ZCBE 2026: 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ZERO CARBON BUILT ENVIRONMENT

This page contains an index consisting of author-provided keywords.

3
3D printing
3D scanning	Integration of Innovative Digital Technologies in Building Rehabilitation: 3D Capture to Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency Analysis
4
4D simulation	Digital Deconstruction of Buildings: Integrating Industry Workflows and Digital Methods for Demolition Planning
A
absorption	An Investigation into the Feasibility of Using Ambient Environmental Conditions to Regenerate Salt Brine for Application in an Absorption Cycle Heat Pump
Acoustics	Effects of Indoor Lighting and Acoustic Conditions on Working Memory: A Focused Review
Adaptation strategies	Climate adaptation for the Urban Heat Island: a project workflow for the city of Rome
adaptive behaviour	Thermal comfort assessment in residential and non-residential buildings focusing on applicability adaptation and methodological limits
adaptive facades
Adaptive façade	Intelligent Control of Electrochromic Windows: A Multi-Signal Fusion Approach with NSGA-III Optimization Dynamic Thermal Insulation System (DTIS) for Retrofitted Double Leaf walls – Evaluation of Overheating Prevention under Dynamic Conditions
Adaptive façades	Movable Insulation Systems in Building Envelopes: A Review of Heat Transfer Mechanisms
agent-based modelling	An Agent-Based Approach for the Adoption Perspectives of Renewable Energy Communities in Urban Districts
Air gap ventilation	Dynamic Thermal Insulation System (DTIS) for Retrofitted Double Leaf walls – Evaluation of Overheating Prevention under Dynamic Conditions
Airflow	Numerical study using ENVIMET regarding urban environment assessment
airtightness	Airtightness performance of timber building envelopes: design and construction challenges
ambient	An Investigation into the Feasibility of Using Ambient Environmental Conditions to Regenerate Salt Brine for Application in an Absorption Cycle Heat Pump
Anion-exchange membrane electrolysis	Dynamic modelling of green hydrogen production: impact of solar tracking and battery storage on photovoltaic-driven systems
ANN	Data Segmentation Strategies for Short-Term Solar Forecasting: Seasonal and Irradiance-Based Approaches
Annual energy performance
Annual thermal performance
apartment building	Life-Cycle Costs of Apartment Building Renovation in Slovakia – Evidence from Two Representative Case Studies
Armenia	From Zero to 5 MW: Scaling On-Site Solar PV in Mining Regions Through Community-Driven Investment and Feedback Loops
Aspen Plus	Coupled Drying–Gasification–Combustion Pathway for Energy Recovery from Wet Sewage Sludge: A Process Simulation Study and Techno-Economic Analysis
Atmospheric Boundary Layer	Impact of Wind Tunnel Size on Boundary Layer Development and Flow Mapping Around Scaled Building Models with Rooftop PV Panels
Attention-BiLSTM	Probabilistic Forecast-Driven Carbon Peak Hour Identification in PV-Integrated Buildings
autoregressive models	Optimization-Based Linear Models for Predicting Indoor Temperature in Commercial Buildings
B
BAPV	BIPV or BAPV? A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment for Nordic Buildings
bar-assembled circular vibrating screen	Dynamic Simulation of Construction Solid Waste Separation Using Combined Bar Circular Vibrating Screens
Battery energy storage systems	Energy Flow Dynamics and Management Strategies in Renewable Energy Communities: An Italian Case Study
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)	Decarbonising Social Services: Storage Integration and Beneficiary Profiling in Solidarity Energy Communities
Battery scheduling	Smart Energy Management Model for a grid-tied PV system with batteries through A Genetic Algorithm: The Case of a consumer in Valencia
Bayesian neural network	An MLP–BNN Hybrid Framework for Probabilistic Load Forecasting Based on STL Decomposition
BEM	BIM to BEM from a built cultural heritage perspective
Benchmarking datasets
Bibliometric-systematic literature review	Built with People: A Bibliometric-Systematic Literature Review of Urban Regeneration through Digital, Built, Mobility and Social Transitions
Bibliometrix	Built with People: A Bibliometric-Systematic Literature Review of Urban Regeneration through Digital, Built, Mobility and Social Transitions
BIM	Building Digital Twins for Net-Zero Cities: BIM, IoT and Operational Energy Modelling for the Built Environment BIM to BEM from a built cultural heritage perspective Advancing Building Sustainability: The Role of BIM and Modular Integrated Construction in Achieving Net Zero Carbon Objectives: A quantitative approach
bio-based materials
Bioclimatic architecture
bioclimatic potential	Evaluating future climate resilience of residential buildings through bioclimatic potential and passive adaptation
Biogenic carbon storage	Integrated assessment of indoor air quality and life-cycle carbon in wood-based remodeling
Biogenic volatile organic compounds	Integrated assessment of indoor air quality and life-cycle carbon in wood-based remodeling
Biomimetic approach
BIPV	Solar integration in milling industry buildings BIPV or BAPV? A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment for Nordic Buildings
BIPV smart window	Occupancy-Based Climate-Responsive Control of BIPV Smart Windows for Hong Kong Residential Retrofits
Blind	Seasonal Adaptive Thermal Performance of a Double Skin Facade with Multi-temperature Phase Change Material Blinds
blower door testing	Airtightness performance of timber building envelopes: design and construction challenges
blue carbon	Seaweed Gel for Surface-Protected Façades
Borehole	Numerical Optimization Through Detailed Fem Modelling Of Borehole Heat Exchangers Design For A Residential Ground Source Heat Pump In Turin
Building Energy Consumption	National Big Data-Based Analysis of Energy Use Characteristics in Office Buildings
Building Energy Demand	Enhancing Cooling Degree Day Estimation: A Novel Method Embedding Solar and Atmospheric Effects
building energy flexibility	Optimization-Based Linear Models for Predicting Indoor Temperature in Commercial Buildings
Building Energy Modelling	Toward Differentiable Model Predictive Control of Building Cooling Demand: a Physics-Informed Neural ODE Approach Targeted Retrofit Strategies for Decarbonising the Italian Detached Housing Stock
Building energy performance	Can Inclusive Energy Communities Alleviate Energy Poverty? Evidence from Cascais Built-Environment Resilience Responses to Climate Change and Interannual Climate Variability Enhancing High School Students' Understanding of Building Energy Performance and Life Cycle Assessment through Immersive Virtual Reality
building envelope	Experimental Evaluation of Ultra-Low Thermal Conductivity Wood Plastic Composites for Building Envelope Applications in Hot Climates Airtightness performance of timber building envelopes: design and construction challenges Informing Sustainable Design Decisions through Inverse Optimization to Achieve Embodied and Operational Carbon Targets
Building environment
Building Geometry	Building Geometry Controls on Heatwave Surface Temperatures and Thermal Amplification Across LCZ-Based Urban Fabrics
Building Information Modelling (BIM)	Digital Deconstruction of Buildings: Integrating Industry Workflows and Digital Methods for Demolition Planning
building monitoring	Optimising Energy Self-Sufficiency: PV-Battery Integration in Low-Carbon Social Housing
building performance	Digital Twins across the RIBA Plan of Work: A stage by stage framework for low carbon buildings
building physics	Airtightness performance of timber building envelopes: design and construction challenges
Building rehabilitation measures performance	Integration of Innovative Digital Technologies in Building Rehabilitation: 3D Capture to Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency Analysis
Building resilience
Building retrofit	A CityGML Digital Twin approach for neighbourhood-scale retrofit: the INA-Casa Vigne in Cesena (Italy) Optimization Analysis of the Energy Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Vacuum Glazing Retrofit Windows Bio-Based Façade Insulation as a Zero-Carbon Retrofit Strategy: A Typology-Based Assessment
Building retrofits	Energy and non-energy benefits of heat pump retrofits in low-income housing
Building retrofitting	Exploring the relevance of service life in prefabricated solutions for building renovation A Systematic Review of LCA in Residential Building Retrofits: Functional Units, System Boundaries, and Renovation Depth Trade-offs
building roof
Building simulation	Large-scale evaluation of climate-resilient retrofit strategies for Mediterranean buildings under climate change Energy and non-energy benefits of heat pump retrofits in low-income housing
Building Thermal Modelling	Enhancing Cooling Degree Day Estimation: A Novel Method Embedding Solar and Atmospheric Effects
building typology modelling	Bio-Based Façade Insulation as a Zero-Carbon Retrofit Strategy: A Typology-Based Assessment
Building-integrated photovoltaic technology (BIPV)	Optimization Analysis of the Energy Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Vacuum Glazing Retrofit Windows
building-integrated photovoltaics	Building Energy Performance Analysis Through the Integration of Rooftop and Semi-Transparent Photovoltaics
Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)	From Building Skin to Urban Grid: A Multi-Scale Lifecycle Carbon Management Framework for BIPV in Shenzhen
buildings	A novel Spatial Urban Energy and Materials Model: uncovering circular economy opportunities in mobility and buildings in two European cities
Built environment	Energy Communities and Governance of the Built Environment in Latin America: A Critical Review of Gaps for a Just Transition
Built-environment resilience	Built-Environment Resilience Responses to Climate Change and Interannual Climate Variability
business models	Structuring the Data-to-Value Chain: Energy Data, Smart Grids and Business Model Innovation in the German Context
C
Campus Decarbonisation	Climate-Responsive Optimization of a Grid-Connected Microgrid for a Zero-Emission University Campus in Mediterranean Southern France
capture effi-ciency	Vision-assisted event-triggered ventilation for controlling cooking-related exposure in low-carbon buildings: A review and case study
carbon emission	Energy-Efficiency Retrofit and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Mixed-Use Urban Block Based on an Urban Building Energy Model
Carbon Emission Intensity (CEI)	National Big Data-Based Analysis of Energy Use Characteristics in Office Buildings
Carbon Intensity	Probabilistic Forecast-Driven Carbon Peak Hour Identification in PV-Integrated Buildings
Carbon Reduction	Advancing Building Sustainability: The Role of BIM and Modular Integrated Construction in Achieving Net Zero Carbon Objectives: A quantitative approach
case studies	Life-Cycle Costs of Apartment Building Renovation in Slovakia – Evidence from Two Representative Case Studies
CDW	Dynamic Simulation of Construction Solid Waste Separation Using Combined Bar Circular Vibrating Screens
CFD simulation	Analysis of a thermoregulative building façade element
circular construction	Semantic Aggregate: A VLM-Grounded Mixed Reality Framework for Computational Upcycling of Irregular Construction Waste
