ABSTRACT. The use of emotion in design is a powerful way of influencing people. It works in the absence of people's consciousness as the response is sometimes automatic. Early studies in this field considered the role of product characteristics in eliciting specific emotions to drive consumption. Designing the relevant emotion to the product by manipulating its form or function promotes customer satisfaction and sustained use of the product. The method is especially useful in designing high-involvement products that display users' distinct personalities. Affective products are attractive because they cater to consumers' hedonic needs. They induce consumers to engage in irrational behavior such as impulse buying. The use of this hedonistic approach to promote difficult environmental behaviors such as energy conservation, waste disposal, and recycling was explored. The process for identifying the target emotion was done by analyzing online texts related to each context. An affective design framework for influencing specific environmental behavior related to waste disposal and energy conservation were considered. Case studies showed that judicious choice of emotion and resultant design features are essential success factors.

ABSTRACT. Professor Charles Vincent, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford

Professor Mike English, Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford

Healthcare systems across the world and especially those in low-resource settings (LRS) are under pressure and one of the first priorities must be to prevent any harm done while trying to deliver care. Health care workers, especially department leaders, need the diagnostic abilities to identify local safety concerns and design actions that benefit their patients. We set out relevant concepts from ergonomics and human factors that are not well-known in LRS. We use these to illustrate how these may be used to analyse the complex interactions between resources and tools, the organisation of tasks and the norms that may govern behaviours, together with the strengths and vulnerabilities of systems.

We then consider how these leaders might implement practical, low-cost interventions to improve safety, both in the short and longer term. We describe a ‘portfolio’ approach to safety improvement in four broad categories: prioritising critical processes, such as checking drug doses; strengthening the overall system of care, for example by introducing multi-professional handovers; control of known risks, such as only using Continuous Positive Airways Pressure when appropriate conditions are met; and enhancing detection and response to hazardous situations, such as introducing brief team meetings. Local clinical leaders and managers face numerous challenges in delivering safe care but, if given sufficient support, they are nevertheless in a position to bring about major improvements.

ABSTRACT. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has subjected affected families to rigorous, un-precedented demands. Consumer health informatics (CHI) is suggested as a formidable intervention to aid in necessary health management for people with AD. Although CHI’s have been developed to support chronic disease management, research is still needed to translate knowledge gained regarding patient work into CHI design in order to better represent the needs of AD caregivers. Patient ergonomics recognizes the efforts (i.e. work) that individuals put forth towards the treatment and maintenance of their health and thus was used to inform the design of targeted CHI. Participatory design and human factors methods were used to produce AD caregiver-generated data which were translated into recommended CHI application features for this population of health consumers.

ABSTRACT. Heuristic evaluations, while commonly used, may inadequately capture the severity of identified usability issues. Incorporating stakeholder expertise, especially in healthcare contexts, can help assess and address potential impacts on patient safety. Particularly, patient/family representatives provide unique insight that help direct human-centered design.

ABSTRACT. We provide a snapshot of health-related worries from an internet-based convenience sample of 2,149 US participants at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzed using the patient ergonomics perspective, our findings are helpful to inform human-centered public health support solutions during and after the pandemic.

ABSTRACT. Medical laboratories play pivotal roles in disease control and prevention program by providing timely data or information for patient management and disease surveillance. International Organization for Standardization (ISO-15189) has recommended assessment and monitoring of Quality Management Systems (QMS) in laboratories as quality improvement efforts. The high level of dissatisfaction reported by patients may indicate a poor QMS.

ABSTRACT. Online healthcare peer-support portals (PSP) enable development of social relationships among informal caregivers. In the development of online relationships on PSP, impression formation (IF) plays a critical role and this is explored here using both quantitative and qualitative data. Implications of these findings to literature and to the design of these portals are discussed.

ABSTRACT. This special session showcases a selection of the work undertaken by a consortium of seven countries that takes a sociotechnical perspective of road transport, with efforts directed towards improving safety in low- and middle-income countries.

ABSTRACT. The Socio Technical Approach to Road Safety (STARS) project brings together a consortium of six Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Ecuador, Kenya and Vietnam) and a leading Transport Research Group in the United Kingdom (UK) in order to tackle Road Safety. This is an overview of the project and approaches taken. The following papers will report on studies taken in the individual LMICs.

ABSTRACT. The integration of AcciMap and 7Es approach to analyze the root causes of traffic collisions is presented in this research. The research results show that traffic accidents can be ignited from many causes that cannot be found by using the 3Es traditional method or the regular Acimap solely.

ABSTRACT. Most road traffic collisions in Kenya occur in high-speed roads and highways. Available data suggest that pedestrians and motorcyclists are most affected by road traffic collisions in Kenya. Collision analysis methods have not been broadly explored in Kenya yet. It can provide a more comprehensive understanding of causes of collisions and possible mitigation measures. We explored three collision case studies in Kenya using the STAMP method to identify the systemic failures that contributed to the occurrence of the accidents.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a study that aimed to evaluate aspects of Brazilian pedestrian behavior. The considerable number of collisions with pedestrians in low and middle-income countries is a governmental concern considering its impact on the economic and health system. A survey was conducted based on a self-report questionnaire. Two rounds of pre-tests were necessary to adapt the English ver-sion of the questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese. This effort was necessary to make respondents comfortable and understand clearly the 122 questions present-ed in the questionnaire. Data collection activities are still on-going at the time of writing.

ABSTRACT. According to WHO [1] data, about 1.4 million people die each year from road traffic collisions. Traffic collisions continue to be the one of the main causes of death in the world, which reflects that the lack of road safety is still a serious global problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where road safety policies they have not been as closely studied or implemented, resulting in a strong social impact.

