O-Prime: An ODRL-based Privacy Monitoring Framework for Decentralized Environments

19 pages•Published: October 28, 2026

Ahmad Cahyono Adi, Uha Isnaini, Muhammad Hanif and Kabul Kurniawan

Abstract

Digital transformation and the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have significantly increased personal data processing and reuse at scale across various sectors. While used to drive efficiency and innovation, the use of AI models relying on sensitive data poses potential privacy risks, such as misuse, leaks, and violations of personal data protection compliance. Decentralized personal data platforms such as Solid have been proposed as an alternative to centralized data architectures by enabling individuals to store and manage their data within user-controlled pods. However, existing architecture primarily relies on access control mechanisms and lacks mechanisms to monitor how personal data is accessed and used after permission has been granted. This paper presents O-Prime, an ODRL-based privacy monitoring framework designed for decentralized environments. The framework introduces a monitoring gateway that intercepts data access requests between external applications and Solid Pods, enabling policy-based monitoring, semantic audit logging, and context-aware privacy enforcement. O-Prime integrates several Semantic Web standards, including the Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) for expressing privacy policies, the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) for semantic classification of personal data, and the PROV-O ontology for representing machine-readable provenance logs of data access events. Through this architecture, O-Prime enables transparent monitoring of personal data usage, detection of policy violations, and auditable provenance tracking within decentralized data ecosystems. A prototype implementation demonstrates how the framework can monitor third-party access to sensitive personal data stored in Solid Pods, detect policy violations in real time, and present auditable semantic logs through an interactive dashboard.

Keyphrases: decentralization, knowledge graph, odrl, privacy monitoring, privacy policy, solid

In: Andrea Cimmino Arriaga, Beatriz Esteves, Nicoletta Fornara and Víctor Rodríguez Doncel (editors). Proceedings of 2nd Workshop ODRL and Beyond: Practical Applications and challenges for poLicy-base access and usage control, OPAL 2026, vol 113, pages 105-123.

Links:	https://easychair.org/publications/paper/xFmc
	https://doi.org/10.29007/43n8

BibTeX entry

@inproceedings{OPAL2026:O_Prime_ODRL_based,
  author    = {Ahmad Cahyono Adi and Uha Isnaini and Muhammad Hanif and Kabul Kurniawan},
  title     = {O-Prime: An ODRL-based Privacy Monitoring Framework for Decentralized Environments},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd Workshop ODRL and Beyond: Practical Applications and challenges for poLicy-base access and usage control, OPAL 2026},
  editor    = {Andrea Cimmino Arriaga and Beatriz Esteves and Nicoletta Fornara and Víctor Rodríguez Doncel},
  series    = {EPiC Series in Computing},
  volume    = {113},
  publisher = {EasyChair},
  bibsource = {EasyChair, https://easychair.org},
  issn      = {2398-7340},
  url       = {/publications/paper/xFmc},
  doi       = {10.29007/43n8},
  pages     = {105-123},
  year      = {2026}}

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