ABSTRACT. This article describes the experimental studies to determine the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete in 12 reinforced concrete beams at the age of 5 years using a non-destructive ultrasonic pulse velocity method (NDUPVM). The probable compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were determined by a portable ultrasonic device Proceq - TICO, according to EN 12504-4: 2004. The results were evaluated for three different ways of positioning the transmitter and receiver - direct transition, semi-direct transition and indirect or surface transition. The compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated accordingly the experimental results. The results were compared with theoretically calculated according to EN 1992-1-1. Experimental beams are made by concrete class C25/30, fine fraction of coarse aggregate (dmax=12 mm), consistency S3.

ABSTRACT. Printed electronics is the dynamic developing industrial field. Measurement transducers and sensors, including so called tense-resistive (strain-gauge) ones, are one of the printed electronics items types. The basic advantages of the printed sensors are both high speed and large area production accompanied with opportunity of configuration as well as size and substrates (paper, polymer films, nonwovens etc.) variation. The flexible printed sensors are applied for movement monitoring in both robotic and different technical items as well as for medical or sport purposes as human movement monitoring. In the last case health standards is critical at the active printing composition type selection. In the study the adapted production process of one-axis tense-resistive sensors screen printed on different polymer substrates such as films, porous, fibrous materials with various composition and structure is described. Both commercially available and special processed functional materials with elongation up to 250% were used as the substrates. Various conductive printing compositions containing silver, graphite and carbon nanotubes were tested as the active grid lines base. The sensors volt-ampere responses were obtained at the both high (up to 20%) and low (up to 5%) elongations. The sensors work mechanism as well as the results of grid configuration effect on the sensor activity are shown.

ABSTRACT. Among the well-known magnetic-field microtransducers the magnetotransistors have very important role with the possibility of their sensitivity S1 to vary in a very wide range, 10-2 ≤SI ≤300T-1. In the bipolar lateral magnetotransistors (LMT’s), depending on their specific design and operating conditions, one of the following three main actions prevail: a) emitter-injection modulation (EIM) by means of the Hall voltage from majority carriers in the base; b) Lorentz deflection of minority carriers in short samples and c) magnetoconcentration effect. The EIM is characterized with highest transduction efficiency. The properties of magnetotransistors have been investigated above all in a homogeneous magnetic field. Recently, however, the problems associated with the study of inhomogeneous magnetic fields, for example in medicine and navigation, has strongly increased. The present publication describes two innovative p+-n-p+ LMT’s with unusual characteristics. The first device possess single collector, three base contacts. The emitter is directly connected with one base contact, thus in the input volt-ampere dependence IE-VEB a negative part is generated. That’s why strong emitter-injection modulation arises. As a result at small collector currents the sensitivity is very high, reaching SI~104T-1 or 106%T. This non-conventional result is appropriated for registration of the Еarth magnetic field. In the second two-collector LMT sensor it was found experimentally very useful for metrology property in gradient magnetic field ∂B/∂x. When the collector currents are equal at induction B=0, i.e. the device is offset-less, arise linear control of the sum of collector currents by the magnetic-field gradient. The electrical asymmetry of the LMT’s, ∆IC1,2(B = 0) ≠ 0, leads by all means to galvanomagnetic asymmetry, as well. This implies that the action of the Lorentz force FL to the left and to the right of the emitter E is different. In a gradient magnetic field ∂B/∂x (inductions B1 and B2 in the collector zones C1 and C2 of the LMT are different) the sum of collector currents will be different. Therefore, the sum IC1,2(B) = IC1(B) + IC2(B) is a measure of the magnetic field gradient ∂B/lC1,2 at a intercollector distance lC1,2. Thus, LMT gradient sensor with high spatial resolution is accomplished.

ABSTRACT. The mass flowrate measurement is a widespread problem, which is successfully addressed by Coriolis flowmeters at one-phase flow. However, the necessity of the mass flow rate measurement at multi-phase or multi-components flow is also increasing. Nevertheless, at these flow conditions, the error of a Coriolis flowmeter rises dramatically. Hence, that problem requires developing more advanced algorithms for estimating oscillation parameters of Coriolis flowmeter tubes. This paper introduces a new algorithm for estimating oscillation parameters of a Coriolis flowmeter at two-phase flow by Prony method. The Prony-based algorithm performance is tested via simulation on a mathematical model of Coriolis flowmeter signals. The simulation results of the Prony-based algorithm are compared with the known zero-crossing and Hilbert transform algorithms.

ABSTRACT. Device for moisture-measurement of bulk and liquid materials has been developed. By means based on Grey Code usage, optimal by cost experimental plan has been obtained. After the experiment occurred math model has been built. Device parameters that ensure maximal measurement accuracy have been determined.

