CAOS 2026: THE 26TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR COMPUTER ASSISTED ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY

This page contains an index consisting of author-provided keywords.

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'Augmented reality'	Augmented Reality Using Smartphones for Total Knee Arthroplasty
'navigation'	Augmented Reality Using Smartphones for Total Knee Arthroplasty
'Total Knee Arthroplasty'	Augmented Reality Using Smartphones for Total Knee Arthroplasty
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2D–3D reconstruction	Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
3
3D CT reconstruction	3D CT Volume Reconstruction from a Single Intraoperative Hip Fluoroscopy Image
3D framework	Leg alignment normal values of a 2D framework might not be valid for a consensus-based 3D framework
3D geometric analysis	3D Geometric Articular Surface Analysis of the Wrist for Implant Design
3D printing	Correction Osteotomies with 3D Guides: Does Surgical Experience Affect Operative Accuracy? Patient-Specific Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Implants for Critical-Sized, Weight-Bearing Limb Reconstruction: Average 45-months Surgical, Oncological and Functional Follow-up From Imaging to Implant Design: A Fully In-Hospital Computer-Assisted Workflow for Large Bone Reconstruction A Hybrid Physical–Digital Framework for Annotated Fracture Reduction Data Evaluated using Clinically Relevant 3D metrics
3D reconstruction	3D Reconstruction from Arthroscopic Images using NeRF: a preliminary in-silico study
3D soft analysis	Perioperative Femorotibial Rotational Change is Associated with Worsened Intraoperative Knee Kinematics and Poorer Clinical Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty
3D surgical planning	Correction Osteotomies with 3D Guides: Does Surgical Experience Affect Operative Accuracy?
3D technology	3D Virtual Surgical Planning and Patient Specific Guide Design for Lapidus Surgery in a Hallux Valgus Patient
3D-Printer	Feasibility of 3D-Printed Rigid Spinal Orthoses Using Patient Scan Data
3D-printing	Treatment for malignant bone tumor with patient’ specific cutting guide
3DCT based simulation for trauma	Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Based Preoperative Simulation for Intramedullary Nailing of Distal Tibial Fractures; Both Reduction and Implanting Simulation
A
a 32-mm glenosphere	Sex-specific anatomy and when to choose a 32-mm glenosphere in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a 3D CT simulation and ROC analysis
a three-dimensional printed bone model	TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR ANKYLOSED HIP USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTED MODEL AND CT-BASED NAVIGATION: A CASE REPORT
accuracy	Intraoperative Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Navigation for Treatment of Glenoids with Augmented Glenoid Components in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Artificial Intelligence Guided Segmentation of Novel CT-Based Navigation Produced Quick Preoperative Preparation and Accurate Cup Placement in Total Hip Arthroplasty Intraoperative HMD-Guided Glenoid Pin Placement in Shoulder Arthroplasty: Accuracy, Safe Zone and technical considerations
Accuracy and precision	Effect of skin incision orientation on acetabular cup placement accuracy and precision in anterolateral supine approach total hip arthroplasty using computed tomography-based navigation
Acetabular cup placement	Effect of skin incision orientation on acetabular cup placement accuracy and precision in anterolateral supine approach total hip arthroplasty using computed tomography-based navigation
Acetabular cup placement accuracy	Navigation accuracy according to cup geometry and fixation method in total hip arthroplasty Accuracy of Acetabular Cup Placement Using the CT-Based Navigation System Ortoma Treatment Solution in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Acetabular morphology	Evaluation of bilateral symmetry of periacetabular morphology without reference to the femoral head on CT axial images
Acetabular Reconstruction	Accuracy of Dual Mobility Cement Cup Placement Using Augmented Reality Navigation in Hip Arthroplasty for Complex Acetabular Reconstruction Surgery
achieved margins	HOW DO WE MEASURE WHAT WE ACHIEVE: ACCURACY OF 3D SURGICAL PLANS IN COMPLEX ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES
Achilles tendon graft	What Is the Optimal Graft and Transfer Location in Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Posterosuperior Massive Rotator Cuff Tears? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study
additive manufacturing	Use of Custom 3D-Printed Titanium Implants for Partial Joint Resurfacing Following Traumatic Injuries: A Preliminary Report
Additive manufacturing (3D printing)	Patient-Specific Implants for Femoral and Tibial Shaft Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Classification Framework
Age-Related Changes	Construction of Statistical Shape Models for Lumbar Vertebrae and Femur from QCT Images and Analysis of Age-Related Changes in Bone Quality Parameters
AI image	Symptom Duration–Related Muscle Atrophy And Fatty Degeneration Around The Hip Joint In Unilateral Hip Osteoarthritis: An AI-Based Imaging Study
AI-based patient-specific muscle segmentation	CIRCUMFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF ILIOPSOAS IMPINGEMENT RISK USING AI-BASED MUSCLE SEGMENTATION AND THE RADAR CHART METHOD: A CUP PLACEMENT SIMULATION STUDY
alignment	Leg alignment normal values of a 2D framework might not be valid for a consensus-based 3D framework ROBOTIC CONTROL OF ALL -IN-ONE SOLUTION FOR KNEE BALANCE AND ALIGNMENT OF PRIMARY TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Alignment phenotypes	UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING DRIVEN DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IMPACT OF DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLUSTER PRESERVATION ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD
ALL IN ONE SOLUTION	ROBOTIC CONTROL OF ALL -IN-ONE SOLUTION FOR KNEE BALANCE AND ALIGNMENT OF PRIMARY TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Anatomy-driven modeling	Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
ankylosed hip	TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR ANKYLOSED HIP USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTED MODEL AND CT-BASED NAVIGATION: A CASE REPORT
anterior knee pain	Preoperative Patellofemoral Alignment Affects Anterior Knee Pain After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Patellar Resurfacing
anterior overhang	Analysis of safe zones for anterior overhang and cup coverage
Anterolateral supine approach	Effect of skin incision orientation on acetabular cup placement accuracy and precision in anterolateral supine approach total hip arthroplasty using computed tomography-based navigation
AR CT-based navigation	COMPARISON OF ACCURACY OF CUP POSITION IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY USING NAVBIT SPRINT AND AR-BASED CT NAVIGATION
ARCO	Automated Multi-Severity Classification and Collapse Risk Prediction of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head from MRI: Integrating Deep Learning and Geometric Analysis
arthroplasty	A Smartphone-Based Augmented Reality–Aided Navigation System for Knee Arthroplasty
Articular surface	3D Geometric Articular Surface Analysis of the Wrist for Implant Design
artificial intelligence	ACCURACY VERIFICATION OF AN AI-BASED NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR THA IN SEVERE HIP DYSPLASIA: IMPACT OF AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION SPEED AND ILIAC CREST REGISTRATION Comparison of lower limb muscle characteristics, femoral morphology, and bone mineral density between femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures using AI-based CT analysis Side-to-side differences in femoral neck bone mineral density in patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity EVALUATION OF LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL APPLICATIONS IN REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY
artificial intelligence (AI)	Artificial Intelligence Guided Segmentation of Novel CT-Based Navigation Produced Quick Preoperative Preparation and Accurate Cup Placement in Total Hip Arthroplasty
atolantoaxial joint	Recent Advances in Atlantoaxial Fixation: Minimizing Invasiveness While Enhancing Construct Stability
aTSA	Intraoperative Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Navigation for Treatment of Glenoids with Augmented Glenoid Components in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Augmented Implants	Intraoperative Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Navigation for Treatment of Glenoids with Augmented Glenoid Components in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Augmented reality	Accuracy of Dual Mobility Cement Cup Placement Using Augmented Reality Navigation in Hip Arthroplasty for Complex Acetabular Reconstruction Surgery Accuracy and Agreement Between Optical Navigation (NDI Polaris) and Postoperative CT for Glenoid Pin Placement: A Cadaveric Validation Study Using Augmented-Reality guidance
Augmented Reality navigation	Intraoperative HMD-Guided Glenoid Pin Placement in Shoulder Arthroplasty: Accuracy, Safe Zone and technical considerations
augmented reality technology	COMPARISON OF ACETABULAR CUP PLACEMENT BETWEEN CT-BASED AND PINLESS PORTABLE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS USING AUGMENTED REALITY IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Automatic Bones Segmentation	Automatic Bones Segmentation for Total Ankle Arthroplasties Planning and Navigation
B
Bi-cruciate stabilized	Factors influencing patient-reported outcome measures two years after handheld robotic assisted bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty
Bicompartmental knee arthroplasty	Robotic-Arm Assisted Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Demonstrates More Physiological Gait Despite Similar Patient-Reported Outcomes Compared With Total Knee Arthroplasty
bilateral contralateral laminoplasty	Strategic Approach in Full-Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Bilateral Contralateral Laminoplasty (FE-BCL) to Preserve Posterior Stabilizing Structures Regardless of Anatomical Variations
Bilateral symmetry	Evaluation of bilateral symmetry of periacetabular morphology without reference to the femoral head on CT axial images
bioelectrical impedance analysis	Whole-Body Low Muscle Mass Screening Using a Leg CT–Derived Muscle Index
biomechanical study	Optimization of Patient Specific Glenosphere Positioning in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Rotator Cuff Conditions: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Simulation Study
Biomechanical testing	Biomechanical and Computational Validation of PatientSpecific Implants for Schatzker IV Tibial Plateau Fractures
bone alignment correction	Predicting Plantar Pressure from Non-Weight-Bearing MRI Using a Finite Element Model
Bone Cut Angle	Predicted Bone Union Propensity in Mini-Plate-Based Mandibular Reconstruction Surgery is Affected by Bone Cut Geometry
bone defects	Use of Custom 3D-Printed Titanium Implants for Partial Joint Resurfacing Following Traumatic Injuries: A Preliminary Report
bone mineral density	Comparison of lower limb muscle characteristics, femoral morphology, and bone mineral density between femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures using AI-based CT analysis Side-to-side differences in femoral neck bone mineral density in patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity
bone mineral density (BMD)	Lumbar volumetric Bone Mineral Density Estimation from A Plain X-ray via Generation of BMD Distribution Maps.
