Abstract: Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the UK in 1972, the two countries have experienced "Comprehensive Partnership" to "Comprehensive Strategic Partnership". In 2015, it has been upgraded to "Global Comprehensive Strategic Partnership for the 21st century", which has ushered in a "Golden Era". The steady and rising development momentum of bilateral relations has laid the foundation for the "win-win cooperation" between China and UK in science and technology. Based on the thread of the development of bilateral relations, this paper summarized the trend of science and technology cooperation among governments, universities, research institutions and enterprises. It has shown that the visits led by heads of state of both states are accelerators to boost the bilateral relation, multi-channel exchange mechanism between the two enhanced the mutual understanding and trust between the two countries, the existing complementary advantages and common concern from universities, research institutions and enterprises of both sides promote the continuous development of science and technology cooperation. In addition to bilateral S&T cooperation, the two countries have also actively collaborated in multilateral framework under the United Nations. At present, there is huge potential for cooperation in high-tech fields.This article analyzes the reasons underlying the S&T cooperation, the opportunities and challenges in the context of “The Belt and Road”and Brexit .