ABSTRACT. The rapidly developing field of digital twins for different domains demands not only the expert work of people but also data and their incorporation into existing models of reality. Another issue is adding changing objects in time and space – dynamic features, into the models of interest. This paper presents a combination of dynamic features related to traffic and pedestrians and a static 3D city model and visualisation of their combination in a user-friendly form. Dynamic features representing people and cars are derived by neural image recognition from a static camera's short video recording of a particular area. Not only recognition of objects of interest but also their transformation from image coordinates into coordinates in a geographic coordinate system was performed to visualise such changing objects in a 3D city model of a particular study area in the city of Pilsen, Czech Republic. Furthermore, such features were visualised in a web map application presenting dynamically changing objects in space and time representing people and cars, together with static 3D models of surrounding buildings. This work can provide valuable information for further exploitation of data about spatio-temporal aspects of mobility in cities and a simple yet effective representation of dynamic features within 3D cartographic representation accessible via a web page.

ABSTRACT. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are used as fundamental systems in various applications such as smart cities, spatial digital twins and many more. BIM provides detailed geometric and semantic data about the building and its elements while GIS typically contains data about geospatial characteristics and relationships of real world objects. The integration of BIM and GIS enables more comprehensive spatial analysis and visualization of a building and its surroundings but this process is not straightforward due to differences between these two systems. In order to realize the integration, geometric transformation and semantic transfer need to be performed. Although some methods and tools are available for this purpose, it is still a hot research topic due to the lack of complete data interoperability between BIM and GIS. This study aims to investigate the performance of different exchange formats and software packages for geometric transformation and semantic transfer in BIM and GIS integration. For this purpose, an experimental study was designed, in which two different building models were converted from IFC (BIM exchange format) to CityGML and CityJSON with FME Workbench, Shapefile with FME Quick, and ESRI Geodatabase with ArcGIS Data interoperability (DI). Findings show that geometric transformation is quite successful but there are some problems in semantic transfer. CityGML and CityJSON have fewer classes for building elements than IFC while the other formats, unlike CityGML and CityJSON, do not produce semantic classes for building elements. Concerning the software packages, it was observed that FME Workbench allows for editing classes, relations and attributes while FME Quick and DI automatically produce quick results but do not allow editing.

ABSTRACT. Urban green spaces (UGS) in urban environment refer to the (semi-)natural areas within a city. These areas can include parks, gardens, sport facilities, etc., and provide multiple benefits to the society and ecosystems. They also play an essential role in the sustainable development of cities. In addition, urban green spaces can be an important component of management solutions against the negative impacts of urbanization, such as reducing the heat island effect and mitigating the effects of floods and other risk processes. Therefore, it is important to improve knowledge and spatial information about urban green spaces to ensure a sustainable urban environment. Mapping based on remote sensing data is fundamental to transform Earth observation data into useful information necessary for urban planning and decision making. The developed datasets can provide information on the spatial distribution, size, type, and changes of green spaces in urban areas. This study aims to investigate and map the type and spatial distribution of urban green spaces in Sofia, Bulgaria using remote sensing data and GIS. Digital orthophoto images are used for spatial analysis of urban green zones. The work is focused also on typology classification of urban green spaces, which combines elements of land use, land cover and both ecological and social function. The results can be used to inform decision-making about land use, ecosystem conservation and sustainable development challenges. The created maps and datasets can be used not only to protect and enhance urban green spaces, but also to acquire information on various environmental factors, such as quality of air and water, that can affect the health and well-being of city inhabitants.

ABSTRACT. Indoor navigation poses challenges due to obstacles like solid surfaces blocking GNSS signals and the absence of indoor maps, particularly in large buildings like hospitals, airports, and shopping malls. Additionally, the complexity of indoor spaces, with varying architectures and multiple floors, complicates navigation. Users need to rely on their mental maps during navigation, but the irregular layout of indoor environments increases cognitive load and may lead to navigation errors. In this study, a Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipeline extracts qualitative spatial concepts from verbal route descriptions and decomposes them into landmarks and actions. The experimental data consists of crowdsourced route descriptions obtained from a campus building. The pipeline takes human route descriptions for indoor routes as input. It segments sentences, tokenizes words, performs part-of-speech tagging, and dependency parsing to label spatial objects, explicit relationships, and actions. The phrases are sorted into sequences integrating landmarks and actions into the route solution of the navigation network. Generated metric-based instructions are compared to each human route instruction and matching human route instruction is added to the route guidance. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of human route descriptions in reducing cognitive load for indoor wayfinding compared to the metric-based route descriptions are discussed.