bone model	ACCURACY VERIFICATION OF AN AI-BASED NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR THA IN SEVERE HIP DYSPLASIA: IMPACT OF AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION SPEED AND ILIAC CREST REGISTRATION
Bone tumor	Patient-Specific Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Implants for Critical-Sized, Weight-Bearing Limb Reconstruction: Average 45-months Surgical, Oncological and Functional Follow-up Treatment for malignant bone tumor with patient’ specific cutting guide
Bone tumor surgery	Selection of Intraoperative Navigation System type in Bone Tumor Surgery
Bone Union Propensity	Predicted Bone Union Propensity in Mini-Plate-Based Mandibular Reconstruction Surgery is Affected by Bone Cut Geometry
C
CAD	Treatment for malignant bone tumor with patient’ specific cutting guide
Cadaveric study	Correction Osteotomies with 3D Guides: Does Surgical Experience Affect Operative Accuracy?
Cam osteochondroplasty	Computer Navigation–Assisted Osteochondroplasty Improves Achievement of Preoperative Cam Resection Plans in Femoroacetabular Impingement
canal filled ratio	Levels of constraint affect functional outcome of femoral sleeve in revision total knee arthroplasty
Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans	Progressive Whole-Joint Stabilization Driven by Early Morphological Remodeling and Surgical Restoration of Biomechanics in Growing Patients With Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans
Carpal bones	Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
case report	Case reports of robotic-assisted hip arthroplasty after wide excision of pubic chondrosarcoma in the anterolateral approach.
cervical pedicle screw	Impact of osteosclerosis on cervical pedicle screw insertion using preoperative CT-based navigation
cervical radiculopathy	Clinical Outcomes of Full-Endoscopic Foraminotomy Assisted by O-arm Navigation for Cervical Radiculopathy
Classification framework	Patient-Specific Implants for Femoral and Tibial Shaft Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Classification Framework
Clinical feasibility	Using A Novel Patient-Specific Guide with Radiopaque Alignment for Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: A Case Series
clinical outcome	Comparing clinical and radiological outcomes for a three-dimensional printed highly porous cup and a hydroxyapatite-coated non-highly porous cup in computed tomography–navigated total hip arthroplasty using propensity score matching
Clinical outcomes	Factors influencing patient-reported outcome measures two years after handheld robotic assisted bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty IMPACT OF THE SURGICAL WORKFLOW AND TECHNOLOGY CHANGE ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IMPACT OF DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLUSTER PRESERVATION ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD
Collaborative robot	Automated Laminectomy Using Collaborative Robot: Concept Verification
Collapse Risk Prediction	Automated Multi-Severity Classification and Collapse Risk Prediction of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head from MRI: Integrating Deep Learning and Geometric Analysis
Computational Biomechanics	Predicted Bone Union Propensity in Mini-Plate-Based Mandibular Reconstruction Surgery is Affected by Bone Cut Geometry
Computed tomography	Comparison of lower limb muscle characteristics, femoral morphology, and bone mineral density between femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures using AI-based CT analysis
computed tomography-based navigation	COMPARISON OF ACETABULAR CUP PLACEMENT BETWEEN CT-BASED AND PINLESS PORTABLE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS USING AUGMENTED REALITY IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY Variation and agreement rate in preoperative three-dimensional planning for total hip arthroplasty across hip surgeons
Computer simulation	IMPACT OF INSTRUMENTED GAP-BALANCING TECHNIQUE ON FUNCTIONAL ALIGNMENT TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IN SEVERE VARUS DEFORMITY Investigation of the Opening Gap Required to Preserve Posterior Tibial Slope According to the Sagittal Anterior–Posterior Inclination of the Osteotomy Plane in Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
computer-aided design	Automated Conversion of 3D Bone Meshes to NURBS for Patient-Specific Implant Design Feasibility of 3D-Printed Rigid Spinal Orthoses Using Patient Scan Data
computer-assisted equipment	Femoral Stem Alignment and Post-operative Patient Satisfaction in Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Computer-Assisted Equipment
Computer-assisted orthopedic surgery	Robotic-Assisted Versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: Differences in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Release Rates in Cruciate-Retaining Designs
Computer-assisted surgery	Design and Evaluation of a Wireless Robotic System for Long-Bone Fracture Reduction POSTOPERATIVE SPORT-INCLUSIVE ACTIVITY AFTER COMPUTER-ASSISTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: ASSOCIATION WITH CUP PLACEMENT ACCURACY AND CENTER OF ROTATION REPRODUCIBILITY Computer Navigation–Assisted Osteochondroplasty Improves Achievement of Preoperative Cam Resection Plans in Femoroacetabular Impingement Clinical and radiographic outcomes of rotational acetabular osteotomy using CT-based navigation for developmental dysplasia of the hip
confidence	Automatic Quality Assessment and Uncertainty Localization on AI-generated digital twins of the shoulder
continuous gap	MID-FLEXION LAXITY COULD BE IDENTIFIED WITH CONTINUOUS FLEXION-ARC GAP ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH A LARGE PREOPERATIVE CONVERGENCE ANGLE.
Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty	Optimizing Stem Length in Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis
coordinate system	Three-dimensional evaluation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures: reproducibility and validity of a coordinate system based on the theoretical plane to place the implant (TPI)
Corrective osteotomy	Correction Osteotomies with 3D Guides: Does Surgical Experience Affect Operative Accuracy?
Cortical Bone Thickness	Construction of Statistical Shape Models for Lumbar Vertebrae and Femur from QCT Images and Analysis of Age-Related Changes in Bone Quality Parameters
craniomaxillofacial	An automated Statistical Shape Model workflow of the Craniomaxillofacial Complex for Shape Reconstruction
Cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty	Robotic-Assisted Versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: Differences in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Release Rates in Cruciate-Retaining Designs
CT	Automated Segmentation of the Sacral Canal for Large-Scale Analysis of Demographic, Densitometric and Morphometric Sacral Measurements in CT Images Which Cross-Sectional Area of the Lower Leg Muscle on Computed Tomography Reflects Skeletal Muscle Mass Reduction in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis Most?
CT based navigation system	Accuracy of Acetabular Cup Placement Using the CT-Based Navigation System Ortoma Treatment Solution in Total Hip Arthroplasty
CT image	Whole-Body Low Muscle Mass Screening Using a Leg CT–Derived Muscle Index
CT-based assessment	Comparison of Implant Positioning Accuracy Between Mako and ROSA Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Three-Dimensional CT Analysis
CT-based navigation	Accuracy and precision of planned glenoid guide-pin placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric comparison of fluoroscopy-guided freehand technique, patient-specific instrumentation, and navigation ACCURACY VERIFICATION OF AN AI-BASED NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR THA IN SEVERE HIP DYSPLASIA: IMPACT OF AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION SPEED AND ILIAC CREST REGISTRATION Artificial Intelligence Guided Segmentation of Novel CT-Based Navigation Produced Quick Preoperative Preparation and Accurate Cup Placement in Total Hip Arthroplasty Effect of skin incision orientation on acetabular cup placement accuracy and precision in anterolateral supine approach total hip arthroplasty using computed tomography-based navigation TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR ANKYLOSED HIP USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTED MODEL AND CT-BASED NAVIGATION: A CASE REPORT Impact of osteosclerosis on cervical pedicle screw insertion using preoperative CT-based navigation Clinical and radiographic outcomes of rotational acetabular osteotomy using CT-based navigation for developmental dysplasia of the hip Comparing clinical and radiological outcomes for a three-dimensional printed highly porous cup and a hydroxyapatite-coated non-highly porous cup in computed tomography–navigated total hip arthroplasty using propensity score matching
CT-based navigation system	Selection of Intraoperative Navigation System type in Bone Tumor Surgery
CT-to-X-ray registration	Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
cup coverage	Analysis of safe zones for anterior overhang and cup coverage
Cup placement accuracy	POSTOPERATIVE SPORT-INCLUSIVE ACTIVITY AFTER COMPUTER-ASSISTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: ASSOCIATION WITH CUP PLACEMENT ACCURACY AND CENTER OF ROTATION REPRODUCIBILITY
cup position	Comparing clinical and radiological outcomes for a three-dimensional printed highly porous cup and a hydroxyapatite-coated non-highly porous cup in computed tomography–navigated total hip arthroplasty using propensity score matching
Curved varus osteotomy	A Computed Tomography-Based Simulation of Stair Climbing after Curved Varus Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Focusing on the Non-necrotic Weightbearing Area
custom implants	Use of Custom 3D-Printed Titanium Implants for Partial Joint Resurfacing Following Traumatic Injuries: A Preliminary Report
customized brace	Accurate prediction of 3D forearm shape from simple measurements
CUSUM	Learning Curve for rTSA Navigation Procedure With a Single System - A Large Scale Study
Cut Digitization	A Planar Probe More Repeatably Measures Bone Cut Planes than Stylus-Based Digitization
Cutting guide	Treatment for malignant bone tumor with patient’ specific cutting guide
CVO	CT-Based Navigation Reduces Outliers and Osteotomy Variability in Curved Varus Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Retrospective Comparative Study
D
Deep learning	Automatic Quality Assessment and Uncertainty Localization on AI-generated digital twins of the shoulder ACCESSIBLE SARCOPENIA SCREENING VIA MUSCLE VOLUME ESTIMATION FROM THREE-VIEW LONG-LENGTH LOWER-EXTREMITY RADIOGRAPHS Automated Segmentation of the Sacral Canal for Large-Scale Analysis of Demographic, Densitometric and Morphometric Sacral Measurements in CT Images Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Automated Multi-Severity Classification and Collapse Risk Prediction of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head from MRI: Integrating Deep Learning and Geometric Analysis
Depth map estimation	Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Depth-Accurate Augmented Reality Navigation	DEPTH-ACCURATE BINOCULAR AUGMENTED REALITY NAVITATION USING RETINAL PROJECTION FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Depth-Controlled Stereoscopic Imaging	DEPTH-ACCURATE BINOCULAR AUGMENTED REALITY NAVITATION USING RETINAL PROJECTION FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Developmental dysplasia of the hip	Advancing a Tracked 2D Ultrasound System for Assessing Dysplasia Metrics Towards Clinical Deployment Clinical and radiographic outcomes of rotational acetabular osteotomy using CT-based navigation for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Digital Twin	Automatic Bones Segmentation for Total Ankle Arthroplasties Planning and Navigation
Direct Superior Approach	Postoperative patient-reported pain and opioid consumption after total hip arthroplasty: Propensity score matched comparison of the direct superior and posterior approaches
Distal tibia fracture	Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Based Preoperative Simulation for Intramedullary Nailing of Distal Tibial Fractures; Both Reduction and Implanting Simulation
Dixon MRI	ASSOCIATION OF PLASMA PROTEOMIC SIGNATURES WITH THIGH MUSCLE ADIPOSITY
Drill Guidance	Accurate Guidewire Placement for Scaphoid Fracture Fixation Using Biplanar X-Rays
Drill positioning	Innovative Technique for Less Invasive Revision of Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty with Patient Specific Surgical Guides
DXA	Which Cross-Sectional Area of the Lower Leg Muscle on Computed Tomography Reflects Skeletal Muscle Mass Reduction in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis Most?
