ABSTRACT. Moving products is a strategic choice that is influenced by a number of internal and external elements; road transportation of goods is an important component for each and every company, either locally and internationally. Faced with the negative effects of road freight transport (RFT) on the environment and human health, companies should control their emission factors, monitor activities, and also use optimization techniques to ensure continuous and sustainable improvement. Numerous studies have been done to reduce its risks, emission factors, and waste sources; in this article, we will focus on the emission factors and optimization models targeted at decreasing energy consumption through a bi-level macroscopic and microscopic analysis.

ABSTRACT. The development of business in the precast industry is increasingly showing intense competition. As the industry develops, it will be followed by product innovation and broader market developments. Therefore, a company's competitiveness is seriously tested, and only companies with high capabilities and the right marketing strategy can survive. This study aims to find the right indicators to create and analyse marketing strategies based on the marketing mix and porter's five forces with the risks of each indicator. This study uses ISO 56002 innovation process as a reference for research flow. This study uses SWOT analysis to bring up several alternative marketing strategies and Balanced Scorecard to design a map of the company's marketing strategy. This research will use one of Indonesia's precast companies as a case study. The results of the study show that 24 alternative strategies can be carried out based on SWOT with the top 3 rankings, namely facilitating price flexibility as more and more items are purchased by clients, maintaining quality product by using quality raw materials from trusted suppliers, and expanding batching plant coverage to reach more client project locations. The results obtained from the Balanced Scorecard are a strategy map with 11 strategic objectives where the growth and learning perspective has the theme of strategy for improving the quality of company resources and capabilities, the internal business process perspective has the theme of strategy for increasing productivity, the customer perspective has the theme of strategy for improving service quality and customer trust, and a financial perspective has the theme of strategy planning and increasing revenue.

ABSTRACT. This work focuses upon the possibility of sound waves as a green technology for cooling based on the principle of using the sound energy to reject the heat out of the water flow using an acoustic source enclosed by a resonator tube. The work served a range of high frequency sound waves between (20 kHz – 100 kHz). The study suggested using a bunch of parallel tubes of 4 mm diameters exposed to the high frequency sound waves in a control volume in order to remove a certain amount of heat from the flow. The effect of wave patterns and frequency on cooling effect was studied. It is found that the power generated by high frequency sound waves is applicable to make a density difference thus affect the temperature of the medium. The results have shown the possibility of achieving a temperature difference of 17 oC across the water flow during 10 minutes for the suggested system.

ABSTRACT. The Roadmap to Zero Emission suggests steps to contribute in the short, medium, and long term a goal to attain Net Zero Carbon in Indonesia by 2060 from the building and construction sector, one of the components in the roadmap is applying the green retrofitting concept to high-rise office buildings, which is one of the important things in reducing Greenhouse Gases Emissions. Buildings built before the 2000s are still vulnerable to exposure to the importance of energy efficiency, so renovation of existing buildings through green retrofitting is needed. This is because through retrofitting, existing buildings can be utilized for sustainability purposes that reduce excessive energy expenditure. Green retrofitting is an effort to adjust the performance of buildings that have been built to obtain a certificate as green buildings. Several governmental and non-governmental organizations make a certification for Customization with different benchmarks/parameters. Likewise, in Indonesia, there are two regulations and benchmarks in assessing Green Building performance, namely the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) and PUPR Ministerial Regulation Number 21 of 2021. The implementation of customization can be through the development of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), where based on the 6th edition of PMBOK, efforts to detail the resources needed in project planning, monitoring, and control can use WBS and Resources Breakdown Structure (RBS). The results of research by developing WBS on the Retrofitting concept are guided by GBCI and PUPR Ministerial Regulation Number 21 of 2021, and it is anticipated that the development of the BIM-5G model will improve cost estimation accuracy.

ABSTRACT. The demand for precast concrete is increasing rapidly along with the development of construction technology, where almost all building elements use precast concrete. This can be seen in the production capacity, which is increasing yearly, making it possible for similar products from abroad to enter the country. Therefore increasing the superiority of precast concrete products is necessary to increase companies' competitiveness to compete in the industry. This research focuses on the product with the highest demand in Company X, spun pile. This study aims to identify what factors must be considered in product innovation as well as existing risk factors to increase competitiveness. This study uses Qualitative analysis methods by validating research results in product innovation and risk factors on experts who were analyzed using the Delphi method and the ISO 56002 innovation process as a reference for the research flow. Based on the research results, three factors with a total of twelve indicators need to be considered in product innovation. There are a total of twenty-eight identified risks based on the goals and objectives of each indicator. This study resulted in product innovation recommendations in the form of preventive and corrective actions for any high risks in spun pile products to increase competitiveness.

ABSTRACT. Silicon's unique characterizations make it highly desirable and increasingly used by researchers and engineers in various materials for different applications, composite materials, or industries. This review investigation focused on the influence of silicon nanoparticles on their structure and optical, electrical, and mechanical characterizations. The review focused on different processes and techniques used to enhance the general characterization of polymers or blended polymers and to fabricate new materials that open the way for promising applications. The study and related literature reported that the new nanocomposites are promising for solar cells, photoelectronic, and sensor applications.

ABSTRACT. Yttrium barium copper oxide) YBa2Cu3O7-x (is one of the most interesting high-temperature superconductors. YBa2Cu3O7-x was synthesized by mixing yttrium oxide, barium dioxide, and copper oxide. (PS-PMMA-YBa2Cu3O7-x) composites were synthesized by applying a solution cast method. The optical properties of composites were investigated using different loading ratios from (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt. %) of the superconductor materials. The optical properties result of composites exhibited notable improvement in the absorbance, absorption index, refractive coefficient, and real and imaginary isolation constants with an increase in the YBa2Cu3O7-x concentrations, whereas significant enhancement was presented by reducing the energy gap up to 1.5 eV after the contribution of the (YBa2Cu3O7-x) superconductor. Fine homogeneity of the blended polymers in the matrix presented optical microscopy (OM) images and good dispersion of the YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor in the composites. These composites could open new ways for new applications for electronic devices such as solar cells and sensors, etc.

ABSTRACT. The development of precast concrete usage in Indonesia is increasing rapidly, it can be seen from its production which continues to increase every year according to data from the Ministry of PUPR, especially in achieving the production target in 2024 of around 40-48 million tons per year. With an increasingly high level of demand, there needs to be added value as an innovation for national companies to be able to compete in this industry. The application of technology could be a way to improve the process of precast concrete manufacture by reducing costs and increasing production capacity. Thus, it is necessary to develop innovations of technology applications on precast concrete production as an added value to increase the competitiveness of the national precast concrete company. This research is limited to precast concrete products with the highest demand on the precast company in Indonesia (PT.X), spun pile. This study aims to identify the currently existing technology application in each activity of the production along with the risk factors. This study was carried out risk-based using the ISO 56002 innovation process as a reference for the research flow. This research was conducted qualitatively by combining and validating the results of the expert’s judgment on the variables and factors proposed which were analyzed using the Delphi method. Based on the research results, there are five major activities as sub-variables with ten applied technologies as indicators in precast concrete production. Based on the goals and objectives from each indicator, there are a total of forty-two risks that have been identified from all indicators of each technology innovation factor.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the design, simulation, manufacturing, and evaluation of a compact quad band multi-mode bandpass filter (QB-BPF). The proposed QB-BPF utilizes two coupled asymmetrical stub-loaded resonators (ASLR) and incorporates fractal geometry. The filter being discussed operates within specific frequency ranges, namely 2.3-2.46 GHz, 3.16-3.35 GHz, 4.69-5 GHz, and 6.19-6.55 GHz. It is specifically designed to cater to the needs of Zigbee, GPS, WIMAX, and WLAN applications. Transmission zeros are strategically introduced within each passband to enhance the selectivity of the passband, resulting in a notable degree of isolation. The filtering structure under investigation was constructed utilizing Rogers RO4350B substrate, characterized by a dielectric constant of 3.48 and a thickness of 0.762 mm. The filter that has been developed exhibits overall dimensions of 11.2mm by 10mm, which can be represented as 0.15λg×0.14λg. The suggested bandpass filters (BPFs) were designed and simulated using the tools available in CST Microwave Studio.

ABSTRACT. A design technique of a compact dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) with adjustable passband and Wide-stopband is developed for LEO communication satellite systems. In this paper dual mushroom resonators are integrated inside a cavity of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) to create a shunt resonator loading the SIW. Consequently, 〖TE〗_101 and 〖TE〗_102 modes of a cavity in a SIW are excited and adjusted. The first passband is realized by exciting the fundamental mode of the SIW resonator, 〖TE〗_101, while the second passband is achieved using the next higher order mode of the resonator structure namely 〖TE〗_102. In order to minimize the SIW's size resonator and control the second mode resonance frequency the mushroom resonators are adopted. ANSYSEDT 2022 R1 is utilized to design the proposed filter. The developed filter operates with dual bands for LEO satellite system at 12.1 GHz and 14.4 GHz center frequencies, the fractional bandwidths are 2.06% and 1.73%, respectively. Simulation results illustrated that the proposed filter possesses two passbands with insertion losses of 0.92 and 0.99 dB and return losses of 26.9 and 28.2 dB at the first and second bands, respectively. Also, the out-of-band rejection is better than 30 dB exceeding 15.7 GHz with second harmonic rejection.

ABSTRACT. As of market for precast is thriving, some activities still need to be carried out optimally and efficiently for precast concrete products by taking into account competitors locally and abroad to encourage continuous improvement necessity of productivity performance in increasing the competitiveness of companies. Thus, developing innovative methods for making precast concrete products is necessary. Focuses on a product with the highest production capacity in Indonesia, precast concrete with the rotary method spun pile. The paper aims to explore Indonesia’s current precast concrete production process activities, identify risk factors, and find high risk as the basis of innovation of spun pile manufacturing methods. This goal was achieved using qualitative research, combining and validating the results from experts on production process activities and risk factors, which were analyzed using the Delphi method and ISO 56002. The findings of this study are focused on the dominant risk, honeycomb concrete, from the spinning process activity. This study resulted in an innovation process of high-volume fly ash cementitious mixtures for cement grout injection on honeycomb concrete and additional preventive activities on spun pile workflow, generated from 66 risk factors to increase a company’s competitiveness in facing market competition.