Ecuador is a developing country, and with a high mortality rate due to traffic collisions, it currently does not have the research base necessary to implement a properly informed management and intervention plan in order to improve road safety. This is the reason of this study.

This project is mainly focused on the analysis of a pedestrian's attitude and behavior as factors that are linked to minor, serious and moderate collisions on the roads. The analysis of these factors gives us extremely important information, which in turn includes those points where more attention should be paid from the health perspective.

An interesting information of data obtained after analyzing the results of this project is that 60% of the population analyzed, whether as a pedestrian, driver or passenger, has been in a situation that could end in a serious collision, but did not end up injuring people. In other words, a large percentage of the population runs the risk of being harmed in a collision on the road due of the lack of road safety.

ABSTRACT. This paper assesses the strengths and opportunities of the existing Accident Report Form (ARF) in identifying potential contributory factors across different system levels in the causation of road traffic collisions in Bangladesh based on the AcciMap framework and proposes recommendations to improve incident reporting systems enabling systems-based investigation.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this symposium is to present and discuss scientific findings of the literature on the risk of non-traditional manual lifting techniques, such as one-handed lifting and carrying. Five speakers including the chairs will present their own research respectively, followed by a group discussion about the potential use of the findings from their studies and the literature for developing guidelines or standards.

ABSTRACT. This literature review reveals insufficient evidence for a modification to the Revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Lifting Equation (RNLE) for one-handed lifting. Research into the risk of low back pain (LBP) associated with one-handed lifting tasks is recommended.

ABSTRACT. Many manual handling tasks require or have the option of being performed with one hand. This presentation will summarize two studies that have evaluated this activity relative to a comparable two-handed lift and detail lift style differences in terms of low back kinematics, spine loading, and risk of injury.

ABSTRACT. This effort summarizes findings from a study that employed a biologically-assisted biomechanical model to assess lumbar spine forces during one- vs. two-handed lifting of varying weights from various origins and destinations. The study showed that one-handed lifting generally resulted in lowered compression and A/P shear loads but increased lateral shear loads. Asymmetry, load height, moment arm, and load mass all influenced spine load magnitudes.

ABSTRACT. Older and obese individuals represent two growing segments of the working population that may be more susceptible to musculoskeletal injuries in comparison to younger, healthier workers. This presentation will briefly review some recent work performed by faculty and students in the Center for Occupational Safety, Ergonomics, and Injury Prevention at Auburn University investigating one-handed carrying among older and obese individuals.

ABSTRACT. Variations in two-handed lifting techniques show effects on spine loading up to 26%, but these effects can disappear or even reverse with subtle changes in task conditions. In contrast, one-handed lifting consistently reduces spine loads (by 17-30%) when the free hand can effectively be used to support the upper body by leaning on a knee or on an external object.

ABSTRACT. One of the most critical differentiator of skills in chest x-rays diagno-sis is an effective information acquisition strategy coupled with thorough medical knowledge. However, well-experienced doctors frequently find it difficult to explicitly explain their skills because such skills are implicit and automated. To uncover characteristics of skills in chest x-rays diagnosis, we monitored eye movements as well as their debriefing utilizing the eye movement data, seventeen medical doctors including experts, intermediates, and residents during diagnosing twenty chest x-rays. Based on debriefing and eye movement data, we discuss possible application of eye movement data for effective education system. Keywords: Gaze Pattern, Expertise Analysis, Clinical Reasoning Process, De-briefing, Chest X-Rays.

ABSTRACT. This study uses Microsoft XBOX One game console with Kinect motion sensing game to explore the impact of double-person training in physical fitness. In this research, twenty-four participants were enrolled to conduct a two-way between-subject experimental design for exploring the effects of gender and BMI with gender on positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) in squat. The results indicated that BMI with gender was significant on PANAS. This research indicated that when choosing males, the PANAS are low, which means that both males and females consider the competition with males may be stressful. When choosing females, the PANAS are high, which means that they prefer to choose females, especially for their BMI ranges between 18.5 and 24. It is recommended that when looking for the partners in motion sensing games, females are the better choices If the participants would like to have positive feelings.

ABSTRACT. Lecturers are bearers of knowledge and are expected to dispense them. However, professional exposures influence the degree of Knowledge Awareness and Practice (KAP) of a given phe-nomenon like ergonomics that is multidisciplinary. The level of the KAP of Ergonomics among lecturers appears unknown. This study assessed and compared the level of KAP of Ergonomics between Lecturers in Engineering Faculty and College of Medicine, University of Nigeria.

This cross-sectional survey sampled the KAP of lecturers in the College of Medicine (CoML) and the Faculty of Engineering (FEngL). Their sociodemographics and KAP of Ergonomics were assessed using a self structured questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and independent t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

A total of 75 lecturers (33 CoML and 42 FEngL), majority of whom were males (65.3%) and at the level of the rank of Lecturer II or I (48.0%). More FEngL (73.8%) than CoML (69.7%) wrongly reported that ergonomics fits workers to their work, while more CoML (78.8%) than FEngL (71.4%) wrongly reported that document in a computer workstation should be placed flat on the table. Overall, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean ergonomics knowledge (58.01±27.65% vs 61.22±28.80), awareness (68.18±30.79% vs 64.88±29.89%) and practice (46.21±30.79% vs 45.53±22.23%) of the participants (CoML vs FEngL respectively).

COML and FEngL have a fair knowledge/Awareness of Ergonomics but their practical applica-tion is poor. There is need for lecturers to advance their knowledge, awareness and practice of Ergonomics through training and retraining.

ABSTRACT. Good lighting is important for visual comfort, safety and productivity in workplaces. This workshop will introduce some of the issues that should be considered when evaluating the visual environment of a workplace.