ABSTRACT. The concept of a smart city has been widely discussed and researched since the 1990s. Cohen defined the basic conceptual framework on this subject and determined the components of the smart city by developing a smart city wheel. After that, several researchers defined indicator sets to measure, rank, and compare smart cities. This study aims to evaluate smart living and smart people components in Istanbul with these indicators and compare them with well-known smart cities. For this study, all scales in the literature were examined and the indicator sets used by the Smart City Council, University of Navarra, Vienna University of Technology, and ISO were included in the study. Two components were evaluated with selected indicators. For these indicators, data were researched within the scope of Istanbul. Considering that almost all data in cities is related to location, geoinformation will undoubtedly be used in this study. However; essential, sufficient, and current spatial data for the study could not be entirely obtained. The data obtained was not found suitable for comparison. The most important reason for this is the non-spatial collection, processing, and sharing of data based on countries or large regions. It is not possible to make an evaluation for cities or smaller settlements with these data. For this reason, the study should be carried out on the scale of smaller settlements with the help of geoinformation. For this, collecting, storing, processing, and sharing data spatially is important. Maps should be produced with this data and these maps should be shared as open data. With this information sharing through maps, it will be possible to evaluate, rank, and compare cities. It will be determined how smart the cities are and thus it will be possible to contribute to the development of the cities.

ABSTRACT. Geological maps serve not only geologists but also professionals from diverse domains such as urban planning, environmental consultancy, construction, national defense, emergency management, as well as individual students and researchers. To assist them in their daily tasks or in their pursuit of enhancing geological knowledge, the Polish Geological Survey is working on implementing the Polish Geological Cartography Platform - a modern tool for data storage and publication. Within the framework of the project, the main stakeholder groups were identified and sent a questionnaire regarding the usage and accessibility of geological and geology-related maps. More than 500 individual users and representatives from various national and regional institutions responded to the survey. General inquiries referred to the frequency of using geological maps and GIS portals, types, scale, and sources of maps, as well as the tasks for which they are most often used. These were followed by more detailed questions concerning preferred standards and services for map data delivery. The responses provided by the stakeholders enabled the Polish Geological Survey to identify the basic obstacles they encounter when accessing and analyzing map data. This is a crucial step for the implementation of FAIR principles according to which data should be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. The results of the survey, coupled with best practices from international projects and initiatives, will aid the Polish Geological Platform in addressing FAIR data challenges and therefore meeting the needs of a wide range of users. The poster will present a summary of the conducted survey.

ABSTRACT. This paper aims to analyze and map the tourism infrastructure and superstructure of rural areas. Tourist infrastructure plays a major role in the development of tourist destinations in Bulgaria and ensuring better access and communication to them. It is an integral part of the tourism industry, consisting of a complex of existing structures and networks for industrial, social, and recreational purposes intended for the functioning of the tourism sector. Rural areas are a priority not only in European strategic documents but also in national and regional strategic documents, as their potential for development has been assessed, especially in municipalities in the Stara Planina tourist region.The objective of the present study is to create a GIS database for tourism infrastructure and also to map tourism infrastructure with tourist attractions using GIS technologies. The collected data are analyzed and structured in GIS datasets for relief, hydrography, settlements and tourism infrastructure. The results are presented with maps and tables.

ABSTRACT. Line objects form the dominant part of the map field filling, either as boundaries or dimensionally reduced geometry of separate objects. The course of a line defines to a large extent the way it is processed during automated cartographic generalization. The subject of this paper is the analysis of line object complexity assessment and quantification of the degree of similarity between line objects. It goes without saying that there are a large number of geometric measurements that can be used to characterize a line object, however, for the practical use of these measurements, efficiency is an important aspect - i.e., finding a sufficient number of parameters to characterize a line at the lowest possible computational cost. In the first part of this paper, we discuss the structural components of line object complexity measurements such as vertices, edges, arcs and characteristic geometries and the measurements derived from these structures. The effect of scale(required granularity of the object definition) is discussed. The next section is devoted to the comparison of the shape of two linear objects. Here, the problem of normalization of the compared geometries with respect to size and orientation, the mechanisms of complex measurement of the difference between the two line object courses are discussed. In both mentioned sections, the involvement of simplifying the geometry progression within the measurement is discussed. In the final section, an example of using these measurements to classify line objects for the specification of automated generalization in medium-scale topographic maps is demonstrated.

