Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are central to modern energy storage technologies, powering applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. However, conventional electrode designs and modeling approaches fall short in addressing persistent limitations in energy density, ion transport, and charge transfer efficiency. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes an advanced mathematical model based on the Butler-Volmer and Fick’s diffusion equations, aimed at evaluating the impact of nanostructured electrodes on charging behavior. The model is simulated using MATLAB to analyze ion diffusion dynamics and electrochemical kinetics under varying electrode-to-efficiency ratios. Results show that increasing this ratio from 1 to 5 leads to a 33% improvement in charging current density, while maintaining a rapid charging time of 10 milliseconds and highly stable current output with a maximum fluctuation of only 0.038%. These findings highlight the potential of nanostructured electrodes to significantly enhance the performance and efficiency of Li-ion batteries. The study underscores their commercial viability and relevance in accelerating the transition toward sustainable energy systems.