ABSTRACT. The world of work is always subject to economic, societal and technological factors that continuously affect and transform the design of work systems, their management and improvement. To these permanent and traditional factors, since 2020 are added new unexpected health and labour risks stemming from unpredictable COVID-19 and its consequences to organizations and workers worldwide.

ABSTRACT. A Special Session (90-minutes) Panel Discussion with international research and industry experts. Panelists will discuss the keys to sensorless, computer vision technology and artificial intelligence in occupational ergonomics, focusing on research to practice and what’s next.

ABSTRACT. With a global ageing working population, it is urgent that work organizations create sustainable employment opportunities by managing workability and preventing early departure of the workforce.

ABSTRACT. Background: The labour force is ageing due to the demographic change and the postponement of old-age retirement in many countries. Objective: In order to increase the possibility for employees to maintain their employability and to keep working in an extended working life this intervention project tested a distance education as a technique to integrate a theoretical model for a sustainable working life for all ages (the swAge-model) as a practical management tool in fourteen municipality managers’ ordinary work situation. Results: Most of the participating managers had difficulty completing the en-tire training program in this intervention project due to external circumstanc-es, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and reorganisations, and because no extra time during working hours had been allocated to the managers to participate in the intervention project. Despite this, all participating managers ap-preciated being given the opportunity to participate and take part in the content of the intervention. Everyone considered the theoretical model, the swAge model, on which the intervention project was based, to be very useful and to have given them new insights into their managerial duties. Conclusions: If society and organisations want a larger amount of employees to participate in working life until an older age, they also need to allocate working hours for managers to acquire new knowledge on how to create healthy and sustainable workplaces for all ages, as well as to implement these tools, measures and working methods permanently in the daily organisational work.

ABSTRACT. The reduction in work ability over the years is due to the imbalance between the work demands and individual resources and is strongly affected by a set of factors. This study aims at analyzing the influence of work demands and work organization on work ability based on age. The results were extracted from a prospective study that accomplishes three time periods. Was used a self-administered questionnaire composed of sociodemographic questions, the Portuguese version of the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the scales related to work demands and work organization from the Portuguese medium version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II). In 2015 the sample included 885 participants, in 2017, 1167 participants, and in 2019, 1331 participants. The results pointed out that the ability to work decreased over the years. Also, workers over 50 years old, from the operational assistant category, with a degree in basic education presented lower WAI, representing a more vulnerable group. Regarding the COPSOQ II, the scales of “quantitative demands”, “work pace” and “cognitive demands” showed better results as age increases. Better values in the scales “meaning of work”, “workplace commitment” and “cognitive demands” determined better results in WAI, playing a protective role on the work ability. To conclude, psychosocial factors affect differently workers from different age groups and professional categories and has an important role on work ability. This must be taken into consideration to propose intervention measures.

ABSTRACT. The demographic change leads to an on average older workforce. Aging is associated with a decrease of physical abilities and an increase in physical disorders. However, guidance for the evaluation of age-critical work tasks and workplaces is needed. Using a mixed-method approach, we collected data from 37 interviews with employees and management representatives and descriptively analyzed archival data sources of two large Austrian companies. Empirical findings suggest that data on different levels should be considered in analysis to derive measures that are tailored to the specific needs of industrial application.

ABSTRACT. Improving age management in companies and administrations and increasing the employment rate of seniors is a major challenge. The methods for analyzing and acting on this topic need to be applied on a large scale, despite the fact that there is a huge amount of publications on this subject. We found poor return of practical experience about the application of tools, the possible actions, the assets, the impediments, etc. This paper summarizes a prospective analysis of aging at work. It highlights the stakes about the economic level, the health of employees, the share of knowledge in the company, as possible actions to be taken. The main aspects of the methods are exposed, as some results, and the actions steered afterwards in the company

ABSTRACT. The authors will present two related methods for supporting ageing workers’ involvement in both manual and semi-automated assembly systems. The results come from the EU-H2020-MAIA Project that involves 13 universities worldwide (www.maiaproject.eu).

ABSTRACT. SUMMATIVE STATEMENT: Analysis of how much repetition is needed to become familiar with a new manual task when performing an assembly task.

ABSTRACT. To increase capacity and safety in air traffic control, digital strip systems have superseded paper strips in lower airspace control centers in Europe. Previous ethnographic studies on paper strip systems anticipated a radical change in work practices with digital strip systems,but we are not aware of any studies that evaluated these predictions. We carried out contextual inquiries with controllers and focused on face-to-face and radio communication, interactions with the digital strip system and the workspace in general. In turn, we contribute (1) detailed descriptions of controllers’ work practices, such as using tacit information from radio communication and ‘standard advocates vs. tinkerers’ operation modes, (2) respective implications for design and (3) discuss how the observed work practices are similar or different from the reported practices in the literature of the two preceding decades. Our key insights are, that documentation speed is faster with digital strips, although a high load in the case of radio frequency persists. Controllers retrieve tacit information from the radio communication and combine it with scattered cues from several displays to form empathic decisions that sometimes exceed the standard protocol. We conclude that the role of tacit information holds opportunities for future flight systemsand should be considered in a holistic approach to individualized workspaces for controllers.

ABSTRACT. The effect of policy and managerial decisions on nurse-workload, and subsequent quality-of-care, are difficult to quantify in advance. A tool is needed that can proactively test these changes – Discrete Event Simulation (DES) may help. While computerized simulation models have existed before, there remains a gap to affirm the validity of these models.

ABSTRACT. SUMMATIVE STATEMENT: Online learning is the new found system that was implemented and absorbed by the educational system. Using NASA Task load Index, this new system will be assessed to measure if the workloads given to students does not affect their mental health. 