Dynamic hip–knee–ankle alignment	UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING DRIVEN DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IMPACT OF DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLUSTER PRESERVATION ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD
E
enhanced workflow	Does an Enhanced Workflow Improve Clinical Outcomes in MAKO Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Comparative Study with the Express Workflow
express workflow	Does an Enhanced Workflow Improve Clinical Outcomes in MAKO Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Comparative Study with the Express Workflow
F
femoral antetorsion	Total hip arthroplasty using antero-lateral supine approach with CAOS ~ Optimal placement of prosthesis in cases of excessive femoral antetorsion ~
Femoral component rotation	COMPARISON OF FEMORAL COMPONENT ROTATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL ALIGNMENT VERSUS MECHANICAL ALIGNMENT IN BILATERAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL Comparison of Patellofemoral Joint Morphology Between Functionally and Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
Femoral mechanical axis	ACCURACY OF FEMORAL MECHANICAL AXIS REGISTRATION IN IMAGELESS ROBOTIC- ASSISTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A MULTI-CENTER COMPARISON OF THE 5-MM MEDIAL OFFSET AND INTERCONDYLAR NOTCH CENTER
Femoral morphology	Comparison of lower limb muscle characteristics, femoral morphology, and bone mineral density between femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures using AI-based CT analysis
femoral stem alignment	Femoral Stem Alignment and Post-operative Patient Satisfaction in Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Computer-Assisted Equipment
Femur	Automated Conversion of 3D Bone Meshes to NURBS for Patient-Specific Implant Design
Finite Element Analysis	Predicted Bone Union Propensity in Mini-Plate-Based Mandibular Reconstruction Surgery is Affected by Bone Cut Geometry Optimizing Stem Length in Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis
Finite element modeling (FEM)	Biomechanical and Computational Validation of PatientSpecific Implants for Schatzker IV Tibial Plateau Fractures
flexed insertion	Total hip arthroplasty using antero-lateral supine approach with CAOS ~ Optimal placement of prosthesis in cases of excessive femoral antetorsion ~
Fluoroscopy	FURTHER POSTERIOR DWELLING OF THE FEMORAL COMPONENT ON AN MC COMPARED TO A CR BEARING. A FLUOROSCOPIC KINEMATIC ANALYSIS FROM A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL Accurate Guidewire Placement for Scaphoid Fracture Fixation Using Biplanar X-Rays
foot	Predicting Plantar Pressure from Non-Weight-Bearing MRI Using a Finite Element Model
forearm	Accurate prediction of 3D forearm shape from simple measurements
Forearm kinematics	Statistical Pose Model Accurately Reproduces Forearm Pronation-Supination: Cadaveric Validation
full-endoscopic cervical foraminotomy	Clinical Outcomes of Full-Endoscopic Foraminotomy Assisted by O-arm Navigation for Cervical Radiculopathy
full-endoscopic spine surgery	Strategic Approach in Full-Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Bilateral Contralateral Laminoplasty (FE-BCL) to Preserve Posterior Stabilizing Structures Regardless of Anatomical Variations
Functional alignment	COMPARISON OF FEMORAL COMPONENT ROTATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL ALIGNMENT VERSUS MECHANICAL ALIGNMENT IN BILATERAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND SOFT TISSUE LAXITY AFTER ROBOT-ASSISTED FUNCTIONALLY AND MECHANICALLY ALIGNED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY Comparison of Patellofemoral Joint Morphology Between Functionally and Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
Functional alingnment	IMPACT OF INSTRUMENTED GAP-BALANCING TECHNIQUE ON FUNCTIONAL ALIGNMENT TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IN SEVERE VARUS DEFORMITY
Functional recovery	ROBOTIC-ARM ASSISTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED EARLY FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
G
gait analysis	Influence of Three-Dimensional Hip Parameters Change on Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics During Gait Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Gait biomechanics	Robotic-Arm Assisted Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Demonstrates More Physiological Gait Despite Similar Patient-Reported Outcomes Compared With Total Knee Arthroplasty
Gait parameters	Comprehensive Gait Evaluation in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Assessment Using a Smartphone-Based Markerless Motion Capture System
generative adversarial network (GAN)	Lumbar volumetric Bone Mineral Density Estimation from A Plain X-ray via Generation of BMD Distribution Maps.
Generative AI	3D CT Volume Reconstruction from a Single Intraoperative Hip Fluoroscopy Image
Geometric Analysis	Automated Multi-Severity Classification and Collapse Risk Prediction of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head from MRI: Integrating Deep Learning and Geometric Analysis
Glenoid pin placement	Accuracy and Agreement Between Optical Navigation (NDI Polaris) and Postoperative CT for Glenoid Pin Placement: A Cadaveric Validation Study Using Augmented-Reality guidance
glenosphere offset	Optimization of Patient Specific Glenosphere Positioning in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Rotator Cuff Conditions: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Simulation Study
glenosphere size	Population Specific Optimization of Glenosphere Size in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Sex and Height: A Japanese Statistical Shape Model Based Computational Simulation Study
Guidewire Placement	Accurate Guidewire Placement for Scaphoid Fracture Fixation Using Biplanar X-Rays
H
Hallux valgus	3D Virtual Surgical Planning and Patient Specific Guide Design for Lapidus Surgery in a Hallux Valgus Patient
Handheld robotic system	ACCURACY OF IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY USING THE CORI SYSTEM
High tibial osteotomy	Investigation of the Opening Gap Required to Preserve Posterior Tibial Slope According to the Sagittal Anterior–Posterior Inclination of the Osteotomy Plane in Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
highly porous cup	Comparing clinical and radiological outcomes for a three-dimensional printed highly porous cup and a hydroxyapatite-coated non-highly porous cup in computed tomography–navigated total hip arthroplasty using propensity score matching
Hip	RETROSPECTIVE CT EVALUATION OF PELVIC REFERENCE PINS IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED AND NAVIGATION-ASSISTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY A SMARTPHONE-BASED AUGMENTED REALITY NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR HIP ARTHROPLASTY Advancing a Tracked 2D Ultrasound System for Assessing Dysplasia Metrics Towards Clinical Deployment
hip arthroplasty	Total hip arthroplasty using antero-lateral supine approach with CAOS ~ Optimal placement of prosthesis in cases of excessive femoral antetorsion ~
Hip arthroscopy	Computer Navigation–Assisted Osteochondroplasty Improves Achievement of Preoperative Cam Resection Plans in Femoroacetabular Impingement
Hip osteoarthritis	3D CT Volume Reconstruction from a Single Intraoperative Hip Fluoroscopy Image Symptom Duration–Related Muscle Atrophy And Fatty Degeneration Around The Hip Joint In Unilateral Hip Osteoarthritis: An AI-Based Imaging Study Difference of muscle volume and myosteatosis of lower limb muscles between knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis: artificial intelligence-based computed tomography analysis
hip parameters	Influence of Three-Dimensional Hip Parameters Change on Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics During Gait Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Hip preservation surgery	CT-Based Navigation Reduces Outliers and Osteotomy Variability in Curved Varus Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Retrospective Comparative Study
hologram	Mixed Reality Spatial Computing In Orthopaedic Oncology: An experience of 72 cases
Human donor study	INTER-OBSERVER RELIABILITY DURING INTRA-OPERATIVE PASSIVE KNEE FLEXION: A HUMAN DONOR STUDY
I
Iliopsoas impingement	CIRCUMFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF ILIOPSOAS IMPINGEMENT RISK USING AI-BASED MUSCLE SEGMENTATION AND THE RADAR CHART METHOD: A CUP PLACEMENT SIMULATION STUDY
Image segmentation	Automated Segmentation of the Sacral Canal for Large-Scale Analysis of Demographic, Densitometric and Morphometric Sacral Measurements in CT Images
Image-Guided Surgery	A Planar Probe More Repeatably Measures Bone Cut Planes than Stylus-Based Digitization Improving Workflow Efficiency of an Intraoperative Planning and Guidance System for Mandibular Reconstruction
Imageless robotic TKA	ACCURACY OF FEMORAL MECHANICAL AXIS REGISTRATION IN IMAGELESS ROBOTIC- ASSISTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A MULTI-CENTER COMPARISON OF THE 5-MM MEDIAL OFFSET AND INTERCONDYLAR NOTCH CENTER
impingement	Role of Implant Range of Motion in Preventing Recurrent Anterior Dislocation After Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
implant alignment	Role of Implant Range of Motion in Preventing Recurrent Anterior Dislocation After Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Implant placement accuracy	Using A Novel Patient-Specific Guide with Radiopaque Alignment for Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: A Case Series
