ICEC 2020: 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS 2020

This page contains an index consisting of author-provided keywords.

5
5G	Design of an electromechanical relay for 5G power supply application which withstand high lightning-stroke-current
A
a-spots	Elastic Rough Surface Contact and the Root Mean Square Slope of Measured Surfaces
AC3	The Impact of Arcing (AC3) on the Contact Resistance Behavior of Ag/SnO2
active triggering
actor low voltage fuse	Switchgear Combination of Pyrotechnic Switch and Fuse
Actuator	Investigation and optimization of a hybrid circuit breaker for low- and medium-voltage DC-Grids
Ag graphite Brush	Electrical and mechanical wear of a graphite brush having varying silver content in a slip-ring system
Ag-based refractory electrical contact materials	Understanding the correlation between performance, properties and microstructure of Ag based contact tips
Ag-Plating	Silver Plating for Connectors - The right combination of new gal-vanic Silver processes and anti–tarnishes
Ag/SnO2	The Impact of Arcing (AC3) on the Contact Resistance Behavior of Ag/SnO2
AgSnO2	Arc Re-striking Phenomena in Break Operations of AgSnO2 Contacts in Inductive DC Load Conditions up to 20V-17A under External Magnetic Field Study on the Arc Erosion Characteristic and Mechanism of AgSnO2 Used in the Simulated Conditions of Automotive Relay Effects of arc during mechanical bounces on contact material for different power supply frequencies
Alloy Design	Alloy Development in the CuNiAl System for High Strength Materials
aluminium	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
Aluminium conductor	Investigations into the Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Conductors in Connectors for Plastic-Insulated High-Voltage Cables with large Cross-Sections using the Finite Element Method
aluminum	Calculations and metallographic investigations on the growth of Al2O3-layers in bimetallic contacts
analytic	Numerical arc simulations of radiatively-induced PMMA nozzle wall ablation
Anode Fall	Remarks Concerning Arc Roots in CFD Modeling of Switching Arcs
anode phenomena	Influence of electrode material properties on the anode phenomena in switching vacuum arcs
anode spot	Influence of electrode material properties on the anode phenomena in switching vacuum arcs
Anti-tarnishes	Silver Plating for Connectors - The right combination of new gal-vanic Silver processes and anti–tarnishes
Arc	Arc Evolution Process Considering the Motion of Moving Contact in DC Circuit Breaker
arc behaviour	Spectroscopic investigation of the DC-arc in gas filled contactors under external magnetic fields regarding the effects on the arc-plasma properties
Arc Characteristics	Research on Arc Characteristics of Different Arc Extinguishing Medium Used in DC Contactor
arc diagnosis	Study of Arcing Processes in Circuit Breakers by Means of Spatially Resolved Magnetic Field Recordings
arc discharge	Influence of Load Current and Breaking Velocity on Arc Discharge at Breaking of Electrical Contacts Threshold Current of Arc-Free Commutation For Copper-Carbon Contact in a DC Hybrid Switch
arc duration	Influence of Load Current and Breaking Velocity on Arc Discharge at Breaking of Electrical Contacts
Arc energy	Influence of Load Current and Breaking Velocity on Arc Discharge at Breaking of Electrical Contacts Arc Re-striking Phenomena in Break Operations of AgSnO2 Contacts in Inductive DC Load Conditions up to 20V-17A under External Magnetic Field Effects of arc during mechanical bounces on contact material for different power supply frequencies
Arc Erosion	Study on the Arc Erosion Characteristic and Mechanism of AgSnO2 Used in the Simulated Conditions of Automotive Relay
Arc Extinction	Recovery of Short AC Switching Arcs – An Old Principle Newly Investigated
Arc Extinguishing	Research on Arc Characteristics of Different Arc Extinguishing Medium Used in DC Contactor
Arc Fault	Series Arc Fault Modelling in Photovoltaic Resistive Systems PV Arc Fault Diagnosis and Modeling Methods: State of the Art and Perspectives
Arc fault interruption	Series Electric Plasma Discharges of Failing Contacts up to 10 A at Various Materials
Arc plasma	Series Electric Plasma Discharges of Failing Contacts up to 10 A at Various Materials
Arc Reingnition	Effects of arc during mechanical bounces on contact material for different power supply frequencies
Arc Simulation	Remarks Concerning Arc Roots in CFD Modeling of Switching Arcs Surge protection device digital prototyping
Arc simulations	Numerical arc simulations of radiatively-induced PMMA nozzle wall ablation
arc-free commutation	Hybrid DC switch with a Four-block Copper-Based Tungsten Contact Threshold Current of Arc-Free Commutation For Copper-Carbon Contact in a DC Hybrid Switch
arcing contacts	Contact Materials for Electromechanical Devices – Established Technologies and Improvements to Face Future Requirements Impact of pre-strike arc on contacts degradation after short circuit current making operation in medium voltage air load break switches
Arcing on PCBs and plug connectors	Failure- and degradation mechanisms in plug connectors
Asymmetrical	Durability of some asymmetrical contact pairs for connector application
automotive	The silver anti-tarnish affecting the electrical stability of automotive terminals
Automotive Applications	Where would we be without contacts? Automotive trends and impact on electromechanical componentss
Automotive connectors	Study of vibration transfer in automotive connectors for understanding of fretting corrosion damage
automotive relay	Study on the Arc Erosion Characteristic and Mechanism of AgSnO2 Used in the Simulated Conditions of Automotive Relay Thermal simulation based on fluid-solid coupling method demonstrated on an Automotive Relay
automotive safety	Modelling the switching behavior of pyrofuses for the protection of electric cars based on measurement data
B
Bimetal	Study on Thermoelastic Deformation of Bimetal Sheets in Miniature Circuit Breakers
bimetallic connection	Calculations and metallographic investigations on the growth of Al2O3-layers in bimetallic contacts