ABSTRACT. The prevalence of reinforced concrete (RC) wall structures and the introduction of novel concrete additives have positioned RC walls as essential load-bearing elements, comparable to beams, plates, and columns. The incorporation of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in these structures not only underscores their sustainable capabilities but also aids in mitigating environmental repercussions. In this experimental study, eight two-way thin normal concrete wall panels were cast and tested, employing RCA as a waste material. The specimens were categorized into two groups: Group (A) comprised four normal concrete wall panels with natural aggregate, while Group (B) comprised four normal concrete walls with RCA. Iron filings were introduced at varying volume percentages, ranging from 0 to 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%, in both groups. The results revealed that augmenting the iron filings ratio to 1% yielded a 5% increase in load capacity for normal concrete wall panels incorporating RCA (NCRA) and a 6% improvement for panels utilizing natural aggregate (NCNA). Additionally, lateral deflections diminished by 11.4% for NCRA and 10.5% for NCNA upon increasing the iron filings ratio to 1%. These findings demonstrate the enhanced mechanical properties of concrete when substituting natural aggregates with RCA, underscoring the positive influence of recycling practices on sustainable construction methodologies. The utilization of RCA offers numerous sustainable advantages, including diminished waste accumulation in landfills, conservation of finite natural resources, and reduced energy consumption during the production of traditional aggregates. Moreover, integrating RCA into concrete structures facilitates the circular economy and diminishes the carbon footprint associated with construction projects. The study's outcomes highlight the viability of utilizing RCA as a viable substitute for natural aggregates, promoting environmentally conscious construction practices and enabling the transition to a more sustainable built environment.

ABSTRACT. In this work, a comprehensive design and performance analysis between two different polarization-dependent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM techniques are investigated. The OFDM technique has an extreme robustness against chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). A coherent optical (CO) system transmits a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation QAM-OFDM signal over an 800 km uncompensated optical fiber link. Although the CO-OFDM system costs more and necessitates a more complicated transceiver circuit than direct detection DD-OFDM, it has become increasingly prevalent in high-speed optical networks. We proposed the use of a large effective area fiber, which produced a less expensive and more sophisticated system by requiring no dispersion compensation. Coherent optical systems, high-order modulation (16QAM), single polarization SP, and dual polarization DP-OFDM techniques are used to enhance spectral efficiency (SE), optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), and bit error rate (BER). Transmission experiments showed that, although DP-OFDM is more complicated and more costly, it has a better SE and exhibits a 24.5 dB OSNR value. On the other hand, SP-OFDM showed a lesser OSNR value of 23 dB but improved BER behavior, less complexity, and a more cost-effective system. The performance of our system with 40 Gb/s along an 800 km uncompensated link is achieved by employing the single mode fiber SMF standard ITU-T G.655 non-return to zero fiber NRZF, which is designed and simulated using Optisystem software.

ABSTRACT. It is necessary to provide the necessary safety for high buildings and protect them from external influences, such as earthquakes, high winds, hurricanes, and other natural disasters because the actual need for tall buildings to provide the necessary housing for the continuous population density has increased. As a result of this increase, it has become necessary to provide the necessary safety for these buildings. Where new research have been appearing on a regular basis over the past few years. to ensure the highest possible level of safety for building constructions. The purpose of the research presented in this article was to investigate and create optimal multi-objective proportional derivative (PID) control units for seismic control in buildings. The structure under investigation is a four-story building that has Active Tuned Damper Mass (ATMD). Particle swarm optimization, also known as PSO, was used to create tuning parameters for the PID controller that was placed to govern the ATMD. This controller was situated on the top floor of a four-story building that was vulnerable to the El Centro1940 time-scale earthquake. Compare these results to those obtained with a traditional PID controller (ZN tuning). The findings of the simulation reveal that PID-PSO is effective in lowering the amount of structural displacement and the amount of effort required for control. In addition, the control technology that has been developed is not only simpler to implement but also more powerful than the traditional PID controllers. For the purposes of simulation and control in this investigation, MATLAB along with Simulink was used.

ABSTRACT. This paper evaluates a 160 Gbps Free Space Optics (FSO) system with Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM) using advanced modulation schemes such as QPSK, 16 PSK, 16 QAM, and 32 QAM. The system is further analyzed under varying climate conditions such as clear weather, rain, and fog. The system is simulated utilizing the Optisystem v15. The effectiveness of a 2x2 and 4x4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique is also studied in mitigating the impact of atmospheric conditions. MIMO configurations are comprised of a fork that provides multiple copies of the signal, FSO channels, as well as power combiners at the receiver. The system's spectral efficiency improves when utilizing higher-order modulation schemes, increasing from 4 bits/sec/Hz in the case of dual polarization (DP)-QPSK to 10 bits/sec/Hz in the case of DP-32 QAM. However, the transmission link distance degrades from 75.4 km for DP-QPSK to 40 km, 24.3 km, and 6.7 km for DP 16 QAM, DP 16 PSK, and DP 32 QAM, respectively, under clear weather conditions. Furthermore, the required OSNR to achieve an acceptable BER increases from 14.1 dB for DP QPSK to 18, 21.7, and 23.8 for DP-16 QAM, DP-32 QAM, and DP-16 PSK, respectively. The application of MIMO technique enhances the transmission link distance from 74.5 km to 100.5 km and 115 km for 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO, respectively, when using DP-QPSK. For DP-16 PSK, the transmission link distance improves from 24.3 km to 38.5 km and 47.5 km, while for DP-16 QAM, it improves from 40 km to 59 km and 70 km, and for DP-32 QAM, it improves from 6.7 km to 12.5 km and 16.4 km.

ABSTRACT. Purpose: Because of the high incidence of stroke around the world, there have been many techniques to treat post-stroke patients to restore motor ability. One of the most dependable and promising technologies is virtual reality(VR), we developed a VR system called (Meta VR-Rehab) that will aid to recover motor function after a stroke in the upper limbs. Objectives: The aim of this study is to improve the patient's motor ability, which was damaged after a stroke, by relying on VR technology. Methods: 15 patients (n=15) participate in our study (2 women, 13 men) and were divided into two groups, VR group receive VR intervention for 4 to 6 hours each day through 2 days (short-term intensive VR training course) with patients that had time equal to or less than 6 months after stroke with a customized gradual fully immersive game which designed by using Unity engine. Meta Quest two and a personal computer (PC) were used through the intervention. We used the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and the Wolf Motor test (WMFT) to assess the effect of our system on an upper limb’s motor function recovery. The Conventional group had the same protocol as the VR group. The result of the two groups was compared to prove the effectiveness of our system. Results: Remarkable progress was achieved with the disabled side for the VR group. The result was that we had improvements in (FMA-UE) points and (WMFT) time in the VR group, (No remarkable changes were observed in the Conventional group). The average gain in (FMA-UE) was (1.7) points and the average gain in (WMFT) was (4.3) seconds. The VR intervention had a gain over the Conventional intervention by (1.867) points in (FMA-UE), and had a gain in (WMFT) by (2.664) seconds.

Conclusion: The proposed VR game with a Meta Quest two device is a potential intervention for improving motor function in patients with mild to moderate stroke. Patients were able to use the system productively and safely with minimal supervision resulting in measurable improvements in upper limbs function.

ABSTRACT. A successful data-driven approach has been adopted to predict the future Health Indicator (HI) and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of the conveyor belt system, aiming to avoid potential problems and reduce the occurrence of future failures. It is necessary to record and analyze each operational profile of the conveyor system to achieve extrapolation using the data-driven model. By following the signal of the sensor at any point in the operation scenario, the RUL of the conveyor can be estimated. The regression algorithm, namely the polynomial curve fitting (PCF) model, was employed for HI and RUL prediction. Experimentally collected data from tests conducted on the conveyor belt were utilized to train the PCF model. The experimental results obtained from four categories: linear and nonlinear deceleration and linear and nonlinear acceleration deterioration, were reported and discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed PCF model in predicting HI was demonstrated using the appropriate performance metric (MAE). Additionally, the results revealed that the proposed predictive strategy provided a reliable estimation of the RUL.

ABSTRACT. Nanomaterials have been used in engineering applications lead to an expansion of research in this particular area thermosetting polymers such as epoxy polyester and polyurethane. This research includes the effect of adding (Tio2) Nanoparticles on some mechanical properties of epoxy such as tensile strength and impact and hardness both cases of the presence and absence of cracks (internal or external). This study is carried out by experimental and theoretical work simulation to improve these properties. Samples were prepared by direct processes (casting) at room temperature. Samples reinforced with fiberglass were prepared, and three percentages of Tio2 nanomaterials (1%, 2%, and 3%) were taken. After conducting the tests, it was found that the addition of nanomaterials (Tio2) improves the mechanical properties of composite materials that contain or do not contain external or internal cracks. The results of FESEM indicated that there were no agglomerations of Tio2 inside the sample, which made the casting operations homogeneous for the compound epoxy, and the percentage of 3% of Tio2 was the best percentage added.

ABSTRACT. The present study looked at the viability of employing nanomaterials to remove dispersed blue 79 azo dye from its aqueous solutions. In this instance, the adsorbent for the adsorption method was Nano Zero Valent Aluminum. Several variables were considered in order to evaluate this method's effectiveness. In order to address the effectiveness of this method, several parameters were taken into account. These factors, which constitute the ideal conditions for this process, are the initial pH (7.5), dye concentration (5 mg/L), temperature (50℃), and adsorption time (30) min. According to the kinetic analysis, a pseudo-second-order reaction follows the adsorption process. The term "thermodynamic functions" refers to the endothermic response, the spontaneity of the process, and increasing randomness. According to the isothermal investigation, the reaction conforms to the Langmuir equation.