Implant positioning accuracy	Comparison of Implant Positioning Accuracy Between Mako and ROSA Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Three-Dimensional CT Analysis
In hospital workflow	From Imaging to Implant Design: A Fully In-Hospital Computer-Assisted Workflow for Large Bone Reconstruction
Intact ratio	A Computed Tomography-Based Simulation of Stair Climbing after Curved Varus Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Focusing on the Non-necrotic Weightbearing Area
Inter-observer reliability	INTER-OBSERVER RELIABILITY DURING INTRA-OPERATIVE PASSIVE KNEE FLEXION: A HUMAN DONOR STUDY
intertrochanteric femoral fracture	Three-dimensional evaluation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures: reproducibility and validity of a coordinate system based on the theoretical plane to place the implant (TPI)
Intra-articular distractor	Impact of Demographic, Implant, and Intraoperative Planning Parameters on 2-Year Outcomes in Navigation-Assisted Tibia-First Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Descriptive Study
Intra-observer repeatability	Intra-observer repeatability of intra-operative passive knee kinematics – a human donor study
Intramedullary nailing (IMN)	Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Based Preoperative Simulation for Intramedullary Nailing of Distal Tibial Fractures; Both Reduction and Implanting Simulation
Intramedullary pinning	Three-Dimensional Printing for Intramedullary Pin Fixation in Femoral Diaphyseal Fracture with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report
Intraoperative alignment	UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING DRIVEN DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Intraoperative fluoroscopy	3D CT Volume Reconstruction from a Single Intraoperative Hip Fluoroscopy Image
intraoperative navigation	Does Intraoperative Navigation Facilitate Accurate Screw Placement According to Preoperative Planning in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty? Accurate Guidewire Placement for Scaphoid Fracture Fixation Using Biplanar X-Rays
Intraoperative navigation systems	Navigation accuracy according to cup geometry and fixation method in total hip arthroplasty
J
Japanese population	Population Specific Optimization of Glenosphere Size in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Sex and Height: A Japanese Statistical Shape Model Based Computational Simulation Study
JIC	Automated Multi-Severity Classification and Collapse Risk Prediction of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head from MRI: Integrating Deep Learning and Geometric Analysis
Joint-sparing reconstruction	Patient-Specific Implants for Femoral and Tibial Shaft Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Classification Framework
K
Kinematic alignment	TIBIAL VARUS RESTRICTION DOES NOT COMPROMISE EARLY OUTCOMES IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED KINEMATIC ALIGNMENT TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Kinematics	Influence of Three-Dimensional Hip Parameters Change on Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics During Gait Following Total Hip Arthroplasty FURTHER POSTERIOR DWELLING OF THE FEMORAL COMPONENT ON AN MC COMPARED TO A CR BEARING. A FLUOROSCOPIC KINEMATIC ANALYSIS FROM A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL INTER-OBSERVER RELIABILITY DURING INTRA-OPERATIVE PASSIVE KNEE FLEXION: A HUMAN DONOR STUDY Perioperative Femorotibial Rotational Change is Associated with Worsened Intraoperative Knee Kinematics and Poorer Clinical Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty Comparative analysis of intraoperative kinematics among different total knee arthroplasty designs: Can we restore medial pivot and eliminate anterior paradoxical motion?
kinetics	Influence of Three-Dimensional Hip Parameters Change on Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics During Gait Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
knee	Leg alignment normal values of a 2D framework might not be valid for a consensus-based 3D framework INTER-OBSERVER RELIABILITY DURING INTRA-OPERATIVE PASSIVE KNEE FLEXION: A HUMAN DONOR STUDY A Smartphone-Based Augmented Reality–Aided Navigation System for Knee Arthroplasty MID-FLEXION LAXITY COULD BE IDENTIFIED WITH CONTINUOUS FLEXION-ARC GAP ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH A LARGE PREOPERATIVE CONVERGENCE ANGLE.
Knee arthroscopy	3D Reconstruction from Arthroscopic Images using NeRF: a preliminary in-silico study
KNEE BALANCE	ROBOTIC CONTROL OF ALL -IN-ONE SOLUTION FOR KNEE BALANCE AND ALIGNMENT OF PRIMARY TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Knee kinematics	Intra-observer repeatability of intra-operative passive knee kinematics – a human donor study
knee morphology	Analysis of inter-individual morphological variability in owHTO patients
Knee osteoarthritis	Robotic-Assisted Versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: Differences in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Release Rates in Cruciate-Retaining Designs Comprehensive Gait Evaluation in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Assessment Using a Smartphone-Based Markerless Motion Capture System Oral hypofunction is associated with reduced skeletal muscle mass index in elderly women with end-stage knee osteoarthritis: a clinical assessment adjusted for objectively measured physical activity Difference of muscle volume and myosteatosis of lower limb muscles between knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis: artificial intelligence-based computed tomography analysis
Kneeling	Evaluation of the use of a pressure-dispersion pad for kneeling after total knee arthroplasty
L
Laminectomy	Automated Laminectomy Using Collaborative Robot: Concept Verification
Lapidus surgery	3D Virtual Surgical Planning and Patient Specific Guide Design for Lapidus Surgery in a Hallux Valgus Patient
Large bone reconstruction	From Imaging to Implant Design: A Fully In-Hospital Computer-Assisted Workflow for Large Bone Reconstruction
large language models	EVALUATION OF LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL APPLICATIONS IN REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY
Lateral Pivot	Comparative analysis of intraoperative kinematics among different total knee arthroplasty designs: Can we restore medial pivot and eliminate anterior paradoxical motion?
laxity	MID-FLEXION LAXITY COULD BE IDENTIFIED WITH CONTINUOUS FLEXION-ARC GAP ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH A LARGE PREOPERATIVE CONVERGENCE ANGLE.
Learning curve	IMPACT OF THE SURGICAL WORKFLOW AND TECHNOLOGY CHANGE ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY Learning Curve for rTSA Navigation Procedure With a Single System - A Large Scale Study
Limb reconstruction	Patient-Specific Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Implants for Critical-Sized, Weight-Bearing Limb Reconstruction: Average 45-months Surgical, Oncological and Functional Follow-up
Long Bone Fracture Reduction	Design and Evaluation of a Wireless Robotic System for Long-Bone Fracture Reduction
lower trapezius transfer	What Is the Optimal Graft and Transfer Location in Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Posterosuperior Massive Rotator Cuff Tears? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study
lumbar spinal stenosis	Strategic Approach in Full-Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Bilateral Contralateral Laminoplasty (FE-BCL) to Preserve Posterior Stabilizing Structures Regardless of Anatomical Variations
M
Mako	Comparison of Implant Positioning Accuracy Between Mako and ROSA Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Three-Dimensional CT Analysis Does an Enhanced Workflow Improve Clinical Outcomes in MAKO Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Comparative Study with the Express Workflow
Mandibular Reconstruction	Predicted Bone Union Propensity in Mini-Plate-Based Mandibular Reconstruction Surgery is Affected by Bone Cut Geometry Improving Workflow Efficiency of an Intraoperative Planning and Guidance System for Mandibular Reconstruction
Markerless motion capture	Comprehensive Gait Evaluation in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Assessment Using a Smartphone-Based Markerless Motion Capture System
Measured resection	IMPACT OF THE SURGICAL WORKFLOW AND TECHNOLOGY CHANGE ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
measurements	HOW DO WE MEASURE WHAT WE ACHIEVE: ACCURACY OF 3D SURGICAL PLANS IN COMPLEX ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES
Mechanical alignment	COMPARISON OF FEMORAL COMPONENT ROTATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL ALIGNMENT VERSUS MECHANICAL ALIGNMENT IN BILATERAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL Comparison of Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes of the Patella in Restricted Kinematic Alignment and Mechanical Alignment in Bilateral Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND SOFT TISSUE LAXITY AFTER ROBOT-ASSISTED FUNCTIONALLY AND MECHANICALLY ALIGNED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY Comparison of Patellofemoral Joint Morphology Between Functionally and Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
medial joint opening	Patient-specific biomechanical analysis of the tibiofemoral tipping point in owHTO
Medial Pivot	Comparative analysis of intraoperative kinematics among different total knee arthroplasty designs: Can we restore medial pivot and eliminate anterior paradoxical motion?