bolted joint	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
Brass	The Effect of Relative Humidity on the Diffusion of Brass Elements Through Tin Plating
Break arc	Arc Re-striking Phenomena in Break Operations of AgSnO2 Contacts in Inductive DC Load Conditions up to 20V-17A under External Magnetic Field
Brush wear	Relationship between sliding surface roughness of slip ring and amount of brush wear in slip ring system Electrical and mechanical wear of a graphite brush having varying silver content in a slip-ring system
Bypass relay	New Switching Technology for DC Grids
C
C26000	The Effect of Relative Humidity on the Diffusion of Brass Elements Through Tin Plating
C27400	The Effect of Relative Humidity on the Diffusion of Brass Elements Through Tin Plating
calculation model	Calculations and metallographic investigations on the growth of Al2O3-layers in bimetallic contacts
capacitor bank
carbon film	Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Carbon Film on Frictional Surface of Contact Wire
card edge connectors	Reliability Improvement of Gold Plated Contacts in Card Edge Connector of Power Cabinet
Cathode Fall	Remarks Concerning Arc Roots in CFD Modeling of Switching Arcs
CFD	Remarks Concerning Arc Roots in CFD Modeling of Switching Arcs
chopping current	The effect of WC/Ag contact material composition on chopping currents in MV contactors
Circuit Breaker	Study of Arcing Processes in Circuit Breakers by Means of Spatially Resolved Magnetic Field Recordings Arc Evolution Process Considering the Motion of Moving Contact in DC Circuit Breaker Simulations of switching devices on the example of a Circuit Breaker - the knowns, the unknowns and the way ahead
circuit breakers	Circuit Control Development since the First International Conference on Electrical Contacts (1961 to 2020)
classic electromechanical switchgear	Future of Electromechanical Switchgear
Clearance	Robust and Efficient Software-based 3D Clearance and Creepage Analysis
coating	Special connector requirements call for specific contact coatings: new silver alloys show characteristics never seen before A Cu/Sn Multilayer System and its Fretting Corrosion Behavior
cold welding	Investigations on cold welding and galling of various connector platings
commutation circuit	Determination of dielectric recovery characteristic of a pyro switch in commutation circuit
Compacting	Experimental Setup of a Process Chain for Contacting Litz Wires for Electrical Drives Influencing Factors for the Ultrasonic Compacting Process of Insulated Litz Wires for Electrical Drives
compatibility	Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications
Compression test	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
compressive yield point	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
Computer-Aided Development	Simulation-based Development of a Line Lightning Protection Device
conducting element
conducting tube
Connector	Durability of some asymmetrical contact pairs for connector application Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications
connector contact	Special connector requirements call for specific contact coatings: new silver alloys show characteristics never seen before
Connector Contact Impedance	Analysis of HDMI 2.1 Mated Connector Contact Boundary Impedance Impacts on a High-speed Digital System Performance
connector plating	Investigations on cold welding and galling of various connector platings
connector tube
Connectors	The silver anti-tarnish affecting the electrical stability of automotive terminals Silver Plating for Connectors - The right combination of new gal-vanic Silver processes and anti–tarnishes Thermal Equivalent Circuits: An Approach to Rate High-Power Connectors for Electric Mobility Applications Investigation of the contact resistance as a function of the temperature for connectors and wire terminals
Contact area	Investigations into the Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Conductors in Connectors for Plastic-Insulated High-Voltage Cables with large Cross-Sections using the Finite Element Method
contact elements	Recommendations for Testing the Short Circuit Behaviour of Power Plug-In Connectors
contact finish	Highly durable silver-based physically deposited contact finish for the application in socket connectors
contact force	A novel experimental evaluation method of welding characteristics for contact materials
contact material	The effect of WC/Ag contact material composition on chopping currents in MV contactors The Impact of Arcing (AC3) on the Contact Resistance Behavior of Ag/SnO2 Contact Materials for Electromechanical Devices – Established Technologies and Improvements to Face Future Requirements
contact materials	The Development of Sputtered Contact Systems Replacing Electroplated Systems in Reed Switch Applications Effects of arc during mechanical bounces on contact material for different power supply frequencies
contact points	Recommendations for Testing the Short Circuit Behaviour of Power Plug-In Connectors
Contact pressure	Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications Investigations into the Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Conductors in Connectors for Plastic-Insulated High-Voltage Cables with large Cross-Sections using the Finite Element Method
contact resistance	Influence of red phosphorous flame retarded plastic materials on relay contacts and electronic components Elastic Rough Surface Contact and the Root Mean Square Slope of Measured Surfaces Highly durable silver-based physically deposited contact finish for the application in socket connectors SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer Tribology of electrical sliding contacts Influence of PFPE lubricant modifications on tribo-electrical properties of a tin contact system Investigation of the contact resistance as a function of the temperature for connectors and wire terminals
contact strip	Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Carbon Film on Frictional Surface of Contact Wire