ABSTRACT. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the best bioceramic materials and is widely used in a variety of orthopedic applications. In the present work, three different natural resources (eggshell, seashell, and oyster shell) were used to investigate the synthesis of HA bioceramic materials using a wet chemical method. These natural materials are rich in calcium. In this work, these materials are reacted with nitric acid to form calcium nitrate and then added to a phosphoric acid solution. The resulting solution was aged at 60°C for 6 hours and finally calcined at 700°C. The XRD analysis result revealed the successful synthesis of HA powder from a seashell source. The prepared HA powder was mixed with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and ZnO at different ratios to fabricate the HA-based bioceramic composites. The addition of YSZ and ZnO to the HA reduces its porosity and water absorption percentages. The microhardness value of HA-based composite samples improved with increasing additions of both YSZ and ZnO and then decreased as the amount of these additions increased. The highest hardness value was on the HA sample, which contains 15 wt% YSZ and 6 wt% ZnO.

ABSTRACT. Diabetic retinopathy is a disease capable of resulting to loss of vision in humans if not treated early enough. The study aimed at predicting the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy through the application of stacking ensemble classification technique on features extracted from output of different retinal images. The proposed system was implemented on embedded system using Python-based integrated development environment and executed in an Apple M1 computer with 3.20 GHz CPU and 8 GB RAM under Mac OS Mojave. The prediction of diabetic retinopathy was done by comparing the performances of decision tree singled classifiers, support vector machine, stochastic gradient descent, and XG Boost with their ensemble through Stacking classification technique. The novel ensemble model performs better than singled models with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 85%, 81 % and 86 % respectively.

ABSTRACT. The piezoelectric-ferroelectric ternary system (Bi0.596Na0.427K0.0575Ba0.03TiO3) was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The Rietveld refinement for the XRD pattern showed the presence of hexagonal and tetragonal within a morphotropic phase boundary. The lattice constants of the hexagonal phase (a=b=5.3936, c=13.1943 Å) and the tetragonal phase (a=b=5.4091, c=4.0336 Å). The results of Raman with different temperatures confirm the phase transition from the ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase according to the depolarization temperature (Td) and from antiferroelectric-paraelectric according to Curie temperature (Tc). The dielectric constant as a function of the temperature with different frequencies showed that the Curie temperature was in the range of (342-346 C) and the depolarization temperature in the range of (151-186 C). The P-E hysteresis loop (ferroelectric polarization-electric field) showed a soft ferroelectric hysteresis loop, where the polarization increased weakly with the applied electric field of about (1.5 kV/mm). There is a limitation of the experimental condition of the applied electric field to show typical hysteresis loops. The results emphasized the presence of electromechanical response for the applied ac-voltage and the ability to inverse the domain of the polarization to produce the behavior of the hysteresis loop for the ferroelectric material

ABSTRACT. The aim of the work is to synthesize Gd2O3 /GdOOH Nanocompound using (a novel, rapid, clean, and low-temperature) pulsed laser ablation - fragmentation in liquid and this method has attracted a lot of attention since it is simple for controlling the experimental parameters. Rare earth oxide and hydroxide have been synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of oxide precursors in deionized distilled water at different magnitudes of laser energy of 10, 30, and 50 mJ/pulse. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the size of crystallites increases as laser intensity increases and decreases with decreasing wavelength. It is feasible to conclude that 10 mJ/pulse laser energy is optimal for the preparation of Gd2O3/GdOOH Nanocompound with a homogeneous size distribution in substance. FESEM, and EDS investigations confirmed the presence of Gd2O3 nanoflake formations and FTIR analyses.

ABSTRACT. The atmosphere layer of the earth is very important to human life, the living creatures on earth, and the natural environment, it has the most critical gaseous and also responsible for keeping the earth from the harmful solar radiation of ultraviolet. The atmosphere layer could be affected badly by air pollution, air pollution in the urban ambient is the result of emissions from many sources such as natural and anthropogenic, stationary, and mobile sources. Major sources of air pollution could result from burning fossil fuel, industrial discharge, combustion of plastic and organic compounds, and incomplete combustion of synthetic material. Recently, the monitoring of air pollution can be monitored by remote sensing and ground surveys. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used for cloud geospatial analysis, Earth Data source was used to extract various gaseous and particle data, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. Our study was conducted in the Al-Nahrawan region in Baghdad. The air quality of the Al-Nahrawan region was clearly affected by the brick factories' activities in the northwest direction of the region and also from the west direction of the region from Baghdad. We used remote sensing to investigate the air pollutants (NO2, SO2, CO, CO2, O3, CH4, PM2.5), by examining ten sites samples from the brick factories scattered in the Al-Nahrawan region during 2021year, in addition to the climate factors (Temperature, Precipitation, Relative Humidity). Study results show, the maximum CO2 concentration was (457 ppm) but the minimum concentration was (430 ppm).While the maximum concentration of NO2 was (2.9 x1016 molecules cm−2) but the minimum value was (8.8 x1014 molecules cm−2). The SO2 was (1.2 x1017 molecules cm−2) at maximum concentration and (6.5 x1012 molecules cm−2) at minimum. But the CH4 was (1942 ppb) at maximum value and (1843 ppb) at minimum value. While the maximum concentration of CO was (2.5 x1018 molecules cm−2) and the minimum value was (1.7 x1018 molecules cm−2). The O3 was (9.7 x1018 molecules cm−2) at maximum and (6.7 x1018 molecules cm−2) at minimum. The average Temperature was (41 °C) at maximum and (11 °C) at minimum. Annual precipitation average was (106 mm). The Average of Relative Humidity was (51 %) at maximum and (13.6 %) at minimum.

ABSTRACT. Concern for natural resources and sustainability became priorities for maintaining future sustainability goals. Diagnose the main pollutants that reduce the quality of the Tigris water while monitoring its uses and removing or reducing toxic components. As a source of water for supplying drinking water, agriculture, industry, domestic water supply, and disposal of waste water, the flow of the Tigris River is affected over time by the construction of dams and climate change. In the present study, physical-chemical parameters measurements of water samples taken from eight stations were collected during three months in 2022 through flow path along the whole length of Tigris River from salah Al-deen thorough Baghdad city to Al- Kut city were investigated for five parameters are pH, TDS , Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus and turbidity. The water quality analysis results it showed, the pH value range (6.5-7.9) in ST.7 of month February and March respectively. While TDS values oof the research area ranged (147 -486) mg/L in ST.2 and ST.6of both the month of June and February respectively. As for total nitrogen its value ranged (0.1-0.74) mg/ L in March and June in Sit.4 and Sit.1 respectively. While total phosphorus levels ranged (0.027- 0.26) in Sit.1 during the month of June and Sit.8 during the month of February. As for turbidity ranged (5 - 18) NTU at site 6, Sit.8 in June and March respectively. The spatial distribution of five water quality parameters within the studied area was carried out by implementing the Quantum Geography Information System QGIS technique established on the Inverse Distance Weighted IDW method to produce the interpolation predicted maps of stations along of study area. The results showed deterioration in water quality and an increase in some of the observed concentrations of variables for the present study stations along the river's path, due to human, agricultural and industrial activities and the influx of brackish water directly into the river without treatment. Spatial distribution is essential to give a thorough understanding of the river's contamination reality. As a result, it is simpler to comprehend, examine, and identify the best treatments and remedies for the problem of poor water quality.

ABSTRACT. in this work, a-open sets and δ-sets have been used to introduce and analyze a novel family of maps known as the faintly δ_a-continuous maps and faintly θ_δ-continuous maps. Many features of faintly δ_a-continuous and faintly θ_δ-continuous maps are obtained. In particular, when the graph of a map is faintly delta a continuous the map itself will be faintly theta semi continuous. Also, when the mapping is faintly delta a continuous then the restriction of it is also faintly a continuous. In addition, the connection between faintly δ_a-continuous maps, faintly θ_δ -continuous maps and different kinds of faintly continuous maps was also studied. It has been proven that every faintly continuous function is faintly theta delta continuous and also an example showing that it is the inverse of this theorem is not necessarily true in general. Also, we obtained some properties for the anther kind of faintly θ_δ-continuous maps and we proved many Lemmas for faintly θ_δ-continuous.

ABSTRACT. For the determination of vitamin B3 (niacin acid) in pharmaceutical preparations and human fluids, a novel, straightforward, quick, and sensitive electrode was constructed using carbon paste electrodes modified by Multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs with the ion pair composition of niacin acid with methyl red. Utilizing Atomic Force Microscope AFM and Scanning Electron Microscope SEM tools, the electrode's surface geometry, topography, and pores were studied, and it was shown that MWCNTs had an impact on the electrode's electrical characteristics. The results of this study showed that the electrodes' surface roughness, surface area, and homogeneity have increased by MWCNTs, which speeds up and facilitates the ion exchange process. Three electrodes were established with the following three plasticizers, Di-butyl sebacate DBS, Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate TEHP, and Di-butyl phthalate DBPH, A, B and C, respectively, and the Nernst slope of (39.93), (56.02) and (42.78) mV/decade with linear range for electrodes of (0.01- 1*10-6), (0.01- 5*10-6 )and (0.01- 5*10-7)M, respectively, the detection limit was (9.8*10-7 ), (0.46*10-5 ) and (0.47*10-6) M, the lifetime was (11), (40) and (20) days, respectively. The pH range for all electrodes was (4-8). From the results obtained, it was found that the best electrode B is the best electrode. Electrodes NA-MR-TEHP were given the best results so, they were used in the determination of NA in pharmaceutical preparations and human fluids by using the direct method and standard addition method. The recovery% was (99, 97, 94, and 96) % for NA tablet, syrup, urine and serum, respectively.