Medially Stabilized Implants	FURTHER POSTERIOR DWELLING OF THE FEMORAL COMPONENT ON AN MC COMPARED TO A CR BEARING. A FLUOROSCOPIC KINEMATIC ANALYSIS FROM A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Medical image registration	Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Mesh-to-NURBS	Automated Conversion of 3D Bone Meshes to NURBS for Patient-Specific Implant Design
Metrics	A Hybrid Physical–Digital Framework for Annotated Fracture Reduction Data Evaluated using Clinically Relevant 3D metrics
mid-flexion	MID-FLEXION LAXITY COULD BE IDENTIFIED WITH CONTINUOUS FLEXION-ARC GAP ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH A LARGE PREOPERATIVE CONVERGENCE ANGLE.
Mini-Plate-Based-Fixation	Predicted Bone Union Propensity in Mini-Plate-Based Mandibular Reconstruction Surgery is Affected by Bone Cut Geometry
minimally Invasive	Clinical Outcomes of Full-Endoscopic Foraminotomy Assisted by O-arm Navigation for Cervical Radiculopathy
Minimally invasive surgery	Recent Advances in Atlantoaxial Fixation: Minimizing Invasiveness While Enhancing Construct Stability Using A Novel Patient-Specific Guide with Radiopaque Alignment for Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: A Case Series
misplacement	Impact of osteosclerosis on cervical pedicle screw insertion using preoperative CT-based navigation
mixed reality	Mixed Reality Spatial Computing In Orthopaedic Oncology: An experience of 72 cases
Model Predictive Control	SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM REPRODUCTION USING AN UPPER-LIMB MUSCULOSKELETAL MODEL WITH PHYSICAL SCAPULOTHORACIC CONTACT
Model study	Improving Workflow Efficiency of an Intraoperative Planning and Guidance System for Mandibular Reconstruction
Morphological remodeling	Progressive Whole-Joint Stabilization Driven by Early Morphological Remodeling and Surgical Restoration of Biomechanics in Growing Patients With Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans
MR imaging	Novel Automated Sub-Segmentation Tool for Quantification of Tumor Features in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma of the Thigh
MRI	Automated Multi-Severity Classification and Collapse Risk Prediction of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head from MRI: Integrating Deep Learning and Geometric Analysis
multibody simulation	Patient-specific biomechanical analysis of the tibiofemoral tipping point in owHTO
Muscle atrophy	Symptom Duration–Related Muscle Atrophy And Fatty Degeneration Around The Hip Joint In Unilateral Hip Osteoarthritis: An AI-Based Imaging Study
muscle fat infiltration	ASSOCIATION OF PLASMA PROTEOMIC SIGNATURES WITH THIGH MUSCLE ADIPOSITY
Muscle fatty degeneration	Symptom Duration–Related Muscle Atrophy And Fatty Degeneration Around The Hip Joint In Unilateral Hip Osteoarthritis: An AI-Based Imaging Study
Muscle quality	Comparison of lower limb muscle characteristics, femoral morphology, and bone mineral density between femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures using AI-based CT analysis
Muscle volume	Comparison of lower limb muscle characteristics, femoral morphology, and bone mineral density between femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures using AI-based CT analysis Difference of muscle volume and myosteatosis of lower limb muscles between knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis: artificial intelligence-based computed tomography analysis
muscle volume estimation	ACCESSIBLE SARCOPENIA SCREENING VIA MUSCLE VOLUME ESTIMATION FROM THREE-VIEW LONG-LENGTH LOWER-EXTREMITY RADIOGRAPHS
Musculoskeletal Model	SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM REPRODUCTION USING AN UPPER-LIMB MUSCULOSKELETAL MODEL WITH PHYSICAL SCAPULOTHORACIC CONTACT
muskuloskeleta disease	ASSOCIATION OF PLASMA PROTEOMIC SIGNATURES WITH THIGH MUSCLE ADIPOSITY
Myosteatosis	Difference of muscle volume and myosteatosis of lower limb muscles between knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis: artificial intelligence-based computed tomography analysis
N
Navbit Sprint	COMPARISON OF ACCURACY OF CUP POSITION IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY USING NAVBIT SPRINT AND AR-BASED CT NAVIGATION
Navigation	Intraoperative Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Navigation for Treatment of Glenoids with Augmented Glenoid Components in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty RETROSPECTIVE CT EVALUATION OF PELVIC REFERENCE PINS IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED AND NAVIGATION-ASSISTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY IMPACT OF INSTRUMENTED GAP-BALANCING TECHNIQUE ON FUNCTIONAL ALIGNMENT TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IN SEVERE VARUS DEFORMITY A SMARTPHONE-BASED AUGMENTED REALITY NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR HIP ARTHROPLASTY Recent Advances in Atlantoaxial Fixation: Minimizing Invasiveness While Enhancing Construct Stability CT-Based Navigation Reduces Outliers and Osteotomy Variability in Curved Varus Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Retrospective Comparative Study Learning Curve for rTSA Navigation Procedure With a Single System - A Large Scale Study INTER-OBSERVER RELIABILITY DURING INTRA-OPERATIVE PASSIVE KNEE FLEXION: A HUMAN DONOR STUDY A Smartphone-Based Augmented Reality–Aided Navigation System for Knee Arthroplasty Perioperative Femorotibial Rotational Change is Associated with Worsened Intraoperative Knee Kinematics and Poorer Clinical Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty Intraoperative Changes in Hip Range of Motion Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Quantitative Analysis Using CT-Based Navigation. Clinical outcomes of navigation assisted transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the head Impact of Demographic, Implant, and Intraoperative Planning Parameters on 2-Year Outcomes in Navigation-Assisted Tibia-First Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Descriptive Study MID-FLEXION LAXITY COULD BE IDENTIFIED WITH CONTINUOUS FLEXION-ARC GAP ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH A LARGE PREOPERATIVE CONVERGENCE ANGLE.
Navigation system	Intra-observer repeatability of intra-operative passive knee kinematics – a human donor study
Navigation-assisted THA	POSTOPERATIVE SPORT-INCLUSIVE ACTIVITY AFTER COMPUTER-ASSISTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: ASSOCIATION WITH CUP PLACEMENT ACCURACY AND CENTER OF ROTATION REPRODUCIBILITY
NDI navigation	Accuracy and Agreement Between Optical Navigation (NDI Polaris) and Postoperative CT for Glenoid Pin Placement: A Cadaveric Validation Study Using Augmented-Reality guidance
Neural Radiance Fields	3D Reconstruction from Arthroscopic Images using NeRF: a preliminary in-silico study
Novel design	Innovative Technique for Less Invasive Revision of Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty with Patient Specific Surgical Guides
O
O-arm navigation	Clinical Outcomes of Full-Endoscopic Foraminotomy Assisted by O-arm Navigation for Cervical Radiculopathy
O-arm navigation system	Selection of Intraoperative Navigation System type in Bone Tumor Surgery
obturator externus	Three-dimensional Relationship Between the Obturator Externus Footprint and the Proximal Femoral Axis.
Omnidirectional Video	Construction of an Online Surgical Training System Using Omnidirectional Video Streaming
ONFH	CT-Based Navigation Reduces Outliers and Osteotomy Variability in Curved Varus Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Retrospective Comparative Study
open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (owHTO)	Analysis of inter-individual morphological variability in owHTO patients Patient-specific biomechanical analysis of the tibiofemoral tipping point in owHTO
Operating room workflow	Design and Evaluation of a Wireless Robotic System for Long-Bone Fracture Reduction
Opioid Consumption	Postoperative patient-reported pain and opioid consumption after total hip arthroplasty: Propensity score matched comparison of the direct superior and posterior approaches
Optical Tracking	Advancing a Tracked 2D Ultrasound System for Assessing Dysplasia Metrics Towards Clinical Deployment
Oral Function	Association Between Oral Function and Postoperative Physical Activity Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Observational Study
Oral hypofunction	Oral hypofunction is associated with reduced skeletal muscle mass index in elderly women with end-stage knee osteoarthritis: a clinical assessment adjusted for objectively measured physical activity
orthopedic oncology	HOW DO WE MEASURE WHAT WE ACHIEVE: ACCURACY OF 3D SURGICAL PLANS IN COMPLEX ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES
Osteogenesis imperfecta	Three-Dimensional Printing for Intramedullary Pin Fixation in Femoral Diaphyseal Fracture with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report
Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head	A Computed Tomography-Based Simulation of Stair Climbing after Curved Varus Osteotomy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Focusing on the Non-necrotic Weightbearing Area Clinical outcomes of navigation assisted transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the head Automated Multi-Severity Classification and Collapse Risk Prediction of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head from MRI: Integrating Deep Learning and Geometric Analysis
Osteoporosis	Cement Augmentation of Pedicle Screws May Delay Interbody Fusion After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Construction of Statistical Shape Models for Lumbar Vertebrae and Femur from QCT Images and Analysis of Age-Related Changes in Bone Quality Parameters Lumbar volumetric Bone Mineral Density Estimation from A Plain X-ray via Generation of BMD Distribution Maps.
osteosclerosis	Impact of osteosclerosis on cervical pedicle screw insertion using preoperative CT-based navigation
osteotomy	Leg alignment normal values of a 2D framework might not be valid for a consensus-based 3D framework
Osteotomy accuracy	Correction Osteotomies with 3D Guides: Does Surgical Experience Affect Operative Accuracy?
