ABSTRACT. Since the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei strategy has been upgraded to the national strategy, the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has made significant progress in several key areas. The resident population of Beijing has maintained a double decline in growth rate and increments for four consecutive years, and experienced the first negative growth since 2000 at the end of 2017. At the same time, the industrial structures of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei have been further optimized. However, while the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has achieved remarkable results, it also faces many problems, especially in the coordinated development of population and economy. In order to evaluate the degree of coordinated development, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordination development index is constructed in this paper. The results show that the degree of coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is still declining, but the extent of decline is narrowing. The main reason for this result lies in the systemic barriers of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development system, which makes the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region face sustainable development issues in the process of promoting industrial transfer and building an innovation chain division system. First of all, there is a discrepancy among various decision-makers in understanding the ultimate goal of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, which makes the strategy of coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region not integrate short-term and long-term goals systematically in the process of implementation. Secondly, an integrated system involving multiple departments and multiple aspects has not yet formed emphasizing overall coordination and service. Thirdly, the imperfect mechanisms such as cross-regional control mechanism, policy interaction mechanism, and investment and financing mechanism cannot effectively promote the integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei market. Based on this, we should consider and deal with the problems existing in the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei from the perspective of system and system thinking, and use system engineering to solve the problems. In terms of management system, the decision-making execution system and support system should be established and improved, which can integrate the decision-making subject, practice subject and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development and construction. In terms of management mechanisms, high-level regional cooperation, consultation and coordination mechanisms should be established to strengthen the overall cooperation among Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei governments. In addition, we should take the construction of Xiongan New Area as an opportunity, improve the market opening mechanism, resource sharing mechanism and investment and financing mechanism, promote the comprehensive reform of market integration, and accelerate the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei to a new phrase.

ABSTRACT. With the development of the new generation information technology, the emerging new technologies and innovations enabled new platforms, company and social organizations to make a huge change in rural areas. In this study, we try to figure out the mechanism of the new technologies and rural social innovation. First, we introduce the development of how the new technologies empowered rural China. Under 3-Es(economic, environment, equity) framework, we analyze the potential area in which the new technologies could play a role on the development of small farmers. Secondly, we focus on the practices of development with new technologies from rural social innovation view and analyze the interaction between stakeholders in the rural social innovation. At last, this study put forward some policy implications of encouraging rural social innovation by new technologies in China.

ABSTRACT. China is experiencing a crucial period of the construction of an innovative country right now. The construction of science and technology innovation center with global influence is an important way to reach the goal. From international comparative perspective, we introduce the backgrounds of the current construction of science and technology innovation centers in Beijing, Shanghai, etc., and analyze the basic conditions and specific practices for building a globally influential S&T innovation center in China. And then we establish an indicator system to demonstrate the difference between the science and technology innovation centers in China and in other countries and analyze problems of establishing a global science and technology innovation center. At the end of this study, we put forward a policy framework of how to build a global S&T innovation center in China.

ABSTRACT. Innovation plays a vital role in corporate issues since it brings potentially appreciable profits and shores up their statuses in certain fields, although it may also harness firms, especially smaller ones, with high survival risks. This concern brings forth our research topic: could innovation diminish firms’ risk of failure? Our paper concentrates on hi-tech start-ups and complements existing firm dynamic studies by adopting a comprehensive annual survey dataset from a science park located in Beijing. Using a novel discrete-time proportional hazards model, and thanks to extensive data available, we can take a deeper investigation into this topic. Our research complies with most of the previous studies that show that the benefit from innovativeness outweighs the cost and we solidify our conclusions by considering a few distinctive features existing in China’s economy.

ABSTRACT. In the 1980s, the unemployment rate in Britain remained high. The government launched many employment training programs to help the unemployed update their skills and enhance their ability of "self-employment", and help college students obtain employment opportunities. At the same time, they have greatly reduced the fiscal expenditure. Due to the financial pressure, employment pressure and social responsibility, British colleges and universities offered courses of entrepreneurship education and launched entrepreneurship practice one after another, which opened the prelude to the prosperity of entrepreneurship education in Britain. China's entrepreneurship education started late but advanced rapidly. In 1998, Tsinghua University held the entrepreneurship plan competition, which opened the pioneer of entrepreneurship education in China. In 2010, the Ministry of Education "Opinions on Vigorously Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities and Self-employment of College Students", the innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities entered the stage of administrative promotion. In 2015, "Implementation Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities", the innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities has been upgraded in an all-round way, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education has entered a period of great development.

1. Comparison of the Current Situation of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education 1.1 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Concept UK: Talents with innovative awareness and entrepreneurial skills. China: sense of social responsibility, innovative spirit, entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial ability.