ABSTRACT. The article discusses the use of geographic information system (GIS) technology for determining taxation indicators of forest stands based on aerial orthoimages. The object of the study is the forest territory of the Sliven State Forestry Enterprise (Sliven Region, Bulgaria). Forest stands and sample plots within them were selected for image measurements and field survey. Computer-aided interpretation of up-to-date aerial orthoimages of the study site has been performed. The results of tree crown mapping and other measurements were entered into a common GIS database. After automated GIS processing of the data on sample areas, the average taxation indicators of the forest stands were calculated (diameter of the crown, density, canopy, and others). Through these directly determined indicators and field measurements, stem diameter at breast height (DBH), relative stocking, and volume have been obtained. The conclusions and recommendations derive from the results of the GIS analysis of the data obtained remotely from the images and from the field data. Accuracy and deadlines for deciphering and obtaining taxation indicators of forest stands during the inventory of the forest territory have been increased. The applied GIS method for extracting forest inventory data from images supports conventional methods in developing forestry management plans in Bulgaria.

ABSTRACT. A webmap application of a long-distance hiking path can enhance the accessibility and safety of a trail, while promoting a responsible engagement with natural landscapes. The map updates are publishable faster than a paper map and the information is presented in a more comprehensible way in 2D and 3D perspectives. The data management of a web map is accomplished through GIS software and it becomes accessible using online map providers. The QGIS is one of the main suites used for data editing. Field data can be acquired with a portable gnss device, a dslr camera and by the deployment of drones. The specific area of research, is lacking important data, due to the hard accessibility, desertion of old paths and absence of cartographical interest so far. The nature of the project, suggests field work as the main mean of data collection. The goal of the Pindus Trail is to locate and unite abandoned paths along Pindos mountain range and create a thru-hike trail network of more than 800 km. with approximately 41 daily stages. For the needs of the project, the area from Delphi to Prespes, central to northern Greece, was selected. Using QGIS, a dataset was created by newly acquired field data from the expedition team of Terra Pindus in a timespan of several years. These data include trail gps recordings, points of interest (geomorphological, historical, navigational etc.) and photographs. The Pindus Trail Navigator is the webmap under development of Pindus Trail, presenting the points of interest along it, under specific categories. The application can present a big load of data in a comprehensible and simplified form while informing for the latest field conditions. The different layers include details about path condition, accessibility, interconnections, landmarks, accommodation, facilities, warnings, dangerous sections, historical and archaeological information and much more. Nevertheless, the importance lies in the originality of the information and in the effort to provide them as a public good.

ABSTRACT. This research project investigates the perception of symbols and sign systems in web maps using eye tracking technology. The goal is to improve the quality of web maps by optimizing the layout, symbol design, and overall user experience. The project will be conducted in three stages. First, it will be tested the usability of existing web maps. For this goal it will be used eye tracking devices for high-precision and detailed analysis of visual perception. Then it will be implemented software for data recording and processing. Based on the time measurements it will show how fast users orient themselves in the map, how they find objects, and identify symbols on different web maps. The results will be analyzed to identify factors that affect usability, such as symbol design, map layout, and user characteristics. The second stage is developing recommendations for improving web map design. Based on the findings from the first stage, recommendations will be developed for improving the design of web maps. The purpose of exploring cognitive processes involved in map will focus on factors such as symbol clarity, map layout, and user-friendliness. Finally, the study will test the effectiveness of the recommendations. The recommendations developed in the second stage will be implemented in a set of prototype web maps. These prototype maps will be tested with users to evaluate their effectiveness in improving usability. The project offers valuable foundations for the field of cartography by providing new insights into the perception of web maps. The results of the project will be useful for establishing a research infrastructure for future studies on map reading and cognitive processes in cartography.