ABSTRACT. One of the serious problems facing humanity is antibacterial resistance therefore the priority is given for discovery and development of antibacterial agents to overcome this problem. The development of numerous therapeutic agents, including drugs with a broad antibacterial spectrum, can be modeled using heterocyclic compounds, which are regarded as crucial in medicinal chemistry. Novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives incorporating with aromatic and heterocyclic molecules have been synthesized using a straightforward one-pot three component Mannich base reaction and screened for antibacterial activity. The structures of the recently synthesized compounds were identified using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) techniques and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity using S. aureus, B. subtilis (Gram-positive bacteria) and E.coli, and P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria). The synthesized product namely N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-4-((3-oxo-1,3-di(thiophen-2-yl)propyl)amino)benzenesulfonamide (3) displayed remarkable antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria and was shown to be more effective than trimethoprim. These compounds can be used as promising lead compounds for development of new potent antibacterial agents.

ABSTRACT. This research included the preparation new Schiff base compounds. First, reaction 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole with p-aminoacetophenone were prepared to produce the compound [H1].The second phase involves resulting compound reacted with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrate with stirring and cooling to form diazonium salts by coupling reaction, the prepared diazonium salt was reacted with P-hydroxycinnamaldehyde to give the azo compound [H2], and then reacted with various cyclic amines such as 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine,2-aminobenzothiazol,5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine, diagnosed by FT. IR,1HNMR,13CNMR and study the biological activity of some compounds against two types of bacteria.

ABSTRACT. In this research, polymeric compounds reinforced with Iraqi clay minerals and nanoparticles were prepared to protect carbon steel, and the chemical and mechanical properties were studied. Low carbon steel alloys were used as a substrate coated with composite materials consisting of epoxy as a matrix material reinforced with mullite(M) clay particles by weight percentage ( 2,4,6,8,10wt%), as well as studying the effect of adding (Zro2) nanoparticles to the composite (M-epoxy ) using the spraying method. The composite coating was investigation by (XRD),(FTIR) ,microhardness ,pull-off adhesion test ,wear rate ,polarization and corrosion rate test . The results (XRD ) for the intercalation of Zro2 nanoparticles in the composite (M/epoxy ) . The presence of (M) clay particles and nano-Zro2 in the epoxy matrix. Increasing coating hardness values when added nano-zro2 to a composite coating (M/epoxy ) . The highest adhesion strength was obtained when adding nanoparticles, and the best ratio was ( 2,4,6wt%). It also improved both wear rate and corrosion resistance compared to composite coating (M/epoxy ) .

ABSTRACT. PV system reliability and durability investigations are essential for industrial maturity and economic success. Recently, PV systems get a big interest in Iraq due to many reasons for instance, power shortage, global warming, pollution, etc., Solar PV is promising in Iraq, assuming the PV module's efficiency equal to 16%, each 10 km² has the potential to produce estimated energy of about 3.4 billion kWh/year, equivalent to a total capacity of 5.9 GW. The primary objective of this work is to measure the energy and the performance indices of an existing PV plant and identify the most common shortcomings, failure modes and their economic impact on the energy yield and LCoE. To improve the grade of the future outlook of PV plants by strengthening the long-term viability of PV and BoS to be implemented in harsh climates. Through delivering lifetime energy based on FMEEA by pointing out all the related failure modes in harsh climates like those of Iraq. 850 kWp, government-asset, flat roof, grid-connected PV plant installed over 6000m² in Iraq/Baghdad-Ministry of Electricity facility was inspected, which is denoted as BWh hot arid with rare to very little precipitation. Data measured and calculated factors revealed a degradation rate of the PV system above the recommended industry values with poor system performance reaching 84% power losses, additionally with an augmentation in O&M costs was noticed after only 36 months of operation.

ABSTRACT. ABSTRACT: Air pollution is very sensitive issue which may affect the type of human lives. Factories, refineries, cars, and the natural resources are the major reasons of air pollution. Risks of cancer may be increased by breathing a polluted air and can cause a premature death. This paper introduces an implementation of smart air-polluted monitoring-and-avoidance system based on two different microcontrollers to achieve a comparison between two microcontroller types. The prototype of the proposed system have various types of gas sensors just like (CO, NO2, SO2, Butane, LPG, Propane) gas sensors. These sensors are organized in two sensor nodes and each controlled by microcontroller. There is a server which is represented by raspberry pi 3 that contains the database system to accomplish real time monitoring. Also, web interface GUI is used to monitor the levels of gases as charts. Fans and relays are turned on/off in case of CO gas increased or decreased. An email and message alert are sent to the administrator of the system after CO gas increasing. Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT) is used to deliver the message from sensors nodes to the main server. A basic type of security is used for the proposed system using authentication and substitution cryptography.

ABSTRACT. Performance in wireless local area networks (WLANs) depends on channel efficiency. Channel Utilization (CU) is one of the most crucial parameters that makes the channel work better. In wireless local area networks (WLANs), at the medium access control (MAC) layer, channel utilization plays a critical role in improving quality of service (QoS). In a WLAN, there are many input parameters for measuring channel utilization. Request to Send Threshold (RTS Threshold-RTSTV), Fragmentation Threshold (FTV) and Buffer Size (BS) are the most common input parameters. These parameters control how the CSMA/CA (Collision-Aware Multiple Access) protocol uses and moves virtual RTS and CTS packets. These parameters have been tested on OPNET Modeler in previous studies and datasets have been generated. By applying reinforcement learning to the resulting data sets, the performance of the output parameters is improved. The values for RTSTV, FTV, and BS were updated using a brute-force algorithm combined with a lookup table in the OPNET Modeler code block structure, and the channel utilization increased during the simulation. The network layer, node layer, and process layer have been updated with this new agent model structure. With reinforcement learning, this simulation study increased CU and performance by 15-18%.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, two strategies for increasing the efficiency of solar vacuum collectors are investigated and analyzed. The first way involves installing a solar reflecting curtain in front of the solar vacuum collector that is controlled by the solar panel system. It is possible to enhance the quantity of solar radiation that is reflected back to the vacuum collector by using this curtain. The curtain is programmed to move in the same direction as the sun's rays, and the Nano fluid's temperature determines the reflectors' movement. The Al2O3 Nanofluid with a diameter of 70 nm is used in the second procedure, which is combined with distilled water. Three different flow rates of 30, 50, and 60 L/m were employed in the experiment, each paired with one of three different volume concentrations: 1, 3, and 5% by volume. When the sun-reflecting curtain and Nano-liquid were utilized, the findings demonstrated a 14.58% increase in the thermal characteristics of the solar vacuum collector. On the other hand, the amount of advancement that was achieved when the solar reflective curtain was not utilized was 9.61%.

ABSTRACT. The service institution is considered one of the most important institutions in our time. It has become a great place in our daily life, and health institutions are the most important of them because they provide many types of necessary health services related to the safety of the health of the individual. The research study health care, especially health service in health institutions in general, and the impact of continuous quality improvement through knowledge of improvement tools and how to assess and measure quality. Continuous Quality Improvement enjoyed the application and implementation of many aspects in health care and in order to maintain the required level of performing this service and its impact on society and the safety of its members. Those interested in this field also contributed to identifying several dimensions of health service quality, as these dimensions became They are considered indicators to measure the level of health service quality.

ABSTRACT. The authenticated handwritten signatures play a critical role in many daily lives operations. Forged signatures may cause big problems that lead to serious crimes. Therefore, In this work, a reliable handwritten signature authentication mechanism is put forth. The system uses an efficient image preprocessing stage with Mobilenets for the authentication process. The proposed system achieved a high authentication rate of 99.7% using the CEDAR dataset.

ABSTRACT. Nowadays, maintenance is critical to the existence of any industry. Over the years, numerous maintenance strategies have been adopted and referenced in the literature, and each has pros and cons. Maintenance management must decide which maintenance strategy to employ. The selection of the most suitable strategy that must be followed is a very complex issue due to the large number of criteria that need to be taken into consideration. Thus, the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach is a critical point in this field. Numerous literature related to maintenance strategy selection has been performed. This paper attempts to explore recent progress and research trends on maintenance strategy selection models in terms of the solution methods, specifically MCDM techniques, as well as maintenance strategies being applied in various industries. It also focuses on identifying the most important criteria that authors have frequently used to assist in making appropriate decisions about evaluating and selecting maintenance strategies for various types of case studies. Therefore, this work can offer useful references for practitioners and researchers interested in the MSS field.

ABSTRACT. Composite materials based on aluminum are among the most important materials used in various industries due to their good properties such as wear resistance, low density, and high resistance relative to weight. In this research, composite materials based on aluminum alloy (Al-5083) were prepared in addition to nanomaterial (ZrO2) with weight ratios of (2%, 4%, and 6%) prepared by the vortex method. The ZrO2 nanomaterial was added to the molten materials, which were then mixed with an electric mixer to create a vortex. The molten mixture was then poured into a cylindrical metal mold. After that, the samples were cut and prepared by polishing and smoothing them for experimentation and wear tests. The surface roughness and hardness of the samples were examined before and after the wear test, the tensile strength of the samples was tested, and the microscopic structure of the models was studied, and a comparison was carried out between them. The results obtained through this study show that the wear resistance of composite materials has improved due to the addition of nanomaterial (ZrO2) compared to the base alloy. The wear resistance of the alloy with the addition of 4% nano was the best because the wear resistance was higher due to the lower wear rate. The addition of nanomaterial (ZrO2) in the above proportions has contributed to improving the mechanical properties of the alloy (tensile resistance, hardness and wear resistance). It was found that 4% gave the maximum stress (δu) and the highest hardness . It was found that the addition of nanomaterials (ZrO2) to the base metal led to an increase in wear resistance, especially at the addition of (4%) nano considered as the best in wear resistance.

ABSTRACT. Steel (St37) is a widely used metal in industries as it has lightweight, and it is a good thermal conductor and resistant to corrosion. It is also utilized in the manufacture of pipes, alloy wheels and presses. In this research, the rate of wear was studied in two cases. First, the changed speeds with fixed time, temperature, and load on the samples and to which extent it affects the resistance to wear. Secondly, the effect of changing loads with the fixed time, temperature, and speed on resistance to wear. In this research, it was found that changing speed in the wear test increases wear resistance and hardness with increasing the speed, while the wear rate of metal decreases. However, when changing the loads, it was found that as the load increases, both the wear resistance and hardness decreased while the rate of wear increased.

