Water distribution failures and service outages present significant challenges, often disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities. For example, boil water notices are often enacted to protect public health when natural disasters impact water system operations. In turn, residents must rely on alternative water sources which exacerbates challenges already present post-disaster (e.g., financial burdens, limited mobility). Water system operations are intrinsically tied to community resilience—the ability of a community to anticipate, respond to, and recover from a crisis. However, there is limited understanding of how to model and manage these connections. Consequently, this gap in knowledge impacts the development of evidence-based policies and strategies for capital planning and management. Here, we propose a multi-scale approach to evaluate water system capital planning and maintenance projects based on records of water pipe failures and sociotechnical factors. To do so, we use data about community resilience, social vulnerabilities, and water infrastructure asset inventories from a major metropolitan area. We use a linear regression to analyze pipe failure rates, uncovering spatial patterns of community vulnerability. Preliminary results suggest that technical factors, such as pipe age and material type, are often collocated with challenging household-level economic conditions. These conditions include communities where households have few financial assets and carry significant non-mortgage consumer debt, or those with high rates of part-time employment. Results from this work will provide new insights into how community vulnerabilities are linked to aging infrastructure. Our findings offer valuable perspectives for capital project planning, helping to identify communities that may require targeted resilience investments and expedited response during service outages.