P
Pain catastrophizing	Preoperative Determinants of Patient Satisfaction in End-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: A Focus on Pain Catastrophizing and Daily Physical Activity
Parallel Motion	Comparative analysis of intraoperative kinematics among different total knee arthroplasty designs: Can we restore medial pivot and eliminate anterior paradoxical motion?
patellofemoral alignment	Comparison of Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes of the Patella in Restricted Kinematic Alignment and Mechanical Alignment in Bilateral Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial Preoperative Patellofemoral Alignment Affects Anterior Knee Pain After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Patellar Resurfacing
Patient reported pain	Postoperative patient-reported pain and opioid consumption after total hip arthroplasty: Propensity score matched comparison of the direct superior and posterior approaches
Patient satisfaction	Femoral Stem Alignment and Post-operative Patient Satisfaction in Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Computer-Assisted Equipment Preoperative Determinants of Patient Satisfaction in End-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: A Focus on Pain Catastrophizing and Daily Physical Activity
Patient specific guides	3D Virtual Surgical Planning and Patient Specific Guide Design for Lapidus Surgery in a Hallux Valgus Patient
Patient specific implants	Patient-Specific Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Implants for Critical-Sized, Weight-Bearing Limb Reconstruction: Average 45-months Surgical, Oncological and Functional Follow-up
Patient-specific guide	Innovative Technique for Less Invasive Revision of Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty with Patient Specific Surgical Guides
Patient-specific implants (PSI)	Patient-Specific Implants for Femoral and Tibial Shaft Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Classification Framework Biomechanical and Computational Validation of PatientSpecific Implants for Schatzker IV Tibial Plateau Fractures
Patient-specific instruments (PSI)	Correction Osteotomies with 3D Guides: Does Surgical Experience Affect Operative Accuracy?
Patient-Specific Modeling	Automatic Bones Segmentation for Total Ankle Arthroplasties Planning and Navigation
patient-specific positioning	Optimization of Patient Specific Glenosphere Positioning in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Rotator Cuff Conditions: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Simulation Study
Patient-specific surgical guides	Using A Novel Patient-Specific Guide with Radiopaque Alignment for Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: A Case Series
Patient-specific surgical instruments	Using A Novel Patient-Specific Guide with Radiopaque Alignment for Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: A Case Series
pedicle screw augmentation	Cement Augmentation of Pedicle Screws May Delay Interbody Fusion After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Periprosthetic Fracture	Optimizing Stem Length in Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis
Personalized alignment	TIBIAL VARUS RESTRICTION DOES NOT COMPROMISE EARLY OUTCOMES IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED KINEMATIC ALIGNMENT TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Phenotype preservation	IMPACT OF DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLUSTER PRESERVATION ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD
physical activity	Association Between Oral Function and Postoperative Physical Activity Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Observational Study Preoperative Determinants of Patient Satisfaction in End-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: A Focus on Pain Catastrophizing and Daily Physical Activity
Physical AI	Automated Laminectomy Using Collaborative Robot: Concept Verification
Planar Probe	A Planar Probe More Repeatably Measures Bone Cut Planes than Stylus-Based Digitization
plantar pressure	Predicting Plantar Pressure from Non-Weight-Bearing MRI Using a Finite Element Model
PMMA	Cement Augmentation of Pedicle Screws May Delay Interbody Fusion After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
portable navigation	COMPARISON OF ACETABULAR CUP PLACEMENT BETWEEN CT-BASED AND PINLESS PORTABLE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS USING AUGMENTED REALITY IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
pose normalization	Accurate prediction of 3D forearm shape from simple measurements
Posterior cruciate ligament	Robotic-Assisted Versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: Differences in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Release Rates in Cruciate-Retaining Designs
Posterior tibial slope	A Novel Modified Tibial Knee Center Improves the Accuracy of Posterior Tibial Slope in CT-Based Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Investigation of the Opening Gap Required to Preserve Posterior Tibial Slope According to the Sagittal Anterior–Posterior Inclination of the Osteotomy Plane in Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
preoperative planning	Analysis of safe zones for anterior overhang and cup coverage Literature review as a basis for psoas syndrome risk management in THA
Preoperative three-dimensional planning	Variation and agreement rate in preoperative three-dimensional planning for total hip arthroplasty across hip surgeons
Pressure-dispersion pad	Evaluation of the use of a pressure-dispersion pad for kneeling after total knee arthroplasty
PRIMARY TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY	ROBOTIC CONTROL OF ALL -IN-ONE SOLUTION FOR KNEE BALANCE AND ALIGNMENT OF PRIMARY TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
principal component analysis (PCA)	Analysis of inter-individual morphological variability in owHTO patients
Process efficiency	Improving Workflow Efficiency of an Intraoperative Planning and Guidance System for Mandibular Reconstruction
Pronation-supination	Statistical Pose Model Accurately Reproduces Forearm Pronation-Supination: Cadaveric Validation
Proteomics	ASSOCIATION OF PLASMA PROTEOMIC SIGNATURES WITH THIGH MUSCLE ADIPOSITY
proximal femoral axis	Three-dimensional Relationship Between the Obturator Externus Footprint and the Proximal Femoral Axis.
Proximal femoral fracture	Comparison of lower limb muscle characteristics, femoral morphology, and bone mineral density between femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures using AI-based CT analysis
PSI	Accuracy and precision of planned glenoid guide-pin placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric comparison of fluoroscopy-guided freehand technique, patient-specific instrumentation, and navigation
psoas syndrome	Literature review as a basis for psoas syndrome risk management in THA
Q
QCT	Construction of Statistical Shape Models for Lumbar Vertebrae and Femur from QCT Images and Analysis of Age-Related Changes in Bone Quality Parameters
R
Radar chart method	CIRCUMFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF ILIOPSOAS IMPINGEMENT RISK USING AI-BASED MUSCLE SEGMENTATION AND THE RADAR CHART METHOD: A CUP PLACEMENT SIMULATION STUDY
Radiocapitellar biomechanics	Progressive Whole-Joint Stabilization Driven by Early Morphological Remodeling and Surgical Restoration of Biomechanics in Growing Patients With Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans
radiography	Lumbar volumetric Bone Mineral Density Estimation from A Plain X-ray via Generation of BMD Distribution Maps.
radiological outcome	Comparing clinical and radiological outcomes for a three-dimensional printed highly porous cup and a hydroxyapatite-coated non-highly porous cup in computed tomography–navigated total hip arthroplasty using propensity score matching
range of motion	Intraoperative Changes in Hip Range of Motion Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Quantitative Analysis Using CT-Based Navigation. Role of Implant Range of Motion in Preventing Recurrent Anterior Dislocation After Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
range of motion simulation	Population Specific Optimization of Glenosphere Size in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Sex and Height: A Japanese Statistical Shape Model Based Computational Simulation Study
RCT	A SMARTPHONE-BASED AUGMENTED REALITY NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR HIP ARTHROPLASTY
real-time communication	Construction of an Online Surgical Training System Using Omnidirectional Video Streaming
Registration	A Planar Probe More Repeatably Measures Bone Cut Planes than Stylus-Based Digitization
reproducibility	Three-dimensional evaluation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures: reproducibility and validity of a coordinate system based on the theoretical plane to place the implant (TPI)
Restricted Kinematic Alignment	Comparison of Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes of the Patella in Restricted Kinematic Alignment and Mechanical Alignment in Bilateral Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Retinal Projection	DEPTH-ACCURATE BINOCULAR AUGMENTED REALITY NAVITATION USING RETINAL PROJECTION FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
reverse shoulder arthroplasty	Accuracy and precision of planned glenoid guide-pin placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric comparison of fluoroscopy-guided freehand technique, patient-specific instrumentation, and navigation Does Intraoperative Navigation Facilitate Accurate Screw Placement According to Preoperative Planning in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty? Optimization of Patient Specific Glenosphere Positioning in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Rotator Cuff Conditions: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Simulation Study Population Specific Optimization of Glenosphere Size in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Sex and Height: A Japanese Statistical Shape Model Based Computational Simulation Study Sex-specific anatomy and when to choose a 32-mm glenosphere in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a 3D CT simulation and ROC analysis EVALUATION OF LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL APPLICATIONS IN REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty	Learning Curve for rTSA Navigation Procedure With a Single System - A Large Scale Study
REvision surgery	Levels of constraint affect functional outcome of femoral sleeve in revision total knee arthroplasty
Revision TKA	Levels of constraint affect functional outcome of femoral sleeve in revision total knee arthroplasty
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty	Innovative Technique for Less Invasive Revision of Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty with Patient Specific Surgical Guides Role of Implant Range of Motion in Preventing Recurrent Anterior Dislocation After Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Robot-assisted THA	POSTOPERATIVE SPORT-INCLUSIVE ACTIVITY AFTER COMPUTER-ASSISTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: ASSOCIATION WITH CUP PLACEMENT ACCURACY AND CENTER OF ROTATION REPRODUCIBILITY
Robotic surgery	A Novel Modified Tibial Knee Center Improves the Accuracy of Posterior Tibial Slope in CT-Based Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Robotic-arm assisted	ROBOTIC-ARM ASSISTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED EARLY FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Robotic-assisted surgery	Robotic-Arm Assisted Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Demonstrates More Physiological Gait Despite Similar Patient-Reported Outcomes Compared With Total Knee Arthroplasty
Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty	Robotic-Assisted Versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: Differences in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Release Rates in Cruciate-Retaining Designs Comparison of Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes of the Patella in Restricted Kinematic Alignment and Mechanical Alignment in Bilateral Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparison of Implant Positioning Accuracy Between Mako and ROSA Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Three-Dimensional CT Analysis
Robotics	RETROSPECTIVE CT EVALUATION OF PELVIC REFERENCE PINS IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED AND NAVIGATION-ASSISTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
robot－assisted surgery	Case reports of robotic-assisted hip arthroplasty after wide excision of pubic chondrosarcoma in the anterolateral approach.