Circular Economy	Entropy-informed circularity metrics for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions Events (MICE) tourism: a systems framework and case study Stakeholder Dynamics in Circular Construction: A MixedMethods Study of Decision-Making Frameworks for Design for Disassembly Transforming Offices into Housing as a Low-Carbon Strategy: The Embodied Carbon Value of Structural Reuse Digital product passports for building envelope systems: conceptual framework and integration requirements with life cycle assessment
circular products	Exploring the relevance of service life in prefabricated solutions for building renovation
circular renovation	Designing Climate Positive Circular Communities: Lessons from the Voldsløkka Project in Oslo
circularity	A novel Spatial Urban Energy and Materials Model: uncovering circular economy opportunities in mobility and buildings in two European cities
circularity indicators	Exploring the relevance of service life in prefabricated solutions for building renovation
cities	Showcasing the role of integrated and data-driven approaches in driving urban energy sustainability: two implementation use cases in Portugal
citizen	From Policy to Practice: Understanding the Development of Energy Communities in Portugal
CityGML standard	Data integration and co-creation of knowledge for Positive Energy District: Insights from the Making PEDs platform and the San Liborio Case Study
Climate adaptability
climate adaptation	Evaluating future climate resilience of residential buildings through bioclimatic potential and passive adaptation
Climate change	Built-Environment Resilience Responses to Climate Change and Interannual Climate Variability
Climate change mitigation	Passive Radiative Cooling for Building Envelopes: A Review with a Mediterranean Climate Perspective
climate neutral cities	Designing urban engagement strategies for the climate neutral transitions: a critical perspective from the WeGenerate and the GRETA projects
climate neutrality	Understanding Positive Energy Districts: synthesising insights from European Projects
Climate Positive Circular Communities	Designing Climate Positive Circular Communities: Lessons from the Voldsløkka Project in Oslo
climate resilience	Evaluating future climate resilience of residential buildings through bioclimatic potential and passive adaptation Housing Deficiencies and Heat Vulnerability Among Older Adults: A National Analysis and the ClimaSafe Decision-Support Prototype
Climate resilient	Occupancy-Based Climate-Responsive Control of BIPV Smart Windows for Hong Kong Residential Retrofits
climate zones	Towards climate-sensitive envelope design through parametric evaluation of glazing ratios for energy compliance in Romanian office buildings
climate-resilient retrofitting	Large-scale evaluation of climate-resilient retrofit strategies for Mediterranean buildings under climate change
Climate-responsive design	Intelligent Control of Electrochromic Windows: A Multi-Signal Fusion Approach with NSGA-III Optimization
Cloud Coverage	Sky image based solar irradiance forecasting informed by recent cloud evolution
Cloud evolution	Sky image based solar irradiance forecasting informed by recent cloud evolution
Cloud variability	Sky image based solar irradiance forecasting informed by recent cloud evolution
Co-creation	Built with People: A Bibliometric-Systematic Literature Review of Urban Regeneration through Digital, Built, Mobility and Social Transitions
Coastal communities
COBie	Digital Deconstruction of Buildings: Integrating Industry Workflows and Digital Methods for Demolition Planning
Cognitive performance	Effects of Indoor Lighting and Acoustic Conditions on Working Memory: A Focused Review
comfort assessment	Thermal comfort assessment in residential and non-residential buildings focusing on applicability adaptation and methodological limits
community energy	From Zero to 5 MW: Scaling On-Site Solar PV in Mining Regions Through Community-Driven Investment and Feedback Loops
Community energy systems	Can Inclusive Energy Communities Alleviate Energy Poverty? Evidence from Cascais
community-based greenhouse	An Exploration of Community Greenhouse Models for Low-Carbon, Food-Equitable Urban Growing in the UK Midlands
Community-based research
Computational Fluid Dynamics	Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Rates and Thermal Accumulation in Pavement Solar Collectors across Different Flow Regimes Learning the Language of Flow: A Self-Supervised FlowLanguage Framework for Airflow Prediction
computational upcycling	Semantic Aggregate: A VLM-Grounded Mixed Reality Framework for Computational Upcycling of Irregular Construction Waste
computer vision	Vision-assisted event-triggered ventilation for controlling cooking-related exposure in low-carbon buildings: A review and case study
conceptual framework	Digital product passports for building envelope systems: conceptual framework and integration requirements with life cycle assessment
Construction and demolition waste	Semantic Aggregate: A VLM-Grounded Mixed Reality Framework for Computational Upcycling of Irregular Construction Waste Digital Deconstruction of Buildings: Integrating Industry Workflows and Digital Methods for Demolition Planning
construction detailing	Airtightness performance of timber building envelopes: design and construction challenges
Construction sector	A Framework for Designing Local Knowledge Hubs for Workforce Upskilling in the Construction Sector in the Context of the Energy Transition
consumers	From Policy to Practice: Understanding the Development of Energy Communities in Portugal
Consumption Patterns	How Do Renewable Energy Communities Impact Household Energy Consumption? The Case of Agra do Amial
Contribution Index	Building Geometry Controls on Heatwave Surface Temperatures and Thermal Amplification Across LCZ-Based Urban Fabrics
Control Strategy	Investigation on a PCM Ceiling Integrated VRV System for Peak Shaving in an Office Building
cooking emissions	Vision-assisted event-triggered ventilation for controlling cooking-related exposure in low-carbon buildings: A review and case study
Cooling Degree Days	Enhancing Cooling Degree Day Estimation: A Novel Method Embedding Solar and Atmospheric Effects
Cooling demand	Evaluating Humidity-based Economic MPC for Flexible Residential Cooling using a TRNSYS–MATLAB Framework
cooling market	CoolST - Adapting to Climate Change Impact: Crafting South Tyrol's Cooling Future for Energy Resilience
Corrosion rate	Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Hydration in the L-Proline/Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent
Cost-Optimal Analysis	Energy, Environmental, and Economic Assessment of HVAC Retrofits in a Heritage Building
costs	Life-Cycle Costs of Apartment Building Renovation in Slovakia – Evidence from Two Representative Case Studies
Counterfactual Analysis	How Do Renewable Energy Communities Impact Household Energy Consumption? The Case of Agra do Amial
CO₂ emissions	Assessing sustainability of the energy infrastructure for electric vehicle in Colombia Energy and non-energy benefits of heat pump retrofits in low-income housing
CSP	Optical Design of a Hot-Mirror Metal-TCO-SiO₂ Multilayer Coating for Enhanced Radiative Heat Loss Mitigation in High-Temperature Solar Receivers
D
data center	Performance Analysis and Field Measurement of Multistage Cooling System in an Operating Data Center Liquid Cooling System Design and Efficiency in AI Data Centres for Carbon Neutrality
Data driven modelling
data governance	Beyond the conference hall: building a traceable data pipeline to measure urban entropy in Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism
data integration	Beyond the conference hall: building a traceable data pipeline to measure urban entropy in Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism
data pipeline	Beyond the conference hall: building a traceable data pipeline to measure urban entropy in Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism
Data-driven control
decarbonisation	University Campuses as Small Urban Systems for Advancing the Energy Transition: UPV Vera Campus Case Study (Spain) Targeted Retrofit Strategies for Decarbonising the Italian Detached Housing Stock Energy Renovation and Community-based Approaches to Support the Implementation of Positive Energy Districts
Decarbonization of Building Stock	Transforming Offices into Housing as a Low-Carbon Strategy: The Embodied Carbon Value of Structural Reuse
Decision Support System	A CityGML Digital Twin approach for neighbourhood-scale retrofit: the INA-Casa Vigne in Cesena (Italy)
Deep eutectic solvents	Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Hydration in the L-Proline/Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent
Deep learning	A Spatiotemporal Attention Framework for Very Short-Term Irradiance Forecasting Learning the Language of Flow: A Self-Supervised FlowLanguage Framework for Airflow Prediction
Demand response	Smart Energy Management Model for a grid-tied PV system with batteries through A Genetic Algorithm: The Case of a consumer in Valencia
demand-controlled ventilation	Vision-assisted event-triggered ventilation for controlling cooking-related exposure in low-carbon buildings: A review and case study
demand-side flexibility resources	A Review of Demand-Side Flexibility Resources: Definition, Incentives, Planning and Scheduling
Demolition workflows	Digital Deconstruction of Buildings: Integrating Industry Workflows and Digital Methods for Demolition Planning
Densified wood	Durability and dimensional stability of densified wood for low-carbon building applications
desiccant	An Investigation into the Feasibility of Using Ambient Environmental Conditions to Regenerate Salt Brine for Application in an Absorption Cycle Heat Pump
design for disassembly	Exploring the relevance of service life in prefabricated solutions for building renovation Stakeholder Dynamics in Circular Construction: A MixedMethods Study of Decision-Making Frameworks for Design for Disassembly
Digital deconstruction	Digital Deconstruction of Buildings: Integrating Industry Workflows and Digital Methods for Demolition Planning
Digital platform	Data integration and co-creation of knowledge for Positive Energy District: Insights from the Making PEDs platform and the San Liborio Case Study
Digital twin	UAV and digital twin-empowered urban heat risk monitoring and management in Hong Kong
Digital Twins	Building Digital Twins for Net-Zero Cities: BIM, IoT and Operational Energy Modelling for the Built Environment Digital Twins across the RIBA Plan of Work: A stage by stage framework for low carbon buildings
digitalisation	Understanding Positive Energy Districts: synthesising insights from European Projects Structuring the Data-to-Value Chain: Energy Data, Smart Grids and Business Model Innovation in the German Context
digitalization	Building Digital Twins for Net-Zero Cities: BIM, IoT and Operational Energy Modelling for the Built Environment Integrated and Data‑Driven Neighbourhood Regeneration: A People‑Centric Model with Case Study Evidence
Dimensional stability	Durability and dimensional stability of densified wood for low-carbon building applications
Disaster risk assessment
Distributed Photovoltaics	Coordinated EV-Based Flexibility Sharing Between Heterogeneous Energy Zones Under Economic Tolerance Constraints
District Heating	Challenges and potential for integration of low-grade renewable energy source technologies to DH systems in Lithuania
Domestic Hot Water	Comparative techno-economic analysis of PVT collectors in single-family buildings