Contact Voltage Drop	Electrical and mechanical wear of a graphite brush having varying silver content in a slip-ring system
Contact Welding	A novel experimental evaluation method of welding characteristics for contact materials Effects of arc during mechanical bounces on contact material for different power supply frequencies
contact wire	Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Carbon Film on Frictional Surface of Contact Wire
Contacting	Experimental Setup of a Process Chain for Contacting Litz Wires for Electrical Drives Influencing Factors for the Ultrasonic Compacting Process of Insulated Litz Wires for Electrical Drives
Contactor	The Impact of Arcing (AC3) on the Contact Resistance Behavior of Ag/SnO2
contactors	Circuit Control Development since the First International Conference on Electrical Contacts (1961 to 2020)
contacts	Optimization of current carrying connections under STC test conditions Threshold Current of Arc-Free Commutation For Copper-Carbon Contact in a DC Hybrid Switch
Contacts erosion	Impact of pre-strike arc on contacts degradation after short circuit current making operation in medium voltage air load break switches
Contaminations	Investigation of the contact resistance as a function of the temperature for connectors and wire terminals
controlled loads	Switching and Circuit Protection in DC Grids
copper	Alloy Development in the CuNiAl System for High Strength Materials Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
Corrosion	Research on the Corrosion Phenomenon of Iron Parts in the Internal Micro-environment of Relay
countervoltage
Cr(III)	Silver Plating for Connectors - The right combination of new gal-vanic Silver processes and anti–tarnishes
Creepage	Robust and Efficient Software-based 3D Clearance and Creepage Analysis
Cu-Cr	Effect of contact materials process and test features on welding tendencies of vacuum interrupters during short time current test
Cu-ETP	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
Cu-W clad electrical contact	Hybrid DC switch with a Four-block Copper-Based Tungsten Contact
CuCr	Influence of electrode material properties on the anode phenomena in switching vacuum arcs
Current commutation	New Switching Technology for DC Grids
Current Zero	Recovery of Short AC Switching Arcs – An Old Principle Newly Investigated
D
DC Contactor	Research on Arc Characteristics of Different Arc Extinguishing Medium Used in DC Contactor
DC grids	Switching and Circuit Protection in DC Grids
DC-Grids	Investigation and optimization of a hybrid circuit breaker for low- and medium-voltage DC-Grids
DC-short-circuit interruption	Determination of dielectric recovery characteristic of a pyro switch in commutation circuit
debris	Research on Ultrasonic Testing Technology for Wear Debris Caused by Fretting Wear of Electrical Connectors
derating	Thermal Equivalent Circuits: An Approach to Rate High-Power Connectors for Electric Mobility Applications
design	Future of Electromechanical Switchgear
Detonator
dielectric recovery characteristic	Determination of dielectric recovery characteristic of a pyro switch in commutation circuit
digital prototyping	Surge protection device digital prototyping
Discoloration	The Effect of Relative Humidity on the Diffusion of Brass Elements Through Tin Plating
Durability	Durability of some asymmetrical contact pairs for connector application
durable	Highly durable silver-based physically deposited contact finish for the application in socket connectors
E
EED
Electric arc	Electric Arc Reconstruction from Magnetic Field
Electric Arc Simulation	Simulation-based Development of a Line Lightning Protection Device
Electric Contact	Study on the Arc Erosion Characteristic and Mechanism of AgSnO2 Used in the Simulated Conditions of Automotive Relay
Electric drive	Experimental Setup of a Process Chain for Contacting Litz Wires for Electrical Drives Influencing Factors for the Ultrasonic Compacting Process of Insulated Litz Wires for Electrical Drives
Electric mobility	Thermal Equivalent Circuits: An Approach to Rate High-Power Connectors for Electric Mobility Applications
electric protection	Modelling the switching behavior of pyrofuses for the protection of electric cars based on measurement data
Electrical and mechanical coupling	Electrically-functionalised nanoindenter integrated in-situ in a Scanning Electron Microscope : case studies
electrical connector	Research on Ultrasonic Testing Technology for Wear Debris Caused by Fretting Wear of Electrical Connectors
Electrical connectors	An innovative silver-based coating system with high wear resistance for electrical connectors
Electrical contact	Effect of contact materials process and test features on welding tendencies of vacuum interrupters during short time current test Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
electrical contacts	Influence of Load Current and Breaking Velocity on Arc Discharge at Breaking of Electrical Contacts Investigations on Different Joining Techniques Regarding Current-carrying Joints with Normal Conducting Material and YBCO Coated Conductors at low temperatures Impact of pre-strike arc on contacts degradation after short circuit current making operation in medium voltage air load break switches The mathematical model of a short arc at the blow-off repulsion of electrical contacts during the transition from metallic phase to gaseous phase
electrical sliding contact	Tribology of electrical sliding contacts
electro explosive device (EED)
Electrodynamic force	Effect of contact materials process and test features on welding tendencies of vacuum interrupters during short time current test
Electromagnetic Compatibility	Analysis of HDMI 2.1 Mated Connector Contact Boundary Impedance Impacts on a High-speed Digital System Performance
Electromechanical components	Where would we be without contacts? Automotive trends and impact on electromechanical componentss
electromechanical devices	Contact Materials for Electromechanical Devices – Established Technologies and Improvements to Face Future Requirements
Electron Beam surface	Volumetric erosion of a structured electrical contact surface using X-Ray Computed Tomography.
