MIC2026: 16TH METAHEURISTICS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

This page contains an index consisting of author-provided keywords.

2
2-Stage Guillotine	A genetic algorithm approach for the discrete and continuous two-dimensional variable-sized stock problems
3
3D Pose	3DHybrid: A Transformer-Based Framework with Cross-Frame Interaction for Monocular Human Pose Estimation
5
5G/LTE	A Non-dominated Sorting Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm for the Multi-Objective Physical Cell Identity Assignment Problem
A
Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search	The value of collaborative exchange in the E-VRPTW with Stochastic Waiting Times From algorithmic competition to empirical science: a new metaheuristics paradigm
Adaptive parameter control	Large Language Models for Automatic Algorithm Configuration - An Empirical Study on Black-Box Optimization Code World Models for Parameter Control in Evolutionary Algorithms
Agile Optimization	Using Biased-Randomized Transformers as a Deep Heuristic for Agile Optimization
Agile sprint planning	A temperature guided quantum hybrid column generation heuristic for the Agile Sprint Planning Problem
Agricultural field operations	A matheuristic approach for the Collision-Free Multiple Close-Enough Arc Routing Problem
Algorithm configuration	A Bi-Objective Formulation of the K-Page Crossing Number Minimization Problem
Algorithm selection	Autoencoder-Based Novelty Search for Instance Generation: A Case Study on the Linear Ordering Problem
ALNS	An Adaptive Large Neighbourhood Search for the Selective Multi-Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem
Another	An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search For The Automated Guided Vehicle Scheduling With Battery Constraints
Ant Colony Optimization	Exploring Parameter Sensitivity and Grouping Strategies in Ant Colony Optimization for Weighted Networks A metaheuristic framework for solving the 2D flexible stock x cutting stock problem Ant Colony Optimization Method Incorporating a Probability Density Function Determination Based on Information Entropy Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimization Approach for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Profits
Assignment Problems	Fourier Transform-based instance decomposition for k-adic Assignment Problems
Autoencoders	Autoencoder-Based Novelty Search for Instance Generation: A Case Study on the Linear Ordering Problem
Automated Algorithm Design	Intelligent Optimization for self-improving reliable Artificial Intelligence
Automated Guided Vehicles	AGV Scheduling with Battery Constraints by Multi-Neighborhood Search An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search For The Automated Guided Vehicle Scheduling With Battery Constraints
Automated Heuristic Design	LLM-Guided Genetic Programming for Automated Constructive Heuristic Design: An Application to the Set Packing Problem
automatic algorithm configuration	irace-evo: Automatic Algorithm Configuration Extended With LLM-Based Code Evolution
B
Battery Constraints	AGV Scheduling with Battery Constraints by Multi-Neighborhood Search
Benchmarking	Impact of Scaling and Rounding on Metaheuristic Performance for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows Impact of temperature-length strategies on Simulated Annealing performance
Best Improvement	Best-improving Local Search using candidate list strategies: An empirical analysis for the Traveling Salesman Problem
bi-level problem	A bi-objective time consistent vehicle routing problem for home chemotherapy
Bi-objective	Shiftwork Scheduling Problem Incorporating Worker Health and Well-Being conditions under a bi-objective NSGAII approach
Biased Random Key Genetic Algorithm	A genetic algorithm approach for the discrete and continuous two-dimensional variable-sized stock problems A Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm with Rolling Horizon for the Meal Delivery Routing Problem
Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm	A Non-dominated Sorting Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm for the Multi-Objective Physical Cell Identity Assignment Problem
Biased Randomization	Using Biased-Randomized Transformers as a Deep Heuristic for Agile Optimization
Bilevel Optimization	Bilevel Optimization for Fair Energy Communities Using a Hybrid Metaheuristic
bin packing	irace-evo: Automatic Algorithm Configuration Extended With LLM-Based Code Evolution
Binary Optimization Problem	Strategic Oscillation Strategies for Set Covering Problem
BKS	CVRPLIB BKS Challenge: attempt, defeat and feedback
Butterfly Optimization Algorithm	Performance Evaluation of Metaheuristic-Based Routing Strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
C
Candidate List	Best-improving Local Search using candidate list strategies: An empirical analysis for the Traveling Salesman Problem
capacitated vehicle	An Adaptive Large Neighbourhood Search for the Selective Multi-Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem
Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem	FILO2xe for Galileo: Linking Multiple FILO2x Extended Runs A Hybrid Chaotic Search Method for Solving CVRP
CEC Benchmark	Quantum-Reinforced Dual-Space Differential Evolution: A Synergistic Integration for Global Optimization
Challenge	CVRPLIB BKS Challenge: attempt, defeat and feedback
Chaotic search	A Hybrid Chaotic Search Method for Solving CVRP
Clarke and Wright	Learning the Savings Values of the Clarke and Wright Heuristic: an Application to the EVRP-RJ-RT
Clarke-Wright method	A Scalable Nonlinear Clarke–Wright Savings Method for Bi-Objective Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
Close-Enough	A Cluster-First Route-Second Approach for the Multiple Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem
CMSA	Construct, Merge, Solve & Adapt with Reinforcement Learning for the min-max Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem with Heterogeneous Speeds A Comparison of Problem-Agnostic and Problem-Specific Decomposition Strategies: CMSA versus RFO for Lot-Sizing and Scheduling CMSA with Reinforcement Learning for the Knapsack Problem with Forfeit Sets A Construct Merge Solve and Adapt Heuristic for Least Cost Influence Maximization
code evolution	irace-evo: Automatic Algorithm Configuration Extended With LLM-Based Code Evolution
Code world models	Code World Models for Parameter Control in Evolutionary Algorithms
column generation	A temperature guided quantum hybrid column generation heuristic for the Agile Sprint Planning Problem
Combinatorial Optimization	Fourier Transform-based instance decomposition for k-adic Assignment Problems Advancing the 2-Optimality Motif Finding problem: new benchmarks and efficient algorithms Large Language Models for Metaheuristic Implementation: A Case Study with Variable Neighborhood Search Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for the Partial Set Covering Problem A Construct Merge Solve and Adapt Heuristic for Least Cost Influence Maximization Can Large Language Models Solve Combinatorial Optimization Problems? An Experimental Study on the Traveling Salesman Problem
commercial constraints	A Case Study of a Transportation Company Modeled as a Scheduling Problem
consensus finding	Advancing the 2-Optimality Motif Finding problem: new benchmarks and efficient algorithms
Constructive Heuristic	A Constructive Heuristic and a Matheuristic for the Distributor's Pallet Loading Problem
Constructives	Constructive heuristics for the Single Request Virtual Network Embedding Problem
Container loading	A multi-population BRKGA for the three-dimensional strip packing problem
Continuous optimization problem	Ant Colony Optimization Method Incorporating a Probability Density Function Determination Based on Information Entropy
Convergence analysis	A Bi-Objective Formulation of the K-Page Crossing Number Minimization Problem
Cross-dock	An enhanced Genetic Algorithm with RL for a rich routing problem with optional cross-dock
Cuckoo Search	Performance Evaluation of Metaheuristic-Based Routing Strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Cutting Stock Problem	A genetic algorithm approach for the discrete and continuous two-dimensional variable-sized stock problems A metaheuristic framework for solving the 2D flexible stock x cutting stock problem
CVRPLIB	CVRPLIB BKS Challenge: attempt, defeat and feedback
D
Data-Dependent Carousel Greedy Algorithm	The Data-Dependent Carousel Greedy Algorithm for the Minimum Vertex Cover Problem
Data-Driven Metaheuristics	Intelligent Optimization for self-improving reliable Artificial Intelligence
Decoder-Based Metaheuristics	Random-Key Otimizers: Problem Independent Combinatorial Optimization
Decomposition	A Comparison of Problem-Agnostic and Problem-Specific Decomposition Strategies: CMSA versus RFO for Lot-Sizing and Scheduling
DenseNet-201	Quantum-Enhanced Chaotic Differential Evolution for Oral Cancer Detection with DenseNet-201
Destroy-and-Repair	A Hybrid Chaotic Search Method for Solving CVRP
Differential Evolution	Quantum-Enhanced Chaotic Differential Evolution for Oral Cancer Detection with DenseNet-201 Large Language Models for Automatic Algorithm Configuration - An Empirical Study on Black-Box Optimization Guided Differential Evolution through history sliding population Quantum-Reinforced Dual-Space Differential Evolution: A Synergistic Integration for Global Optimization
disruption and repair	A Date-Conscious Extension of the Disruption and Repair Method for Shift Scheduling
Distance-weighted graphs
Distributor's Pallet Loading Problem	A Constructive Heuristic and a Matheuristic for the Distributor's Pallet Loading Problem
divide-and-conquer algorithm	A Case Study of a Transportation Company Modeled as a Scheduling Problem
Dominating set
Drone	A Cluster-First Route-Second Approach for the Multiple Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem
Dual-Space Coevolution	Quantum-Reinforced Dual-Space Differential Evolution: A Synergistic Integration for Global Optimization
Dwarf Mongoose Optimization	Performance Evaluation of Metaheuristic-Based Routing Strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Dynamic control	A Hybrid Chaotic Search Method for Solving CVRP
Dynamic Programming	Large Neighborhood and Hybrid Genetic Search for Inventory Routing Problems
Dynamic Vehicle Routing	A Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm with Rolling Horizon for the Meal Delivery Routing Problem
E
Efficiency heterogeneity	A multi-objective metaheuristic for the multi-skill resource-constrained project scheduling with heterogeneous efficiencies and resource costs
Electric Vehicle Routing Problem	A Matheuristic for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, Multiple Recharge Technologies and a Realistic Energy Consumption Model The value of collaborative exchange in the E-VRPTW with Stochastic Waiting Times Learning the Savings Values of the Clarke and Wright Heuristic: an Application to the EVRP-RJ-RT
Empirical Metaheuristics	From algorithmic competition to empirical science: a new metaheuristics paradigm
Energy Communities	Bilevel Optimization for Fair Energy Communities Using a Hybrid Metaheuristic
Energy-Aware Scheduling	Efficient Algorithms for Energy-Aware Single-Machine Scheduling with Battery Storage
evolutionary algorithm	Efficient Metaheuristic Strategies for the Survivable One-Fault Tolerant-Ring Star Problem
Evolutionary Algorithms	Large Language Models for Automatic Algorithm Configuration - An Empirical Study on Black-Box Optimization Code World Models for Parameter Control in Evolutionary Algorithms
Evolutionary Computation	Learning the Savings Values of the Clarke and Wright Heuristic: an Application to the EVRP-RJ-RT
F
