Land surface temperature behavior in coastal cities is controlled by surface composition, emissivity, moisture availability, and maritime advection. New Damietta has undergone rapid conversion from coastal and sparsely vegetated surfaces to impervious urban fabric, altering radiative forcing and surface energy partitioning. This study analyzes seasonally matched summer Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 Level-1 scenes acquired in 2018 and 2025 to retrieve emissivity-corrected land surface temperature (LST) and to derive the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). The analysis addresses surface urban heat island behavior expressed by satellite-derived LST rather than near-surface air temperature. Results showed stronger 2025 thermal anomalies over zones of expanded built-up response and reduced vegetation. Pearson correlation and ordinary least squares regression confirm persistent positive LST-NDBI coupling and negative LST-NDVI coupling, with R2 values of 0.648 and 0.624 for LST-NDBI and 0.661 and 0.564 for LST-NDVI in 2018 and 2025, respectively. Because one summer scene was used for each epoch, the inter-annual mean LST difference is interpreted together with possible meteorological variability; the strongest evidence therefore lies in the repeated spatial coincidence of hotspots with higher NDBI and lower NDVI.