electroplating	The Development of Sputtered Contact Systems Replacing Electroplated Systems in Reed Switch Applications
elliptical asperity	An improved method to identify the evolution of rough surface contact by the elliptical asperity
emergency switching
equivalant circuits	Thermal Equivalent Circuits: An Approach to Rate High-Power Connectors for Electric Mobility Applications
external magnetic fields	Spectroscopic investigation of the DC-arc in gas filled contactors under external magnetic fields regarding the effects on the arc-plasma properties
F
Fast camera observations	Measurement and study of arc noise fluctuation by fast camera observations
FEA	Press-fit Whiskers Risk Assessment by Simulation
FEM	Recommendations for Testing the Short Circuit Behaviour of Power Plug-In Connectors Study on Thermoelastic Deformation of Bimetal Sheets in Miniature Circuit Breakers Research on virtual prototyping technology of dynamic characteristics for a type of hermetically sealed electromagnetic relay
FEM Simulation	Investigations into the Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Conductors in Connectors for Plastic-Insulated High-Voltage Cables with large Cross-Sections using the Finite Element Method
film	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
finite element analysis	Press-fit Whiskers Risk Assessment by Simulation
finite volume method (FVM)	Surge protection device digital prototyping
finite-element method	An improved method to identify the evolution of rough surface contact by the elliptical asperity
flame retardant	Influence of red phosphorous flame retarded plastic materials on relay contacts and electronic components
fluid-solid coupling	Thermal simulation based on fluid-solid coupling method demonstrated on an Automotive Relay
Fretting	Durability of some asymmetrical contact pairs for connector application SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
Fretting corrosion	Study of vibration transfer in automotive connectors for understanding of fretting corrosion damage A Cu/Sn Multilayer System and its Fretting Corrosion Behavior
fretting wear	Research on Ultrasonic Testing Technology for Wear Debris Caused by Fretting Wear of Electrical Connectors
friction coefficient	Highly durable silver-based physically deposited contact finish for the application in socket connectors
fuses	Modelling the switching behavior of pyrofuses for the protection of electric cars based on measurement data
G
galling	Investigations on cold welding and galling of various connector platings
gas circulation	Surge protection device digital prototyping
gas filled contactors	Spectroscopic investigation of the DC-arc in gas filled contactors under external magnetic fields regarding the effects on the arc-plasma properties
gas insulated switchgear	Optimization of current carrying connections under STC test conditions
Gas Medium	Research on Arc Characteristics of Different Arc Extinguishing Medium Used in DC Contactor
gas-insulated switchgear	Qualification of Power Contacts in High-Voltage Products for IEC 115 °C Limit Temperature
GCS	Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications
generator circuit breaker	Qualification of Power Contacts in High-Voltage Products for IEC 115 °C Limit Temperature
Glowing contact	Series Electric Plasma Discharges of Failing Contacts up to 10 A at Various Materials
Gold	Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications
gold fingers on PCB	Reliability Improvement of Gold Plated Contacts in Card Edge Connector of Power Cabinet
gold plating	Reliability Improvement of Gold Plated Contacts in Card Edge Connector of Power Cabinet
grain growth	Microstructural evolution of Ag/MeO contact materials and influ-ence on mechanical properties
Graphite Brush	Relationship between sliding surface roughness of slip ring and amount of brush wear in slip ring system
grease	Qualification of Power Contacts in High-Voltage Products for IEC 115 °C Limit Temperature
H
hall sensor array	Study of Arcing Processes in Circuit Breakers by Means of Spatially Resolved Magnetic Field Recordings
Hardness	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems Investigation of the contact resistance as a function of the temperature for connectors and wire terminals
Hardness Testing	Alloy Development in the CuNiAl System for High Strength Materials
HDMI 2.1 Standard	Analysis of HDMI 2.1 Mated Connector Contact Boundary Impedance Impacts on a High-speed Digital System Performance
heat dissipation analysis	Thermal simulation based on fluid-solid coupling method demonstrated on an Automotive Relay
Hertz stress	Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications
high power	Thermal Equivalent Circuits: An Approach to Rate High-Power Connectors for Electric Mobility Applications
High speed filming	Series Electric Plasma Discharges of Failing Contacts up to 10 A at Various Materials
High Strength	Alloy Development in the CuNiAl System for High Strength Materials
high temperature	Special connector requirements call for specific contact coatings: new silver alloys show characteristics never seen before
High Voltage	SF6 alternative gases and future switching arc research
High wear resistance	An innovative silver-based coating system with high wear resistance for electrical connectors
High-voltage connectors	Investigations into the Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Conductors in Connectors for Plastic-Insulated High-Voltage Cables with large Cross-Sections using the Finite Element Method
Holm force	Design of an electromechanical relay for 5G power supply application which withstand high lightning-stroke-current
HSER	Research on virtual prototyping technology of dynamic characteristics for a type of hermetically sealed electromagnetic relay
Hybrid	Investigation and optimization of a hybrid circuit breaker for low- and medium-voltage DC-Grids
Hybrid circuit breaker	New Switching Technology for DC Grids
Hybrid DC switch	Hybrid DC switch with a Four-block Copper-Based Tungsten Contact Threshold Current of Arc-Free Commutation For Copper-Carbon Contact in a DC Hybrid Switch