ABSTRACT. This paper looks into how a bubble column's flow regime is affected by sparger geometry and the presence of internal occupied 25% from (CSA). The flow regimes are methodically explored using techniques that measure the total gas holdup and drift-flux method. The experiments were conducted in a cylindrical Plexiglas® column with a 13- cm internal diameter and 183 cm height under atmospheric pressure with a two - phase system of liquid /air. There were two types of perforated plate spargers used ,with the hole diameter ranging from 1-2 mm. The data compared to the literature on the experimental transition gas holdup values and predictions made by the theory of linear stability. Correlations were based on dimensionless numbers (Archimedes, Froude and Weber) and the group (do/DC) to predict gas holdup in a homogeneous regime. The correlation predictions and experimental values had an average inaccuracy of less than 20 %. The published data weare compared to the proposed correlation, which is found to be in rather good agreement. Internals weare found to have an impact on the overall gas holdup, but they significantly altered the structure of the gas holdup, with a small bubble holdup increase and a large bubble holdup decrease the transitional and churn-turbulent regimes, respectively.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study is to produce an astral (five vertex) form in the deep drawing process, through the use of experimental approach and the finite element simulation. The deep drawing tool, which consisted of a die and a punch, was designed and manufactured in order to carry out the experimental work necessary to produce an Astral (five vertex) cup with dimensions of 41mm in diameter and 31 mm in height from low carbon steel circular flat blank of 80 mm diameter. The analytical portion of the search is performed with the help of the finite element technique and the software (ANSYS 19.0) used for analysis. Punches with different wall curvature radii of (Rcp = 2, 4, and 6mm) were employed, and the profiles radii of both the punch and die were kept constant at 6mm.The findings of both experiments and simulation software show that an astral cup deep-drawing is generally accurate to within a range of (4% to 8%). Smaller punch wall curvature radii result in greater drawing forces and thinner walls than larger punch wall curvature radii. Highest drawing force and thinnest wall thickness at lowest punch wall curvature radius (2mm). The greatest strain at the narrowest punch wall curvature radius (2 mm).

ABSTRACT. Cryptography systems used to share the private information with the intended recipient by an encryption algorithm. The recipient decrypt it by reverse processing of encryption to get back the original information. There are two type of cryptography system, symmetric and asymmetric cryptography. The hybrid cryptosystem is the techniques that combine symmetric and asymmetric cryptography in order to get high security for data communication. This paper provides a review that investigates various hybrid cryptosystems that use the less complexity symmetric cryptosystem Playfair and the public asymmetric cryptosystem RSA. There are lots of techniques trying to improve this hybrid cryptosystem, some of them can be got it while others can't.

ABSTRACT. This paper proposed an approach for fractal video coding using fast full search algorithm. It is suggested that the drawback of fractal image compression of video sequence being time-consuming be removed. As fractal encoding process essentially achieves long time for searching about the best-matching domain block, the suggested search algorithm reduces this time significantly. The proposal is based on the self-similarity and full search algorithm, this extends the search until a good match is discovered or the search is completed. By instead starting from a faraway point, it starts searching for the best matching domain in the range block from the closest points. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the search reduction by 80% and that will accelerate the video compression process. The fast full search algorithm utilizes less encoding time than the traditional full search algorithm, achieves a higher compression ratio, and generates good decoding quality.

ABSTRACT. Following microwave irradiation, certain coordination complexes of Co(I), Ni(I), Cu(I), and Cd(I) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand generated from 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone and 3-aminophenol before being reacted in a 1:2 ratio with metal salts. By using FTIR, UV-Vis, C.H.N, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra, the ligand [H4L] is identified. Atomic absorption, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, molar conductance, (C.H.N for Ni(I) complex), and magnetic moment measurements are used to characterize the metal complexes. Octahedral structures are proposed for these complexes because these measurements show that the ligand coordinates with the metal () ion in a tridentate way through the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the ligand. The ligand [H4L] and its complexes are investigated for their antibacterial action against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus. The proposed structure of the complexes formula has been given for the prepared ligand complexes K2[M(H2L)2].

ABSTRACT. Water resources suffer from many pollutants that highly affect their quality, one of these pollutants are synthetic dyes from industrial wastewater. Recently, there has been an increase in the use of biochar, a solid material derived from the thermal decomposition of different biomass, in water treatment. Therefore, this study synthesized pristine and NaOH pre-treated biochar derived from date palm trunks waste to remove anionic dye from the aqua medium. Different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to evaluate the effect of NaOH modification on biochar properties. The treated date palm trunks biochar (T-DPTBC) has a surface area of (101.67 m2/g), which is greater than the surface area of the untreated biochar (4.1 m2/g). The T-DPTBC displayed a honeycomb-like microporous structure with an average pore diameter of (6.51 nm). The adsorption performance of an anionic dye Methyl Orange (MO) was investigated through batch experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of T-DPTBC for Mo at pH 3 was (82.92 mg/g). The results show that Freundlich model better described the adsorption isotherm (R2=0.981), indicating a multilayer adsorption process on the surface of biochar. According to the findings of this work, T-DPTBC is a sustainable adsorbent material for dye removal from aqueous media.

ABSTRACT. As the hardest known biocompatible alloys with good tensile and wear characteristics, CoCr alloys are frequently employed in biomedical applications. The microstructure details, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and toxicity ratio of vacuum-sintered CoCr alloys were studied. The X-ray diffraction data revealed that two alloys (CoCr 5Nb and CoCr 5Si) produced by powder metallurgy match the JCPDS data and had the beta phase. The use of Niobium and Silicon Nano powders improved the hardness of CoCr alloy is 4415 MPa. When compared to the base CoCr alloy, the inclusion of Niobium and Silicon alloying elements with CoCr alloy by pressing and vacuum sintering resulted in a reduced the modulus of elasticity. The maximum strength under compression load of the CoCr 5Si alloy was 973 MPa, which was much more than the standard CoCr alloy. Addition Niobium and silicon led to improve ultimate tensile strength, 95.19 MPa was value of CoCrSi. High wear resistance of CoCr alloy, especially when Si is added to Co. CoCrSi has Two alloys (CoCr 5Nb and CoCr 5Si) are less corrosive than base CoCr and corrode at a slower rate. In vitro experiment (MTT assay) was used to investigate the cell viability % (growth bone cells after 48hr. from incubation) and cytotoxicity ratios. The alloy surfaces provided good growth conditions for MG-63 cells, and the alloys had no harmful effects. The mechanical, corrosion, and biological characteristics of the CoCrSi alloy were better. Finally, the use of CoCr 5Si alloy in orthopedic applications (Knee and hip joints) has tremendous promise.

ABSTRACT. Facial recognition is an effective technology and one of the biometric0 methods that have been widely used to identify and verify the identity of the individual compared to hand geometry, ear, gait, retina eye scans, iris, fingerprint and voice. This has over time required researchers in the industrial and academic fields to devise many facial recognition systems, making it one of the more significant fields of study in the computer vision field. One of the main reasons why research continues to grow rapidly lies in its applications in unconstrained environment, where numerous of current technologies do not work optimally. Such constrains include0 low resolution, plastic surgery, expression, occlusion, ageing, illumination and pose. This article presents a comprehensive presentation on the various challenges of facial recognition system, and analyzing various techniques to address these challenges by presenting current methods that have been suggested in the literature. Moreover, the main and challenging facial databases that contain the various face limitations describing a real-life scenario are also presented and illustrating the deficiencies associated with them.

ABSTRACT. Abstract – The permanent magnet synchronous generator (BLDC) based on wind energy conversion system was mathematically modeled in this work. The principle of operation of wind energy conversion system based on a BLDC with trapezoidal EMF includes (mechanical, power electronics and electrical parts) are described. A mathematical description of the wind turbine has been compiled, which includes the aerodynamic and mechanical processes occurring in the installation. The aerodynamic characteristic of the selected profile of the turbine blades has been constructed. Development new control methods of the pitch angle β of wind turbine to enhancement output performance with low wind speed and speed control of BLDC generator to increased efficiency of machine by using PI controller using trusted Simulink software. Finally the maximum value of the theoretical power coefficient (CP) for this turbine is 0.48, indicating that it operates with the utmost efficiency achievable is (48%), which represents the theoretical efficiency of turbine because it represents the rate of the external power divided into the inner power. The optimal value of the coefficient of tip speed ratio found is 8.2, and the determined value of the maximum torque coefficient is (0.065).

ABSTRACT. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of highly oriented nanostructured ZnO thin films by chemical spray pyrolysis using an aqueous zinc chloride solution was investigated. The effects of film thickness on the morphological, structural, optical and electrical properties of the films were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis XRD showed that all films had a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure with a preferential orientation of the (002) direction. As the film thickness increased from 200 nm to about 390 nm, the crystallite size increased from 8.97 to about 15.54 nm, but no significant change in the crystal lattice constant was observed. The composition of the films was confirmed by EDS analysis and the RMS value obtained by AFM showed an improvement in surface roughness with increasing film thickness. The optical energy gap decreased from 3.1 eV to 2.8 eV with increasing film thickness. The results indicate that thicker films have improved crystallinity quality and electrical properties compared to the thinner films. The film thickness plays a crucial role in controlling these properties, and the study suggests that the highly oriented thin films can be used for various optoelectronic applications.