facility layout	A window-based matheuristic for the single row facility layout problem
Fairness	Effective Metaheuristic Approaches for the Fair Max-Min Diversity Problem
Feature selection	Unified Multi-Objective Framework for Simultaneous Feature Selection and MLP Pruning using NSGA-III with Non-Smooth L1/2 Regularization
Fix-and-Optimize	Matheuristic for the multi-source capacitated facility location problem with customer incompatibilities
Flexible Stock Height	A metaheuristic framework for solving the 2D flexible stock x cutting stock problem
Flexible Stock Size	A metaheuristic framework for solving the 2D flexible stock x cutting stock problem
Flexible Stock Width	A metaheuristic framework for solving the 2D flexible stock x cutting stock problem
Food Delivery Platforms	A Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm with Rolling Horizon for the Meal Delivery Routing Problem
Fourier Transform	Fourier Transform-based instance decomposition for k-adic Assignment Problems
Framework	Learning to Steer PSO: A Vectorized RL Framework with Subswarm and Restart Control
G
Genetic Algorithm	A metaheuristic framework for solving the 2D flexible stock x cutting stock problem A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Quality and Emission Aware Perishable Goods Collection An enhanced Genetic Algorithm with RL for a rich routing problem with optional cross-dock Learning the Savings Values of the Clarke and Wright Heuristic: an Application to the EVRP-RJ-RT
Genetic Programming	LLM-Guided Genetic Programming for Automated Constructive Heuristic Design: An Application to the Set Packing Problem
Global otimization	Hexaly, a New Kind of Global Optimization Solver
Graph Pruning	A Pruning-Aided Resource-Constrained Search Algorithm for the Weight Constrained Shortest Path Problem with Applications to Urban Digital Twins
GRASP	How to apply multiparent path relinking Effective Metaheuristic Approaches for the Fair Max-Min Diversity Problem A GRASP for the minimum variance k-subset problem
GRASP methodology	The Gradual Minimum Covering Location Problem
Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure	A fast metaheuristic for the ordered median tree location problem Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for the Partial Set Covering Problem
Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures
Guided Mutation	Guided Differential Evolution through history sliding population
Guillotine Cuts	A metaheuristic framework for solving the 2D flexible stock x cutting stock problem
H
Hard Constrained Problems	QonSAll: Quantum-Based Resolution of Optimization and Decision Problems via Relaxed Problem Optima
Health	Shiftwork Scheduling Problem Incorporating Worker Health and Well-Being conditions under a bi-objective NSGAII approach
Heuristic	Comparing Optimization Models for Radiotherapy Scheduling Learning the Savings Values of the Clarke and Wright Heuristic: an Application to the EVRP-RJ-RT
Heuristic Algorithms	A Pruning-Aided Resource-Constrained Search Algorithm for the Weight Constrained Shortest Path Problem with Applications to Urban Digital Twins FILO2xe for Galileo: Linking Multiple FILO2x Extended Runs
Heuristic optimization	A matheuristic approach for the Collision-Free Multiple Close-Enough Arc Routing Problem A GRASP for the minimum variance k-subset problem
Heuristics	Using Biased-Randomized Transformers as a Deep Heuristic for Agile Optimization A Scalable Nonlinear Clarke–Wright Savings Method for Bi-Objective Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Constructive heuristics for the Single Request Virtual Network Embedding Problem Multi-Objective Basic Variable Neighborhood Search for model inference in software systems
Hexaly	A Case Study of a Transportation Company Modeled as a Scheduling Problem
HGS	CVRPLIB BKS Challenge: attempt, defeat and feedback
Home Care planning	A Decomposition Framework for Mixed-Integer Linear Models with Routing Subproblems Using Simulated Annealing
home chemotherapy	A bi-objective time consistent vehicle routing problem for home chemotherapy
Human Pose Estimation(HPE)	3DHybrid: A Transformer-Based Framework with Cross-Frame Interaction for Monocular Human Pose Estimation
Human-Centered Service Logistics	Driving Social Good: How Optimization Enhances Care and Equity
Hybrid GA-Solver	Bilevel Optimization for Fair Energy Communities Using a Hybrid Metaheuristic
Hybrid genetic search	A Hybrid Genetic Search for the Inventory Routing Problem Impact of Scaling and Rounding on Metaheuristic Performance for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Hybrid Genetic Search Algorithm	Large Neighborhood and Hybrid Genetic Search for Inventory Routing Problems
hybrid initialization	A Date-Conscious Extension of the Disruption and Repair Method for Shift Scheduling
hybrid metaheuristic	Efficient Metaheuristic Strategies for the Survivable One-Fault Tolerant-Ring Star Problem
Hybrid Metaheuristics	A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Quality and Emission Aware Perishable Goods Collection
hybrid quantum classical optimization	A temperature guided quantum hybrid column generation heuristic for the Agile Sprint Planning Problem
I
ILS	Exploiting ILS for a Simulation-Optimization framework in 5G Networks
Improved BOA	Performance Evaluation of Metaheuristic-Based Routing Strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Incompatibility	Matheuristic for the multi-source capacitated facility location problem with customer incompatibilities
Indoor Network Planning	A Combined Simulation-Based and Relocation Heuristic for Wireless Access Point Localization
influence maximization	A Construct Merge Solve and Adapt Heuristic for Least Cost Influence Maximization
Instance Generation	Autoencoder-Based Novelty Search for Instance Generation: A Case Study on the Linear Ordering Problem
Integer Linear Programming	Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for the Partial Set Covering Problem