hybrid switching	Switching and Circuit Protection in DC Grids
hydrogen	Spectroscopic investigation of the DC-arc in gas filled contactors under external magnetic fields regarding the effects on the arc-plasma properties
I
IEC60664	Robust and Efficient Software-based 3D Clearance and Creepage Analysis
Immediate Recovery	Recovery of Short AC Switching Arcs – An Old Principle Newly Investigated
Innovation	Where would we be without contacts? Automotive trends and impact on electromechanical componentss
instrumentation	Circuit Control Development since the First International Conference on Electrical Contacts (1961 to 2020)
interface	Microstructural evolution of Ag/MeO contact materials and influ-ence on mechanical properties
Internal arc faults	Investigations of the Possibility of Limiting the Hazard due to Internal Arc Faults in Medium Voltage Switchgears
Inverse problem	Electric Arc Reconstruction from Magnetic Field
Iron	Research on the Corrosion Phenomenon of Iron Parts in the Internal Micro-environment of Relay
J
joining technologies	Investigations on Different Joining Techniques Regarding Current-carrying Joints with Normal Conducting Material and YBCO Coated Conductors at low temperatures
joint resistance	Investigations on Different Joining Techniques Regarding Current-carrying Joints with Normal Conducting Material and YBCO Coated Conductors at low temperatures Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
L
Large conductor cross-sections	Investigations into the Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Conductors in Connectors for Plastic-Insulated High-Voltage Cables with large Cross-Sections using the Finite Element Method
Laser welding	Experimental Setup of a Process Chain for Contacting Litz Wires for Electrical Drives
lightning current arrester	Surge protection device digital prototyping
Lightning Protection	Simulation-based Development of a Line Lightning Protection Device
Litz wire	Experimental Setup of a Process Chain for Contacting Litz Wires for Electrical Drives Influencing Factors for the Ultrasonic Compacting Process of Insulated Litz Wires for Electrical Drives
Load Break Switch (LBS)	Impact of pre-strike arc on contacts degradation after short circuit current making operation in medium voltage air load break switches
long-term behavior	Calculations and metallographic investigations on the growth of Al2O3-layers in bimetallic contacts
Lorentz force	Design of an electromechanical relay for 5G power supply application which withstand high lightning-stroke-current
low temperature	Investigations on Different Joining Techniques Regarding Current-carrying Joints with Normal Conducting Material and YBCO Coated Conductors at low temperatures
low voltage	Future of Electromechanical Switchgear
Low voltage switching	Silver based contact system enabling extremly low and stable contact resistance in mini thermal cut off devices
low-voltage circuit breaker	Understanding the correlation between performance, properties and microstructure of Ag based contact tips
Lubrication	Tribology of electrical sliding contacts Influence of PFPE lubricant modifications on tribo-electrical properties of a tin contact system
M
Magnetic blowing	Arc Re-striking Phenomena in Break Operations of AgSnO2 Contacts in Inductive DC Load Conditions up to 20V-17A under External Magnetic Field
magnetic blowout	Influence of Load Current and Breaking Velocity on Arc Discharge at Breaking of Electrical Contacts
magnetic camera	Study of Arcing Processes in Circuit Breakers by Means of Spatially Resolved Magnetic Field Recordings
Magnetic measurements	Electric Arc Reconstruction from Magnetic Field
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)	Surge protection device digital prototyping
mathematical modeling	The mathematical model of a short arc at the blow-off repulsion of electrical contacts during the transition from metallic phase to gaseous phase
mechanical property	Microstructural evolution of Ag/MeO contact materials and influ-ence on mechanical properties
Medium Voltage (MV)	Impact of pre-strike arc on contacts degradation after short circuit current making operation in medium voltage air load break switches
Medium Voltage Switchgear	Investigations of the Possibility of Limiting the Hazard due to Internal Arc Faults in Medium Voltage Switchgears
metallographic analysis	Understanding the correlation between performance, properties and microstructure of Ag based contact tips
Micro-environment	Research on the Corrosion Phenomenon of Iron Parts in the Internal Micro-environment of Relay
microstructure evolution	Microstructural evolution of Ag/MeO contact materials and influ-ence on mechanical properties
Miniature circuit breaker	Study on Thermoelastic Deformation of Bimetal Sheets in Miniature Circuit Breakers
Modal analysis	Study of vibration transfer in automotive connectors for understanding of fretting corrosion damage
model-based factorial analysis	Switching and Circuit Protection in DC Grids
Modeling	Study of vibration transfer in automotive connectors for understanding of fretting corrosion damage PV Arc Fault Diagnosis and Modeling Methods: State of the Art and Perspectives
modelling	Recommendations for Testing the Short Circuit Behaviour of Power Plug-In Connectors Series Arc Fault Modelling in Photovoltaic Resistive Systems Simulations of switching devices on the example of a Circuit Breaker - the knowns, the unknowns and the way ahead
modified arc root model	Surge protection device digital prototyping
Multilayer	A Cu/Sn Multilayer System and its Fretting Corrosion Behavior
MV contactor	The effect of WC/Ag contact material composition on chopping currents in MV contactors
N
native oxide	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
New technologies	SF6 alternative gases and future switching arc research
Noble and oxidised metals	Electrically-functionalised nanoindenter integrated in-situ in a Scanning Electron Microscope : case studies
Noble coated slip ring	Effect on Brush Electrification Mechanism Associated with Various Ag Content of Ag Graphite Brushes.