ABSTRACT. The IEA’s Committee on Ergonomics for Children in Educational Environments originally focused on ergonomic initiatives in educational environments and studies that have used children as the participants in their research effort(s). However, as the committee has grown in size and diversity of its membership, it was soon realized that there are a number of aspects of children and ergonomics that are inseparable. As technology has been integrated into nearly every student’s life from Pre-K though college the effort has been expanded to include all educational environments. Due to the emergence of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19), additional emphasis is now being focused on the learning from home environment. The approach taken here is to provide examples, not an exhaustive nor complete summary of the efforts that are either on-going or should be started that are focused on ergonomics in educational environments. Ergonomics Checkpoints have been developed to date, provide guidelines for educational environments that teach a generation or generations of young people who will bridge the gap between children to whom no ergonomic thought has been given regarding their exposures to adult-like conditions and a generation or generations who will have everything ergonomic. More research will need to be conducted, better definitions and guidelines will need to be developed, and education and training of all people involved with children, from students, parents, and teachers to furniture manufacturers and school purchasing agents will have to be provided. Specific examples of Ergonomic Checkpoints, from furniture through functional environment are be presented.

ABSTRACT. The excitement of travelling from hometown to a university, well dressed along with carrying notes and laptop, attending classes physically with friends has become a myth in year 2020 and perhaps until the end of the year 2021. COVID-19 has robbed the lifestyle of being a university student and transformed the learning system into online. However, from the perspective of digitalization, it’s an achievement but a sudden change has stirred many conflicts on the mental health of students in terms of accepting drastic movement taken by the university due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic performance of students is in limbo as they tend to avoiding registered for subjects due to lack of absorbance of changes in the mode of learning with limited facilities to support them along the way. In response, it gives monumental pressure to grasp the subjects via online where it can affect the academic performance of students. This study investigated the state of mind of students who are undergoing classes via online. As such, mental state, physical and ergonomic factors associating with academic background among students will be the focus of this study. Data had been collected from a private university in Malaysia by using online platform. We used non-parametric clustering technique K-medoids based on unsupervised approach and Davies-Bouldin Index to measure cluster quality. Though in the past a few researchers have investigated similar studies, there is no research work reported using the clustering technique to study the aforementioned factors. A total of 8 distinct clusters were obtained. The patterns in the clusters indicated that high mental stress, poor ergonomic settings, alongside high potential risk of injuries were present in students in the clusters regardless of academic background. In particular, the two groups of clusters namely C4, C5, C6, C7 and C1, C2 need immediate attention in respect of mental, health and pedagogy support. As of result, the management of university, family members and university stakeholders should play their part by providing students with psychological support, comfortable study workspace, appropriate pedagogy support.

ABSTRACT. Distance laboratory training in ergonomics with a flipped-classroom approach and smartphone applications as a tool was designed, implemented, and evaluated at two Swedish universities. Most students (10/13) were satisfied with the laboratory training. In this small-scale study, sufficient preparation time, tailored instructions and timely support during the pre-lab work were identified as factors that may improve students’ learning. This case study points to that distance laboratory training can be a feasible method in future ergonomics education. The findings also contribute to better understanding on the design of distance laboratory training in the future.

ABSTRACT. Corona virus or most popularly known as the Covid-19 has paralyzed the people movement as well as various sectors that includes the education sector. Henceforth, it gave a breakthrough for academia to venture themselves into work from home with the aid of information technology. It is known as online teaching and learning (OTL). Frequent and continuous usage of OTL to conduct lessons for learners from home may take a toll on the health aspect of academicians. Demographic factors associating with the factors related to ergonomic settings among academicians will be the focus of this study. Data was collected from private universities in Malaysia by using online platform. Association rules technique based on unsupervised approach had been used to find interesting patterns between demographics and ergonomic settings. With association rules, finding co-occurrences of demographics factors leading to the factors of ergonomic settings is the main strength of the technique. Despite many researchers in the past has done ergonomics studies in various areas/fields, only simple and descriptive statistical techniques were used. At present, there is no research work reported using the association rules technique in the educational field in the context of ergonomics. Association rules algorithms FP-Growth and Apriori were used and the evaluation metrics used in this study were support, confidence and lift. The results from this study indicated that the academic group with demographic factors (Married, Male) particularly vulnerable to the risk of mental health while the academic group (Married, Female, Years of experience is less than 10 years) did not have adequate ergonomics facilities at home and lacked a better sense of interpretation of the information provided to them by the management in the process of executing OTL. The results could facilitate further improvements to establish good working conditions for academicians to use OTL from home. The management could undertake the necessary initiatives targeting specific academic groups to address the issues facing them.

ABSTRACT. New learning media approaches in technical vocational education offer multiple opportunities to revolutionize learning processes in apprenticeship. One approach tries to facilitate learning from errors in real work processes with the help of augmented reality (AR). Therefore, FRAM as a systemic error model can support the product development process of such AR learning media. The article shows how to combine FRAM with an extended work system model. Engineering de-sign methods complement both system theoretical models in order to simulate er-roneous and perfect solutions in work processes. In majority, the results present a good fit of FRAM’s functional dimensions that allows fostering synergies. The extended work system helps in combination with engineering design methods to convert difficult and ill-defined dimensions into a compatible shape for discrete event simulations. The investigation is limited on the assumptions of the underly-ing models and illustrates just one possible modelling solution. Moreover, resili-ent work design can profit from the outcomes on the integration of FRAM into an early staged product and work process design.

ABSTRACT. With the development of the Internet of Technology (IoT) and the increased propagation of smart products, the use of voice user interface (VUI), a direct method of communication between the users and the product, has become pervasive. A VUI that has been designed with a consideration of user’s affective experience can enhance the usability of a product by improving user preference and friendliness. This research is designed to evaluate the user’s affective satisfaction and to suggest the user-preferred components of VUI design while listening to the electroencephalogram (EEG)-based VUI.