ABSTRACT. The laser interferometric oil manometer (LIOM), developed at VNIIM, Russia, in 2011, is the national pressure standard in the range 0.1-1000 Pa. The uncertainty of pressure measurements in the lower part of the range is mainly determined by the resolution of the interferometer, which is a half of laser wavelength (1.4 mPa). Now a new LIOM with high resolution is being developed in VNIIM. This manometer is equipped with the phase modulation interferometer. One of the interferometer mirrors is mounted on a piezo driver, which is controlled by a sawtooth voltage. The voltage amplitude is that the path difference changes periodically and linearly in time by one wavelength. The modulating voltage is synchronized with a pulse generator having a frequency 128 times higher than the modulating voltage. The fractional part of the fringe is determined by the number of pulses counted from the start of the modulation period till the beginning of the next fringe. It is assumed that the resolution of the new LIOM will be about one hundredth of the laser wavelength.

ABSTRACT. A prototype of a multi-gas-sensing head is developed for early detection of conventional (criteria) pollutant gases and their concentration. Its main purpose is air quality monitoring in office or residential buildings, industrial facilities and for outdoor applications. This may be used from the respective authorities to take due measures preventing gas spreading and most importantly person's health from the impact of the target gas. The prototype is designed to give access to the signals from the sensor circuits via a single USB port. Two LabVIEW VIs are developed: one that detects, observes and transforms these signals in a suitable manner and a separate application to visualize them with a human readable value.

ABSTRACT. Current requirements of industry are directly linked to product quality assurance, which directly reflects the need to control products at every stage of production. These requirements are maximized in mass production and, in particular, in the automotive industry. To the use in automotive measuring systems there are increased requirements related to the application of the standard ISO 9001-2015 & IATF 16949 and in particular with the analysis of the capabilities of the measurement systems and the application of the MSA methodology.

ABSTRACT. The paper describes the development of a mathematical model of the displacements obtained in the cutting tools at boring holes on machining centers. To achieve the goal, a full three-factor experiment was carried out. A graphical representation of the created model is proposed. The areas of its application are indicated.

ABSTRACT. The article shows that due to incomplete knowledge about the controlled value, which is reflected by the distribution of its probabilities, there is a risk of an incorrect decision when determining whether an item complies with the specified requirements. This is due to the influence of measurement uncertainty in the implementation of the control procedure. Incorrect decisions are of two types: when the value of the controlled property does not correspond to the norm, but a decision is made on conformity and vice versa, when the item of interest conforms to a specified requirement is recognized as non-conforming according to the measurement results. The associated risks are attributed respectively to the consumer's risk and the producer's risk. In the case of the study of an object taken from a set of similar items, global risks should be considered. Their presence makes it necessary to establish a balance between producer and consumer risks. To minimize losses associated with incorrect decisions, one of the probability components of incorrect decisions can be reduced by increasing the probability of the other component by corresponding shift of the acceptance limits relative to the tolerance interval. We consider the problem of calculating the probability of conformity and the probability of incorrect decisions for given parameters of the distribution function of possible values of a controlled quantity for given limits of the tolerance interval. With known characteristics of the production process and the measuring system, knowledge about possible incorrect decisions in relation to a randomly selected object is determined based on their joint probability density, which is defined as the product of PDF of the possible values of the monitored property and the measuring system. It is shown that based on the capabilities of the measuring system use of a guard band, proportional measurement uncertainty increases the producer's risk. The sequential method of step-by-step reduction of the width of the guard band is considered. This ensures the required reliability of compliance decisions with minimal producer's risk.

ABSTRACT. The presented paper is a continuation of research which was conducted and presented in the previous articles. The focus of the paper is to present the metrological limitation of the application of the three-point method in the measurement system dedicated to measuring the roundness of the inner surface. The paper presents simulations showing the influence of mechanics and algorithms on the accuracy of the device. The simulations are made using CAD software. The results and analysis could be used to further investigations and development of systems based on the three-point method as well as help designers who want to design devices to measure roundness based on the three-point method.

ABSTRACT. Тhe assessment of form and orientation of the surfaces of large-scaled details is a serious metrological problem, especially as regards the reproduction of the topography and their relative position. In practice, single-channel laser measuring systems with an output base of the energy axis of the laser beam are often used, in which the initial setup and collection of primary measurement information is a major problem. The present paper presents the developed and tested dual-channel laser measuring system, which makes it possible to significantly simplify the technological process of measurement.

ABSTRACT. The article explores the influence of the applied torque onto closing the bottles with screw caps on the resulting closing force. By using a specialized stand, an experiment was conducted to measure the force generated at the automated closing. A graphical representation of the experiment's results is proposed.

ABSTRACT. The problem of the formation of a normalized unbalance during the accounting operations of petroleum products is considered, its relevance and the need for a speedy solution are emphasized. Identified sources of measurement uncertainty, causing the occurrence of unbalance. Recommendations for taking into account unbalance when developing new regulatory documents in the oil sector are given

ABSTRACT. The work presented is an injection molding filling analysis of a complex polymer component. Assessment of accuracy and precision of the manufacturing process between a virtual prototype and a physical model is achieved by a way of a 3-dimensional laser scanning technology. Defined are basic advantages and potentialities for such an assessment as well as suggestions towards the manufacturing process for achieving the desired quality and accuracy.