Integer Programming	Beyond QUBO: Direct Optimization of Higher-Order Binary Models
Integer Scaling	Impact of Scaling and Rounding on Metaheuristic Performance for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Integrated Problems	Solution Techniques for the Integrated Problem of Warehouse Operations and Delivery Activities
Inter-terminal transportation	Inter-Terminal Truck Routing Optimization Using Lookahead-DQN
Inventory Routing Problem	Large Neighborhood and Hybrid Genetic Search for Inventory Routing Problems Decomposition Strategies for a Large-Scale Multi-Product Barge Inventory Routing Problem A Hybrid Genetic Search for the Inventory Routing Problem
irace	irace-evo: Automatic Algorithm Configuration Extended With LLM-Based Code Evolution
Iterated Local Search	An Iterated Local Search to the Perfect Awareness Problem Reinforcement Learning for Cost Estimation in Two-Level Combinatorial Decision Problems
K
k-subset	A GRASP for the minimum variance k-subset problem
Kernel Density Estimation	Enhancing Metaheuristics with Kernel Density Estimation: a Statistical Learning Strategy for Smarter Optimization
Knapsack problem with forfeit sets	CMSA with Reinforcement Learning for the Knapsack Problem with Forfeit Sets
L
Large Language Models	Large Language Models for Metaheuristic Implementation: A Case Study with Variable Neighborhood Search irace-evo: Automatic Algorithm Configuration Extended With LLM-Based Code Evolution Can Large Language Models Solve Combinatorial Optimization Problems? An Experimental Study on the Traveling Salesman Problem LLM-Guided Genetic Programming for Automated Constructive Heuristic Design: An Application to the Set Packing Problem
Large Neighborhood Search	A Matheuristic for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, Multiple Recharge Technologies and a Realistic Energy Consumption Model Large Neighborhood and Hybrid Genetic Search for Inventory Routing Problems A Date-Conscious Extension of the Disruption and Repair Method for Shift Scheduling
Large-Scale Networks	A Pruning-Aided Resource-Constrained Search Algorithm for the Weight Constrained Shortest Path Problem with Applications to Urban Digital Twins
Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun algorithm	Solving the Periodic-TSP Using Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun-3 Algorithm
Linear Ordering Problem	Autoencoder-Based Novelty Search for Instance Generation: A Case Study on the Linear Ordering Problem
linear programming	A Construct Merge Solve and Adapt Heuristic for Least Cost Influence Maximization
LLM-Assisted Optimization	Random-Key Otimizers: Problem Independent Combinatorial Optimization
LLMs	Large Language Models for Automatic Algorithm Configuration - An Empirical Study on Black-Box Optimization Code World Models for Parameter Control in Evolutionary Algorithms
Local Search	AGV Scheduling with Battery Constraints by Multi-Neighborhood Search Solving the Periodic-TSP Using Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun-3 Algorithm Impact of temperature-length strategies on Simulated Annealing performance
Local Search Strategy	Best-improving Local Search using candidate list strategies: An empirical analysis for the Traveling Salesman Problem
Location Problem	The Gradual Minimum Covering Location Problem
location problems	Exploiting ILS for a Simulation-Optimization framework in 5G Networks
Lookahead	Inter-Terminal Truck Routing Optimization Using Lookahead-DQN
Lot sizing	A Comparison of Problem-Agnostic and Problem-Specific Decomposition Strategies: CMSA versus RFO for Lot-Sizing and Scheduling
M
Machine Learning	Machine Learning–Driven Objective Function Optimization Using Simulated Annealing Sim-Learnheuristics: A Tool for Decision Making Under Stochastic and Dynamic Conditions. Learning the Savings Values of the Clarke and Wright Heuristic: an Application to the EVRP-RJ-RT
Machine Learning for Optimization	Intelligent Optimization for self-improving reliable Artificial Intelligence
MANET	Performance Evaluation of Metaheuristic-Based Routing Strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Maritime Logistics	Decomposition Strategies for a Large-Scale Multi-Product Barge Inventory Routing Problem
Matheuristic	Matheuristic for the multi-source capacitated facility location problem with customer incompatibilities A window-based matheuristic for the single row facility layout problem A bi-objective time consistent vehicle routing problem for home chemotherapy A Constructive Heuristic and a Matheuristic for the Distributor's Pallet Loading Problem
Matheuristics	Decomposition Strategies for a Large-Scale Multi-Product Barge Inventory Routing Problem
Max-Cut	Subgraph Sampling Scheme heuristics for the solution of the Max-Cut problem
Max-Min Diversity	Effective Metaheuristic Approaches for the Fair Max-Min Diversity Problem
Meal Delivery Routing Problem	A Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm with Rolling Horizon for the Meal Delivery Routing Problem
Memetic Algorithm	A Non-dominated Sorting Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm for the Multi-Objective Physical Cell Identity Assignment Problem
Metaheuristic	Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with time-dependent resource costs and capacities: A bi-objective approach Enhancing Metaheuristics with Kernel Density Estimation: a Statistical Learning Strategy for Smarter Optimization Impact of temperature-length strategies on Simulated Annealing performance CMSA with Reinforcement Learning for the Knapsack Problem with Forfeit Sets
Metaheuristic algorithm
Metaheuristic Algorithms	Driving Social Good: How Optimization Enhances Care and Equity