ABSTRACT. Accurate bike-sharing demand forecasting facilitates informed decisions regarding bike placement and advanced scheduling. Numerous scholars have conducted extensive research with different prediction levels in this area. However, the majority of current studies don’t consider the correlation between different levels; and most deep learning-based studies do not consider the interpretability of the models. To this end, this paper proposes an Interpretable Multilevel Bike-sharing Demand Prediction Model (IMBDPM), which aims to utilize the advantages of each level and quantify the important features. First, several clusters are generated using both station information and the Louvain algorithm to preserve connections between highly correlated stations. Then, global-level, cluster-level, and station-level prediction modules are developed to extract station-specific characteristics, inter-station relationships, and overarching insights. Next, the outputs of each module are combined and fed into the fully connected layer to make the final prediction. Finally, the entire training process is fed into SHAP to analyze the importance of each spatio-temporal feature further. Experiments on bike trip histories from Manhattan, New York show that the proposed model improves the prediction accuracy compared to other benchmark models. Ablation experiments further revealed the superiority of the fusion model. The mechanism of action of the key features that significantly impact the results is reasonably inferred. The model results are of great significance for solving the imbalance between the supply and demand of bicycles and promoting the sustainable development of urban transportation systems.

ABSTRACT. The rock monastery near Murfatlar, Constanta district, is a monument of national importance for two countries, whose common border separates the historical-geographical region of Dobruja, in which it is located - the Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of Romania. Archaeological and geological studies around the present village of Murfatlar show that the quarry near the monastery complex was used to extract building material for the construction of sections of the Great Dobrudzhan stone rampart - the longest fortification in medieval Eastern Europe, the length of which 115 km, starts at Cherna Voda and ends at Constanta. The lack of precise documentation, but even more so - the current dire and neglected state of the monastery, were the main reasons for NAIM - BAS to initiate its own expedition, the main goal of which was to compile completely new digital field documentation with a view to preserving this extremely important monument for the cultural history of Europe for future generations of researchers. Therefore, in the period 23-25 May 2023 a mobile SLAM laser scanning campaign took place on the site. The laser scanning was performed with two instruments: 1) FJD Trion S1 3D (handheld laser scanner with SLAM technology), and 2) iPhone 14 Pro with built-in laser scanning sensor (as additional method to collect 3D data from tight niches and galleries). As a result of the postprocessing of the data with FJD Trion Model software, including manual segmentation of the point clouds and utilizing SOF (statistical outlier filter) for noise filtering, a series of cross-sections were generated. As a result of scanning with the iPhone 14 Pro, colored point clouds and textured polygonal mesh-models were generated. This article describes the methods for 3D data collection and the processing steps to acquire high-resolution 3D models of this important cultural heritage site.

ABSTRACT. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offer a wide range of benefits for the cartographic representation of data. They enable integration, interactive visualization, spatial analysis, thematic mapping and information dissemination. The study aims to identify the main geographical areas of tuberculosis concentration in Romania. Global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation for the tuberculosis incidence variable per 1,000 persons were used for 2015-2021 values to find patterns of spatial organization of the tuberculosis phenomenon. We opted for the aggregation of values because the analysis aims to identify areas of persistence over time, and less of spread of TB infection. The number of cases was correlated with the population using annual data by age and gender at the territorial administrative unit level from the national demographic statistics, which were made available on the National Institute of Statistics' official website. The maps were produced using geo-spatial data published by the National Agency for Cadastre and Real Estate Publicity and the official nomenclature of administrative territorial units of Romania, called SIRUTA. The National Tuberculosis Prevention, Surveillance and Control Program in Romania's yearly reports provided statistical information on the distribution of tuberculosis cases in the country. By analyzing temporal trends, patterns and changes in the spatial distribution of TB cases, public health authorities can assess the effectiveness of control measures and identify areas where interventions may need to be intensified or modified. Spatial dispersion analysis can also be used to track frequency variations across time.

ABSTRACT. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed various fields, and cartography is no exception. This paper explores the potential of AI to revolutionize map creation and data analysis, offering exciting possibilities for automation, efficiency, and deeper insights. Different applications of AI in cartography are analised. A research is made comparing different large language models, their applications and the type of product you can create with them as cartographer. It also highlights the challenges and technical limitations of this technology, such as the need for data privacy and the risk of algorithmic bias. The study concludes that while AI holds great promise for the future of cartography, careful consideration of these issues is crucial for its ethical and effective application and as this technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more innovative applications in the field of cartography.

