ABSTRACT. Abstract: We computed the electric quadrupole transition and determined the relationship between the number of neutrons and M(E2) |2w.u↓ for gamma rays from 2+ to 0+ using Ferston's half-life time for the 84Po and 86Rn isotopes for even-even (A=206- 222). We determine the empirical formula for these relations using the MATLAB tool. For the 84Po and 86Rn nuclides enumerated and displayed, the computed decreased transition probabilities B(E2) e2b2 ↑ values are compared with theoretical and experimental predictions, and they show good agreement with SSANM and FRDM as well as with experimental values of Global. When determining the present work of the transition probability (T), the mean life time (τ (s)), and the theoretical value of the energy state (first and ground) of a strontium isotope, By computing the theoretical value of the total width for gamma decay and the Weisskopf Γ(E2) w. u energy (the Weisskopf single-particle widths), the theoretical value of the energy state (first and ground) and the present action of the transmission force |M(E2)|2 W.u ↓, This is part of the formula where A is the mass number and Eγ is computed in keV. After tabulating, discussing, and drawing the results, it was discovered that the value of |M(E2)|2 W.u ↓ is at its lowest when the magic number of neutrons is equal to 128 and that the values rise as we move away from the magic numbers, that is, when the nuclei are saturated for even-even nuclei and the same subject, regardless of the number of protons.

ABSTRACT. This study presents the experimental setup and performance analysis of a hybrid photovoltaic–battery–electrolyzer system designed for “green” hydrogen production using surplus solar power. The setup integrates PV arrays, lithium storage, power electronics, and an alkaline electrolyzer operating dynamically under real solar conditions. Results show stable hydrogen output up to 511 L h⁻¹ at 2.5 kW and a linear correlation between electrolyzer power and hydrogen flow. The system achieved high efficiency and reliable operation under variable irradiance, confirming the technical feasibility of renewable-powered electrolysis and its potential for future Power-to-Gas (P2G) applications.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. AlSb: Bi films, which serve as a great absorber layer for the thin-film solar cell, were deposited on many different substrates by the thermal evaporation deposition (TED) method. The physical properties of AlSb thin film were studied. The XRD pattern shows that pure AlSb and Bi-doped AlSb have a polycrystalline cubic structure at room temperature, with a preferential orientation along the (111) plane. The effects of Bi-doped AlSb on the direct band gap of thin film was understandable (1.78-1.52) eV. The result of the electrical calculation showed that the energy of activation of AlSb:Bi had several low values and high conductivity. AlSb is a promising absorber layer, offering low cost and acknowledged for its great tunable bandgap, with high optical absorption and the use of earth-abundant elements.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the energy and economic performance of residential photovoltaic systems with fixed structures and single-axis solar tracking in Lima, Peru. Hourly modeling was used, employing actual climate data, electricity demand profiles, and technical parameters from a commercial 5.67 kWp solar kit, considering the efficiency of the modules, inverters, and the annual consumption of the tracker. The analysis included estimates of annual generation, specific yield, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period, as well as a sensitivity study on variations in CAPEX and electricity prices. The results show that the incorporation of solar tracking increased annual production by 43% compared to the fixed system (10,349 vs. 7,220 kWh/year), improving the LCOE to 0.076 USD/kWh. However, improvements in NPV and IRR were marginal due to the higher investment cost and low valuation of surpluses. It is concluded that, under the current tariff context, the economic viability of solar tracking depends mainly on CAPEX and the existence of incentives or favorable tariffs for surplus energy.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to diagnose Cryptosporidium parvum infection in children using the TRAPC1 and TRAPC2 genes. One hundred stool samples were collected from patients attending Tikrit Teaching Hospital between October 1, 2024, and March 30, 2025. Using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain, Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 38% of the samples, with higher infection rates in males (42%) than in females (31.5%). The highest prevalence was observed in the 3-5 year age group (44.4%), while the lowest was in the 13-15 year age group (21.4%). Seasonal variation in infection rates was observed, with the peak prevalence in January (56%) and the lowest rate in October (16.6%). DNA was extracted from 100 stool samples and the results showed the presence of a DNA band in 93 samples out of a total of 100 samples. Conventional PCR diagnosis was then performed using primers for both the TRAPC2 and TRAPC1 genes on 93 samples and the results showed that the number of samples positive for the TRAPC2 gene was 18 samples (19.4%), while the TRAPC1 gene gave a positive result in 26 samples (27.9%).