Double skin facade	Seasonal Adaptive Thermal Performance of a Double Skin Facade with Multi-temperature Phase Change Material Blinds
DPPs	Digital product passports for building envelope systems: conceptual framework and integration requirements with life cycle assessment
drivers and barriers	From Policy to Practice: Understanding the Development of Energy Communities in Portugal
Drying–gasification–combustion	Coupled Drying–Gasification–Combustion Pathway for Energy Recovery from Wet Sewage Sludge: A Process Simulation Study and Techno-Economic Analysis
durability	Seaweed Gel for Surface-Protected Façades Durability and dimensional stability of densified wood for low-carbon building applications
Dust deposition
dynamic energy simulation	Bio-Based Façade Insulation as a Zero-Carbon Retrofit Strategy: A Typology-Based Assessment
dynamic envelopes	Movable Insulation Systems in Building Envelopes: A Review of Heat Transfer Mechanisms
Dynamic simulation	Dynamic Energy Simulation of Modular Concrete Housing in different Portuguese Climate Zones
Dynamic Thermal Insulation System	Dynamic Thermal Insulation System (DTIS) for Retrofitted Double Leaf walls – Evaluation of Overheating Prevention under Dynamic Conditions
E
Economic MPC	Evaluating Humidity-based Economic MPC for Flexible Residential Cooling using a TRNSYS–MATLAB Framework
Economic Tolerance Constraints	Coordinated EV-Based Flexibility Sharing Between Heterogeneous Energy Zones Under Economic Tolerance Constraints
Edge AI	Edge AI for zero-carbon buildings: Energy–performance assessment of real-time vision-based occupancy detection
Education	Enhancing High School Students' Understanding of Building Energy Performance and Life Cycle Assessment through Immersive Virtual Reality
efficiency	Performance enhancement of solar greenhouse heating through dual thermal storage integration Showcasing the role of integrated and data-driven approaches in driving urban energy sustainability: two implementation use cases in Portugal
Electric Vehicle	Residential Energy Districts under a Scalable Framework for ML Surrogate-Assisted Design and Future Adequacy
Electricity load forecasting	An MLP–BNN Hybrid Framework for Probabilistic Load Forecasting Based on STL Decomposition
Electricity pricing	Evaluating Humidity-based Economic MPC for Flexible Residential Cooling using a TRNSYS–MATLAB Framework
Electrification	A data-driven non-intrusive temperature monitoring methodology for electric water heaters
Electrochromic glazing	Intelligent Control of Electrochromic Windows: A Multi-Signal Fusion Approach with NSGA-III Optimization
Embodied and Operating Emissions	Parametric BIM-based Analysis for Glazing Environmental Impact Reduction Considering the Occupants’ Comfort
Embodied Carbon	Semantic Aggregate: A VLM-Grounded Mixed Reality Framework for Computational Upcycling of Irregular Construction Waste Informing Sustainable Design Decisions through Inverse Optimization to Achieve Embodied and Operational Carbon Targets Durability and dimensional stability of densified wood for low-carbon building applications Transforming Offices into Housing as a Low-Carbon Strategy: The Embodied Carbon Value of Structural Reuse
embodied carbon reduction	Designing Climate Positive Circular Communities: Lessons from the Voldsløkka Project in Oslo
Embodied Energy	Enhancing High School Students' Understanding of Building Energy Performance and Life Cycle Assessment through Immersive Virtual Reality
energy	Understanding Positive Energy Districts: synthesising insights from European Projects Integrated and Data‑Driven Neighbourhood Regeneration: A People‑Centric Model with Case Study Evidence An Investigation into the Feasibility of Using Ambient Environmental Conditions to Regenerate Salt Brine for Application in an Absorption Cycle Heat Pump Life-Cycle Costs of Apartment Building Renovation in Slovakia – Evidence from Two Representative Case Studies A novel Spatial Urban Energy and Materials Model: uncovering circular economy opportunities in mobility and buildings in two European cities Showcasing the role of integrated and data-driven approaches in driving urban energy sustainability: two implementation use cases in Portugal
energy audit	Energy Audit of a Historical Public Building with Multipurpose Use: The Case of Las Naves in Valencia
Energy balance	Balancing Renewable Energy Production and Land Use: A Spatial Analysis
energy citizenship	Designing urban engagement strategies for the climate neutral transitions: a critical perspective from the WeGenerate and the GRETA projects
Energy communities	Smart Energy Management Model for a grid-tied PV system with batteries through A Genetic Algorithm: The Case of a consumer in Valencia Addressing challenges in Positive Energy Districts (PEDs): bridging the gap between planning and implementation Mapping Municipal Engagement in Energy Communities in Portugal From Policy to Practice: Understanding the Development of Energy Communities in Portugal Energy Communities and Governance of the Built Environment in Latin America: A Critical Review of Gaps for a Just Transition
Energy Community	Energy Renovation and Community-based Approaches to Support the Implementation of Positive Energy Districts
energy consumption	Edge AI for zero-carbon buildings: Energy–performance assessment of real-time vision-based occupancy detection
Energy crops	Balancing Renewable Energy Production and Land Use: A Spatial Analysis
energy data	Structuring the Data-to-Value Chain: Energy Data, Smart Grids and Business Model Innovation in the German Context
energy demand	Towards climate-sensitive envelope design through parametric evaluation of glazing ratios for energy compliance in Romanian office buildings
Energy Disaggregation	National Big Data-Based Analysis of Energy Use Characteristics in Office Buildings
energy efficiency	University Campuses as Small Urban Systems for Advancing the Energy Transition: UPV Vera Campus Case Study (Spain) Energy Audit of a Historical Public Building with Multipurpose Use: The Case of Las Naves in Valencia Optimization-Based Linear Models for Predicting Indoor Temperature in Commercial Buildings Building Digital Twins for Net-Zero Cities: BIM, IoT and Operational Energy Modelling for the Built Environment Enhancing Cooling Degree Day Estimation: A Novel Method Embedding Solar and Atmospheric Effects A CityGML Digital Twin approach for neighbourhood-scale retrofit: the INA-Casa Vigne in Cesena (Italy) Targeted Retrofit Strategies for Decarbonising the Italian Detached Housing Stock Integrating hybrid solar technologies in building in Mediterranean region. The balance of passive and active energy design Energy-Efficiency Retrofit and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Mixed-Use Urban Block Based on an Urban Building Energy Model Review of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency in UK Holiday Homes and Park Homes
Energy efficiency in buildings	Passive Radiative Cooling for Building Envelopes: A Review with a Mediterranean Climate Perspective
Energy Efficient Construction
Energy flexibility	A data-driven non-intrusive temperature monitoring methodology for electric water heaters Building Energy Performance Analysis Through the Integration of Rooftop and Semi-Transparent Photovoltaics Evaluating Humidity-based Economic MPC for Flexible Residential Cooling using a TRNSYS–MATLAB Framework Climate-Responsive Optimization of a Grid-Connected Microgrid for a Zero-Emission University Campus in Mediterranean Southern France
Energy flow modelling	Energy Flow Dynamics and Management Strategies in Renewable Energy Communities: An Italian Case Study
energy governance	From Policy to Practice: Understanding the Development of Energy Communities in Portugal
energy monitoring	Energy Audit of a Historical Public Building with Multipurpose Use: The Case of Las Naves in Valencia
Energy performance	Dynamic Energy Simulation of Modular Concrete Housing in different Portuguese Climate Zones
energy performance simulation	Building Energy Performance Analysis Through the Integration of Rooftop and Semi-Transparent Photovoltaics
Energy Poverty	Can Inclusive Energy Communities Alleviate Energy Poverty? Evidence from Cascais Decarbonising Social Services: Storage Integration and Beneficiary Profiling in Solidarity Energy Communities Energy and non-energy benefits of heat pump retrofits in low-income housing How Do Renewable Energy Communities Impact Household Energy Consumption? The Case of Agra do Amial
Energy Poverty Mitigation	Solar Energy for Socially Driven Urban Regeneration
Energy recovery	Coupled Drying–Gasification–Combustion Pathway for Energy Recovery from Wet Sewage Sludge: A Process Simulation Study and Techno-Economic Analysis
Energy saving	Development and thermal performance investigation of a smart window with multi-wavelength radiation modulation applied in public buildings Smart Management for Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality: the IBIS-ECO project experience Advances in roof cooling technologies for low-energy buildings An In-Depth Review of Low-Carbon Development Pathway for Public Buildings Based on Life Cycle Analysis
energy self-sufficiency	Optimising Energy Self-Sufficiency: PV-Battery Integration in Low-Carbon Social Housing
energy sharing	An Agent-Based Approach for the Adoption Perspectives of Renewable Energy Communities in Urban Districts
Energy transition	University Campuses as Small Urban Systems for Advancing the Energy Transition: UPV Vera Campus Case Study (Spain) A Framework for Designing Local Knowledge Hubs for Workforce Upskilling in the Construction Sector in the Context of the Energy Transition From Policy to Practice: Understanding the Development of Energy Communities in Portugal Balancing Renewable Energy Production and Land Use: A Spatial Analysis Assessing sustainability of the energy infrastructure for electric vehicle in Colombia How Do Renewable Energy Communities Impact Household Energy Consumption? The Case of Agra do Amial
Energy Use Intensity (EUI)	National Big Data-Based Analysis of Energy Use Characteristics in Office Buildings
Energy Zones	Coordinated EV-Based Flexibility Sharing Between Heterogeneous Energy Zones Under Economic Tolerance Constraints
EnergyPlus Simulation	Investigation on a PCM Ceiling Integrated VRV System for Peak Shaving in an Office Building
EnergyPlus/OpenStudio	A Modular Rhino–Grasshopper Platform for Parametric Design and Behavioral Simulation of Smart Windows
engagement/social acceptance	From Policy to Practice: Understanding the Development of Energy Communities in Portugal
ENSO	Built-Environment Resilience Responses to Climate Change and Interannual Climate Variability
Envelope parameter
environmental indicators	Towards integrated indicators for climate change adaptation: insights from an ongoing research program
Environmental stability	Durability and dimensional stability of densified wood for low-carbon building applications
EPDs	Digital product passports for building envelope systems: conceptual framework and integration requirements with life cycle assessment
ESPs
EU regulation	Digital product passports for building envelope systems: conceptual framework and integration requirements with life cycle assessment
EUCRA regions	Evaluating future climate resilience of residential buildings through bioclimatic potential and passive adaptation
existing building retrofitting
Experimental validation	Analysis of a thermoregulative building façade element
