Although Paraguay is one of the world's largest exporters of electrical energy, its energy matrix depends mainly on biomass and hydrocarbons, the latter being imported. Based on this, this study evaluated efficiency measures for the main final use of hydrocarbons identified, namely long-distance land transport of cargo. Long-term diesel and electric rail transport scenarios were studied using an energy model developed in the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning software and an energy, economic and environmental (related with emission savings) analysis was carried out. The results obtained show the great potential for economic, energy and environmental savings with the application of measures to replace end-use and primary energy source technologies in the long term, in all branches of energy demand.