguals: Evidence from phonetics and the lexicon
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verbal interference	Colour Perception in Bilinguals is Momentarily modulated by Active Language
Verbs	Eye-tracking measures of prediction in L1 and L2 in bilingual people with and without aphasia
Visual-auditory integration
visual-world paradigm	Does word order impact the use of verb argument information in L1 and L2 semantic prediction?
vocabulary
Vocal emotion recognition	International adoptees’ recognition of emotions in nonsense speech in the adopted language and in the birth language
Voluntary language switching	The role of proficiency in voluntary and mandatory language switching The electrophysiology of voluntary and cued language switching: evidence from event related potentials and neuronal oscillations
Vowels	English speakers’ perception of German vowel contrasts in adverse listening conditions
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well-being	Minority language happiness: The link between social inclusion, well-being, and speaking Frisian in the Northern Netherlands
Welsh	The Representation of Grammatical Gender in Welsh-English Adult Bilinguals
word definition
word order
Word segmentation	F0 in Spanish L1 and L2 word segmentation
working memory	Bilingual life experiences and neurocognition in middle-aged and older populations The role of working memory resources during language processing: data from ERPs and oscillations Linguistic and cognitive predictors of reanalysis in low-intermediate L2 learners
Y
Young Adults

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