The scientific research facilities and instruments are important means to explore the unknown world, discover the natural law and achieve technical change, also are important resources of basic condition for technological innovation. How to put the scientific research facilities and instruments in efficient use plays a significant part in the reform of science and technology management. It not only concerns the effectiveness of the fiscal fund, but also affects the innovative ability of science and technology. This paper conducts a study on the condition of the opening and sharing of the scientific research facilities and instruments, and finds that there are still problems such as conceptual ambiguity and barely satisfactory sharing rates in the management of scientific research instruments. The crux of the matter is the system of scientific research management, especially when the management system which is apt to put more value on the research goods instead of researchers hinders the ability of the sharing service, and it cannot function well through the use of fiscal subsidy or economic stimulus unilaterally. Thus, in the point of view of this paper, to enhance the operation rates of the scientific research facilities and instruments, the economic stimulus should be made of cautious use, and the sticking point of the matter is to dredge and improve the scientific research management system. This paper recommends regulating the opening and sharing of the scientific research facilities under the law, specifying the responsibilities and rights of all parties involved, introducing the market mechanism gradually and exploring the mixed operation modes of diverse forms, meanwhile, improving the innovative incentive mechanism of scientific research and creating more ways of support.