Bio-inspired helicoidal composite materials have extensive applications across various engineering disciplines. Additionally, thin-walled structures have attracted considerable interest from the scientific community. Nonetheless, research focused on the behavior of bio-inspired helicoidal composite (BIHC) thin-walled beams is still comparatively scarce. This study aims to perform buckling analysis of BIHC thin-walled beams utilizing a First-Order Shear Deformation Theory. The governing equations are formulated based on Lagrange’s equation. Furthermore, the Ritz method is employed to ascertain the critical buckling load of the beams. A comprehensive investigation is conducted into the impacts of different helicoidal configurations, boundary conditions, and slenderness ratios on the buckling response of the beams. This study introduces several innovative findings as a benchmark for subsequent research endeavors.