Explainable AI (XAI)	Explainable Smart Home Energy Management via Thinking-Enhanced Large Language Model
F
façade design	Towards climate-sensitive envelope design through parametric evaluation of glazing ratios for energy compliance in Romanian office buildings
façades	Seaweed Gel for Surface-Protected Façades
Field prediction	Learning the Language of Flow: A Self-Supervised FlowLanguage Framework for Airflow Prediction
field test	Performance Analysis and Field Measurement of Multistage Cooling System in an Operating Data Center
Finite Element Method	Numerical Optimization Through Detailed Fem Modelling Of Borehole Heat Exchangers Design For A Residential Ground Source Heat Pump In Turin
Finite-Element Modelling	Thermal Bridging in Window Installations: FEM Analysis of a Novel Thermal Ring Frame
Flexibility Sharing	Coordinated EV-Based Flexibility Sharing Between Heterogeneous Energy Zones Under Economic Tolerance Constraints
flooding	Towards integrated indicators for climate change adaptation: insights from an ongoing research program
food equity	An Exploration of Community Greenhouse Models for Low-Carbon, Food-Equitable Urban Growing in the UK Midlands
forecast 2040	CoolST - Adapting to Climate Change Impact: Crafting South Tyrol's Cooling Future for Energy Resilience
Forecasting	A data-driven non-intrusive temperature monitoring methodology for electric water heaters
framework	University Campuses as Small Urban Systems for Advancing the Energy Transition: UPV Vera Campus Case Study (Spain)
Fresh-air cooling
Fuel Poverty Alleviation	Assessing Technical Solutions for Retrofitting UK Terrace Houses to Achieve Nearly Zero Energy Consumption: A Systematic Literature Review
G
Game theory	From Building Skin to Urban Grid: A Multi-Scale Lifecycle Carbon Management Framework for BIPV in Shenzhen
Genetic algorithm	Smart Energy Management Model for a grid-tied PV system with batteries through A Genetic Algorithm: The Case of a consumer in Valencia
Geothermal Energy	Numerical Optimization Through Detailed Fem Modelling Of Borehole Heat Exchangers Design For A Residential Ground Source Heat Pump In Turin
German energy market	Structuring the Data-to-Value Chain: Energy Data, Smart Grids and Business Model Innovation in the German Context
GIS	Mapping Municipal Engagement in Energy Communities in Portugal
Glazing performance	Integration of Innovative Digital Technologies in Building Rehabilitation: 3D Capture to Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency Analysis
Global horizontal irradiance	Assessment of GHI-GTI Conversion Methods for Tilted Surfaces: Physically Based and Data-Driven Approaches
Global tilted irradiance	Assessment of GHI-GTI Conversion Methods for Tilted Surfaces: Physically Based and Data-Driven Approaches
Global warming potential	Integrated assessment of indoor air quality and life-cycle carbon in wood-based remodeling
governance	Understanding Positive Energy Districts: synthesising insights from European Projects
Governance Framework	A Framework for Designing Local Knowledge Hubs for Workforce Upskilling in the Construction Sector in the Context of the Energy Transition
gravity-driven heat pipes	Performance Analysis and Field Measurement of Multistage Cooling System in an Operating Data Center
Green hydrogen	Dynamic modelling of green hydrogen production: impact of solar tracking and battery storage on photovoltaic-driven systems
Green roofs	Advances in roof cooling technologies for low-energy buildings
Green wall
Greenhouse	Performance enhancement of solar greenhouse heating through dual thermal storage integration
Grid-Connected Microgrid	Climate-Responsive Optimization of a Grid-Connected Microgrid for a Zero-Emission University Campus in Mediterranean Southern France
Ground Heat Exchanger	Numerical Optimization Through Detailed Fem Modelling Of Borehole Heat Exchangers Design For A Residential Ground Source Heat Pump In Turin
Ground Source Heat Pump	Numerical Optimization Through Detailed Fem Modelling Of Borehole Heat Exchangers Design For A Residential Ground Source Heat Pump In Turin
Ground-mounted photovoltaics	Balancing Renewable Energy Production and Land Use: A Spatial Analysis
H
Hazard exposure
Health and wellbeing	Climate adaptation for the Urban Heat Island: a project workflow for the city of Rome
Heat Discomfort	Housing Deficiencies and Heat Vulnerability Among Older Adults: A National Analysis and the ClimaSafe Decision-Support Prototype
heat island	Towards integrated indicators for climate change adaptation: insights from an ongoing research program
Heat pump	Challenges and potential for integration of low-grade renewable energy source technologies to DH systems in Lithuania
Heat pumps	Energy and non-energy benefits of heat pump retrofits in low-income housing
heat vulnerability	Housing Deficiencies and Heat Vulnerability Among Older Adults: A National Analysis and the ClimaSafe Decision-Support Prototype
heat wave	Towards integrated indicators for climate change adaptation: insights from an ongoing research program
heating energy consumption	Bio-Based Façade Insulation as a Zero-Carbon Retrofit Strategy: A Typology-Based Assessment
Heatwave	Building Geometry Controls on Heatwave Surface Temperatures and Thermal Amplification Across LCZ-Based Urban Fabrics
HEI Buildings	Indoor air quality assessment using IoT sensors in HEI buildings in Portugal during winter
Hempcrete
Heritage	BIM to BEM from a built cultural heritage perspective
Hierarchy-Aware Retrieval	HiRAG: A Hierarchy-Aware Multi-Granularity RAG Framework for Intelligent Navigation of Urban Planning and Zero-Carbon Community Policies
High-Carbon Hour Identification	Probabilistic Forecast-Driven Carbon Peak Hour Identification in PV-Integrated Buildings
Historic Building	Energy, Environmental, and Economic Assessment of HVAC Retrofits in a Heritage Building
historic buildings	Energy Audit of a Historical Public Building with Multipurpose Use: The Case of Las Naves in Valencia
holiday homes	Review of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency in UK Holiday Homes and Park Homes
Home Energy and Comfort Management(HECM)	Explainable Smart Home Energy Management via Thinking-Enhanced Large Language Model
hot climate	Experimental Evaluation of Ultra-Low Thermal Conductivity Wood Plastic Composites for Building Envelope Applications in Hot Climates
Hot mirror coating	Optical Design of a Hot-Mirror Metal-TCO-SiO₂ Multilayer Coating for Enhanced Radiative Heat Loss Mitigation in High-Temperature Solar Receivers
housing stock	Targeted Retrofit Strategies for Decarbonising the Italian Detached Housing Stock
Housing vulnerability
Humidity control	Evaluating Humidity-based Economic MPC for Flexible Residential Cooling using a TRNSYS–MATLAB Framework
HVAC	Optimization-Based Linear Models for Predicting Indoor Temperature in Commercial Buildings
HVAC retrofit	Energy, Environmental, and Economic Assessment of HVAC Retrofits in a Heritage Building
hybrid cooling	Building Performance in a Zero-Energy Office in Singapore
Hybrid learning	An MLP–BNN Hybrid Framework for Probabilistic Load Forecasting Based on STL Decomposition
Hybrid renewable energy systems	Integration of Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, and Green Hydrogen Systems for Utility-Independent Carbon Neutrality Housing
Hydrogen bond network	Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Hydration in the L-Proline/Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent
Hydrogen energy
hydrogen energy storage	Integration of Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, and Green Hydrogen Systems for Utility-Independent Carbon Neutrality Housing
Hydrogen refuelling station	Dynamic modelling of green hydrogen production: impact of solar tracking and battery storage on photovoltaic-driven systems
Hygrothermal performance
Hygrothermal simulation	Integration of Innovative Digital Technologies in Building Rehabilitation: 3D Capture to Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency Analysis
I
IEQ/Environmental quality assessment	Numerical study using ENVIMET regarding urban environment assessment
Impact Assessment	Designing and Testing a People-Centred KPI Framework towards Zero-Carbon Neighbourhood Regeneration
implementation gaps	Addressing challenges in Positive Energy Districts (PEDs): bridging the gap between planning and implementation
incentives	A Review of Demand-Side Flexibility Resources: Definition, Incentives, Planning and Scheduling
Indoor air quality	Vision-assisted event-triggered ventilation for controlling cooking-related exposure in low-carbon buildings: A review and case study Integrated assessment of indoor air quality and life-cycle carbon in wood-based remodeling
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)	Indoor air quality assessment using IoT sensors in HEI buildings in Portugal during winter
indoor air temperature	Comprehensive Investigation of Indoor Thermal Effects on Partial Thermal Response of Thermotropic Windows Applied in Office Buildings
indoor environmental quality	Smart Management for Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality: the IBIS-ECO project experience Thermal comfort assessment in residential and non-residential buildings focusing on applicability adaptation and methodological limits Assessing Technical Solutions for Retrofitting UK Terrace Houses to Achieve Nearly Zero Energy Consumption: A Systematic Literature Review Housing Deficiencies and Heat Vulnerability Among Older Adults: A National Analysis and the ClimaSafe Decision-Support Prototype
Indoor lighting	Effects of Indoor Lighting and Acoustic Conditions on Working Memory: A Focused Review
indoor temperature forecasting	Optimization-Based Linear Models for Predicting Indoor Temperature in Commercial Buildings
information	Showcasing the role of integrated and data-driven approaches in driving urban energy sustainability: two implementation use cases in Portugal
Innovative building materials	Passive Radiative Cooling for Building Envelopes: A Review with a Mediterranean Climate Perspective
Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs)	From Building Skin to Urban Grid: A Multi-Scale Lifecycle Carbon Management Framework for BIPV in Shenzhen
integrated design process	Designing Climate Positive Circular Communities: Lessons from the Voldsløkka Project in Oslo
Integrated Energy System
Integrated Planning	Designing and Testing a People-Centred KPI Framework towards Zero-Carbon Neighbourhood Regeneration
internal spatial configuration	Internal spatial configuration and overheating risk in U.K. mid-terrace dwellings
Internet-of-Things	A data-driven non-intrusive temperature monitoring methodology for electric water heaters
Inverse Optimization	Informing Sustainable Design Decisions through Inverse Optimization to Achieve Embodied and Operational Carbon Targets
IoT Monitoring	Smart Management for Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality: the IBIS-ECO project experience
IoT sensors monitoring	Indoor air quality assessment using IoT sensors in HEI buildings in Portugal during winter
J
Just energy transition	Can Inclusive Energy Communities Alleviate Energy Poverty? Evidence from Cascais
Just transition	Energy Communities and Governance of the Built Environment in Latin America: A Critical Review of Gaps for a Just Transition
K
Knowledge Hub	CoolST - Adapting to Climate Change Impact: Crafting South Tyrol's Cooling Future for Energy Resilience