noise	Tribology of electrical sliding contacts
noise fluctuations	Measurement and study of arc noise fluctuation by fast camera observations
nozzle flow	Numerical arc simulations of radiatively-induced PMMA nozzle wall ablation
Numerical modelling	Electrically-functionalised nanoindenter integrated in-situ in a Scanning Electron Microscope : case studies
numerical simulation	Switchgear Combination of Pyrotechnic Switch and Fuse
O
O 1s	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
ODT	The silver anti-tarnish affecting the electrical stability of automotive terminals
Optical surface profile	Volumetric erosion of a structured electrical contact surface using X-Ray Computed Tomography.
optimization	Research on virtual prototyping technology of dynamic characteristics for a type of hermetically sealed electromagnetic relay Optimization of current carrying connections under STC test conditions Investigation and optimization of a hybrid circuit breaker for low- and medium-voltage DC-Grids
Overhead Line Protection	Simulation-based Development of a Line Lightning Protection Device
oxygen	Calculations and metallographic investigations on the growth of Al2O3-layers in bimetallic contacts
P
Palladium-Nickel	Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications
Palladium-nickel plating	Durability of some asymmetrical contact pairs for connector application
pantograph	Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Carbon Film on Frictional Surface of Contact Wire
passivation	The silver anti-tarnish affecting the electrical stability of automotive terminals
passive switching
passive triggering
phosphorous	Influence of red phosphorous flame retarded plastic materials on relay contacts and electronic components
physical deposition	Highly durable silver-based physically deposited contact finish for the application in socket connectors
Plating	Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
plug connector derating	Failure- and degradation mechanisms in plug connectors
plug connector failures	Failure- and degradation mechanisms in plug connectors
plug connector overload	Failure- and degradation mechanisms in plug connectors
plug connector reliability	Failure- and degradation mechanisms in plug connectors
plug connectors on PCBs	Failure- and degradation mechanisms in plug connectors
plug-in connector	Recommendations for Testing the Short Circuit Behaviour of Power Plug-In Connectors
power contact	Qualification of Power Contacts in High-Voltage Products for IEC 115 °C Limit Temperature
powerfuse
preload force	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
press-fit	Tin Free Solutions Against Whisker Growth in Press-Fit Applications Press-fit Whiskers Risk Assessment by Simulation
PTFE-additivated PFPE	Influence of PFPE lubricant modifications on tribo-electrical properties of a tin contact system
pulse current	Recommendations for Testing the Short Circuit Behaviour of Power Plug-In Connectors
PV	Series Arc Fault Modelling in Photovoltaic Resistive Systems PV Arc Fault Diagnosis and Modeling Methods: State of the Art and Perspectives
PyroGlobe GmbH
pyroswitch
pyrotechnic switch	Switchgear Combination of Pyrotechnic Switch and Fuse
pyrotechnical disconnector	Determination of dielectric recovery characteristic of a pyro switch in commutation circuit
pyrotechnics	Modelling the switching behavior of pyrofuses for the protection of electric cars based on measurement data
Q
Qualification tests	Influence of PFPE lubricant modifications on tribo-electrical properties of a tin contact system
R
radiation-induced ablation	Numerical arc simulations of radiatively-induced PMMA nozzle wall ablation
radiative heat transfer	Numerical arc simulations of radiatively-induced PMMA nozzle wall ablation
Raman spectroscopy	Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Carbon Film on Frictional Surface of Contact Wire
re-ignition	Surge protection device digital prototyping
Re-striking	Arc Re-striking Phenomena in Break Operations of AgSnO2 Contacts in Inductive DC Load Conditions up to 20V-17A under External Magnetic Field
real contact area	An improved method to identify the evolution of rough surface contact by the elliptical asperity
Reed switches	The Development of Sputtered Contact Systems Replacing Electroplated Systems in Reed Switch Applications
Reignition Voltage	Recovery of Short AC Switching Arcs – An Old Principle Newly Investigated
relaxation	Qualification of Power Contacts in High-Voltage Products for IEC 115 °C Limit Temperature
Relay	Research on the Corrosion Phenomenon of Iron Parts in the Internal Micro-environment of Relay
relays	Circuit Control Development since the First International Conference on Electrical Contacts (1961 to 2020)