Metaheuristic optimization	Strategic Oscillation Strategies for Set Covering Problem Quantum-Enhanced Chaotic Differential Evolution for Oral Cancer Detection with DenseNet-201 Performance Evaluation of Metaheuristic-Based Routing Strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Metaheuristics	Parameter-less Step Counting Hill-Climbing An Iterated Local Search to the Perfect Awareness Problem Matheuristic for the multi-source capacitated facility location problem with customer incompatibilities Beyond QUBO: Direct Optimization of Higher-Order Binary Models Simheuristics Sim-Learnheuristics: A Tool for Decision Making Under Stochastic and Dynamic Conditions. A Hybrid Genetic Search for the Inventory Routing Problem irace-evo: Automatic Algorithm Configuration Extended With LLM-Based Code Evolution A multi-population BRKGA for the three-dimensional strip packing problem Variable Neighborhood Search for the Minimum k-Dominating Set Problem A fast metaheuristic for the ordered median tree location problem The Data-Dependent Carousel Greedy Algorithm for the Minimum Vertex Cover Problem CVRPLIB BKS Challenge: attempt, defeat and feedback Exploring Parameter Sensitivity and Grouping Strategies in Ant Colony Optimization for Weighted Networks A GRASP approach for the Three-Stage Remanufacturing System Scheduling Problem Solving the Steiner Tree Problem in Graphs Using ReLU Chaotic Neural Network Ant Colony Optimization Method Incorporating a Probability Density Function Determination Based on Information Entropy Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for the Partial Set Covering Problem Efficient Algorithms for Energy-Aware Single-Machine Scheduling with Battery Storage Q-Learning-Guided Variable Neighborhood Search for Vehicle Routing Problems Solution Techniques for the Integrated Problem of Warehouse Operations and Delivery Activities
MILP-based heuristic	A Matheuristic for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, Multiple Recharge Technologies and a Realistic Energy Consumption Model
min--max Heterogeneous Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem	Construct, Merge, Solve & Adapt with Reinforcement Learning for the min-max Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem with Heterogeneous Speeds
Minimum variance	A GRASP for the minimum variance k-subset problem
Minimum Vertex Cover	The Data-Dependent Carousel Greedy Algorithm for the Minimum Vertex Cover Problem
Mixed-encoding operators	A Bi-Objective Formulation of the K-Page Crossing Number Minimization Problem
Mixed-linear programming	Hexaly, a New Kind of Global Optimization Solver
MKDS	Variable Neighborhood Search for the Minimum k-Dominating Set Problem
Model complexity	Unified Multi-Objective Framework for Simultaneous Feature Selection and MLP Pruning using NSGA-III with Non-Smooth L1/2 Regularization
Model inference	Multi-Objective Basic Variable Neighborhood Search for model inference in software systems
Multi Neighborhood	Multi-Neighborhood Search for the Train Dispatching Problem
Multi Objective CVRP	A Scalable Nonlinear Clarke–Wright Savings Method for Bi-Objective Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
Multi Trip Vehicle Routing Problem	Solution Techniques for the Integrated Problem of Warehouse Operations and Delivery Activities
multi-commodity	An Adaptive Large Neighbourhood Search for the Selective Multi-Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem
Multi-mode	Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with time-dependent resource costs and capacities: A bi-objective approach
Multi-Neighborhood Search	AGV Scheduling with Battery Constraints by Multi-Neighborhood Search
Multi-objective Differential Evolution	Triplet-Based Surrogate Assisted Ranking for Multi-objective Neural Architecture Search
Multi-Objective Hub Location Problem	A Comparative Study of Simulated Annealing-Based Methods for the Multi-Objective Hub Location Problem
Multi-objective metaheuristic	A multi-objective metaheuristic for the multi-skill resource-constrained project scheduling with heterogeneous efficiencies and resource costs
Multi-Objective Optimization	Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with time-dependent resource costs and capacities: A bi-objective approach A Non-dominated Sorting Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm for the Multi-Objective Physical Cell Identity Assignment Problem Unified Multi-Objective Framework for Simultaneous Feature Selection and MLP Pruning using NSGA-III with Non-Smooth L1/2 Regularization Multi-Objective Basic Variable Neighborhood Search for model inference in software systems Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimization Approach for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Profits A Bi-Objective Formulation of the K-Page Crossing Number Minimization Problem
Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing	A Comparative Study of Simulated Annealing-Based Methods for the Multi-Objective Hub Location Problem
Multi-Objective Variable Neighborhood Search	Multi-Objective Basic Variable Neighborhood Search for model inference in software systems
Multi-skill resource-constrained	A multi-objective metaheuristic for the multi-skill resource-constrained project scheduling with heterogeneous efficiencies and resource costs
Multilayer Perceptron	Unified Multi-Objective Framework for Simultaneous Feature Selection and MLP Pruning using NSGA-III with Non-Smooth L1/2 Regularization Quantum-Enhanced Chaotic Differential Evolution for Oral Cancer Detection with DenseNet-201
Multiparent path relinking	How to apply multiparent path relinking
Multiple Generalized	A Cluster-First Route-Second Approach for the Multiple Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem
N
nearly negative graphs	Subgraph Sampling Scheme heuristics for the solution of the Max-Cut problem
Neighborhood	A Cluster-First Route-Second Approach for the Multiple Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem
Network Optimization	A Non-dominated Sorting Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm for the Multi-Objective Physical Cell Identity Assignment Problem
