Infertility is a public health issue, affecting 10–15% of Iraqi women of reproductive age. This review summarizes major risk factors contributing to female infertility in Iraq, with emphasis on local evidence. Key factors include polycystic ovary syndrome (21–53%), tubal disorders (3–61%), ovulatory dysfunction (8–56%), obesity, and pelvic infections. Endocrine abnormalities such as hyperprolactinemia (~6%) and thyroid dysfunction (0.7–4%) were also identified. Regional differences reflect disparities in healthcare access, lifestyle, and exposure to infectious diseases. Infertility in Iraq is a multifactorial condition influenced by lifestyle, endocrine, structural, and infectious causes. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including lifestyle modification, infection control, and early diagnostic services. Future Iraqi studies should investigate molecular and genetic pathways to improve prevention and treatment.