ABSTRACT. Synthesis 3-(4- substituted phenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 3a-c by reaction of 3-acetylpyridine with an appropriate aldehyde to produce chalcone derivatives. Reacting 3-(4-substituted phenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones 3a-c with an excess of hydrazine hydrate under reflux in acetic acid, a new series of pyrazolyl pyridines 4a-c were created. Melting point, TLC, FT-IR, while 1H-NMR were utilized to determine the structure of the generated compounds, and their creation methods were reviewed. Additionally, the pyrazolyl-pyridine derivatives 4a-c and the chalcone derivatives 3a-c were examined for their potential as antimicrobials against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella sp. When compared to the standard antibiotic Ampicillin, compounds 3a and 4a, respectively, by diffusion technique, shown good antibacterial activity. When compared to the widely used medication fluconazole, compounds 3a and 4a demonstrated little antifungal efficacy. Out of the test compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, Compound (4a) exhibited good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity compared with the standard. Therefore, compound (4a) was screened for anticancer activity. The result of the current study shows that tested combination (4a) suppressed cancer cell proliferation and has a growth-inhibitory effect on cancer cells.

ABSTRACT. Nanotechnology has had a positive impact on architecture and building preservation. As due to environmental factors, there are many ancient buildings and residential buildings that are subject to deterioration. Therefore, one of the existing solutions to extend the life of materials and enhance the self-cleaning properties or enhance the durability of concrete for various buildings is the addition of nanoparticles to the building materials. In this work, concrete samples reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully prepared. Wherein, TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed using a sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) chemical dispersant by direct mixing of the STPP:TiO2 nanocomposite with water. Compressive strength, split tensile strength, water permeability resistance, and thermal analysis were investigated for four samples resulting from part replacement of cement with 4.4, 8.8, 13.2 and 17.6 kg/m3 of TiO2 nanoparticles. Both compressive strength and tensile split strength increased with the increase of TiO2 nanoparticle content with the longer curing periods. This confirms that TiO2 nanoparticles with an average size of 35 nm filled the holes in the cement paste to gain strength and durability over time.

ABSTRACT. This study is conducted to investigate the biological effect of an aqueous solution of henna, thyme and Alcoholic garlic extract for the growth of fungus causing some skin infections in children such as Microsporum Canis, Microsporum Gypseum and Trichophyton Verrucosum. The results of the biochemical and physiological tests of the studied fungi indicated that M. Canis grows in the agar media of rice by observing the dense growth, M. Gypseum grows in the media of cornflour with 80 Tween with a blue turban, whereas T. Verrucosum grows in the media of Trichophyton 1,2 Agar. Also, the proportions of fungal species isolated from the Scalp were different. M. Canis was the predominant fungi 62.5%, followed by M. Gypseum 32.5% and T. Verrucosum 5%, and affect rates of Fungi on skin inflammation was M. Gypseum, M. Canis and T. Verrucosum 36.06%, 34.44% and 33.31% respectively the results showed that the mixture of extracts was effective in reducing the rate of infection to 24.67%. Furthermore, the concentration effects on the inflammation rate, the concentration 10% is the most effective in reducing the rate of infection of dermatophyte to 7.58%.

ABSTRACT. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the bioceramic materials widely used in different biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and high bioactivity. This work successfully prepared HA powder from natural sources, including seashells, through wet chemical methods. The prepared HA was modified by adding yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) at different ratios to fabricate the HA-based bioceramic composites with high performance. The result of XRD analysis revealed that the method used to extract HA from seashells contained some β-TCP. The effects of YSZ and ZnO on the physical and mechanical characteristics of HA were investigated. With the inclusion of YSZ and ZnO, the density of the HA-based composite was slightly improved. The addition of YSZ and ZnO increased the strength of HA-based composite samples, which then decreased as the amount of additions increased. The HA composite sample, which contains 15 wt% YSZ and 3 wt% ZnO, has the highest fracture strength values.

ABSTRACT. This article presents a systematic analysis of the retention behavior of two proton pump inhibitors (pantoprazole and rabeprazole) on two homemade ZIC-HILIC stationary phases with different space chains between the ionic site groups (ZIC-HILIC1 and ZIC-HILIC4). The effect of varying spacer lengths on the retention behaviors of pantoprazole and rabeprazole was examined. Factors that impact the analyst's chromatographic performance, such as the organic modifier ratio, pH levels, and acetate buffer ionic strength, were examined. The chromatographic separation was carried out on two zwitterionic stationary phases (100 mm ×4.6 mm ID, 3.5µm) column. The mobile phase was composed of 80% acetonitrile and 20% acetate buffer (40 mM) at pH 4.75; the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min with isocratic elution, and the detection was carried out using a UV detector at 285nm. The linearity range for pantoprazole and rabeprazole were 0.05-10 μg.ml-1, 0.05-17μg.ml-1 respectively. LOD (0.025and0.015 µg. mL-1), LOQ (0.075 and 0.045 µg. mL-1) for pantoprazole in ZIC-HILIC1 and ZIC-HILIC4 respectively, LOD (0.008 and0.006 µg. mL-1), LOQ (0.024 and 0.0.018 µg. mL-1) for rabeprazole in ZIC-HILIC1 and ZIC-HILIC4 respectively. The mean percentage recoveries of pantoprazole and rabeprazole were found to be (98.60%-99.83%) and (98.50%-101.00%) respectively. This method has been used effectively to determine the pantoprazole and rabeprazole contents in pharmaceutical preparations.

ABSTRACT. This survey paper collects all related papers published in journals and conferences about Digital Forensic and AI, the primary goal of Digital Forensic to preserve evidence that is authentic form by identifying; collecting; analyzing and evaluating digital data in order to reconstruct past acts. Digital image forgery detection is used in a variety of applications related to media, publishing, law, military, medical image science applications, satellite images, and WWW publications.

ABSTRACT. This work is subjected to design and implementation of pulse width modulated speed controller for PMDC (permanent magnet direct current) motor with high feedback gain to improve system robustness and first order filter to overcome the higher gain due to high frequency. For higher power consuming efficiency in the DC Motor technique the Armature voltage control is preferred in this paper for controlling the DC Motor. Designed sensor technique is pulse width modulated frequency with optical coupler. The simulation result is performed after practical aspect is established and controller parameter is tuned using PID controller parameter values tuning by Ziegler-Nichols method. The practical and theoretical load variation and disturbance elimination is examined which yields high stability in very limited variation in trnsient respons prmeers. System shows high robustness and efficient loss in power. Robust control is ensured by this method and the stability is examined hen using neural network sigmoidal function for the designd controller.

ABSTRACT. Electro chemical arc machining a novel hybrid machining processes, have been gained a significant attention in recent years due to combines the benefits of electrochemical and electro discharge machining processes, in addition eliminate their limitations. Electrochemical discharge machining used to machine difficult to machine materials, which plays a vital role in the range of manufacturing activities including ultra-precision machining of extremely delicate components with high material rate and accuracy. This work aim to provide a comprehensive study on ECDM, to clarify the machining mechanism, importance and limitations of the process. The theoretical and experimental studies were conducted, developments achieved in this area have been studied, examine the effective process parameters and their impact on the ECDM efficiency. Furthermore, hielight the advancement made in ECDM process with different optimizing approaches have been shielded and simulation methods.

ABSTRACT. This study's main objective is to investigate how lowering carbon dioxide emissions impacts the temperature of the atmosphere, polluted atmosphere and health problems. This experiment employed a deep eutectic at a level of temperature from 25 to 45 °C and a density of 0-3 mol/L. This deep eutectic included 1-choline chloride–2–urea. Alkanolamines like (MEA) (4 mol/L) and water are used with the deep eutectic to improve absorption. The experimental runs were performed on a laboratory scale using a CO2 analyzer, a water bath, a 50-ml absorber cell, and 10 ml of an aqueous solution (DESs + MEA +). The central composite design (CCD) approach was used to cut down on the quantity of tests required to enhance operational conditions. In experiments on absorption, the combination of DES and alkanolamine can significantly lessen the effect of CO2's low solubility. The observed solubility of CO2 (in terms of CO2 loading) in the solvent as a function of time, temperature, and solution (reline + MEA + H2O) concentration was correctly predicted by the applied modified Design-Expert model. For the binary and ternary systems, respectively, the average percent differences between experimental and expected values (of CO2 absorption rate) are 11.9% and 7.9%. The results of the tests revealed that 45°C, 1.5 mol/L, and 105 minutes of time consumed for absorption were the optimal conditions for creating the greatest absorption rate, with an absorption rate of around 0.0785 mol/kg/min as well as an absorption effectiveness for reline ,MEA, and water) of 91.3%.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, a high-speed adaptive filter for Electrocardiogram (ECG) noise cancellation has been designed and analyzed for various filter structures. A new approach combination of Retimed Delay Least Mean Square (RD-LMS) filter and Retimed Delay Zero Attractor LMS (RDZA-LMS) filter has been designed to cancel out Power line Interference (PLI) noise efficiently with two levels of sparseness. Convex combination architecture is used to combine two different algorithms to be used with sparse and non-sparse environments. Both filters are designed with systolic architecture to increase convergence speed and reduce power consumption. This paper presents a novel idea combining convex and systolic architecture in one design. The proposed filter has been analyzed and compared with conventional adaptive filters in terms of convergence speed, signal-to-noise ratio, steady-state mean square error, power consumption, throughput rate, and complexity. The results show an improvement in overall filter performance as well as reduced power consumption. The proposed adaptive filter was implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

ABSTRACT. Viscous polystyrene resin was prepared by using toluene solvent in different ratios and studying the effect of these ratios on the mechanical properties of the product. To determine the functional groups in the compounds and to know the change of polystyrene when adding toluene solvent, the FTIR spectroscopy test was used. It was observed that there is a significant intensity change of the FTIR’s peaks and a slight change in their locations when the solubility ratios change, and this indicates the occurrence of stress in the site of the bonds, which appears clearly when the solubility ratio (1:2). Analysis of the thermal behaving of the PS/TOL samples, by the DSC method, led to the results that linear curve of insoluble polystyrene (PS) showed the highest glass transition temperature (Tg = 90–97)ºC compared to all other PS/TOL preparations. The DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature Tg values for PS/TOL samples were divided into two chains, the first was related to the linear as an aliphatic, while the second group was describing the vinyl as an aromatic, and the results showed more changes in Tg of these two chains depending on the dissolving ratio. To find out the effect of the solubility ratio on the mechanical properties, both tension, and the shore A hardness tests. The lowest tensile and hardness were observed at the second ratio (1:2), which corresponded with the lowest value of the glass transition temperature, which confirms that this sample has the highest flexibility.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of present this article is to employing the notions of weakly compatible maps and (E.A) property in the setting of D^*- metric spaces to study and verify some certain common fixed point theorems for contraction maps without worrying about ensuring continuity all the way to the points of coincidence, as well the (E.A.) property can be used to acquire range containment for the maps commutativity condition to be as minimal as possible. Some common fixed point theorems in the literature have been generalized and extended in our main results. In addition, we are providing a wide range of practical examples to support our major results.