Neural Architecture Search	Triplet-Based Surrogate Assisted Ranking for Multi-objective Neural Architecture Search
Neural Network	Learning the Savings Values of the Clarke and Wright Heuristic: an Application to the EVRP-RJ-RT
node failure	Efficient Metaheuristic Strategies for the Survivable One-Fault Tolerant-Ring Star Problem
Non-linear Savings Algorithm	A Scalable Nonlinear Clarke–Wright Savings Method for Bi-Objective Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
Nonlinear programming	Hexaly, a New Kind of Global Optimization Solver
Novelty Search	Autoencoder-Based Novelty Search for Instance Generation: A Case Study on the Linear Ordering Problem
NP Problems	QonSAll: Quantum-Based Resolution of Optimization and Decision Problems via Relaxed Problem Optima
NSGA-II	A bi-objective time consistent vehicle routing problem for home chemotherapy
NSGA-III	Unified Multi-Objective Framework for Simultaneous Feature Selection and MLP Pruning using NSGA-III with Non-Smooth L1/2 Regularization
NSGAII	Shiftwork Scheduling Problem Incorporating Worker Health and Well-Being conditions under a bi-objective NSGAII approach
nurse rostering	A Date-Conscious Extension of the Disruption and Repair Method for Shift Scheduling
O
Open dimension problem	A multi-population BRKGA for the three-dimensional strip packing problem
Operational Research	Variable Neighborhood Search for the Minimum k-Dominating Set Problem
Optimization	A fast metaheuristic for the ordered median tree location problem
Optimization Models and Methods	Beyond QUBO: Direct Optimization of Higher-Order Binary Models
OR-Tools	Impact of Scaling and Rounding on Metaheuristic Performance for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Oral cancer detection	Quantum-Enhanced Chaotic Differential Evolution for Oral Cancer Detection with DenseNet-201
Order Picking Problem	Solution Techniques for the Integrated Problem of Warehouse Operations and Delivery Activities
Order-batching	A column generation driven heuristic for order-scheduling and rack-sequencing in robotic mobile fulfillment systems
Ordered Median Tree Location Problem	A fast metaheuristic for the ordered median tree location problem
orienteering	An Adaptive Large Neighbourhood Search for the Selective Multi-Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem
P
Packing	A Constructive Heuristic and a Matheuristic for the Distributor's Pallet Loading Problem
Parallel Algorithms	FILO2xe for Galileo: Linking Multiple FILO2x Extended Runs
Parameter Sensitivity	Exploring Parameter Sensitivity and Grouping Strategies in Ant Colony Optimization for Weighted Networks
parameter-less search algorithm	Parameter-less Step Counting Hill-Climbing
Pareto front	Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with time-dependent resource costs and capacities: A bi-objective approach
Pareto Frontier	A Scalable Nonlinear Clarke–Wright Savings Method for Bi-Objective Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
Partial Set Covering Problem	Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for the Partial Set Covering Problem
Particle Swarm Optimization	Learning to Steer PSO: A Vectorized RL Framework with Subswarm and Restart Control Large Language Models for Automatic Algorithm Configuration - An Empirical Study on Black-Box Optimization
Parts-to-picker	A column generation driven heuristic for order-scheduling and rack-sequencing in robotic mobile fulfillment systems
Path Relinking	Heuristics for the Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem with Consistency
Perfect Awareness Problem	An Iterated Local Search to the Perfect Awareness Problem
Performance indicator	Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with time-dependent resource costs and capacities: A bi-objective approach
periodic traveling salesman problem	Solving the Periodic-TSP Using Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun-3 Algorithm
Periodic Vehicle Routing	Heuristics for the Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem with Consistency
Permutations	Fourier Transform-based instance decomposition for k-adic Assignment Problems
Pesticide spraying optimization	A matheuristic approach for the Collision-Free Multiple Close-Enough Arc Routing Problem
Physical Cell Identity Assignment	A Non-dominated Sorting Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm for the Multi-Objective Physical Cell Identity Assignment Problem
pickup and delivery	An Adaptive Large Neighbourhood Search for the Selective Multi-Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem
Pickup and Delivery Problem	A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Quality and Emission Aware Perishable Goods Collection
Pilot method	Inter-Terminal Truck Routing Optimization Using Lookahead-DQN
Power dominating set problem	How to apply multiparent path relinking
Precision agriculture	A matheuristic approach for the Collision-Free Multiple Close-Enough Arc Routing Problem
Problem decomposition	A Decomposition Framework for Mixed-Integer Linear Models with Routing Subproblems Using Simulated Annealing
Programmed exploitation and exploration Metaheuristic algorithms	Guided Differential Evolution through history sliding population
Q
Quality-Diversity	Autoencoder-Based Novelty Search for Instance Generation: A Case Study on the Linear Ordering Problem
Quantum Decision	QonSAll: Quantum-Based Resolution of Optimization and Decision Problems via Relaxed Problem Optima
Quantum Optimization	QonSAll: Quantum-Based Resolution of Optimization and Decision Problems via Relaxed Problem Optima
Quantum-inspired optimisation	Quantum-Enhanced Chaotic Differential Evolution for Oral Cancer Detection with DenseNet-201
Quantum-Inspired Optimization	Quantum-Reinforced Dual-Space Differential Evolution: A Synergistic Integration for Global Optimization