Knowledge Hubs	A Framework for Designing Local Knowledge Hubs for Workforce Upskilling in the Construction Sector in the Context of the Energy Transition
KPIs Framework	Designing and Testing a People-Centred KPI Framework towards Zero-Carbon Neighbourhood Regeneration
L
Land surface temperature	UAV and digital twin-empowered urban heat risk monitoring and management in Hong Kong
Land use	Balancing Renewable Energy Production and Land Use: A Spatial Analysis
Large language model	Learning the Language of Flow: A Self-Supervised FlowLanguage Framework for Airflow Prediction
Large Language Models	HiRAG: A Hierarchy-Aware Multi-Granularity RAG Framework for Intelligent Navigation of Urban Planning and Zero-Carbon Community Policies
Large Language Models (LLMs)	Explainable Smart Home Energy Management via Thinking-Enhanced Large Language Model
Latin America	Energy Communities and Governance of the Built Environment in Latin America: A Critical Review of Gaps for a Just Transition
LCA	A Systematic Review of LCA in Residential Building Retrofits: Functional Units, System Boundaries, and Renovation Depth Trade-offs
LiDAR	Parametric BIM-based Analysis for Glazing Environmental Impact Reduction Considering the Occupants’ Comfort
Life Cycle Analysis	Assessing Technical Solutions for Retrofitting UK Terrace Houses to Achieve Nearly Zero Energy Consumption: A Systematic Literature Review
Life Cycle Assessment	Parametric BIM-based Analysis for Glazing Environmental Impact Reduction Considering the Occupants’ Comfort Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector Incorporating Phase Change Material (PCM) and Metal Foam (MF) Enhancing High School Students' Understanding of Building Energy Performance and Life Cycle Assessment through Immersive Virtual Reality Informing Sustainable Design Decisions through Inverse Optimization to Achieve Embodied and Operational Carbon Targets BIPV or BAPV? A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment for Nordic Buildings
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)	Transforming Offices into Housing as a Low-Carbon Strategy: The Embodied Carbon Value of Structural Reuse
Life-cycle assessment
Lifecycle carbon management	From Building Skin to Urban Grid: A Multi-Scale Lifecycle Carbon Management Framework for BIPV in Shenzhen
lifecycle modelling	Digital Twins across the RIBA Plan of Work: A stage by stage framework for low carbon buildings
Light environment	Spectral effects of S-cone stimulation on visual fatigue and visual comfort under equal correlated colour temperature and illuminance
lighting	Building Performance in a Zero-Energy Office in Singapore
liquid cooling	Liquid Cooling System Design and Efficiency in AI Data Centres for Carbon Neutrality
Liquid desiccant	Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Hydration in the L-Proline/Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent
Literature review	Effects of Indoor Lighting and Acoustic Conditions on Working Memory: A Focused Review
Local Digital Twin	A CityGML Digital Twin approach for neighbourhood-scale retrofit: the INA-Casa Vigne in Cesena (Italy)
Local energy governance	Mapping Municipal Engagement in Energy Communities in Portugal
low carbon solutions	Review of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency in UK Holiday Homes and Park Homes
Low-carbon	An In-Depth Review of Low-Carbon Development Pathway for Public Buildings Based on Life Cycle Analysis
low-carbon cooling system	Performance Analysis and Field Measurement of Multistage Cooling System in an Operating Data Center
Low-cost Sensors	Experimental investigation of atmospheric stability effects on aerosol and NOx retention dynamics within asymmetric urban street canyons
low‑carbon design	Digital Twins across the RIBA Plan of Work: A stage by stage framework for low carbon buildings
M
Machine Learning	A Hybrid PV Power Forecasting Approach Combining LSTM Based Solar Irradiance Prediction with a Single-Diode Physical Model Residential Energy Districts under a Scalable Framework for ML Surrogate-Assisted Design and Future Adequacy
machine-learning	A novel Spatial Urban Energy and Materials Model: uncovering circular economy opportunities in mobility and buildings in two European cities Showcasing the role of integrated and data-driven approaches in driving urban energy sustainability: two implementation use cases in Portugal
Mass flow rate
Material strategies	A Systematic Review of LCA in Residential Building Retrofits: Functional Units, System Boundaries, and Renovation Depth Trade-offs
materials	A novel Spatial Urban Energy and Materials Model: uncovering circular economy opportunities in mobility and buildings in two European cities
MBD-DEM coupled	Dynamic Simulation of Construction Solid Waste Separation Using Combined Bar Circular Vibrating Screens
Measurability	Climate adaptation for the Urban Heat Island: a project workflow for the city of Rome
Mediterranean Cities	Building Geometry Controls on Heatwave Surface Temperatures and Thermal Amplification Across LCZ-Based Urban Fabrics
Mediterranean Climate Energy Systems	Climate-Responsive Optimization of a Grid-Connected Microgrid for a Zero-Emission University Campus in Mediterranean Southern France
Megacity decarbonization	From Building Skin to Urban Grid: A Multi-Scale Lifecycle Carbon Management Framework for BIPV in Shenzhen
Metal foam	Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector Incorporating Phase Change Material (PCM) and Metal Foam (MF)
MIC	Advancing Building Sustainability: The Role of BIM and Modular Integrated Construction in Achieving Net Zero Carbon Objectives: A quantitative approach
MICE tourism	Entropy-informed circularity metrics for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions Events (MICE) tourism: a systems framework and case study Beyond the conference hall: building a traceable data pipeline to measure urban entropy in Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism
Micro-credentials	A Framework for Designing Local Knowledge Hubs for Workforce Upskilling in the Construction Sector in the Context of the Energy Transition
microclimate monitoring	A Data-Driven Framework for Urban Regreening: In-tegrating Environmental Monitoring, Spatial Analysis and Drone-Based Pedestrian Mapping
Microclimate simulation	Climate adaptation for the Urban Heat Island: a project workflow for the city of Rome
Microencapsulated phase change material	Seasonal Adaptive Thermal Performance of a Double Skin Facade with Multi-temperature Phase Change Material Blinds
mill solar integration	Solar integration in milling industry buildings
mining energy transition	From Zero to 5 MW: Scaling On-Site Solar PV in Mining Regions Through Community-Driven Investment and Feedback Loops
Mitigation strategies	Climate adaptation for the Urban Heat Island: a project workflow for the city of Rome
mixed reality	Semantic Aggregate: A VLM-Grounded Mixed Reality Framework for Computational Upcycling of Irregular Construction Waste
mobile health application	Housing Deficiencies and Heat Vulnerability Among Older Adults: A National Analysis and the ClimaSafe Decision-Support Prototype
mobility	Integrated and Data‑Driven Neighbourhood Regeneration: A People‑Centric Model with Case Study Evidence
Model predictive control	Toward Differentiable Model Predictive Control of Building Cooling Demand: a Physics-Informed Neural ODE Approach
Model Similarity	Impact of Wind Tunnel Size on Boundary Layer Development and Flow Mapping Around Scaled Building Models with Rooftop PV Panels
Modular construction	Dynamic Energy Simulation of Modular Concrete Housing in different Portuguese Climate Zones
Molecular dynamics	Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Hydration in the L-Proline/Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent
movable insulation	Movable Insulation Systems in Building Envelopes: A Review of Heat Transfer Mechanisms
multi-climate validation	A Simple Novel Model for Accurate Photovoltaic Performance Prediction Across Diverse Climates
Multi-criteria Decision Analysis	Stakeholder Dynamics in Circular Construction: A MixedMethods Study of Decision-Making Frameworks for Design for Disassembly
Multi-objective optimisation	Intelligent Control of Electrochromic Windows: A Multi-Signal Fusion Approach with NSGA-III Optimization
Multi-objective optimization	Occupancy-Based Climate-Responsive Control of BIPV Smart Windows for Hong Kong Residential Retrofits
Multi-site Sensors	A Spatiotemporal Attention Framework for Very Short-Term Irradiance Forecasting
multistage cooling	Performance Analysis and Field Measurement of Multistage Cooling System in an Operating Data Center
Municipal decision-making	Urban Digital Twins Between Ambition and Practice: A Critical Review of Applications, Gaps, and Pathways Forward
N
National Big Data	National Big Data-Based Analysis of Energy Use Characteristics in Office Buildings
Natural ventilation	Indoor air quality assessment using IoT sensors in HEI buildings in Portugal during winter Internal spatial configuration and overheating risk in U.K. mid-terrace dwellings
Neighbourhood Regeneration	A CityGML Digital Twin approach for neighbourhood-scale retrofit: the INA-Casa Vigne in Cesena (Italy)
Net Load Forecasting	Probabilistic Forecast-Driven Carbon Peak Hour Identification in PV-Integrated Buildings
net zero	Optimising Energy Self-Sufficiency: PV-Battery Integration in Low-Carbon Social Housing
Net Zero Carbon	Advancing Building Sustainability: The Role of BIM and Modular Integrated Construction in Achieving Net Zero Carbon Objectives: A quantitative approach
net-zero	Building Performance in a Zero-Energy Office in Singapore
Net-zero construction	Stakeholder Dynamics in Circular Construction: A MixedMethods Study of Decision-Making Frameworks for Design for Disassembly
Neural ODE	Toward Differentiable Model Predictive Control of Building Cooling Demand: a Physics-Informed Neural ODE Approach
Nitinol
Nocturnal Paradox	Experimental investigation of atmospheric stability effects on aerosol and NOx retention dynamics within asymmetric urban street canyons
Noise-NOx Decoupling	Experimental investigation of atmospheric stability effects on aerosol and NOx retention dynamics within asymmetric urban street canyons
NZEB
NZEBs	BIPV or BAPV? A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment for Nordic Buildings
O
occupancy detection	Edge AI for zero-carbon buildings: Energy–performance assessment of real-time vision-based occupancy detection
Occupancy-aware control	Occupancy-Based Climate-Responsive Control of BIPV Smart Windows for Hong Kong Residential Retrofits
Occupant Comfort	Smart Management for Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality: the IBIS-ECO project experience
Office Building	National Big Data-Based Analysis of Energy Use Characteristics in Office Buildings
Office-to-Housing Transformation	Transforming Offices into Housing as a Low-Carbon Strategy: The Embodied Carbon Value of Structural Reuse
older adults	Housing Deficiencies and Heat Vulnerability Among Older Adults: A National Analysis and the ClimaSafe Decision-Support Prototype
one-diode model	A Simple Novel Model for Accurate Photovoltaic Performance Prediction Across Diverse Climates
Open data	Data integration and co-creation of knowledge for Positive Energy District: Insights from the Making PEDs platform and the San Liborio Case Study
open urban data	Addressing challenges in Positive Energy Districts (PEDs): bridging the gap between planning and implementation