ABSTRACT. This study was conducted to detect Giardia lamblia parasite and identify its genotypes based on the gdh gene using nested PCR and RFLP techniques. 100 stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhea, aged between 1 month and 41 years, during the period from October 2024 to July 2025. Microscopic examination revealed that (36%) of the samples were infected with the parasite. At the molecular level, DNA extraction was successful in 83 samples, of which 61 showed a primary amplification of (605 bp), and 51 samples showed a secondary amplification of (520 bp). RFLP analysis using RsaI enzyme revealed the presence of genotypes A and B, in addition to mixed infections. The prevalence of type B was 50.98%, followed by type A (39.21%), while mixed infections constituted (9.8%).

ABSTRACT. Neutrons numbers affects the reduced transition probability B(E2) as well as the shape of the nuclide. In this study, to determine how the shape of the nuclide is affected by the changing neutron numbers, reduced transition probability B(E2) and deformation parameter (β2) have been studied for 56Ba isotopes, which have neutron numbers (62-92). Transition probability B(E2) and deformation parameter (β2) have been plotted as a function of neutron number to study the effect of neutron numbers on them. The results showed that the shape of the nucleus is close to a spherical shape when the number of neutrons approaches the magic number.

ABSTRACT. In the current study, we investigated the incidence of breast cancer and determined the most variable clinicopathological parameters in a cohort of female carcinoma patients from Baghdad. We also analyzed whether the heat-shock protein gene Hsp70-hom T/C (rs2227956) polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to developing breast cancer in Iraqi females. The Hsp70-hom polymorphism was analyzed using the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique in 90 breast cancer patients and 40 apparently healthy women as a control group. The results showed a significantly higher percentage of patients (60%) were over 50 years of age (P≤ 0.05). All patients (100%) in the study were diagnosed with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IND). The majority of cases (78%) were classified as Grade II (P≤ 0.05), and there was a notably higher incidence of the T2NM stage (60% or 54/90) (P≤ 0.05). No significant association was found between breast cancer and Lymph Node Metastasis (LNM). Regarding hormonal status, positive results were observed in 82% (74/90) and 70% (63/90) of patients for Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR), respectively, although these findings lacked statistical significance. Furthermore, 90% of the breast cancer cases had the Hsp70-hom TT genotype in a homozygous state (compared to 80% in the control group), with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.25 (95% CI: 0.55-2.18) and a P-value of 0.259. These genetic findings indicate a negative risk association between the Hsp70-hom T/C (rs2227956) genotypes and the induction of breast cancer in Iraqi females.

ABSTRACT. In the present study, the authors intend to examine the potential of gold nanoparticles and thyme extract as an anti-tick to explore the therapeutic efficacy of the two extracts in the treatment of ticks, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and thyme Thymus vulgaris extracts. And the research was conducted on 268 tick samples of cattle in different locations of Salah al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The citrate reduction method has been used to prepare gold nanoparticles and the diameter of the particle is about 20 nanometers. The activity of the various concentrations of gold nanoparticles (2, 3, 4, and 5 mg/ml) and thyme extract (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) on ticks was experimented and their effects were observed at various time intervals (ranging between 30 minutes and 24 hours). The findings indicated the presence of lethal activity of both gold nanoparticles and thyme extract on ticks, and the effectiveness of both extracts augmented with growing levels of concentration and exposure duration. The synergetic performance of gold nanoparticles and thyme extract was also tested and the findings indicated that this combination enhanced the performance of the treatment as compared to the performance of the extracts used separately. This two extracts combination enhanced the rate of action and kill rate. The principal findings of the given research are that gold nanoparticles and thyme extract may serve as the alternative to conventional chemical pesticides to eliminate ticks. Their synergistic interaction gives them a more potent effect and it is possible to suggest that such a combination can be used in the tick control methods in a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly way