ABSTRACT. Paper gives an overview of fire stations’ features in the modern forestry in different countries focused on the north-located ones like Russia, Finland and Canada. Key role in the location of fire stations belongs to fire-hazardous conditions of territory and infrastructure, primarily settlements and roads. Settlements are the logistics centers of work forces and equipment to manage forest fires. Trunk roads varying in classification from country to country, as well as temporary logging roads, which include branches and forest roads, are used all year round to extinguish forest fires. According to the traditions in the Russian forestry, fires stations placement is considered at the level of administrative division. Forest plan of administrative unit serves as a base to organize a fire station, decision of the regional executive authorities of the Russian Federation could also play a role. Forestry experience of different countries is presented by examples with various ways to place fire stations for the effective forest fires management. We discuss the ways to locate fire stations in order to manage forest fires with the help of geoinformation technology. The study of current regulations and data on the fire stations confirms the need to update forestry regulatory documents. The following conclusions can also be drawn: - GIS-methods like spatial and network analysis are the necessary elements to evaluate existing and possible locations of fire stations, to make maps of their actual and prospective location; - accessibility of fires from fire stations remains an actual research topic linked to up-to-date data on the road networks and settlements.

ABSTRACT. Lambert's conformal conic projection was used in Bulgaria for making topographic maps as early as in the 1970 coordinate system (4 zones, with one standard parallel for each zone). Then, in the Bulgarian Geodetic System BGS 2000 and now in the currently active Bulgarian Geodetic System BGS 2005, the same projection is used in its cadastre part, but in one zone, with 2 standard parallels.

The purpose of this research is to follow the choice of the origin of the coordinate system for the projection and the two standard parallels, making a comparison for the distribution of the deformations in the territory of Bulgaria. If we consider that the best selected parameters are those that give the smallest and most evenly distributed deformations, then we will follow their change in the middle latitudes and the endpoints (northern and southern points) of Bulgaria. Let us define as the "best" projection the one in which the deformations in the middle and endpoints latitudes differ the least, i.e. they are closest in value. The considered examples are for the projections in BGS 2000, BGS 2005, according to Airy's criteria, according to the rule for choosing standard parallels at 1/5 and 1/6 of the endpoints.

The results of the research show the best choice of parallels according to the rule of 1/6 and the worst - in BGS 2005. The results are visualized by means of comparative graphs for 5 different choices, as well as maps have been drawn up to depict the distribution of deformations on the territory to Bulgaria.

ABSTRACT. It is usually assumed without any proof that secant parallels and standard parallels of map projections are coincident. This is, unfortunately, false. There are a number of new papers published demonstrating that most map projections fail this assumption. However, some contributions highlight that there are a few mappings, in which secant and standard parallels coincide. Examples include the secant stereographic and the Gall map projections. However, no general solutions have been found to the problem, so it is unknown, exactly which map projections can have coincident standard and secant parallels.

In this study, the author aims to provide a general solution of the problem. Calculating the linear scale of a general perspective map projection of the cone, it is demonstrated that that standard and secant parallels may coincide if and only if the point of perspective lies on the line connecting the secant parallel to a special point on the surface of the sphere. This special point can be constructed as the intersection of the sphere and a line perpendicular to the cone and crossing the centre of the sphere. If the previous conditions fail, the secant parallel may not be a standard parallel of the map projection. Should both secant parallels be also standard ones, the point of perspective must be on the surface of the sphere.

This conclusion matches previous studies: It confirms that secant parallels are not standard parallels in general, but gives exact conditions for coincidence. It can be shown that all previous examples for coincidence in the literature, including the stereographic and Gall / BSAM map projections are all special cases of the general solution provided in this study. This result should thus finally close the debate on the difference between secant and standard parallels. As an interesting side result, it is also demonstrated that unlike secant parallels, tangent parallels of perspective conic map projections are indeed always standard parallels.