ROSA	Comparison of Implant Positioning Accuracy Between Mako and ROSA Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Three-Dimensional CT Analysis CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND SOFT TISSUE LAXITY AFTER ROBOT-ASSISTED FUNCTIONALLY AND MECHANICALLY ALIGNED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Rotational acetabular osteotomy	Clinical and radiographic outcomes of rotational acetabular osteotomy using CT-based navigation for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Rotational Alignment	Perioperative Femorotibial Rotational Change is Associated with Worsened Intraoperative Knee Kinematics and Poorer Clinical Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Rotational mismatch	Factors influencing patient-reported outcome measures two years after handheld robotic assisted bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty
rotator cuff	What Is the Optimal Graft and Transfer Location in Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Posterosuperior Massive Rotator Cuff Tears? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study Optimization of Patient Specific Glenosphere Positioning in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Rotator Cuff Conditions: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Simulation Study
rTSA	Intraoperative Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Navigation for Treatment of Glenoids with Augmented Glenoid Components in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Learning Curve for rTSA Navigation Procedure With a Single System - A Large Scale Study
S
Sacral canal	Automated Segmentation of the Sacral Canal for Large-Scale Analysis of Demographic, Densitometric and Morphometric Sacral Measurements in CT Images
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction	Using A Novel Patient-Specific Guide with Radiopaque Alignment for Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: A Case Series
Sacrum	Automated Segmentation of the Sacral Canal for Large-Scale Analysis of Demographic, Densitometric and Morphometric Sacral Measurements in CT Images
safe zone	Analysis of safe zones for anterior overhang and cup coverage
sagittal alignment	A Novel Modified Tibial Knee Center Improves the Accuracy of Posterior Tibial Slope in CT-Based Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
sarcoma	Mixed Reality Spatial Computing In Orthopaedic Oncology: An experience of 72 cases
sarcopenia	ACCESSIBLE SARCOPENIA SCREENING VIA MUSCLE VOLUME ESTIMATION FROM THREE-VIEW LONG-LENGTH LOWER-EXTREMITY RADIOGRAPHS ASSOCIATION OF PLASMA PROTEOMIC SIGNATURES WITH THIGH MUSCLE ADIPOSITY Which Cross-Sectional Area of the Lower Leg Muscle on Computed Tomography Reflects Skeletal Muscle Mass Reduction in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis Most?
Scaphoid Fracture	Accurate Guidewire Placement for Scaphoid Fracture Fixation Using Biplanar X-Rays
Scapulohumeral Rhythm	SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM REPRODUCTION USING AN UPPER-LIMB MUSCULOSKELETAL MODEL WITH PHYSICAL SCAPULOTHORACIC CONTACT
Scapulothoracic Joint	SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM REPRODUCTION USING AN UPPER-LIMB MUSCULOSKELETAL MODEL WITH PHYSICAL SCAPULOTHORACIC CONTACT
Schatzker IV tibial plateau fracture	Biomechanical and Computational Validation of PatientSpecific Implants for Schatzker IV Tibial Plateau Fractures
screw length	Does Intraoperative Navigation Facilitate Accurate Screw Placement According to Preoperative Planning in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty?
Segmental bone defects	Patient-Specific Implants for Femoral and Tibial Shaft Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Classification Framework
segmentation	Automatic Quality Assessment and Uncertainty Localization on AI-generated digital twins of the shoulder Artificial Intelligence Guided Segmentation of Novel CT-Based Navigation Produced Quick Preoperative Preparation and Accurate Cup Placement in Total Hip Arthroplasty
semitendinosus tendon graft	What Is the Optimal Graft and Transfer Location in Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Posterosuperior Massive Rotator Cuff Tears? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study
severe deformity	Case reports of robotic-assisted hip arthroplasty after wide excision of pubic chondrosarcoma in the anterolateral approach.
Severity Classification	Automated Multi-Severity Classification and Collapse Risk Prediction of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head from MRI: Integrating Deep Learning and Geometric Analysis
Sex-specific anatomy	Sex-specific anatomy and when to choose a 32-mm glenosphere in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a 3D CT simulation and ROC analysis
shape model	Accurate prediction of 3D forearm shape from simple measurements
shape prediction	Accurate prediction of 3D forearm shape from simple measurements
shape reconstruction	An automated Statistical Shape Model workflow of the Craniomaxillofacial Complex for Shape Reconstruction
shoulder	What Is the Optimal Graft and Transfer Location in Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Posterosuperior Massive Rotator Cuff Tears? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study
side-to-side difference	Side-to-side differences in femoral neck bone mineral density in patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity
Simulation study	CIRCUMFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF ILIOPSOAS IMPINGEMENT RISK USING AI-BASED MUSCLE SEGMENTATION AND THE RADAR CHART METHOD: A CUP PLACEMENT SIMULATION STUDY Variation and agreement rate in preoperative three-dimensional planning for total hip arthroplasty across hip surgeons
Single-view radiograph	Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
skeletal muscle	Whole-Body Low Muscle Mass Screening Using a Leg CT–Derived Muscle Index
Skeletal muscle mass index	Oral hypofunction is associated with reduced skeletal muscle mass index in elderly women with end-stage knee osteoarthritis: a clinical assessment adjusted for objectively measured physical activity
Skin incision orientation	Effect of skin incision orientation on acetabular cup placement accuracy and precision in anterolateral supine approach total hip arthroplasty using computed tomography-based navigation
Sleeve	Levels of constraint affect functional outcome of femoral sleeve in revision total knee arthroplasty
soft tissue balance	Optimization of Patient Specific Glenosphere Positioning in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Rotator Cuff Conditions: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Simulation Study
Soft-tissue balancing	Robotic-Assisted Versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: Differences in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Release Rates in Cruciate-Retaining Designs
Soft-Tissue Sarcoma	Novel Automated Sub-Segmentation Tool for Quantification of Tumor Features in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma of the Thigh
spinal fusion	Cement Augmentation of Pedicle Screws May Delay Interbody Fusion After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Spinal Orthoses	Feasibility of 3D-Printed Rigid Spinal Orthoses Using Patient Scan Data
spine surgery	Recent Advances in Atlantoaxial Fixation: Minimizing Invasiveness While Enhancing Construct Stability
splint design	Accurate prediction of 3D forearm shape from simple measurements
standardisation	HOW DO WE MEASURE WHAT WE ACHIEVE: ACCURACY OF 3D SURGICAL PLANS IN COMPLEX ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES
Statistical pose model	Statistical Pose Model Accurately Reproduces Forearm Pronation-Supination: Cadaveric Validation
statistical shape model	Population Specific Optimization of Glenosphere Size in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Based on Sex and Height: A Japanese Statistical Shape Model Based Computational Simulation Study Construction of Statistical Shape Models for Lumbar Vertebrae and Femur from QCT Images and Analysis of Age-Related Changes in Bone Quality Parameters
statistical shape modelling	An automated Statistical Shape Model workflow of the Craniomaxillofacial Complex for Shape Reconstruction
Steinberg	Automated Multi-Severity Classification and Collapse Risk Prediction of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head from MRI: Integrating Deep Learning and Geometric Analysis
stem anteversion	Total hip arthroplasty using antero-lateral supine approach with CAOS ~ Optimal placement of prosthesis in cases of excessive femoral antetorsion ~
Stem Bypass Length	Optimizing Stem Length in Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis
streamlined cemented dual-mobility cup	Navigation accuracy according to cup geometry and fixation method in total hip arthroplasty
Stress Concentration	Optimizing Stem Length in Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis
Subchondral bone density	Progressive Whole-Joint Stabilization Driven by Early Morphological Remodeling and Surgical Restoration of Biomechanics in Growing Patients With Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans
Supine position	COMPARISON OF ACCURACY OF CUP POSITION IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY USING NAVBIT SPRINT AND AR-BASED CT NAVIGATION COMPARISON OF ACETABULAR CUP PLACEMENT BETWEEN CT-BASED AND PINLESS PORTABLE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS USING AUGMENTED REALITY IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Surgical navigation	Computer Navigation–Assisted Osteochondroplasty Improves Achievement of Preoperative Cam Resection Plans in Femoroacetabular Impingement
Surgical Planning	Mixed Reality Spatial Computing In Orthopaedic Oncology: An experience of 72 cases A Hybrid Physical–Digital Framework for Annotated Fracture Reduction Data Evaluated using Clinically Relevant 3D metrics Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Surgical Training System	Construction of an Online Surgical Training System Using Omnidirectional Video Streaming
Systemic valgus bias	ACCURACY OF FEMORAL MECHANICAL AXIS REGISTRATION IN IMAGELESS ROBOTIC- ASSISTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A MULTI-CENTER COMPARISON OF THE 5-MM MEDIAL OFFSET AND INTERCONDYLAR NOTCH CENTER
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targeted FE model	Predicting Plantar Pressure from Non-Weight-Bearing MRI Using a Finite Element Model
tendon transfer	What Is the Optimal Graft and Transfer Location in Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Posterosuperior Massive Rotator Cuff Tears? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study
THA	Analysis of safe zones for anterior overhang and cup coverage Literature review as a basis for psoas syndrome risk management in THA
the theoretical plane to place the implant	Three-dimensional evaluation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures: reproducibility and validity of a coordinate system based on the theoretical plane to place the implant (TPI)
Three-dimensional computed tomography	Evaluation of bilateral symmetry of periacetabular morphology without reference to the femoral head on CT axial images