1.2 Course System of Entrepreneurship Education UK: The curriculum system of entrepreneurship + for entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship awareness + general knowledge + entrepreneurship career. China: Innovation and entrepreneurship education is integrated into professional education and cultural quality education to promote the reform of teaching content and curriculum system.

1.3 Teachers of Entrepreneurship Education UK: Teachers in Colleges and Universities = Entrepreneurial Teachers China: The combination of professional teachers, employment guidance and enterprise mentors.

1.4 Teaching Methods of Entrepreneurship Education UK: Teacher-apprenticeship learning methods, work practice projects, field outreach training plus open online courses China: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, Lecture, Forum, Simulated Practice.

1.5 Organizational Carrier of Entrepreneurship Education UK: University Science Park and Business Incubation Center China: Creating Space for All + College Student Activity Center

2. Difference Analysis of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education 2.1 Concept difference 2.2 Course Setting Differences 2.3 Differences in Teachers 2.4 The difference of entrepreneurship education model 2.5 Differences in Management of Entrepreneurship Education

3. Promoting Measures of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education 3.1 Systematic Promotion of Government Policy and Planning 3.2 Multidisciplinary Funds and Investment Funds Support 3.3 Perfect Course System of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 3.4 Interdisciplinary Teachers with High Level 3.5 Diversified Organizations for Entrepreneurship Education

ABSTRACT. The emerging technology industry is in a dynamic environment with turbulent change, hyper-competition, and fast simulator. How to adapt to the wild environment? Focus on temporary or sustainable advantage? What strategy should the organization take based on its characters and the environment feature? The Internet and technology are borderless, most high-technology company will make an international business not only in the developed country but also in fast developing countries. Hence, it is also important to understand the nature and culture of different entrepreneurship environment and take the right strategy to enter the market and to build an advantage.

The general objective of this research project is to advance the conceptual and practical understanding of the Competitive Advantage that affects innovation projects which implement emerging technologies. We expect the resulting in-depth understanding to provide original insights regarding the best strategies, which could be translated into practical tools for the business. Also, this is comparative research of the difference between Canada and China, represent the developed and the developing economy. Since this research is support by the MITACS program, we would like to summarize some useful advice for the Canadian community, both in the academic and business field, for future study and practice.

The research method includes a massive literature review on the theoretical basis, interview, and questionnaire on innovation company and community both in Canada and China. In the literature review, first, examine the dynamic environment in the emerging technology industry, both in Canada and China, based on the theories of organization strategy and project management. Second, study the role of the innovation community and how will it help the company to transform its intangible resource into an advantage, based on the stakeholder theory and actor-network theory. In the field study, it will focus on the emerging technology industry such as Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, and Blockchain. The interview includes 18 companies in VR, AI, and BC, 6 in each. Also distinguish by area, 9 from Canada and 9 from China. Then interview the major innovation community such as the incubators, the entrepreneurs, and investors, etc.

In summary, for the emerging technology industry, the company should focus on a temporary advantage. Everything is changing rapidly. The planner would use an event time more than clock time, and also multi-task rather than a linear model. However, this does not suggest to abandoning the long-term view. Temporary or sustainable is a paradox, contradictory yet inter-related, not a dilemma. The speed is even faster in developing area than the developed area because of the demand for growth which is a nature of the capital.

ABSTRACT. The requirements engineering process has been defined as the set of activities that deal with problem domain understanding, requirements elicitation, requirements analysis and specification identification. It could enhance the effectiveness of complicated outsourcing issues of developing smart city innovative services that exists ambiguous and different stakeholders’ requirements and public needs. The purpose of this paper is to propose a design methodology of conceptualizing smart city services based on information and communication technology (ICT) so as to enhance the domain understanding and specialized service concept. It aims to find an approach to understand the context among living problems, public needs and innovative services as the fundamental design requirements. Thus, a use-case driven design framework was proposed. Above 50 global use cases of smart city innovative services are collected and feature analysis were conducted. Then, we conceptualized six smart city services, namely (1) Ubiquitous cultural creative street side integration services, (2) Smart food and restaurant services, (3) Future make-up and fast fashion services, (4) Smart living experiential marketing services, (5) Entertainment-based innovative services, (6) MICE (Meeting, Incentives, Conference and Exhibition) Integrated Services. The design requirements and service specification are analyzed and identified by expert panel approach and questionnaires to consider different stakeholders’ considerations and users’ requirements. Then, an outsourcing guidance for public services of smart city are illustrated. The proposed use-case driven design method can be utilized for public sector to better find foresight smart city themes efficiently and effectively to propose the detailed service specification and the goal of smart city innovation aiming to meet public needs. Thus, a useful outsourcing document with conceptualization for public innovative services of smart city could be carried out to enhance and ensure outsourcing quality.