Operational Carbon	Informing Sustainable Design Decisions through Inverse Optimization to Achieve Embodied and Operational Carbon Targets
Operational Energy	Enhancing High School Students' Understanding of Building Energy Performance and Life Cycle Assessment through Immersive Virtual Reality
optimisation	Optimization-Based Linear Models for Predicting Indoor Temperature in Commercial Buildings
optimization	Development and thermal performance investigation of a smart window with multi-wavelength radiation modulation applied in public buildings Comprehensive Investigation of Indoor Thermal Effects on Partial Thermal Response of Thermotropic Windows Applied in Office Buildings
Outdoor comfort	Numerical study using ENVIMET regarding urban environment assessment
overheating	Large-scale evaluation of climate-resilient retrofit strategies for Mediterranean buildings under climate change Internal spatial configuration and overheating risk in U.K. mid-terrace dwellings
Overheating prevention	Dynamic Thermal Insulation System (DTIS) for Retrofitted Double Leaf walls – Evaluation of Overheating Prevention under Dynamic Conditions
Overheating Risk	Assessing Technical Solutions for Retrofitting UK Terrace Houses to Achieve Nearly Zero Energy Consumption: A Systematic Literature Review
P
Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT)	Explainable Smart Home Energy Management via Thinking-Enhanced Large Language Model
parametric study	Towards climate-sensitive envelope design through parametric evaluation of glazing ratios for energy compliance in Romanian office buildings
park homes	Review of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency in UK Holiday Homes and Park Homes
Partial dependence	Building Geometry Controls on Heatwave Surface Temperatures and Thermal Amplification Across LCZ-Based Urban Fabrics
Participatory approach	Smart Management for Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality: the IBIS-ECO project experience
participatory mapping	A Data-Driven Framework for Urban Regreening: In-tegrating Environmental Monitoring, Spatial Analysis and Drone-Based Pedestrian Mapping
Participatory urban planning	Urban Digital Twins Between Ambition and Practice: A Critical Review of Applications, Gaps, and Pathways Forward
passive adaptation	Evaluating future climate resilience of residential buildings through bioclimatic potential and passive adaptation
Passive Building	Analysis of a thermoregulative building façade element
Passive cooling
Passive design	Integrating hybrid solar technologies in building in Mediterranean region. The balance of passive and active energy design Advances in roof cooling technologies for low-energy buildings
passive design strategies	An Exploration of Community Greenhouse Models for Low-Carbon, Food-Equitable Urban Growing in the UK Midlands
Passive House
Passive shading
passive solar utilization
Pavement Solar Collectors	Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Rates and Thermal Accumulation in Pavement Solar Collectors across Different Flow Regimes
Peak Shaving	Investigation on a PCM Ceiling Integrated VRV System for Peak Shaving in an Office Building
pedestrian analytics	A Data-Driven Framework for Urban Regreening: In-tegrating Environmental Monitoring, Spatial Analysis and Drone-Based Pedestrian Mapping
Pedestrian Thermal Comfort	Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Rates and Thermal Accumulation in Pavement Solar Collectors across Different Flow Regimes
People-centred	Designing and Testing a People-Centred KPI Framework towards Zero-Carbon Neighbourhood Regeneration
performance evaluation	Optimising Energy Self-Sufficiency: PV-Battery Integration in Low-Carbon Social Housing
Performance Gap
Phase change material	Investigation on a PCM Ceiling Integrated VRV System for Peak Shaving in an Office Building Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector Incorporating Phase Change Material (PCM) and Metal Foam (MF)
phase change materials (PCM)	Experimental Evaluation of Ultra-Low Thermal Conductivity Wood Plastic Composites for Building Envelope Applications in Hot Climates
Photovoltaic arrays
Photovoltaic generation	Energy Flow Dynamics and Management Strategies in Renewable Energy Communities: An Italian Case Study
photovoltaic performance modelling	A Simple Novel Model for Accurate Photovoltaic Performance Prediction Across Diverse Climates
Photovoltaic solar-tracking	Dynamic modelling of green hydrogen production: impact of solar tracking and battery storage on photovoltaic-driven systems
Photovoltaic Thermal collectors	Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector Incorporating Phase Change Material (PCM) and Metal Foam (MF)
Photovoltaic-battery energy storage system	Dynamic modelling of green hydrogen production: impact of solar tracking and battery storage on photovoltaic-driven systems
Photovoltaic-Integrated Battery-Hydrogen Energy Storage System	Residential Energy Districts under a Scalable Framework for ML Surrogate-Assisted Design and Future Adequacy
Photovoltaic-Integrated Buildings	Probabilistic Forecast-Driven Carbon Peak Hour Identification in PV-Integrated Buildings
Photovoltaic-Thermal	Comparative techno-economic analysis of PVT collectors in single-family buildings
Physics-Informed Neural Networks	Toward Differentiable Model Predictive Control of Building Cooling Demand: a Physics-Informed Neural ODE Approach
planning	A Review of Demand-Side Flexibility Resources: Definition, Incentives, Planning and Scheduling Understanding Positive Energy Districts: synthesising insights from European Projects Integrated and Data‑Driven Neighbourhood Regeneration: A People‑Centric Model with Case Study Evidence
planning tools	Addressing challenges in Positive Energy Districts (PEDs): bridging the gap between planning and implementation
plus‑energy buildings	Designing Climate Positive Circular Communities: Lessons from the Voldsløkka Project in Oslo
PM2.5 Shielding	Experimental investigation of atmospheric stability effects on aerosol and NOx retention dynamics within asymmetric urban street canyons
policy	Targeted Retrofit Strategies for Decarbonising the Italian Detached Housing Stock
Pollutant dispersion	Numerical study using ENVIMET regarding urban environment assessment
Portuguese Climate	Dynamic Energy Simulation of Modular Concrete Housing in different Portuguese Climate Zones
Portuguese municipalities	Mapping Municipal Engagement in Energy Communities in Portugal
Positive energy
Positive Energy District	Energy Renovation and Community-based Approaches to Support the Implementation of Positive Energy Districts
Positive Energy Districts	Addressing challenges in Positive Energy Districts (PEDs): bridging the gap between planning and implementation Residential Energy Districts under a Scalable Framework for ML Surrogate-Assisted Design and Future Adequacy Data integration and co-creation of knowledge for Positive Energy District: Insights from the Making PEDs platform and the San Liborio Case Study
Positive Energy Districts (PEDs)	Understanding Positive Energy Districts: synthesising insights from European Projects
Post-disaster recovery
Probabilistic load forecasting	An MLP–BNN Hybrid Framework for Probabilistic Load Forecasting Based on STL Decomposition
prosumers	An Agent-Based Approach for the Adoption Perspectives of Renewable Energy Communities in Urban Districts
PTC	Optical Design of a Hot-Mirror Metal-TCO-SiO₂ Multilayer Coating for Enhanced Radiative Heat Loss Mitigation in High-Temperature Solar Receivers
Public buildings	An In-Depth Review of Low-Carbon Development Pathway for Public Buildings Based on Life Cycle Analysis
public institutional buildings	Energy Audit of a Historical Public Building with Multipurpose Use: The Case of Las Naves in Valencia
Public Resource Optimisation	Decarbonising Social Services: Storage Integration and Beneficiary Profiling in Solidarity Energy Communities
PUE(power usage effectiveness)	Liquid Cooling System Design and Efficiency in AI Data Centres for Carbon Neutrality
PV	Data Segmentation Strategies for Short-Term Solar Forecasting: Seasonal and Irradiance-Based Approaches A Simple Novel Model for Accurate Photovoltaic Performance Prediction Across Diverse Climates
PV - integration
PV generation	A Hybrid PV Power Forecasting Approach Combining LSTM Based Solar Irradiance Prediction with a Single-Diode Physical Model
PV modelling	A Hybrid PV Power Forecasting Approach Combining LSTM Based Solar Irradiance Prediction with a Single-Diode Physical Model
PV-battery systems	Optimising Energy Self-Sufficiency: PV-Battery Integration in Low-Carbon Social Housing
R
Radiative cooling	Advances in roof cooling technologies for low-energy buildings
Random Forest	Building Geometry Controls on Heatwave Surface Temperatures and Thermal Amplification Across LCZ-Based Urban Fabrics
real-time in-ference	Edge AI for zero-carbon buildings: Energy–performance assessment of real-time vision-based occupancy detection
relative humidity
renewable energy	University Campuses as Small Urban Systems for Advancing the Energy Transition: UPV Vera Campus Case Study (Spain) Assessing sustainability of the energy infrastructure for electric vehicle in Colombia
Renewable Energy Communities	An Agent-Based Approach for the Adoption Perspectives of Renewable Energy Communities in Urban Districts Energy Flow Dynamics and Management Strategies in Renewable Energy Communities: An Italian Case Study Decarbonising Social Services: Storage Integration and Beneficiary Profiling in Solidarity Energy Communities How Do Renewable Energy Communities Impact Household Energy Consumption? The Case of Agra do Amial Solar Energy for Socially Driven Urban Regeneration
Renewable Energy Harvesting	Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Rates and Thermal Accumulation in Pavement Solar Collectors across Different Flow Regimes
Renewable Energy Sources	Challenges and potential for integration of low-grade renewable energy source technologies to DH systems in Lithuania
Renewable Energy Sources (RES)	Integrating hybrid solar technologies in building in Mediterranean region. The balance of passive and active energy design
Renewable Heat	Comparative techno-economic analysis of PVT collectors in single-family buildings
renovation	Life-Cycle Costs of Apartment Building Renovation in Slovakia – Evidence from Two Representative Case Studies Energy Renovation and Community-based Approaches to Support the Implementation of Positive Energy Districts
Renovation depth	A Systematic Review of LCA in Residential Building Retrofits: Functional Units, System Boundaries, and Renovation Depth Trade-offs
Residential building	Evaluating Humidity-based Economic MPC for Flexible Residential Cooling using a TRNSYS–MATLAB Framework
Residential building performance
residential buildings	Evaluating future climate resilience of residential buildings through bioclimatic potential and passive adaptation Thermal comfort assessment in residential and non-residential buildings focusing on applicability adaptation and methodological limits
Residential retrofit	Occupancy-Based Climate-Responsive Control of BIPV Smart Windows for Hong Kong Residential Retrofits
resilient cities	Towards integrated indicators for climate change adaptation: insights from an ongoing research program
Retrieval-Augmented Generation	HiRAG: A Hierarchy-Aware Multi-Granularity RAG Framework for Intelligent Navigation of Urban Planning and Zero-Carbon Community Policies