ABSTRACT. Signages that elicit guilt is an effective strategy in influencing segregation behaviour especially if it includes a statement of action and an appropriate picture to illustrate the consequence of bad behavior. This paper examines the direct effect of signage design factors: type of guilt statement and pictorial component to guilt. Clarity of purpose was considered as a mediating variable between the design factors and guilt, while guilt proneness was considered as moderating variable between guilt and segregation behavior. The evaluation of the model was done through a Structural Equation Model (SEM) with a data set count of 404. There was no significant effect in the use of actual picture and cartoon in promoting the clarity of purpose of a signage. The mediating effect of clarity of purpose was established between the design factors and guilt, while guilt proneness also moderated the relationship between guilt and segregation behavior.

ABSTRACT. SUMMATIVE STATEMENT: The present work points and discusses which variables are more prominent and relevant regarding how users emotionally engage with SMAs. Through the discussion of a literature review, the study discusses and hypothesizes on how SMAs as interactive products can deliver experiences that nurture users’ well-being, on top of being pleasurable and usable.

ABSTRACT. The rise of digital stores and new shopping formats require designers and retailers to rethink the role of physical point of sale and the experience they offer to users. According to some reports on consumer behavior, carried out by Global Data in 2017, physical stores, when compared to the digital ones, have been losing significant space in people's daily lives in the last decade, seen by many as the era of the customer. Inadequate to the current users’ needs, many brands that still offer traditional experiences at their stores and not take into account, for instance, sensory stimulation and technology, end up becoming obsolete and having difficulty navigating in the current fast-moving market. Now with the recent Coronavirus pandemic situation, consumers seem to have drastically shifted to e-commerce since online shopping appears to be the safest and fastest way to purchase goods or services. This exploratory research seeks to investigate and compare, in the existing literature, both in human factors and in related areas, the main cognitive and behavioral methods that can be applied in the evaluation of users as in the process of designing experience at the physical point of sale.

ABSTRACT. Products can be assigned to a brand by their visual similarity. An important factor here is the shape of the products. Previous methods for determining similarity for brand affiliation can only be applied to products with the same layout. For prod-ucts with different structures (e.g. power tools), no methods exist for the 3D shape. Here, there is a need for research in order to be able to specifically design products similarly (or dissimilarly) for brand affiliation. The shape parameters that are independent of layout and are highly relevant for this purpose are deter-mined on the basis of the perception (evoked feelings) of shapes. The approach implies that the communication of the corporate identity also takes place via the product appearance. Similar perceptions of the products lead to a perceived simi-larity. The results are based on a literature review of research in the field of affec-tive design, emotional design and kansei engineering. The following 3D shape parameters were determined as important in descending order: edge/corner type, line and surface type, element amount (number of lines/edges and surfaces). Fur-thermore, the shape parameters are specified in 3D space.

ABSTRACT. The objective of the brief review is to demonstrate how analytical (“mathematical”) probabilistic predictive modeling (PPM) can be effectively employed to predict, on the probabilistic basis, the outcome of a Human-System-Integration (HSI) mission or an extraordinary situation, when the reliability of an instrumentation, (both its hard- and software), and human-in-the-loop (HITL) performance contribute jointly to the outcome of a mission or an extraordinary situation. The general concepts are illustrated by numerical examples. It is concluded that analytical modeling should always be considered, in addition to computer simulations in any HSI of importance: these two modeling techniques are based, as a rule, on different assumptions and employ different calculation procedures, and if the calculated data obtained using these two modeling approaches are in agreement, then there is a good reason to believe that the obtained results are sufficiently accurate and trustworthy.

ABSTRACT. There is growing interest in the use of systems-based risk assessment (RA) methods in human factors and ergonomics (HFE). Despite this, there has been a lack of formal reliability and validity testing undertaken to determine whether systems-based RA methods have the capacity to reliably and accurately identify potential risks within complex systems. The purpose of this study was to test the intra-rater reliability (within subject stability) and criterion-related validity (‘gold standard’ performance) of the Networked Hazard Analysis and Risk Manage-ment System (Net-HARMS). Net-HARMS is a new and innovative systems-based RA method that supports analysts with the identification of emergent risks. Emergent risks represent new risks that are created when risks from across a complex system interact with one another. Reliability and validity measures for Net-HARMS were obtained using the Signal Detection Theory (SDT) paradigm. Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) was used to analyze the complete SDT data to measure the strength of the correlation between risks. Findings indicate a weak to moderate level of reliability and validity for Net-HARMS based on the MCC score. The results suggest that there is merit to the continued use of Net-HARMS following a series of methodological recommendations that aim to enhance the reliability and validity of future applications.

ABSTRACT. The analysis of near miss incidents is recognized as an important component of safety management. The aim of this study is to present a systems analysis of near miss incidents in the Australian Led Outdoor Activity (LOA) sector. This study utilized the LOA specific incident reporting and learning system, Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Activity Data System (UPLOADS), to analyze near miss incidents in LOAs in Australia. UPLOADS is based on Rasmussen’s risk management framework and uses a modified AcciMap framework. Data for the current analysis was provided by 18 LOA providers across a 12-month period between September 2018 to September 2019. The LOA providers represented all Australian states and territories. The results demonstrate that a network of factors from across the system contribute to near miss incidents. These include, local government, parents, schools, LOA organizations, supervisors, participants, and the environment. The current findings will help LOA providers better understand near miss incidents and improve their safety efforts.

ABSTRACT. In a literature study and expert consultation we studied the effect of interventions to reduce the musculoskeletal work load. Both sources were in agreement in recognizing source approach interventions as the most effective in reducing the load.

