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![]() Title:E-Scooter Safety Assessment using Geofencing at Urban Intersections: A Virtual Reality Study Conference:MT-ITS2025 Tags:E-scooter safety, geofencing, rider behavior and VR simulation Abstract: Adopting electric scooters in urban environments raises safety concerns, particularly at intersections where interactions with other road users are complex. Geofencing, a technology that enforces automated speed limits in designated areas, presents a potential solution to enhance rider safety. However, its effects on rider behavior and trust remain unclear. This study (n=19) examines the impact of geofencing-based speed limitations using a virtual reality (VR) simulation integrated with a 3-Degree-of-Freedom (3DoF) motion platform. Nineteen participants navigated controlled urban intersections under both geofenced and non-geofenced conditions. Results indicate that geofencing influences head movement behavior, with increased situational awareness by a wide scanning area in some scenarios but more focused scanning area in others. While some riders perceived geofencing as beneficial for safety, others reported decreased trust and increased distraction. These findings highlight the need for user-centered geofencing implementations that balance safety, trust, and usability in micro-mobility. Future research should explore adaptive geofencing strategies and real-world applications concerning infrastructure optimizing its effectiveness. E-Scooter Safety Assessment using Geofencing at Urban Intersections: A Virtual Reality Study ![]() E-Scooter Safety Assessment using Geofencing at Urban Intersections: A Virtual Reality Study | ||||
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