reliability	The silver anti-tarnish affecting the electrical stability of automotive terminals Reliability Improvement of Gold Plated Contacts in Card Edge Connector of Power Cabinet
Reliability of of silver-based contact Systems	Silver based contact system enabling extremly low and stable contact resistance in mini thermal cut off devices
Resistive-Nanoindentation	Electrically-functionalised nanoindenter integrated in-situ in a Scanning Electron Microscope : case studies
risk assessment	Press-fit Whiskers Risk Assessment by Simulation
rough surface	Elastic Rough Surface Contact and the Root Mean Square Slope of Measured Surfaces
Roughness	Relationship between sliding surface roughness of slip ring and amount of brush wear in slip ring system
S
Selectivity	New Switching Technology for DC Grids
self-loosening	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
separation velocity	Influence of Load Current and Breaking Velocity on Arc Discharge at Breaking of Electrical Contacts
serial arc	Measurement and study of arc noise fluctuation by fast camera observations
Series arc	Series Electric Plasma Discharges of Failing Contacts up to 10 A at Various Materials
SF6	SF6 alternative gases and future switching arc research
Shaped litz wire	Influencing Factors for the Ultrasonic Compacting Process of Insulated Litz Wires for Electrical Drives
short circuit	Recommendations for Testing the Short Circuit Behaviour of Power Plug-In Connectors
short electrical arc	The mathematical model of a short arc at the blow-off repulsion of electrical contacts during the transition from metallic phase to gaseous phase
short time current test	Optimization of current carrying connections under STC test conditions
short-circuit	Understanding the correlation between performance, properties and microstructure of Ag based contact tips
Signal Integrity	Analysis of HDMI 2.1 Mated Connector Contact Boundary Impedance Impacts on a High-speed Digital System Performance
silver	Highly durable silver-based physically deposited contact finish for the application in socket connectors
Silver based coating system	An innovative silver-based coating system with high wear resistance for electrical connectors
silver plated terminals	The silver anti-tarnish affecting the electrical stability of automotive terminals
Silver plating	Durability of some asymmetrical contact pairs for connector application Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications
Silver-Antimony	Intercompatibility of Gold, Palladium and hard Silver based plating systems for connectors applications
Silver-graphite brush	Effect on Brush Electrification Mechanism Associated with Various Ag Content of Ag Graphite Brushes.
simulation	Press-fit Whiskers Risk Assessment by Simulation Arc Evolution Process Considering the Motion of Moving Contact in DC Circuit Breaker Optimization of current carrying connections under STC test conditions Thermal Equivalent Circuits: An Approach to Rate High-Power Connectors for Electric Mobility Applications
Sintered contact	Effect of contact materials process and test features on welding tendencies of vacuum interrupters during short time current test
six decades	Circuit Control Development since the First International Conference on Electrical Contacts (1961 to 2020)
Sliding Contacts	Electrical and mechanical wear of a graphite brush having varying silver content in a slip-ring system
Slip-ring	Electrical and mechanical wear of a graphite brush having varying silver content in a slip-ring system
smart fuse	Switchgear Combination of Pyrotechnic Switch and Fuse
Sn 3d	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
Sn free	Tin Free Solutions Against Whisker Growth in Press-Fit Applications
SnO	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
SnO2	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
sophisticated grid protection	Switching and Circuit Protection in DC Grids
spectroscopy	Spectroscopic investigation of the DC-arc in gas filled contactors under external magnetic fields regarding the effects on the arc-plasma properties
spiral contact	Qualification of Power Contacts in High-Voltage Products for IEC 115 °C Limit Temperature
spreading resistance	Elastic Rough Surface Contact and the Root Mean Square Slope of Measured Surfaces
sputtering	The Development of Sputtered Contact Systems Replacing Electroplated Systems in Reed Switch Applications
Steel Slip Ring	Relationship between sliding surface roughness of slip ring and amount of brush wear in slip ring system
Stribeck curve	Tribology of electrical sliding contacts
Structured surface	Volumetric erosion of a structured electrical contact surface using X-Ray Computed Tomography.