ABSTRACT. At present, all countries in the world are facing common grand challenges in production and living (such as sustainable development), and the development of different countries is also facing grand innovation demands (such as manufacturing industry upgrading in China). Universities must play a key role in addressing these challenges and demands, or they will be eliminated by innovative ecosystem. Furthermore, the traditionally fragmented discipline/department/faculty setup system must be broken to achieve large-span collaborative innovation. Top universities around the world are trying to do this, especially in China. Since 2018, Zhejiang University where I work has launched several "discipline convergence plans" one after another, which have achieved initial results. However, especially in China. the traditional discipline regulation power is too strong, so that substantive "convergence" is difficult to achieve in a short time. I believe that it is still a long way to go to achieve major innovation through discipline convergence.

ABSTRACT. In the process of rapid urbanization, traffic congestion has become an urban problem that needs to be solved urgently. The traffic conditions in major cities in China are deteriorating, and traffic congestion has become a normal phenomenon, which has seriously hindered the sustainable development of the urban economy and has become a bottleneck restricting the long-term development of society. As one of the top ten blocked cities, Beijing has maintained a growing number of motor vehicles, ranking first in China. In view of the severe traffic situation, Beijing has adopted various policy measures. Despite the increasingly severe traffic situation in Beijing, the implementation of the existing traffic congestion management policy is not satisfactory. In order to describe the traffic congestion management policy in Beijing and explore the problems in policy selection and implementation, this paper uses the policy texts measurement method to study the external characteristics of the policy and adopts the policy content quantitative method to study the internal characteristics of the policy. In the process, this paper divides the policy stage, combs the change path, identifies the cooperation mode, observes the tool structure, and clears the blocking mode, thus proposing optimization suggestions for the management policy. The study finds that Beijing's traffic congestion management policy has obvious phase characteristics, and the inter-governmental relations between policy-issuing agencies are becoming more complex. It is recommended to increase the enforcement of policies related to congestion management, carefully consider the frequency of use of policy tools, and continuously optimize the cooperation between policy makers.

ABSTRACT. Identification of technology life cycle is an important basis for national policy making, regional planning, and enterprise investment. Thus, it is very important for countries and enterprises to know the current stage of technology. In this study, an indicator based on entropy is proposed in order to identify the technology life cycle effectively. We analyze the trends and characteristics of the indicator’s values in order to determine the stage of technology, select three technical fields (thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display, cathode ray tube, and nano-biosensor) to verify the accuracy of the analysis, and then use 3D printing technology as an example of empirical research. The results show that the technology life cycle of each of the three fields is consistent with the actual situation and that the indicator is reasonable. Consequently, we use the indicator to identify the technology life cycle of 3D printing. In this regard, the emergent stage is 1976–1989, the steady growth stage is 1990–2001, and the growth stage is 2002–present. Such a finding shows that 3D printing technology is still at the growth stage and that we should seize the opportunity to develop this emerging technology.

ABSTRACT. A foreign firm contemplates to go for direct investment in the host country where local firms face borrowing constraint due to credit market imperfection. We show that the probability of FDI vis-à-vis exports will be non-monotonic with respect to the degree of such constraints. Moderate level of constraints discourages FDI while high or low levels provide incentives for FDI.

ABSTRACT. Emerging economies have by far been at the forefront of the mobile money revolution, while developed countries lag far behind emerging economies and grow slowly. With an average growth rate of 181% in the past five years, China has become the world’s biggest user of mobile payment services, 100 times larger than payments scale of the United States. According to the existing literature, the developed countries lead the innovation of digital technology and services, while the significant adoption of mobile money innovations in emerging economies is puzzling. Especially, there is little research available in the literature on factors affecting the adoption of mobile payments in China. This article aims to develop a theoretical framework for diffusion of digital innovation based on the technology S-curve and Schumpeter's model of economic development, and to investigate the trajectories towards a cashless society in China. This article employed a mixed research method based on the data of network infrastructure, adoption rates and an in-depth case study of a successful mobile money innovation of Wechat Pay and AliPay. This articles will reveal the critical factors propelling China’s extraordinary mobile payments growth, such as the popularity of mobile Internet, the high penetration rate of online shopping, the relatively low adoption of other payment and inclusive financial policies. It also explores the key role of the lead firms such as Alibaba and Tencent in guiding the innovation process, and provides a vivid understanding of how digital payments providers could capture the opportunities while benefiting those without access to financial services. This study may offer payment service providers better knowledge of the typical mobile payment user thus adding value to their actions in related and also shed light on the future diffusion and adoption of other digital innovations.