Three-dimensional CT	Progressive Whole-Joint Stabilization Driven by Early Morphological Remodeling and Surgical Restoration of Biomechanics in Growing Patients With Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans
Three-dimensional evaluation	CIRCUMFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF ILIOPSOAS IMPINGEMENT RISK USING AI-BASED MUSCLE SEGMENTATION AND THE RADAR CHART METHOD: A CUP PLACEMENT SIMULATION STUDY
Three-dimensional evaluation of implant placement accuracy	ACCURACY OF IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY USING THE CORI SYSTEM
Three-dimensional printing	Three-Dimensional Printing for Intramedullary Pin Fixation in Femoral Diaphyseal Fracture with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report
Tibia‑first gap balancing	IMPACT OF THE SURGICAL WORKFLOW AND TECHNOLOGY CHANGE ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
tibiofemoral resultant force	Patient-specific biomechanical analysis of the tibiofemoral tipping point in owHTO
tipping point	Patient-specific biomechanical analysis of the tibiofemoral tipping point in owHTO
TKA	CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND SOFT TISSUE LAXITY AFTER ROBOT-ASSISTED FUNCTIONALLY AND MECHANICALLY ALIGNED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY Impact of Demographic, Implant, and Intraoperative Planning Parameters on 2-Year Outcomes in Navigation-Assisted Tibia-First Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Descriptive Study
TLIF	Cement Augmentation of Pedicle Screws May Delay Interbody Fusion After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Total Ankle Arthroplasty	Automatic Bones Segmentation for Total Ankle Arthroplasties Planning and Navigation
total hip arthroplasty	Association Between Oral Function and Postoperative Physical Activity Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Observational Study CIRCUMFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF ILIOPSOAS IMPINGEMENT RISK USING AI-BASED MUSCLE SEGMENTATION AND THE RADAR CHART METHOD: A CUP PLACEMENT SIMULATION STUDY COMPARISON OF ACCURACY OF CUP POSITION IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY USING NAVBIT SPRINT AND AR-BASED CT NAVIGATION Influence of Three-Dimensional Hip Parameters Change on Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics During Gait Following Total Hip Arthroplasty Femoral Stem Alignment and Post-operative Patient Satisfaction in Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Computer-Assisted Equipment COMPARISON OF ACETABULAR CUP PLACEMENT BETWEEN CT-BASED AND PINLESS PORTABLE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS USING AUGMENTED REALITY IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY ACCURACY VERIFICATION OF AN AI-BASED NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR THA IN SEVERE HIP DYSPLASIA: IMPACT OF AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION SPEED AND ILIAC CREST REGISTRATION Accuracy of Dual Mobility Cement Cup Placement Using Augmented Reality Navigation in Hip Arthroplasty for Complex Acetabular Reconstruction Surgery Effect of skin incision orientation on acetabular cup placement accuracy and precision in anterolateral supine approach total hip arthroplasty using computed tomography-based navigation POSTOPERATIVE SPORT-INCLUSIVE ACTIVITY AFTER COMPUTER-ASSISTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: ASSOCIATION WITH CUP PLACEMENT ACCURACY AND CENTER OF ROTATION REPRODUCIBILITY Navigation accuracy according to cup geometry and fixation method in total hip arthroplasty Does an Enhanced Workflow Improve Clinical Outcomes in MAKO Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Comparative Study with the Express Workflow Accuracy of Acetabular Cup Placement Using the CT-Based Navigation System Ortoma Treatment Solution in Total Hip Arthroplasty Postoperative patient-reported pain and opioid consumption after total hip arthroplasty: Propensity score matched comparison of the direct superior and posterior approaches Three-dimensional Relationship Between the Obturator Externus Footprint and the Proximal Femoral Axis. Intraoperative Changes in Hip Range of Motion Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Quantitative Analysis Using CT-Based Navigation. Variation and agreement rate in preoperative three-dimensional planning for total hip arthroplasty across hip surgeons Comparing clinical and radiological outcomes for a three-dimensional printed highly porous cup and a hydroxyapatite-coated non-highly porous cup in computed tomography–navigated total hip arthroplasty using propensity score matching
total hip arthroplasty (THA)	Artificial Intelligence Guided Segmentation of Novel CT-Based Navigation Produced Quick Preoperative Preparation and Accurate Cup Placement in Total Hip Arthroplasty Case reports of robotic-assisted hip arthroplasty after wide excision of pubic chondrosarcoma in the anterolateral approach.
Total knee arthroplasty	COMPARISON OF FEMORAL COMPONENT ROTATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL ALIGNMENT VERSUS MECHANICAL ALIGNMENT IN BILATERAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL IMPACT OF INSTRUMENTED GAP-BALANCING TECHNIQUE ON FUNCTIONAL ALIGNMENT TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IN SEVERE VARUS DEFORMITY Factors influencing patient-reported outcome measures two years after handheld robotic assisted bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING DRIVEN DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IMPACT OF THE SURGICAL WORKFLOW AND TECHNOLOGY CHANGE ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY TIBIAL VARUS RESTRICTION DOES NOT COMPROMISE EARLY OUTCOMES IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED KINEMATIC ALIGNMENT TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY FURTHER POSTERIOR DWELLING OF THE FEMORAL COMPONENT ON AN MC COMPARED TO A CR BEARING. A FLUOROSCOPIC KINEMATIC ANALYSIS FROM A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL IMPACT OF DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLUSTER PRESERVATION ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD A Novel Modified Tibial Knee Center Improves the Accuracy of Posterior Tibial Slope in CT-Based Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Levels of constraint affect functional outcome of femoral sleeve in revision total knee arthroplasty Perioperative Femorotibial Rotational Change is Associated with Worsened Intraoperative Knee Kinematics and Poorer Clinical Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty Comparison of Patellofemoral Joint Morphology Between Functionally and Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty MID-FLEXION LAXITY COULD BE IDENTIFIED WITH CONTINUOUS FLEXION-ARC GAP ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH A LARGE PREOPERATIVE CONVERGENCE ANGLE. Evaluation of the use of a pressure-dispersion pad for kneeling after total knee arthroplasty ROBOTIC-ARM ASSISTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED EARLY FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY Preoperative Patellofemoral Alignment Affects Anterior Knee Pain After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Patellar Resurfacing
Total knee replacement	Levels of constraint affect functional outcome of femoral sleeve in revision total knee arthroplasty
Total shoulder arthroplasty	Intraoperative Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Navigation for Treatment of Glenoids with Augmented Glenoid Components in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Intraoperative HMD-Guided Glenoid Pin Placement in Shoulder Arthroplasty: Accuracy, Safe Zone and technical considerations
transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy	Clinical outcomes of navigation assisted transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the head
Trauma Surgery	A Hybrid Physical–Digital Framework for Annotated Fracture Reduction Data Evaluated using Clinically Relevant 3D metrics
trochlear hypoplasty	Preoperative Patellofemoral Alignment Affects Anterior Knee Pain After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Patellar Resurfacing
Trochlear morphology	Comparison of Patellofemoral Joint Morphology Between Functionally and Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
trustworthy AI	Automatic Quality Assessment and Uncertainty Localization on AI-generated digital twins of the shoulder
Tumor sub-segmentation	Novel Automated Sub-Segmentation Tool for Quantification of Tumor Features in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma of the Thigh
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UK biobank	ASSOCIATION OF PLASMA PROTEOMIC SIGNATURES WITH THIGH MUSCLE ADIPOSITY
Ultrasound	Advancing a Tracked 2D Ultrasound System for Assessing Dysplasia Metrics Towards Clinical Deployment
uncertainty estimation	Automatic Quality Assessment and Uncertainty Localization on AI-generated digital twins of the shoulder
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty	ACCURACY OF IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY USING THE CORI SYSTEM
Unsupervised machine learning	UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING DRIVEN DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IMPACT OF DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT CLUSTER PRESERVATION ON EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN NAVIGATED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY UNDER CONTROLLED LOAD
Upper Limb	SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM REPRODUCTION USING AN UPPER-LIMB MUSCULOSKELETAL MODEL WITH PHYSICAL SCAPULOTHORACIC CONTACT
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validity	Three-dimensional evaluation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures: reproducibility and validity of a coordinate system based on the theoretical plane to place the implant (TPI)
Virtual planning	From Imaging to Implant Design: A Fully In-Hospital Computer-Assisted Workflow for Large Bone Reconstruction
Virtual surgical planning	3D Virtual Surgical Planning and Patient Specific Guide Design for Lapidus Surgery in a Hallux Valgus Patient Improving Workflow Efficiency of an Intraoperative Planning and Guidance System for Mandibular Reconstruction Using A Novel Patient-Specific Guide with Radiopaque Alignment for Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: A Case Series
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Wireless Surgical Robotics	Design and Evaluation of a Wireless Robotic System for Long-Bone Fracture Reduction
Wrist deformity diagnosis	Depthmap-based 2D–3D Reconstruction of the Carpal Bones from a Single-View Radiograph for Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Wrist joint	3D Geometric Articular Surface Analysis of the Wrist for Implant Design
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・Cartilage visualization on CT	Cartilage Visualization on Dual-Energy CT Using Optimized Material Pairing
・Dual-energy CT	Cartilage Visualization on Dual-Energy CT Using Optimized Material Pairing
・Material decomposition	Cartilage Visualization on Dual-Energy CT Using Optimized Material Pairing

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