retrofit	Parametric BIM-based Analysis for Glazing Environmental Impact Reduction Considering the Occupants’ Comfort Targeted Retrofit Strategies for Decarbonising the Italian Detached Housing Stock Internal spatial configuration and overheating risk in U.K. mid-terrace dwellings
Retrofit Strategies	Assessing Technical Solutions for Retrofitting UK Terrace Houses to Achieve Nearly Zero Energy Consumption: A Systematic Literature Review
Retrofitted double leaf wall	Dynamic Thermal Insulation System (DTIS) for Retrofitted Double Leaf walls – Evaluation of Overheating Prevention under Dynamic Conditions
review	Movable Insulation Systems in Building Envelopes: A Review of Heat Transfer Mechanisms Review of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency in UK Holiday Homes and Park Homes
Rhino–Grasshopper	A Modular Rhino–Grasshopper Platform for Parametric Design and Behavioral Simulation of Smart Windows
RIBA Plan of Work	Digital Twins across the RIBA Plan of Work: A stage by stage framework for low carbon buildings
Rooftop PV	A Shared-Benefit Business Model for Rooftop Photovoltaics in Council Housing: Integrating Tariff Design, Tenant Savings and Local Authority Investment Recovery
Rule-based energy management	Energy Flow Dynamics and Management Strategies in Renewable Energy Communities: An Italian Case Study
S
S-cone	Spectral effects of S-cone stimulation on visual fatigue and visual comfort under equal correlated colour temperature and illuminance
scaling renewable energy	From Zero to 5 MW: Scaling On-Site Solar PV in Mining Regions Through Community-Driven Investment and Feedback Loops
scheduling	A Review of Demand-Side Flexibility Resources: Definition, Incentives, Planning and Scheduling
Screening efficiency	Dynamic Simulation of Construction Solid Waste Separation Using Combined Bar Circular Vibrating Screens
seasonal regulation	Development and thermal performance investigation of a smart window with multi-wavelength radiation modulation applied in public buildings
seaweed	Seaweed Gel for Surface-Protected Façades
Selective coatings	Passive Radiative Cooling for Building Envelopes: A Review with a Mediterranean Climate Perspective
self-sufficiency metrics	Building Energy Performance Analysis Through the Integration of Rooftop and Semi-Transparent Photovoltaics
semi-transparent photovoltaics	Building Energy Performance Analysis Through the Integration of Rooftop and Semi-Transparent Photovoltaics
Sensible heat storage	Performance enhancement of solar greenhouse heating through dual thermal storage integration
Sensor placement
sensors	Building Performance in a Zero-Energy Office in Singapore
Sewage sludge	Coupled Drying–Gasification–Combustion Pathway for Energy Recovery from Wet Sewage Sludge: A Process Simulation Study and Techno-Economic Analysis
shape memory alloys
Shared-benefit tariff	A Shared-Benefit Business Model for Rooftop Photovoltaics in Council Housing: Integrating Tariff Design, Tenant Savings and Local Authority Investment Recovery
Short-term forecasting	Sky image based solar irradiance forecasting informed by recent cloud evolution
Single-family Buildings	Comparative techno-economic analysis of PVT collectors in single-family buildings
Sky images	Sky image based solar irradiance forecasting informed by recent cloud evolution
Smart building
smart buildings	Edge AI for zero-carbon buildings: Energy–performance assessment of real-time vision-based occupancy detection
Smart classrooms	Indoor air quality assessment using IoT sensors in HEI buildings in Portugal during winter
Smart Electric Water Heater	A data-driven non-intrusive temperature monitoring methodology for electric water heaters
Smart energy management	Smart Energy Management Model for a grid-tied PV system with batteries through A Genetic Algorithm: The Case of a consumer in Valencia
smart materials
smart meters	Structuring the Data-to-Value Chain: Energy Data, Smart Grids and Business Model Innovation in the German Context
smart window	Development and thermal performance investigation of a smart window with multi-wavelength radiation modulation applied in public buildings
Smart windows	A Modular Rhino–Grasshopper Platform for Parametric Design and Behavioral Simulation of Smart Windows
Social housing	Can Inclusive Energy Communities Alleviate Energy Poverty? Evidence from Cascais Optimising Energy Self-Sufficiency: PV-Battery Integration in Low-Carbon Social Housing Solar Energy for Socially Driven Urban Regeneration A Shared-Benefit Business Model for Rooftop Photovoltaics in Council Housing: Integrating Tariff Design, Tenant Savings and Local Authority Investment Recovery
social innovation	Integrated and Data‑Driven Neighbourhood Regeneration: A People‑Centric Model with Case Study Evidence Solar Energy for Socially Driven Urban Regeneration
Social-Innovation	Energy Renovation and Community-based Approaches to Support the Implementation of Positive Energy Districts
solar	Impact of Wind Tunnel Size on Boundary Layer Development and Flow Mapping Around Scaled Building Models with Rooftop PV Panels An Agent-Based Approach for the Adoption Perspectives of Renewable Energy Communities in Urban Districts An Investigation into the Feasibility of Using Ambient Environmental Conditions to Regenerate Salt Brine for Application in an Absorption Cycle Heat Pump
Solar energy	Assessment of GHI-GTI Conversion Methods for Tilted Surfaces: Physically Based and Data-Driven Approaches Data Segmentation Strategies for Short-Term Solar Forecasting: Seasonal and Irradiance-Based Approaches Comparative techno-economic analysis of PVT collectors in single-family buildings BIPV or BAPV? A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment for Nordic Buildings
solar energy enrichment area
Solar Forecasting	A Spatiotemporal Attention Framework for Very Short-Term Irradiance Forecasting A Hybrid PV Power Forecasting Approach Combining LSTM Based Solar Irradiance Prediction with a Single-Diode Physical Model Data Segmentation Strategies for Short-Term Solar Forecasting: Seasonal and Irradiance-Based Approaches
Solar heating	Performance enhancement of solar greenhouse heating through dual thermal storage integration
Solar irradiance forecasting	Sky image based solar irradiance forecasting informed by recent cloud evolution
Solar irradiance modelling	Assessment of GHI-GTI Conversion Methods for Tilted Surfaces: Physically Based and Data-Driven Approaches
solar photovoltaic energy production	Energy Audit of a Historical Public Building with Multipurpose Use: The Case of Las Naves in Valencia
solar photovoltaics	From Zero to 5 MW: Scaling On-Site Solar PV in Mining Regions Through Community-Driven Investment and Feedback Loops
Solar PV vacuum glazing	Optimization Analysis of the Energy Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Vacuum Glazing Retrofit Windows
Solar PV/T with MCHP module
Solar receiver	Optical Design of a Hot-Mirror Metal-TCO-SiO₂ Multilayer Coating for Enhanced Radiative Heat Loss Mitigation in High-Temperature Solar Receivers
South Tyrol	CoolST - Adapting to Climate Change Impact: Crafting South Tyrol's Cooling Future for Energy Resilience
Spatiotemporal Modelling	A Spatiotemporal Attention Framework for Very Short-Term Irradiance Forecasting
Spectral distribution	Spectral effects of S-cone stimulation on visual fatigue and visual comfort under equal correlated colour temperature and illuminance
Split incentive	A Shared-Benefit Business Model for Rooftop Photovoltaics in Council Housing: Integrating Tariff Design, Tenant Savings and Local Authority Investment Recovery
Stakeholder engagement	A Framework for Designing Local Knowledge Hubs for Workforce Upskilling in the Construction Sector in the Context of the Energy Transition Stakeholder Dynamics in Circular Construction: A MixedMethods Study of Decision-Making Frameworks for Design for Disassembly
STL decomposition	An MLP–BNN Hybrid Framework for Probabilistic Load Forecasting Based on STL Decomposition
straw-based thermal insulation	Bio-Based Façade Insulation as a Zero-Carbon Retrofit Strategy: A Typology-Based Assessment
Structural Reuse	Transforming Offices into Housing as a Low-Carbon Strategy: The Embodied Carbon Value of Structural Reuse
Sub-ambient cooling	Passive Radiative Cooling for Building Envelopes: A Review with a Mediterranean Climate Perspective
summer overheating risk	Bio-Based Façade Insulation as a Zero-Carbon Retrofit Strategy: A Typology-Based Assessment
surface protection	Seaweed Gel for Surface-Protected Façades
surface temperature distribution	Comprehensive Investigation of Indoor Thermal Effects on Partial Thermal Response of Thermotropic Windows Applied in Office Buildings
Surrogate model	Learning the Language of Flow: A Self-Supervised FlowLanguage Framework for Airflow Prediction
sustainability	Assessing sustainability of the energy infrastructure for electric vehicle in Colombia Building Performance in a Zero-Energy Office in Singapore BIPV or BAPV? A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment for Nordic Buildings Showcasing the role of integrated and data-driven approaches in driving urban energy sustainability: two implementation use cases in Portugal
Sustainable and inclusive neighbourhoods	Urban Digital Twins Between Ambition and Practice: A Critical Review of Applications, Gaps, and Pathways Forward
sustainable construction	Advancing Building Sustainability: The Role of BIM and Modular Integrated Construction in Achieving Net Zero Carbon Objectives: A quantitative approach Seaweed Gel for Surface-Protected Façades Digital product passports for building envelope systems: conceptual framework and integration requirements with life cycle assessment
Sustainable events	Entropy-informed circularity metrics for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions Events (MICE) tourism: a systems framework and case study
system dynamics	Assessing sustainability of the energy infrastructure for electric vehicle in Colombia
T
TCO	Optical Design of a Hot-Mirror Metal-TCO-SiO₂ Multilayer Coating for Enhanced Radiative Heat Loss Mitigation in High-Temperature Solar Receivers
technical cooling system	Liquid Cooling System Design and Efficiency in AI Data Centres for Carbon Neutrality
Techno-Economic Analysis	Decarbonising Social Services: Storage Integration and Beneficiary Profiling in Solidarity Energy Communities Coupled Drying–Gasification–Combustion Pathway for Energy Recovery from Wet Sewage Sludge: A Process Simulation Study and Techno-Economic Analysis Comparative techno-economic analysis of PVT collectors in single-family buildings
Techno-economic modelling	A Shared-Benefit Business Model for Rooftop Photovoltaics in Council Housing: Integrating Tariff Design, Tenant Savings and Local Authority Investment Recovery
thalassothermal
thermal	Building Performance in a Zero-Energy Office in Singapore
Thermal Accumulation Efficiency	Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Rates and Thermal Accumulation in Pavement Solar Collectors across Different Flow Regimes
Thermal and electrical efficiencies
Thermal and Visual Comfort	Parametric BIM-based Analysis for Glazing Environmental Impact Reduction Considering the Occupants’ Comfort
Thermal Bridging	Thermal Bridging in Window Installations: FEM Analysis of a Novel Thermal Ring Frame
Thermal comfort	Energy and non-energy benefits of heat pump retrofits in low-income housing
thermal comfort models	Thermal comfort assessment in residential and non-residential buildings focusing on applicability adaptation and methodological limits