ABSTRACT. Resilience of incident management teams (IMTs) is crucial to respond to growing threats from disasters. We analyze work-as-imagined (WAI) and work-as-done (WAD) of IMTs, two essential concepts of resilience, using a novel interaction episode analysis. Quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal how and why gaps between WAI and WAD occur. Such gaps can inform development of interventions to enhance resilience of IMTs in future disasters.

ABSTRACT. In order to promote the application of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) methods and practices for improving healthcare safety in general and patient safety in particular, the WHO (World Health Organization) and the IEA (International Ergonomic Association) are collaborating on a jointly-produced document with engagement from international HFE experts.

ABSTRACT. Almost everyone can experience motion sickness and one third of the population are highly susceptible. With growing development and popularity of technologies such as self-driving cars, simulators and virtual reality (VR), motion sickness management will be more of a consideration in the future than ever be-fore. People who are susceptible to motion sickness may not gain the full bene-fits of self-driving cars (e.g., increased productivity), have access to vocations involving significant simulator-based training (e.g., airplane pilots), or have ac-cess to the increased opportunities that VR headsets may bring (e.g., vocational training or job roles involving VR). Further, with demographic variance within susceptibility to motion sickness, it is known some demographic groups are far more susceptible to motion sickness than others (e.g., females vs. males), which further identifies an inclusivity aspect to these technologies. This report evidences the strong motivation towards the mitigation of motion sickness and dis-cusses the associated benefits. Working towards the objective of enhanced motion sickness management, this paper presents a new model to detail the onset of motion sickness syndrome and discusses the causal relationship between sensory conflict and the physiological and psychological effects of motion sick-ness. In doing so we identify within the existing literature many methods to-wards the management (both prevention and mitigation) of motion sickness and provide a direction for further study.

ABSTRACT. Unstructured and unregulated work is expanding fast among low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, accumulation of urban waste resulting from overconsumption is a global concern. Hence, waste management and recycling have received increased attention. One specific waste category pertaining to electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) is growing at a higher rate than other waste streams. Recycling of e-waste is largely informal and disproportionately relies on LMICs, exposing workers to various occupational and environmental health risks. In order to promote safer work practices and limit a broad range of occupational health and safety concerns associated with informal manual work, the broader psychosocial and sociocultural environment also deserves attention. This symposium will discuss contemporary issues in informal, unregulated, unstructured work in LMICs, primarily in Africa and South America. The goal of the symposium is to call attention to both, the unique occupational context of informal work, and the need for new ergonomics methods to address occupational exposure assessment and musculoskeletal injury prevention adapted to informal work in limited resource settings.

ABSTRACT. The unregulated and unorganized structure of informal electronic waste recycling worksites exposes workers to numerous occupational hazards. This context also presents research challenges in collecting exposure data to establish linkages with adverse health effects and development of risk-mitigating strategies. This paper presents some findings from a 5-year multinational and multi-institutional collaboration of academic and government partners, which documented extensive occupational and environmental health conditions at the Agbogbloshie electronic waste site in central Accra, Ghana.

ABSTRACT. Recycling of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) in developing countries is mostly conducted in the informal sector consisting of low skilled workers. Informal e-waste recycling predominantly involves the physically demanding work of manually collecting, dismantling and burning of e-waste items to extract reusable components and valuable metals including gold or copper. This cross-sectional study investigated the effects of manual e-waste recycling work on the musculoskeletal health of 176 workers at Agbogbloshie in Accra, Ghana – the largest informal e-waste dumpsite in Africa. Findings indicate significant associations between prolonged walking and weighted MSD symptom scores for the lower extremities, and between manual material handlings tasks and weighted MSD symptom scores for the upper extremities and lower back. The study calls attention to the need for ergonomics research in the informal work sector to pro-mote safer practices and address a range of worker health concerns.

ABSTRACT. This presentation highlights both methodological challenges and opportunities for the implementation of ergonomics in the informal economy from a South African perspective.

ABSTRACT. The world of work faces important and accelerated processes of change. Forces transforming it are diverse: an unstoppable development of cutting-edge technologies; fast evolution of productive processes; new types of non-standard, precarious employment; impacts of climate change as well as the strong effect on our lives from global biological risks like the COVID-19 pandemia.

ABSTRACT. The standards produced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) impact a large percentage of the global economy and can be a pathway to national standards and regulations. This workshop includes the latest developments in anthropometric data and models, environmental ergonomics, the use of the Revised NIOSH Lift Equation and updates to it in standards, agricultural ergonomics, standards related to human-systems interaction and autonomous and collaborative manufacturing systems.

ABSTRACT. Direct and continuous exposure measurement has posed challenges to human factors engineering (HFE) professionals when conducting risk assessments. However, emerging technologies have utility to automate elements of HFE assessment and strengthen opportunities for direct and continuous exposure measurement. Leading HFE researchers provide perspectives on how advances in technology and computing, including computer vision, machine learning and wearable sensors, can aid in the automation of exposure measurement to inform ergonomic assessment while also bolstering the opportunities for objective, data-driven insight. Drs. SangHyun Lee and Michael Sonne share perspectives on the development and validation of computer vision-based pose estimation approaches. Such pose estimation approaches allow HFE professions to record video data where software can convert video into a kinematic representation of a worker and then calculate corresponding joint angles without the need for any tedious posture matching, or additional post processing approaches. Dr. Cavuoto discusses how wearable technologies can unobtrusively measure kinematics in work, showcasing the potential of direct measurement, data-driven injury risk assessment. Finally, Dr. Gallagher showcases how data collected through automated approaches can be integrated with models to evaluate injury risk through a fatigue-failure injury mechanism pathway. In addition to showcasing how emerging technologies and approaches may enhance exposure and risk assessment in HFE, panelists also highlight anticipated challenges and barriers that need to be addressed to support more ubiquitous integration of such technologies into HFE assessment practice. The future for innovation and advancement in exposure measurement and assessment is bright.

