The Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, specifically the Department of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology, has implemented the use of microalgae as a key tool to develop viable solutions to problems present in the country, also promoting innovation in space research. Microalgae have been the subject of numerous investigations, standing out for their ability to produce biomass and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis, making them essential for the development of life on Earth. The objective of this research is to analyze the use of the microalgae Arthrospira to generate protein-rich biomass and purified oxygen from exhaled CO₂. Entities such as the International Space Station (ISS) and the European Space Agency (ESA) have shown that this species of microalgae is capable of producing these two factors in quantities 3 to 5 times greater in microgravity conditions. These microalgae would not only purify the air by reducing carbon dioxide levels, but would also improve environmental sustainability in confined environments, ideal for the space sector. Furthermore, the generation of protein-rich biomass provides a sustainable source of nutrients for potential consumption by astronauts on extended space missions. This research is a promising strategy for sustaining long-duration missions, expanding the development of efficient and sustainable life support systems using microalgae to support astronaut survival and well-being while simultaneously creating solutions to support the advancement of sustainable ecosystems on Earth.