ABSTRACT. The porous media (PM) is utilized in several industrial applications, including heating exchangers, storage tanks, and air conditioning systems. In previous studies, several researchers dealt with various methods to study the development of the coefficient of heating transfer within the channels for different cross sections including (square, rectangular, triangular, and circular). One of these methods is the use of PM (glass balls, wire mesh, metal foam, and others). This research presents the most important previous studies, including theoretical (numerical simulation) and investigational ones, which are concerned with the exploration of fluid flow (air or water) and heating transfer within channels by enforced convection. Many researchers designed different types of channels and used the full PM, and some of them have focused on the use of the partial PM as a technique to improve the performance of systems and increase their efficiency. The conclusions demonstrated that few researchers utilized nanofluid with PM to get the optimum development in the coefficient of heating transfer and thus increase the Nusselt’s Number. In addition to these recent years, most of the researchers presented in their research papers a study of heat transmission with forced or natural convection. Combined techniques to improve heat transmission factor, including the use of twisted tape with hybrid nanoparticles or having roughness for the internal surface of the channel with the addition of the PM to obtain a high-performance coefficient of systems.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, first we define the fuzzy soft b- metric space and in this space the fuzzy soft convergence sequence, fuzzy soft Cauchy sequence, is defined. In this paper an idea of fuzzy soft point is introduced and using it fuzzy soft b- metric space is established .The concepts like fuzzy soft open balls and fuzzy soft closed balls are introduced. Some properties of fuzzy soft metric b- spaces are developed Also, we defined fuzzy soft continuous mapping, fuzzy soft sequential continuous mapping in fuzzy soft b- metric space and studied the relation between them in this space and a theorem was given showing that the continuity property is achieved with respect to the metric function in the fuzzy soft metric space. This property was also proven, and then an example was given showing that the metric function in the fuzzy soft b- metric space does not achieve the continuity property. Proved the fixed point for fuzzy soft contraction mapping in fuzzy soft b- metric space.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we discuss the action for topological groupoids. In this work, some definitions and propositions are introduced and in addition to the basic construction of groupoid spaces and topological groupoid which are needed in this work. This paper consists of three part , in part one the definitions categories are given ,a groupoids , projection map ,the morphism for groupoids. In part two the research define proper map , α –fiber , β-fiber ,transitor of N , topological group, topological groupoid , a morphism of topological groupoid , tensor product , define kinds of topological groupoids which are source proper groupoid (SC-groupoid, for short ) and source proper group space (SC T –space, for short) given some proposition and remark. In part three we offer some results for groupoid space . The important point of this work is to obtain some results of SC-groupoid and SC T –space can be used in application of algebra topological. At the end of the research ,we got many results written in the form of proposition that are considered an addition in the field of algebraic topology.

ABSTRACT. This paper aims to study the general solution of bounded operator equation A=P^* XP .where P closed range, where X is an arbitrary operator on a Hilbert space H. the investigation leads to demonstrate several theorems that provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions and provide explicit forms for the solutions. The main results include the general the the operator equation's explicit solution, as well as bounded solutions for scenarios where P has a pseudo-inverse operator. The operators pseudo-inverse on Hilbert spaces is used to describe this reaction for linear bounded operators. The general explicit solution of the operator equation is one of the significant accomplishments.. as well as bounded solutions for cases where P has a pseudo-inverse operator, The authors also provide proofs for each of the theorems.

ABSTRACT. The nano continuous mappings has a wide truth of applications in pure and applied sciences. Therefore, the purpose of present this paper is to study and investigate new types of mappings namely nano para compact, completely nano-regular, nano-para-perfect and countably nano-para-perfect mapping in nano topological spaces by using nano-open-sets. Several properties and basic characterizations related to such as mappings have been introduced which are more important to prove our main results. As well, the relationships among these types of mappings have been discussed in nano Topological spaces. Additionally, the nano topological version of the concepts and results which are studied in this article are very vital. We also introduced the concept of nano-T_i-mapping where i = 0, 1, 2 , nano-neighbourhood separated and nano functionally separated with quite a few other definitions presented, and the relationship between them was studied and discussed with many properties related to it. The nano morphism and consequent properties and relationships were also defined.

ABSTRACT. Introducing approaches for applying innovative error analysis and convergence techniques to the 2^nd-kind fuzzy nonlinear Volterra integral formula. This method is used to examine convergence in the solution of the 2^nd-kind of fuzzy nonlinear Volterra integral formula using the variational iteration method. A problem was also resolved a few numerical instances using our original fuzzy equation. The supplied methods were thoroughly reviewed, and compared them to the currently used ways using the provided illustrative example, which simply then applied to all of the programming in Maple version (22). The basic goal of Variational Iteration is to estimate the2^nd-kind fuzzy Nonliear Volterra integral equation'sof solution by employing an iteration algorithm that uses a lagrange multiplier. It is possible to estimate the lagrange multiplier by using variational theory. The approach is particularly efficient and practical for solving nonliear fuzzy integral equations, as demonstrated by comparison with the exact solution.

ABSTRACT. In this paper concepts were presented of bi-(left centralizer , reverse left centralizer), Jordan bi-(left centralizer, reverse left centralizer) and Jordan triple bi-(left centralizer, reverse left centralizer) and many of the results have been proven, Let ζ be Jordan bi-(left centralizer, reverse left centralizer) of the ring Ɍ then ζ (sβ+βs ,eω+ωe)=(ζ(s),ζ(ω)) (β,e)+(ζ(β),ζ(ω))(s,e)for all s,β,e,ω∈Ɍ,and Let ζ be Jordan bi-(left centralizer, reverse left centralizer) of the ring Ɍ then i)φ(s+β,e+ω)=φ(s,e)+φ(β,ω) ,ii)φ(sβ,eω)=- φ(βs,ωe) for all s,β,e,ω∈Ɍand the main result in this peaper it was proven ,Let ζ be Jordan bi-(centralizer, reverse centralizer) of the ring Ɍ then φ (sβ,eω)(m,r)[(s,e)(β,ω) ,(β,ω)(s,e)]=0 for all s,β,e,ω∈Ɍand Let ζ be Jordan bi-(centralizer,revers centralizer)of the ring Ɍ then φ (sβ,eω)(m,r)[(x,y)(z,t),( z,t)(x,y)]=0 for all,β,e,ω,x,y,z,t∈Ɍ. and it has been proven every Jordan bi-(left centralizer , reverse left centralizer) of Ɍ is bi-(left centralizer, left reverse centralizer) of Ɍ and Every Jordan bi-(left centralizer , reverse left centralizer) of Ɍ is Jordan triple bi-(left centralizer, left reverse centralizer)of Ɍ .

ABSTRACT. We live in an age in which architecture reflects the spirit of its era within the framework of the classic trilogy (utility, durability and beauty). Of these factors, durability occupies the most prominent aspect of structures. studies indicate that architecture is heading towards a new revolution represented by the revolution of intelligence. In this context, the research aimed to study smart architecture, its aspects, and its reflection in architecture to focus on the structures, specifically the wide-span structures. In dealing with its general theme represented by the elements of smart architecture and its reflection in the structures, the study analyzed several studies to extract the fundamental indicators on the subject, which will be invested and employed in the subsequent procedural steps to achieve the goal of the study. And then, the studies moved to discuss the specific topic represented by the functional flexibility of the long-span structures, describing the latter as the most prominent and crucial reflection in achieving distinctive structural patterns of architecture. In this context, the study proceeded to discuss the aspects related to the subject and then analyze several specialized studies to achieve the extraction of essential indicators on the subject, which can enhance the cognitive presentation of the study. To move the research to the analysis of studies on the topic. The research concludes by defining the cognitive problem. To achieve the research goal, the study proceeded with several procedural steps represented by enhancing the knowledge presented on the subject by developing a theoretical framework by investing indicators extracted from specialized studies in the previous chapters. The second procedural step was to apply the theoretical framework extracted on the subject to several projects selected according to criteria that enhance the cognitive presentation in the study. To be the third and final procedural step represented by drawing out the main and detailed conclusions and results on the subject.

ABSTRACT. This work reports the synthesis and characterization of highly oriented nanostructured Co3O4 thin films by chemical spray pyrolysis using an aqueous CoCl2 solution. The effects of film thickness on the morphological, structural, electrical and optical properties of the films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all films exhibited a polycrystalline cubic phase structure with a preferential orientation of the (111) direction. The crystallite size increased from 10.8 nm to about 14.8 nm with increasing film thickness from 205 nm to about 439 nm, but no significant change in crystal lattice constant was observed. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDS) confirmed the composition of the films and AFM analysis showed that the surface roughness decreased from 8.7 nm to about 3.5 nm with increasing film thickness. The films exhibited two absorption edges, with the energy gap decreasing from 2.1 eV to 1.9 eV and from 1.49 eV to 1.47 eV with increasing film thickness. Thicker films showed better crystallinity quality and electrical properties compared to thinner films. The study suggests that highly oriented thin films can be used in various optoelectronic applications.