ABSTRACT. The proposed panel will be composed of academic and field experts as well as students who are members of the Ergo@Large group, a sub-committee of the Association of Canadian Ergonomists (ACE).

ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was the experimentation with a hybrid approach for the evaluation of some workstations of 5 Tuscany manufacturing companies, with the aim of defining standard operating guidelines for the improvement of safety and usability of the industrial machinery and workstations, and to improve the working conditions of the operators of all ages. 3 mechanical companies and 2 fashion-leather companies took part in this study. 37 users with variable age, gender and experience were involved. The study, financed by INAIL Toscana, bases its scientific reliability on the integration of skill and methodologies of two different fields of ergonomics, such as occupational ergonomics (curated by INAIL) and Human-Centred Design (curated by LED). The heuristic approach involved the application of a series of methodologies and the direct participation of operators to assess, identify and explore possible problems and discrepancies from the point of view of human-workstation interaction and workers’ perceptions. The following methodologies have been used: User Observation, Thinking Aloud, Interview, Questionnaire, Workstation Observation and Work Environment Observation. The data emerged were compared and evaluated also in consideration of the results of the evaluation carried out by INAIL experts within the framework of Occupational Ergonomics. The use of this hybrid approach allowed the researchers to collect qualitative and quantitative data, such as opinions, thoughts, expectations and critical points experienced by operators, sometimes silent and hidden due to the low participation of the operators in the company decisions. This article shows the methodology used and the findings.

ABSTRACT. Several variables are associated with work ability (WA) and intention to leave the nursing profession (ILP), including adverse psychosocial factors at work and work activities. Support from organizations through appropriately targeted interventions may be useful to reduce intention to leave and declining work ability.

ABSTRACT. Background: The demographic change affects the retirement age, which has been postponed in many countries. Therefore, the number of senior employees is increasing in the world. However, managers’ attitudes towards their employees’ employability affect the employees’ possibilities regarding whether they can and want to work. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate managers’ attitudes towards their employees’ employability and what factors and measures that affect whether employees can and want to work in an extended working life. Method: The study population in this study consists of 249 municipality managers in Sweden, from a baseline investigation in a follow up study following the swAge-questionnaire. The data was analysed through the method of logistic regression. Results: 79% of the managers stated that their employees ‘can’ work and 58% that their employees ‘want to’ work until 65 years or older. Managers believed their employees’ health, physical work environment, skills and competence were associated to if they would be able to work until 65 years or older. Lack of support in the social work environment and lack of possibilities to arrange relocations if needed were associated to whether managers believed their employees want to work. Conclusions: The results indicate that the postponement the retirement age must be followed by measures in the employees’ work situation in order to decrease demands, increase rotation or change work tasks if needed, as well as increased possibilities to recuperate through reduced workload, reduced work pace and reduced working hours. The results will hopefully contribute to the understanding of needed organisational measures in the process of extending working life.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents the results of research aimed at understanding the in-crease in health problems among airline customer service agents in a context of multiple transformations: an overall aging population, downsizing, and the digitalization of the service relationship. This action-research combines a synchronic and diachronic approach to health/work relations in order to understand the occurrence of a health problem in a present situation while situating it in the evolution of working conditions and employees' career paths. The results analyze the tensions between work and worker transformations. These tensions arise from the way in which decision-makers manage change, considering digitalization only from the point of view of progress and ageing only from the point of view of decline. Consequently, these tensions produce an intensification of work depriving experienced employees of their strategies, built up over the course of their career, and which aim at the quality of the service relationship, preservation of health and safety. This prolonged exposure to constraints ultimately leads to the departure of former employees from their jobs. These results insist on integrating a participatory approach when introducing a new technology, which takes into account the real work and the skills - often tacit - that agents develop to deal with hazards, manage quality and preserve their health.

ABSTRACT. Alarm management is a set of processes and techniques aiming to enable alarm system to support operators for safer and more efficient operations. The consideration of the operational knowledge in the procedures stands as an opportunity and a challenge since it requires specific conditions. This article presents and discusses how the inclusion of debates about real work situations can contribute to the improvement of the solutions proposed by alarm management committees. Qualitative content analysis on meeting minutes and participant observation of an Alarm Management Committee using a report on real work information showed it was used on more than 60% of solutions applied to a gas transfer terminal, indicating a broad application and adoption. Yet, our findings suggest that the debates addressed alarms regarding variabilities and emerging strategies, and may consider entire subsystems instead of single alarms.

ABSTRACT. This communication reports the application of formative interventions aimed at developing the activity of research in accidents prevention and diseases at work in two research groups from two countries, Brazil and France. The learning challenges and learning outcomes of the interventions are analyzed using an Activity Theoretical approach.

ABSTRACT. Work simulation is a strategy to integrate work knowledge into the design pro-cess. Although it a recurrent approach among ergonomists, few paper present in-formation on simulation preparation and the material used. This paper presents a work simulation planning to support forensic ballistics packaging for evidence collected in the crime scene. The study was conducted with the forensic police department of a statue Brazilian Civil police. Because of the COVID-19 pandem-ic restrictions, the ergonomist had to restrict their interaction with workers to re-mote meetings. Based on the initial field study interrupted by the pandemic and remote discussions on work constraints, the ergonomist team develop a design for ballistic evidence packaging and prepared a simulation to test it. The simula-tion plan presented englobes different materials, intermediary objects designed, workgroup composition. Also is shown the general dynamics, including rules, points of interest, and typical action situations selected for work simulation.