ABSTRACT. Although pesticides play a crucial role in agriculture, many of them resist biodegradation. The growing demand for food has driven the intensive use of pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, whose persistence in agricultural soils generates toxic residues that disrupt the native microbiota, threaten human health, and exacerbate environmental pollution. To address this issue, the objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and demonstrate the biotechnological potential of indigenous bacteria from pesticide-exposed agricultural soils for the removal of chlorpyrifos. Standardized microbiological methods were used for sample collection and bacterial isolation, and strain identification was performed with the VITEK 2 microbiological identification system. The results showed that Pseudomonas putida and Klebsiella oxytoca can tolerate chlorpyrifos concentrations up to 500 ppm. Moreover, P. putida exhibited a higher removal efficiency (58 %) compared to K. oxytoca (49 %). This research concludes that the indigenous strains P. putida and K. oxytoca are capable of removing chlorpyrifos, and it recommends further studies to optimize their biodegradation capacity for other pesticides.

ABSTRACT. The study involved enhancing the targeted delivery of the breast cancer medicament doxorubicin using two new nanosystems: a molecular imaging probe (18F-FDG) and nano perovskite (CaTiO₃)₂. Molecular simulations and density functional theory were employed to investigate the interaction of the medicament with proteins in cancer cells and blood. The results indicated that the medicament, when docked with 18F-FDG, could promote selectivity and stability, decrease structural deformation, and thus improve therapeutic efficacy. Nano perovskite offered high electronic stability but decreased biorelease. Optical spectra further indicated no discernible absorption in the visible region, implying its safety for intravenous delivery. These results indicate that nano perovskite is perhaps a permanent carrier, while 18F-FDG can achieve delivery of medicament accurately if the medicament release rate is manageable.

ABSTRACT. Clean water is becoming increasingly scarce, endangering both human and environmental health. Since 1970, wave power distillation has been a process under development for creating freshwater. The system's movements must be represented in the time domain for real-time utilization in maritime structures. Due of the multilayer integrals in the model that the Cummins equation describes, this could present difficulties. Additionally, the measurement of amount must be predicted a few seconds in advance for the majority of control techniques designed for wave energy converters. In the field of energy from waves, this makes short-term prediction a crucial issue. Principal research on the impact of latches energy management exchanger in standard waves is among previous research on the subject. For application in irregular waves and in real time, the Latching control method was expanded in this thesis. In order to construct a system model, a It was implemented using a simple time-variant descriptive modeling of the ID-memory system. The quasi-causal stimulation factors were calculated using a particular method. An augmented Kalmar filter was chosen to anticipate the unresolved control variables. Simulations in MATLAB as well as Simulink were used to test structure factors, control schemes, and estimate techniques. It was verified that the unstructured version behaved as it should. The control algorithm further produced appropriate behavior. But neither efficiency nor irregularity were improved as a result of this. It was determined as a result that locking command is an inappropriate controlling technique for the Wave Oasis. With standards differences from the range of = 0.01 0.03 m a marine condition characterized by Hs = 2.5 and Tp = 9.1, the estimate technique performed satisfactorily for medium to low noise levels (noise amplitude of (0.01 -0.1 m)). The later should be examined or improved, though, if it was anticipated that the measurement noise would have higher levels of noise.