thermal comfort prediction	Internal spatial configuration and overheating risk in U.K. mid-terrace dwellings
thermal conductivity	Experimental Evaluation of Ultra-Low Thermal Conductivity Wood Plastic Composites for Building Envelope Applications in Hot Climates
Thermal energy storage	Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector Incorporating Phase Change Material (PCM) and Metal Foam (MF) Challenges and potential for integration of low-grade renewable energy source technologies to DH systems in Lithuania
Thermal monitoring	BIM to BEM from a built cultural heritage perspective
Thermal performance	Seasonal Adaptive Thermal Performance of a Double Skin Facade with Multi-temperature Phase Change Material Blinds Advances in roof cooling technologies for low-energy buildings Passive Radiative Cooling for Building Envelopes: A Review with a Mediterranean Climate Perspective
Thermal storage	Performance enhancement of solar greenhouse heating through dual thermal storage integration
Thermal Transmittance	Thermal Bridging in Window Installations: FEM Analysis of a Novel Thermal Ring Frame
Thermal-dew model
Thermoregulative Façade	Analysis of a thermoregulative building façade element
thermotropic	Comprehensive Investigation of Indoor Thermal Effects on Partial Thermal Response of Thermotropic Windows Applied in Office Buildings
Tilt angle
timber buildings	Airtightness performance of timber building envelopes: design and construction challenges
Tool	CoolST - Adapting to Climate Change Impact: Crafting South Tyrol's Cooling Future for Energy Resilience
transition pathways	Designing urban engagement strategies for the climate neutral transitions: a critical perspective from the WeGenerate and the GRETA projects
transparent envelope
transport	A novel Spatial Urban Energy and Materials Model: uncovering circular economy opportunities in mobility and buildings in two European cities
TRNSYS dynamic simulation	Dynamic modelling of green hydrogen production: impact of solar tracking and battery storage on photovoltaic-driven systems
TRNSYS simulation	Integration of Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, and Green Hydrogen Systems for Utility-Independent Carbon Neutrality Housing
U
U-shaped manifold heat exchanger
UAV thermal remote sensing	UAV and digital twin-empowered urban heat risk monitoring and management in Hong Kong
Uncertainty quantification	An MLP–BNN Hybrid Framework for Probabilistic Load Forecasting Based on STL Decomposition
Upskilling	A Framework for Designing Local Knowledge Hubs for Workforce Upskilling in the Construction Sector in the Context of the Energy Transition
Urban Air Quality	Experimental investigation of atmospheric stability effects on aerosol and NOx retention dynamics within asymmetric urban street canyons
Urban building energy model	Energy-Efficiency Retrofit and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Mixed-Use Urban Block Based on an Urban Building Energy Model
Urban Building Energy Modeling	Residential Energy Districts under a Scalable Framework for ML Surrogate-Assisted Design and Future Adequacy
Urban Canyon	Experimental investigation of atmospheric stability effects on aerosol and NOx retention dynamics within asymmetric urban street canyons
urban climate	Towards integrated indicators for climate change adaptation: insights from an ongoing research program Building Geometry Controls on Heatwave Surface Temperatures and Thermal Amplification Across LCZ-Based Urban Fabrics
urban climate governance	Addressing challenges in Positive Energy Districts (PEDs): bridging the gap between planning and implementation
Urban comfort	Climate adaptation for the Urban Heat Island: a project workflow for the city of Rome
Urban Digital Twin	A CityGML Digital Twin approach for neighbourhood-scale retrofit: the INA-Casa Vigne in Cesena (Italy)
Urban digital twins	Urban Digital Twins Between Ambition and Practice: A Critical Review of Applications, Gaps, and Pathways Forward
urban energy systems	University Campuses as Small Urban Systems for Advancing the Energy Transition: UPV Vera Campus Case Study (Spain)
urban energy transition	An Agent-Based Approach for the Adoption Perspectives of Renewable Energy Communities in Urban Districts
urban engagement strategies	Designing urban engagement strategies for the climate neutral transitions: a critical perspective from the WeGenerate and the GRETA projects
urban entropy	Entropy-informed circularity metrics for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions Events (MICE) tourism: a systems framework and case study Beyond the conference hall: building a traceable data pipeline to measure urban entropy in Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism
urban food security	An Exploration of Community Greenhouse Models for Low-Carbon, Food-Equitable Urban Growing in the UK Midlands
Urban governance	Energy Communities and Governance of the Built Environment in Latin America: A Critical Review of Gaps for a Just Transition
Urban heat island	UAV and digital twin-empowered urban heat risk monitoring and management in Hong Kong
Urban heat mitigation	Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Rates and Thermal Accumulation in Pavement Solar Collectors across Different Flow Regimes
Urban heat risk	UAV and digital twin-empowered urban heat risk monitoring and management in Hong Kong
Urban Living Labs	Data integration and co-creation of knowledge for Positive Energy District: Insights from the Making PEDs platform and the San Liborio Case Study
Urban Metabolism	Entropy-informed circularity metrics for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions Events (MICE) tourism: a systems framework and case study
Urban microclimate	Numerical study using ENVIMET regarding urban environment assessment
Urban Planning Policy	HiRAG: A Hierarchy-Aware Multi-Granularity RAG Framework for Intelligent Navigation of Urban Planning and Zero-Carbon Community Policies
Urban regeneration	Designing and Testing a People-Centred KPI Framework towards Zero-Carbon Neighbourhood Regeneration Integrated and Data‑Driven Neighbourhood Regeneration: A People‑Centric Model with Case Study Evidence Numerical study using ENVIMET regarding urban environment assessment Built with People: A Bibliometric-Systematic Literature Review of Urban Regeneration through Digital, Built, Mobility and Social Transitions Solar Energy for Socially Driven Urban Regeneration
urban regreening	A Data-Driven Framework for Urban Regreening: In-tegrating Environmental Monitoring, Spatial Analysis and Drone-Based Pedestrian Mapping
urban transition guidelines	Designing urban engagement strategies for the climate neutral transitions: a critical perspective from the WeGenerate and the GRETA projects
V
Vacuum glazing	Optimization Analysis of the Energy Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Vacuum Glazing Retrofit Windows
Value chain collaboration	Stakeholder Dynamics in Circular Construction: A MixedMethods Study of Decision-Making Frameworks for Design for Disassembly
Variable Refrigerant Volume	Investigation on a PCM Ceiling Integrated VRV System for Peak Shaving in an Office Building
Vehicle-to-Grid	Coordinated EV-Based Flexibility Sharing Between Heterogeneous Energy Zones Under Economic Tolerance Constraints
Velocity Profile	Impact of Wind Tunnel Size on Boundary Layer Development and Flow Mapping Around Scaled Building Models with Rooftop PV Panels
ventilation mode	Comprehensive Investigation of Indoor Thermal Effects on Partial Thermal Response of Thermotropic Windows Applied in Office Buildings
Virtual Reality	Enhancing High School Students' Understanding of Building Energy Performance and Life Cycle Assessment through Immersive Virtual Reality
Virtual sensing
vision-language models	Semantic Aggregate: A VLM-Grounded Mixed Reality Framework for Computational Upcycling of Irregular Construction Waste
Visual comfort	Spectral effects of S-cone stimulation on visual fatigue and visual comfort under equal correlated colour temperature and illuminance
Visual fatigue	Spectral effects of S-cone stimulation on visual fatigue and visual comfort under equal correlated colour temperature and illuminance
Visual Programming	Parametric BIM-based Analysis for Glazing Environmental Impact Reduction Considering the Occupants’ Comfort
VOSviewer	Built with People: A Bibliometric-Systematic Literature Review of Urban Regeneration through Digital, Built, Mobility and Social Transitions
W
wall section geometry
warm-humid climate
Web-based platform	A Modular Rhino–Grasshopper Platform for Parametric Design and Behavioral Simulation of Smart Windows
Wheat straw	Performance enhancement of solar greenhouse heating through dual thermal storage integration
Whole life cycle	An In-Depth Review of Low-Carbon Development Pathway for Public Buildings Based on Life Cycle Analysis
Wind Tunnel Scaling	Impact of Wind Tunnel Size on Boundary Layer Development and Flow Mapping Around Scaled Building Models with Rooftop PV Panels
Windcatcher
Window Frame	Thermal Bridging in Window Installations: FEM Analysis of a Novel Thermal Ring Frame
Window-to-wall Interface	Thermal Bridging in Window Installations: FEM Analysis of a Novel Thermal Ring Frame
Winter conditions	Indoor air quality assessment using IoT sensors in HEI buildings in Portugal during winter
Wood-based remodeling	Integrated assessment of indoor air quality and life-cycle carbon in wood-based remodeling
Working memory	Effects of Indoor Lighting and Acoustic Conditions on Working Memory: A Focused Review
WPC	Experimental Evaluation of Ultra-Low Thermal Conductivity Wood Plastic Composites for Building Envelope Applications in Hot Climates
WWR	Towards climate-sensitive envelope design through parametric evaluation of glazing ratios for energy compliance in Romanian office buildings
Z
ZEB	Towards climate-sensitive envelope design through parametric evaluation of glazing ratios for energy compliance in Romanian office buildings
zero carbon building	Solar integration in milling industry buildings
zero carbon built environment	Structuring the Data-to-Value Chain: Energy Data, Smart Grids and Business Model Innovation in the German Context
Zero emission building	Intelligent Control of Electrochromic Windows: A Multi-Signal Fusion Approach with NSGA-III Optimization
Zero Emission University Campus	Climate-Responsive Optimization of a Grid-Connected Microgrid for a Zero-Emission University Campus in Mediterranean Southern France
Zero-Carbon	Designing and Testing a People-Centred KPI Framework towards Zero-Carbon Neighbourhood Regeneration
Zero-carbon buildings	A Modular Rhino–Grasshopper Platform for Parametric Design and Behavioral Simulation of Smart Windows
Zero-Carbon Community	HiRAG: A Hierarchy-Aware Multi-Granularity RAG Framework for Intelligent Navigation of Urban Planning and Zero-Carbon Community Policies
Zero-Carbon-Oriented Renovation	Energy, Environmental, and Economic Assessment of HVAC Retrofits in a Heritage Building
zero-emission buildings	Integration of Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, and Green Hydrogen Systems for Utility-Independent Carbon Neutrality Housing
zero-emission built environment	From Zero to 5 MW: Scaling On-Site Solar PV in Mining Regions Through Community-Driven Investment and Feedback Loops
α
α-opic EDI	Spectral effects of S-cone stimulation on visual fatigue and visual comfort under equal correlated colour temperature and illuminance

Disclaimer | Powered by EasyChair Smart Program