ABSTRACT. This communication aimed at identifying the different classes of microproject, a specific type of situated design performed by users facing an unpredictable situation of great uncer-tainty. Our hypothesis is that microprojects work differently, depending on the hetero-genous actors and the intermediary objects involved. The research presented three case studies carried out on oil extraction platforms in Brazil, focusing on cargo-handling work. Each case presented unique characteristics, which were analyzed and compared in order to understand the situated design process comprehensively. It was observed that the situated design process has different characteristics depending on the level of interdependence of actors involved in solving the problem. The greater the distance between the realms of the actors involved in the design, the greater the need for formal decision procedures and the use of intermediary objects in situated design. Therefore, design must provide material (equipment, zones, routes) and immaterial (competences, intermediary objects) resources for action and for the situated design.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study wants to discuss the differences in optimal illumination and relaxation effects for different genders. This study analysis the changes of their physiological response explore the relationship between the relaxing effects. The results have found that the relaxation illumination effects are different in each gender and male feel more relax than females in the relaxed lighting.

ABSTRACT. 3D TV has been a trending topic in visual ergonomics over the decade. It is a new platform to enhance the perceived quality in the home-based environment and eye tracker has been extensively utilized to evaluate the eye gaze accuracy and symptoms. The purpose of this study was to explore the new eye movement measures that can be significant predictors for eye gaze accuracy and symptoms in 3D TV. 12 participants were voluntary recruited to perform multidirectional Fitts’ Law task in 2D and 3D TV using within-subject design under 6 levels of index of difficulty (ID). Error rate was calculated and explored as a new eye movement measure that can predict eye gaze accuracy and symptoms. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated error rate was found to be the best predictor for symptoms and eye gaze accuracy. This study is one of the first studies that utilized SEM to evaluate the causal relationships between eye movement measures, eye gaze accuracy, and symptoms simultaneously. The derived SEM would be very beneficial for visual ergonom-ics researchers, virtual reality developers, and even electrical engineers.

ABSTRACT. Unfavorable glare disruption may cause inefficient performance and human errors. This study investigates the contrast vision in critical light transitions cross ages. The findings can be applied in existing work places, providing more safe, productive, comfortable, and effective human use in ergonomics concerns.

ABSTRACT. With the advance of technology, point light sources have become popular in tunnel lighting. Point light sources may generate flicker, putting drivers at risk to suffer from photosensitive epileptic seizures, visual discomfort, and from a reduced driving performance. It is therefore important to evaluate experimentally the effects of tunnel light flicker on drivers and to evaluate the appropriateness of standards addressing flicker of tunnel lighting.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. In today’s strict business environments, one key success factor for a platform display company seems to be making a product be different from those sold by other competing companies. The differentiator should be not only a functional one such as visibility, but also symbolic/experiential one such as im-pressions/aesthetics perceived. Considering this, effective/efficient evaluations of visibility, impressions and aesthetics that can be performed rapidly and easily are required. The objective of the present paper is to develop a pragmatic needs-oriented evaluation method to examine platform displays’ visibility, impressions and aesthetics, which is scientifically rigorous yet also very simple and time-saving, and therefore acceptable for practitioners. By breaking down the needs of a company’s need, multiple dimensions of evaluations were elicited. By performing a series of experiments, the multiple dimensional evaluations of visibility, impressions and aesthetics of a new product as well as its competing products were carried out. Results of each dimension as well as feasibility of the analysis procedure are discussed.

ABSTRACT. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has placed restrictions on travel and access to workplaces within Australia, people are still working, often from home, and may experience visual ergonomics issues associated with their work. This paper presents two case examples of visual ergonomics assessments conducted virtually: one for a large office where there were reports of reflected glare on computer displays, and another for a self-employed work-er who experienced headaches associated with the lighting in her home office. In both cases it was not possible to conduct an onsite assessment due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. The cases demonstrate that virtual visual ergonomics assessments can be successful (1) if a triage is conducted prior to the assessment to confirm that the strategy is suitable, and (2) if there is good collaboration between the ergonomist and the worker during the assessment. A virtual assessment may also confer considerable financial savings to the workplace. In the case examples presented in this paper it was possible to observe the nature of the presenting problem and provide advice to mitigate the issue. It is not possible to report compliance with lighting standards without measuring the lighting in-situ.

ABSTRACT. Through a hybrid design model that fuses key elements of the Total Design and User Centered Design approach and focusing on the safety of the child in and out of the water, cooperative socialization and a timeless life cycle as main design as-pects, we developed a terrestrial-aquatic ride on toy proposal which generates feelings of attachment, unforgettable memories and an emotional bond with the product. Playing is extremely essential for fulfilling early childhood development needs and ride on toys promote a complete socialization in early stages. We ac-complished all design requirements with this new hybrid design methodology centered both in the user and in the functional value of the product; resulting in a product that enhances a strong emotional bond and a better life cycle, achieving a desirable, useful and valuable product

ABSTRACT. In this work we start from the idea that an isolated design methodology cannot be used with the purpose of simultaneously ensure usability outcomes and technical feasibility results. Since mountable toys are among the most used by young chil-dren nowadays, they were chosen to be the product that serves to validate how to apply a hybrid design method, using both User Centered Design and Total De-sign methodologies combined in an orderly and systematic process that can be replicated in future product design or redesign processes that seek, at the same time, to generate desirable products that match the needs of users, and that meet functionality standards.

ABSTRACT. SUMMATIVE STATEMENT: This paper addresses the exploration of design opportunities for artefacts and spaces enabling positive user experience (UX) in flexible offices together with relevant actors from a European office furniture producer.

ABSTRACT. SUMMATIVE STATEMENT: This study discusses the investigation of how both cognitive and affective factors bring impact on the usability. Which one is more dominant, whether it is cognition or affect? Eye tracking analysis is utilized to validate problems related to display. Proposed improvement strategies and practical contributions are discussed.