ABSTRACT. Tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanoparticles were synthesized via pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) under varying laser fluences to investigate the correlation between ablation energy and nanoscale structural evolution. The study demonstrates that precise tuning of laser energy enables control over crystallinity, morphology, and optical response through plasma–liquid interactions. X-ray diffraction confirmed the monoclinic WO₃ phase, with crystallite size decreasing from ~47 nm at 100 mJ to ~28 nm at 350 mJ due to enhanced fragmentation and rapid quenching. FESEM and TEM analyses revealed a morphological transition from well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles at low fluence to fused, irregular aggregates at high fluence. EDS spectra verified the high purity of the synthesized material, with slight oxygen enrichment typical of PLAL-derived oxides. UV–Vis absorbance spectra indicated a strong dependence on fluence, with the 100 mJ sample exhibiting the highest optical activity and sharpest band-edge transition, attributed to quantum confinement and reduced defect density. These findings establish an optimal fluence window (100–150 mJ) for producing uniform, crystalline, and optically active WO₃ nanoparticles. The work validates PLAL as a scalable, green, and tunable approach for designing high-performance semiconductor nanostructures for photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents an integrated framework for production and maintenance optimization in a hybrid solar–wind energy system under Nigerian climatic conditions. The approach couples power generation forecasting with reliability-driven maintenance scheduling to minimize life-cycle cost while ensuring operational reliability. Power output is predicted using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), while component degradation is modeled through the Weibull reliability function incorporating a virtual age formulation. A restoration impact factor (α) is introduced to represent imperfect maintenance, quantifying partial reliability recovery after each intervention. Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is predicted using an LSTM-based model trained on normalized operational covariates and updated online after each maintenance event. Results over a 60-month horizon identify the optimal strategy as five preventive and twenty-one predictive maintenance actions, achieving a total cost of €194,000 and maintaining system reliability above a threshold. Sensitivity analysis shows that increasing corrective maintenance cost shifts the optimal plan toward preventive dominance, confirming the model’s adaptive behavior. The proposed α-based framework provides a practical, data-driven tool for reliability-centered maintenance planning in hybrid renewable systems, offering improved cost efficiency and resilience in variable operating environments.

ABSTRACT. The current research aimed to diagnose Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar by the use of nested-PCR. As the study, 100 samples of stool of patients with moderate and severe diarrhea with or without blood in the stool were collected at Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Al-Alam Hospital, and other laboratories in the Al-Alam District (between early October and late June 2025). The age of patients ranged between one month to 40 years with all genders. Diagnosis of the samples was based on morphological and molecular analysis through the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction technique with the emphasis on the 18S rRNA gene with E. histolytica-specific and E. dispar-specific primer pairs. It was found that the general rate of infection of Entamoeba spp. was 65 percent of the total samples examined under the microscope. Molecular study of the Entamoeba genus showed that the 900-base-pair fragment of the 18S rRNA gene was detected in 88% of the sample analysed whereas the Eh1-Eh2 gene of E.histolytica was detected in 42% of the positive samples and ED-1 and ED-2 genes in E.dispar were found in 27%.

ABSTRACT. The present article is focused on improving the productivity of a lubricant manu-facturing company, specifically the packaging line of the presentation of one-liter bottles, to meet the high demand and not lose value for customers. To do this, a product based on Lean Manufacturing standards is applied to this project. The first section provides a detail of the current context in which the case study is de-veloped, the problems of the sector, and an overview of the solutions that are most common. The second part analyzes in detail the key issues that affect profit-ability and their main reasons for the problem in the company under study. The third section reviews the literature in depth on the sets of tools, strategies and guidelines of the latest technology, which provide various success stories. The contribution of the proposed model is detailed in the fourth section, which de-scribes how the proposed problem will be solved.

ABSTRACT. Distribution networks suffer transformer overloads and phase imbalance, exacerbated by sparse load measurements. We propose a data-robust hybrid optimization framework that couples Biogeography-Based Optimization for global exploration with gradient descent for local refinement to allocate transformer loading and balance phases under uncertainty. In simulation studies, the method reduces phase imbalance by 49.99%, cuts overloaded transformers by 28.71% (from 68%), and lowers underloaded units by 10.86% (from 18%). The framework accommodates incomplete daily profiles, enhances reliability, mitigates energy losses and equipment degradation, and supports scalable deployment for grid operations. By uniting metaheuristic robustness with analytical rigor, it offers a practical pathway to extend asset lifespan, reduce maintenance costs, and improve service quality. This work establishes a foundation for data-efficient optimization in distribution systems and paves the way for adaptive, self-healing grids.