QUBO	Subgraph Sampling Scheme heuristics for the solution of the Max-Cut problem A temperature guided quantum hybrid column generation heuristic for the Agile Sprint Planning Problem
R
Radiotherapy scheduling	Comparing Optimization Models for Radiotherapy Scheduling
Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Optimization	Machine Learning–Driven Objective Function Optimization Using Simulated Annealing
Random-Key Optimizer	Random-Key Otimizers: Problem Independent Combinatorial Optimization
Reinforcement Learning	Construct, Merge, Solve & Adapt with Reinforcement Learning for the min-max Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem with Heterogeneous Speeds Reinforcement Learning for Cost Estimation in Two-Level Combinatorial Decision Problems Inter-Terminal Truck Routing Optimization Using Lookahead-DQN Learning to Steer PSO: A Vectorized RL Framework with Subswarm and Restart Control CMSA with Reinforcement Learning for the Knapsack Problem with Forfeit Sets Q-Learning-Guided Variable Neighborhood Search for Vehicle Routing Problems An enhanced Genetic Algorithm with RL for a rich routing problem with optional cross-dock Quantum-Reinforced Dual-Space Differential Evolution: A Synergistic Integration for Global Optimization
Reinforcement learning metaheuristic	Guided Strategic Oscillation with Reinforcement Learning for the Shared Customer Collaboration Vehicle Routing Problem
Relaxation	QonSAll: Quantum-Based Resolution of Optimization and Decision Problems via Relaxed Problem Optima
Relaxed Problem Optima	QonSAll: Quantum-Based Resolution of Optimization and Decision Problems via Relaxed Problem Optima
ReLU chaotic neural network	Solving the Steiner Tree Problem in Graphs Using ReLU Chaotic Neural Network
Remanufacturing	A GRASP approach for the Three-Stage Remanufacturing System Scheduling Problem
Replicability	Large Language Models for Metaheuristic Implementation: A Case Study with Variable Neighborhood Search
Reproducibility	Impact of Scaling and Rounding on Metaheuristic Performance for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows From algorithmic competition to empirical science: a new metaheuristics paradigm
Resource-Constrained	A Pruning-Aided Resource-Constrained Search Algorithm for the Weight Constrained Shortest Path Problem with Applications to Urban Digital Twins
Resource-constrained project scheduling	Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with time-dependent resource costs and capacities: A bi-objective approach
Restart Strategies	Learning to Steer PSO: A Vectorized RL Framework with Subswarm and Restart Control
Restricted master heuristic	A column generation driven heuristic for order-scheduling and rack-sequencing in robotic mobile fulfillment systems
RFO	A Comparison of Problem-Agnostic and Problem-Specific Decomposition Strategies: CMSA versus RFO for Lot-Sizing and Scheduling
ring star problem	Efficient Metaheuristic Strategies for the Survivable One-Fault Tolerant-Ring Star Problem
RL-CMSA	CMSA with Reinforcement Learning for the Knapsack Problem with Forfeit Sets
Rolling Horizon	A Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm with Rolling Horizon for the Meal Delivery Routing Problem
Rollout algorithm	Inter-Terminal Truck Routing Optimization Using Lookahead-DQN
Rounding Schemes	Impact of Scaling and Rounding on Metaheuristic Performance for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Routing Optimization	A Decomposition Framework for Mixed-Integer Linear Models with Routing Subproblems Using Simulated Annealing Performance Evaluation of Metaheuristic-Based Routing Strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
S
Scatter search	How to apply multiparent path relinking
Scheduling	A Comparison of Problem-Agnostic and Problem-Specific Decomposition Strategies: CMSA versus RFO for Lot-Sizing and Scheduling A GRASP approach for the Three-Stage Remanufacturing System Scheduling Problem An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search For The Automated Guided Vehicle Scheduling With Battery Constraints
scheduling problem	A Case Study of a Transportation Company Modeled as a Scheduling Problem
Search space	Matheuristic for the multi-source capacitated facility location problem with customer incompatibilities
Selective TSP	An Adaptive Large Neighbourhood Search for the Selective Multi-Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem
Self-Attention Mechanism	3DHybrid: A Transformer-Based Framework with Cross-Frame Interaction for Monocular Human Pose Estimation
Sequencing	A column generation driven heuristic for order-scheduling and rack-sequencing in robotic mobile fulfillment systems
Set Covering Problem	Strategic Oscillation Strategies for Set Covering Problem
Set Packing Problem	LLM-Guided Genetic Programming for Automated Constructive Heuristic Design: An Application to the Set Packing Problem
Shared customer collaboration	Guided Strategic Oscillation with Reinforcement Learning for the Shared Customer Collaboration Vehicle Routing Problem
shift scheduling	A Date-Conscious Extension of the Disruption and Repair Method for Shift Scheduling
Shift work scheduling problem	Shiftwork Scheduling Problem Incorporating Worker Health and Well-Being conditions under a bi-objective NSGAII approach
Simulated Annealing	Advancing the 2-Optimality Motif Finding problem: new benchmarks and efficient algorithms Machine Learning–Driven Objective Function Optimization Using Simulated Annealing A Decomposition Framework for Mixed-Integer Linear Models with Routing Subproblems Using Simulated Annealing A window-based matheuristic for the single row facility layout problem Comparing Optimization Models for Radiotherapy Scheduling AGV Scheduling with Battery Constraints by Multi-Neighborhood Search Multi-Neighborhood Search for the Train Dispatching Problem