ABSTRACT. Global small-scale hydrological modeling datasets are in demand in many geosciences. The results of hydrological simulations include flow directions, flow accumulation, watershed delineation and stream networks. Regardless of the method of obtaining global hydrological product, one will face the task of processing at least continent-scale datasets, which may be time-consuming or hardware-expensive. Recent research on hydrological modeling has shown that calculations performed on a hexagonal mesh grid outperformed those on a rectangular mesh grid. Therefore, there is increasing interest in global-scale hydrological simulations on hexagonal grids. Discrete global grid systems (DGGS) which are spatial reference systems that use a hierarchy of equal area tessellations to partition the surface of the spherical Earth into grid cells, seems to be an efficient way to manage big geospatial data. There are studies in which hydrological algorithms are successfully applied on hexagonal DGGS, although locally. This research presents an algorithm for parallel computation of flow directions and flow accumulation on the hexagonal DGGS using the example of the African hydrological system. Referring to the hierarchical nature of DGGS, we cut the study area into tiles along the cells boundaries of one of the small-scale levels. Hydrological modeling is then performed on the desired level child cells of each tile. Afterwards the results are stitched into a single coverage. This study is practical not only for hydrological analysis, but also for combining the results of raster algebra analysis in any other areas.

ABSTRACT. Borders are a concept that has been at work since the beginnings of society in connection with various forms of borders and boundary stones. It is a spatial phenomenon that is influenced by several aspects: especially territorial, administrative, power-political and ideological, ethnic, religious, cultural, or mental ones. New borders emerge, change, and disappear. They are real and imaginary; often inaccurately recorded in the field, in documents, or in people's minds. The variety and diversity of borders create a complex set of facts, problems, and questions. Understanding the subject of borders in terms of their identification, i.e., their temporal, horizontal, and vertical layers, and a clear orientation in space, is quite difficult for both the public and the experts from home and abroad. The main objective of the presented project is: to create a basic concept of borders and their changes in the Czech lands in connection with the Central European area from the Middle Ages to the end of the 20th century; to process basic files of individual border types; to analyse, compare and interpret the data obtained; to make the research results available to the general and professional public, including the educational sector; and to provide the most comprehensive picture of borders and their changes. From a cartographic point of view, the project is primarily concerned with creating a database of selected borders that will make spatial data available to the public at various levels of generalisation and in different time periods, and that will become a reference source of historical borders for future studies in historical geography and other related fields.

ABSTRACT. The area of our research is a section of the Georgian-Azerbaijani state border, where a number of cultural heritage monuments are located, included in the David Gareji monastery complex (first half of the 6th century). This territory covers a significant part of the space between the Mtkvari and Iori rivers - from Lake Jandari to the Batory Range (466.1 m).

This section of the border passes through the most difficult physical and geographical conditions, often changes direction and goes beyond the ridge part of the range. After the occupation of Georgia by Russia in 1921, the former Georgia-Azerbaijan state border was given the status of administrative borders, and therefore their delimitation and demarcation was not carried out.

After the restoration of independence by Georgia (1991), during the agreement on the state border with neighboring Azerbaijan, the drawing of the border line in this area became controversial. One of the main reasons for the dispute can be considered the use of irrelevant cartographic sources by delimitation commissions. In addition, the location of the border line is represented differently on the main scales of existing maps (1:500 000 and 1:200 000). For example, on a map of scale 1:500 000 the boundary is drawn along the ridge, and on a map of scale 1:200 000 - along the bottom of the range.

During the study, an analysis of existing cartographic material was carried out (topographic maps of the 1970-80s at a scale of 1:25,000-1:100 000). A picket line was set up along the border line and on its basis the coordination and determination of the heights of characteristic points of the area and objects located in the border area were made. The obtained data are compared with modern orthophotomaps and satellite photographs.

ABSTRACT. This article provides a methodology for application of the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) for the production of a 1:25000 map of Bowles Ridge and Tangra Mountains, located on Livingston Island. REMA is a high-resolution digital surface model with a 2-m spatial resolution, developed and maintained since 2017 by the Polar Geospatial Center, USA. The model is constructed through stereo-photogrammetric processing of over 12-year period of satellite imagery, and its latest version (2.0) dates from October 2022. For the current project, REMA-2 data was combined with local field topographic surveys, additional satellite imagery, and was processed in GIS environment. The result is a cartographic product of a yet uncharted in such spatial resolution area, located east of the Bulgarian Antarctic Station “St. Kliment Ohridski”. The map is published in hard-copy and digital form (under CC BY-SA 4.0), and would provide valuable support for the planning, carrying out and reporting of geological, geomorphological, biological, geodetic and other research projects in the area. The 2023 Bulgarian 1:25000 map of Bowles Ridge and Tangra Mountains is an early instance of using REMA for the precision mapping of remote areas in Antarctica, a methodology whose application might grow significantly in the near future.