Environmental pressure and technological development is finally bringing Battery operated Electric Vehicles (BEVs) to the roads. Continuous efforts are made to mitigate vehicular emissions by introducing BEVs as an alternative to the Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs), due to zero exhaust emissions and higher efficiency of electric motor. Numerous studies have shown the energy-efficiency benefits of BEVs with respect to ICEVs, but not when BEVs and ICEVs co-exist. In this paper, we evaluate the overall energy-efficiency of mixed BEVs-ICEVs scenarios in-terms of total gasoline and electricity consumption for various penetration rates of BEVs at an isolated intersection. We employed our intelligent intersection management architecture (IIMA) equipped with the synchronous intersection management protocol (SIMP) against the conventional Round-Robin (RR) intersection management. Simulation results using the SUMO simulation framework show that SIMP outperforms RR for different penetration rates of BEVs, achieving up to ~200% upturn under particular traffic conditions.

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