Simulation	Simheuristics Sim-Learnheuristics: A Tool for Decision Making Under Stochastic and Dynamic Conditions. Exploiting ILS for a Simulation-Optimization framework in 5G Networks
Simulation-Based Optimization	A Combined Simulation-Based and Relocation Heuristic for Wireless Access Point Localization
Social and Healthcare Optimization	Driving Social Good: How Optimization Enhances Care and Equity
Social Networks Influence	An Iterated Local Search to the Perfect Awareness Problem
Software Quality	Multi-Objective Basic Variable Neighborhood Search for model inference in software systems
Solver	Hexaly, a New Kind of Global Optimization Solver
Spatio-Temporal Transformer	3DHybrid: A Transformer-Based Framework with Cross-Frame Interaction for Monocular Human Pose Estimation
Steiner tree problem in graphs	Solving the Steiner Tree Problem in Graphs Using ReLU Chaotic Neural Network
Step counting hill-climbing algorithm	Parameter-less Step Counting Hill-Climbing
Stochastic waiting times	The value of collaborative exchange in the E-VRPTW with Stochastic Waiting Times
Stopping Rule	Enhancing Metaheuristics with Kernel Density Estimation: a Statistical Learning Strategy for Smarter Optimization
Strategic Oscillation	Strategic Oscillation Strategies for Set Covering Problem
string problems	Advancing the 2-Optimality Motif Finding problem: new benchmarks and efficient algorithms
Supply Chain Management	Decomposition Strategies for a Large-Scale Multi-Product Barge Inventory Routing Problem
Surrogate Assisted Learning	Triplet-Based Surrogate Assisted Ranking for Multi-objective Neural Architecture Search
Sustainability	Efficient Algorithms for Energy-Aware Single-Machine Scheduling with Battery Storage
Symbolic Regression	LLM-Guided Genetic Programming for Automated Constructive Heuristic Design: An Application to the Set Packing Problem
T
tabu search	Effective Metaheuristic Approaches for the Fair Max-Min Diversity Problem A Date-Conscious Extension of the Disruption and Repair Method for Shift Scheduling
Time Windows	A Case Study of a Transportation Company Modeled as a Scheduling Problem The value of collaborative exchange in the E-VRPTW with Stochastic Waiting Times
time-consistent vehicle routing	A bi-objective time consistent vehicle routing problem for home chemotherapy
toroidal grid graphs	Subgraph Sampling Scheme heuristics for the solution of the Max-Cut problem
Train Dispatching	Multi-Neighborhood Search for the Train Dispatching Problem
Transformers	Using Biased-Randomized Transformers as a Deep Heuristic for Agile Optimization
Traveling Sales-man Problem with Profits	Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimization Approach for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Profits
traveling salesman	A Cluster-First Route-Second Approach for the Multiple Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem Solving the Periodic-TSP Using Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun-3 Algorithm
Traveling Salesman Problem	Best-improving Local Search using candidate list strategies: An empirical analysis for the Traveling Salesman Problem Can Large Language Models Solve Combinatorial Optimization Problems? An Experimental Study on the Traveling Salesman Problem
Triplet-based Learning	Triplet-Based Surrogate Assisted Ranking for Multi-objective Neural Architecture Search
Two-level decision problems	Reinforcement Learning for Cost Estimation in Two-Level Combinatorial Decision Problems
U
Uncertainty	Simheuristics Sim-Learnheuristics: A Tool for Decision Making Under Stochastic and Dynamic Conditions.
Undesirable facilities	The Gradual Minimum Covering Location Problem
Unmanned aerial vehicles	A matheuristic approach for the Collision-Free Multiple Close-Enough Arc Routing Problem
V
Variable Neighborhood Search	Large Language Models for Metaheuristic Implementation: A Case Study with Variable Neighborhood Search Heuristics for the Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem with Consistency Q-Learning-Guided Variable Neighborhood Search for Vehicle Routing Problems
Variable-Sized Stock	A genetic algorithm approach for the discrete and continuous two-dimensional variable-sized stock problems
Vehicle Routing Problem	Guided Strategic Oscillation with Reinforcement Learning for the Shared Customer Collaboration Vehicle Routing Problem Impact of Scaling and Rounding on Metaheuristic Performance for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows Q-Learning-Guided Variable Neighborhood Search for Vehicle Routing Problems Learning the Savings Values of the Clarke and Wright Heuristic: an Application to the EVRP-RJ-RT
Vendor managed inventory	A Hybrid Genetic Search for the Inventory Routing Problem
vertical penalties	A Date-Conscious Extension of the Disruption and Repair Method for Shift Scheduling
Virtual network embedding	Constructive heuristics for the Single Request Virtual Network Embedding Problem
VNS	Variable Neighborhood Search for the Minimum k-Dominating Set Problem
VRPTW	Impact of Scaling and Rounding on Metaheuristic Performance for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
W
Warehousing	A column generation driven heuristic for order-scheduling and rack-sequencing in robotic mobile fulfillment systems
Weight Constrained Shortest Path Problem	A Pruning-Aided Resource-Constrained Search Algorithm for the Weight Constrained Shortest Path Problem with Applications to Urban Digital Twins
Weighted-Sum	A Comparative Study of Simulated Annealing-Based Methods for the Multi-Objective Hub Location Problem
Well-being	Shiftwork Scheduling Problem Incorporating Worker Health and Well-Being conditions under a bi-objective NSGAII approach
Wireless Access Point Placement	A Combined Simulation-Based and Relocation Heuristic for Wireless Access Point Localization
ε
ε-Constraint	A Comparative Study of Simulated Annealing-Based Methods for the Multi-Objective Hub Location Problem

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