superconductivity	Investigations on Different Joining Techniques Regarding Current-carrying Joints with Normal Conducting Material and YBCO Coated Conductors at low temperatures
Surface pressure	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
surface topography	An improved method to identify the evolution of rough surface contact by the elliptical asperity Research on Ultrasonic Testing Technology for Wear Debris Caused by Fretting Wear of Electrical Connectors
surge protection device (SPD)	Surge protection device digital prototyping
switches	Circuit Control Development since the First International Conference on Electrical Contacts (1961 to 2020)
Switchgear	Investigation and optimization of a hybrid circuit breaker for low- and medium-voltage DC-Grids
switching	The Development of Sputtered Contact Systems Replacing Electroplated Systems in Reed Switch Applications
Switching Devices	Simulations of switching devices on the example of a Circuit Breaker - the knowns, the unknowns and the way ahead
switching of DC currents at high voltages
Switching Phenomena	The Impact of Arcing (AC3) on the Contact Resistance Behavior of Ag/SnO2
switching tube
swittching DC arcs	Spectroscopic investigation of the DC-arc in gas filled contactors under external magnetic fields regarding the effects on the arc-plasma properties
synthetic test circuit	Determination of dielectric recovery characteristic of a pyro switch in commutation circuit
T
Temperature	Investigation of the contact resistance as a function of the temperature for connectors and wire terminals
temperature cycle test	Influence of the aging temperature on the hardness and the temperature-specific compressive yield point of bolted joints with copper and aluminium alloys conductors for vehicle electrical systems
temperature dependent coefficients	The mathematical model of a short arc at the blow-off repulsion of electrical contacts during the transition from metallic phase to gaseous phase
tensile force	Investigations on Different Joining Techniques Regarding Current-carrying Joints with Normal Conducting Material and YBCO Coated Conductors at low temperatures
Tensile Testing	Alloy Development in the CuNiAl System for High Strength Materials
test bench	Investigations on cold welding and galling of various connector platings
testing	Recommendations for Testing the Short Circuit Behaviour of Power Plug-In Connectors
Thermal cut off devices	Silver based contact system enabling extremly low and stable contact resistance in mini thermal cut off devices
thermal modelling	Thermal Equivalent Circuits: An Approach to Rate High-Power Connectors for Electric Mobility Applications
thiol	The silver anti-tarnish affecting the electrical stability of automotive terminals
threshold current	Threshold Current of Arc-Free Commutation For Copper-Carbon Contact in a DC Hybrid Switch
threshold welding current	A novel experimental evaluation method of welding characteristics for contact materials
Tin	Press-fit Whiskers Risk Assessment by Simulation The Effect of Relative Humidity on the Diffusion of Brass Elements Through Tin Plating A Cu/Sn Multilayer System and its Fretting Corrosion Behavior
tin oxide	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
tin-coated	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
Transformation into permanent ground fault	Investigations of the Possibility of Limiting the Hazard due to Internal Arc Faults in Medium Voltage Switchgears
tribology	Qualification of Power Contacts in High-Voltage Products for IEC 115 °C Limit Temperature Tribology of electrical sliding contacts Influence of PFPE lubricant modifications on tribo-electrical properties of a tin contact system
U
UL840	Robust and Efficient Software-based 3D Clearance and Creepage Analysis
ultrasonic testing technology	Research on Ultrasonic Testing Technology for Wear Debris Caused by Fretting Wear of Electrical Connectors
Ultrasonic welding	Influencing Factors for the Ultrasonic Compacting Process of Insulated Litz Wires for Electrical Drives
V
V-I characteristic	Effect on Brush Electrification Mechanism Associated with Various Ag Content of Ag Graphite Brushes.
vacuum arc	Influence of electrode material properties on the anode phenomena in switching vacuum arcs
vacuum interrupter	The effect of WC/Ag contact material composition on chopping currents in MV contactors
Vibration	Study of vibration transfer in automotive connectors for understanding of fretting corrosion damage
virtual spark gap simulation	Surge protection device digital prototyping
Voltage Frequency	Effects of arc during mechanical bounces on contact material for different power supply frequencies
VPT	Research on virtual prototyping technology of dynamic characteristics for a type of hermetically sealed electromagnetic relay
W
wall ablation	Numerical arc simulations of radiatively-induced PMMA nozzle wall ablation
Wear	Volumetric erosion of a structured electrical contact surface using X-Ray Computed Tomography. Durability of some asymmetrical contact pairs for connector application
welding force	A novel experimental evaluation method of welding characteristics for contact materials
welding trace	A novel experimental evaluation method of welding characteristics for contact materials
whiskers	Tin Free Solutions Against Whisker Growth in Press-Fit Applications Press-fit Whiskers Risk Assessment by Simulation
Winding	Experimental Setup of a Process Chain for Contacting Litz Wires for Electrical Drives Influencing Factors for the Ultrasonic Compacting Process of Insulated Litz Wires for Electrical Drives
Wire terminals	Investigation of the contact resistance as a function of the temperature for connectors and wire terminals
X
X-Ray CT	Volumetric erosion of a structured electrical contact surface using X-Ray Computed Tomography.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
XPS	SnOx Gradient Composition Inside the Tin-plated Layer
Z
Zinc diffusion	The Effect of Relative Humidity on the Diffusion of Brass Elements Through Tin Plating
φ
φ-θtheory	Effect on Brush Electrification Mechanism Associated with Various Ag Content of Ag Graphite Brushes.

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