ABSTRACT. Cyberbullying has become a widespread phenomenon and one of the most important problems social media users face. It negatively affects the community and the victim, so finding appropriate solutions to detect and reduce cyberbullying is necessary. In this research, two Arabic datasets were used to classify and detect cyberbullying, the Arabic dataset on cyberbullying and the Arabic dataset on cyberbullying/offensive. Several pre-processing operations were used to clean up the datasets, and then to include the words, GloVe (Global Vectors) and Fasttest with different pre-trained set dimensions were used. Six sequence models were used, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), Gated Repetitive Units (GRU), Bidirectional GRU (BiGRU), and Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN). The best-achieved accuracy for the Arabic cyberbullying data set is 87.83% with a rating of 256D and GRU; The Arab cyberbullying/attack rate was 86.87% with a 300D and GRU classifier.

ABSTRACT. This research has found that the improvements in the wear rate and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites can be made by the fabrication of Al/SiCn composites and Al/SiCn/Grµ hybrid composite prepared by using powder metallurgy technique. Also, this study has revealed the influence of composite and hybrid composite on the mechanical and tribological characteristics, such as, wear, hardness and compressive strength. This work includes the selection of different contents (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 vf.%) of SiCn particles with the addition of Grµ maintained constant and equal to 3 vf.% throughout the experiment. Several combinations of Al/SiCn and Al/SiC/Gr powders were cold pressed into compacts, and following sintering, the results of the SiC content on the density and porosity were studied. The resultant hybrid composites were investigated. The results manifested that compared to pure Al matrix and composite, the hybrid composites have better wear characteristics. Moreover, microstructural analysis was performed to evaluate the particle dispersion in the hybrid composite. The measure of microhardness value of 185.5 HV was evinced by reinforcing with Al+8%SiC+3%Gr, and the improvement in the most significant compression strength value 154.6 MPa was in the Al+6%SiC.

ABSTRACT. In this work, by using the new operator that we obtained through The Hadmard or convolution product of the for Srivastava-Atiya and Amora- Darus, we showed new results where in the first section some differential subordination results of the third degree, which include the operator DH_(σ,δ,c,λ)^(η,μ) (∝,β)f(w) , which is Obtaining the dependency also studying the class of accepted functions involving the subordination derivative and the Srivastava operator which are grouped in the complex plane in the second part the third differential degree of the de operator DH_(σ,δ,c,λ)^(η,μ) (∝,β)f(w) is obtained and several theorems are proved to find the Best Subordinate, and we reached many results in this regard, but in the last part of the research, some theories of the sandwich type were discussed and obtaining the best dominant and the best subordinate. Maintains its jeometric functions If some restrictions are placed on functions belonging to properties of subclasses, new results can be obtained inside the unit disk.

ABSTRACT. A Fibrewise micro- topological space be one whose topology be determined via a group of fiber bundles. In comparison, in a typical topological space, the topology be specified via a single set. The power of fibrewise micro- topological spaces resides in their ability to describe a broad range of mathematical objects be used to describe the topology of a manifold or the topology of a group. Fibrewise micro- topological spaces have numerous uses in mathematic be used to investigate the geometry of a space or the structure of a group. Fibrewise micro- topological spaces are also simple to manipulate and have numerous mathematical uses. In this essay, we will define fibrewise micro- topological spaces, explain why they are useful in mathematics, and explore some of their applications, and we'll explore what it is and what it entails. This complex structure of topology is a recent development in mathematics that involves studying objects with “fibre”. This study focuses on construct and investigate novel ideas from fibrewise micro-topological spaces over ℬ, namely fibrewise micro-topological spaces over ℬ. Additionally, we present the ideas from fibrewise micro-closed and micro-open from micro-topological spaces over ℬ, as well as say and demonstrate various Propositions related to these notions.

ABSTRACT. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as a promising technology for various applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to industrial automation. WSNs consist of small, low-cost sensors that collect and transmit data wirelessly to a central node or base station. The data collected from WSNs can be used to monitor and control various physical phenomena such as temperature, humidity, and light. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research in wireless sensor networks, including sensor design, network architecture, routing protocols, energy management. In particular, we focus on the challenges associated with WSNs, such as limited resources used the Zigbee routing protocol, which is known for its low energy usage and good throughput. We used the backpropagation supervised multi-layer neural network to achieve high prediction accuracy, employing three theories of backpropagation: Scale conjugation, Bayesian regularization, and Levenberg Marquardt. The results presented in this paper show the performance of three different methods: scale conjugation, Bayesian regularization, and Levenberg Marquardt. These methods were evaluated based on their accuracy in achieving a particular task, and the results were presented as percentage scores. The highest score was achieved by Bayesian regularization with a score of 99.73%, while scale conjugation achieved a score of 98.96%. The Levenberg Marquardt method achieved a slightly lower score of 98.10%. These results suggest that Bayesian regularization is the most accurate method for the task at hand, while scale conjugation and Levenberg Marquardt are also effective but with slightly lower levels of accuracy.

ABSTRACT. The behavior of human life changes after every crisis it is exposed to, such as the spread of the Corona virus, which led to the reconsideration of the existing buildings that we need to become more flexible and sustainable in the face of current epidemics and other potential epidemics, The architecture of the future is linked to the thought of post-Corona architecture as it bears the dimensions of architecture as a thought to search for the human need and represents the turning point and link to the philosophy of living and safe use, which represents utilitarianism and the fight against solitude. Therefore, the goal of the research was the administrative buildings, which are the workplaces of the person who spends most of his time in order to be safe after a pandemic. Previous studies indicated the importance of improving the quality of the work environment by achieving sustainability in the design of post-Covid-19 offices. The changes that have taken place in the design of safe offices after Covid-19 are aimed at identifying priorities that affect employee healthing by changing the standards of flexibility, spacing and hygiene in the workplace and Preparing a post-Covid-19 office design that is safe and healthy on a physical or physical level, taking care of health and hygiene, innovating and planning the manufacture and distribution of furniture to solve problems and prevent the spread of viruses in the workplace. Also, the idea of the research came to make the architecture algorithm a major part of the solution at the time of crises to give predictions for solutions and design alternatives for multiple offices and provide flexibility for the designer to choose the best that fits with the requirements of the crisis and protects the person from bad behavior. Algorithmic architecture can offer a new thought that protects users and gives a preventive solution, and architecture can fight isolation and social distancing and practice daily activities under the most difficult circumstances. Therefore, the research used the mathematical and analytical method and algorithm training on a set of laws, standards and functional relationships, The results were as plans, the best of them were selected, and the strength of their functional program was analyzed using the space syntax program, and then the strength of applying indicators to those models was measured , By using the algorithmic approach in the thinking process to reach conclusions that contribute to understanding and developing the architectural reality in the time of the epidemic.

ABSTRACT. The abrasion erosion phenomenon in numerous hydraulic constructions may damage hundreds of tons of concrete. Such adverse activity can result in significant maintenance costs and reduce these structures' service life. This phenomenon's primary source is the high-velocity water flow that transports large sediments. Furthermore, to the danger of abrasion erosion, there are other issues, such as the emissions from cement manufacturers that contribute to climate change, global warming, and air pollution. Utilizing waste materials was considered a way to reduce pollution caused by cement production. Geopolymer concrete can be used as a binder instead of Portland cement; geopolymer is made from silica, aluminum, and alkaline activators. Geopolymer technology can reduce global greenhouse emissions created by conventional Portland cement manufacture. An experimental analysis was carried out to investigate the underwater frictional abrasion of geopolymer concrete GPC using the ASTM C1138 test method to understand concrete abrasion in hydraulic structures better. The abrasion test was performed at ages 3, 7, and 28 days for grade 30 MPa of both geopolymer and conventional concrete. The test results showed that the geopolymer concrete achieved its maximum strength early. Geopolymer concrete demonstrated higher abrasion resistance in all three ages than conventional concrete.

ABSTRACT. Topic modeling plays a crucial role in the field of natural language processing (NLP) by revealing underlying themes within a collection of documents. The emergence of pre-trained language models like BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and SBERT (Sentence-BERT) has generated significant interest in exploring their potential for topic modeling. This comprehensive review aims to thoroughly analyze recent research efforts investigating the integration of BERT and SBERT pre-trained language models into topic modeling approaches, providing a meticulous examination of the subject matter. The review diligently examines the advancements, challenges, and practical applications that arise from combining BERT and SBERT models with topic modeling techniques. It also delves into the evaluation metrics, datasets, and resources employed in these studies. The findings derived from this review enhance our understanding of the current landscape of topic modeling using BERT and SBERT models, while also providing valuable insights into prospective avenues for future research in this field.

ABSTRACT. Importantly, how long hydraulic structures last is greatly affected by the concrete surface resistance to mechanical wear. The term "hydro-abrasion" is utilized for describing how the concrete surface deteriorates over time due to the constant loss of surface material caused by water-dragged particles. Although to varying degrees of severity, this type of accumulated concrete surface degradation is present in almost all hydraulic systems. Generally speaking, this hydro-abrasive concrete wear shortens the lifespan of the hydraulic structure, and due to the necessary maintenance, the costs of closing the facility for repairs rises. The numerical simulation was carried out in accordance with ASTM C 1138 standard. After achieving excellent agreement with experiments, the three key variables that were evaluated in parametric study were the testing time, the density of the concrete, and the speed of the water. The erosion rate was modeled using ANSYS 19.0. The optimal flow velocity, which had the lowest erosion rate, was at 1200 rpm, according to the directed numerical simulation. The results also revealed that when the density and testing time rose, the erosion rate significantly increased.

ABSTRACT. Fingerprint classification relies heavily on biometric classification, especially during the identification phase. Indeed, when working with massive databases, biometric recognition systems must minimize the number of comparisons they perform. This is the goal of fingerprint classification, which involves sorting fingerprints into several groups. Deep Learning represents the cutting edge of AI research, with promising applications in fields as diverse as image processing. This study compares the accuracy and efficiency of three different deep learning models—AlexNet, LetNet, and VGG-16 models Additionally, Fingerprint-Net, a new proposed model. All four models relied on the same fingerprint photos (4,200 for training and 1,800 for testing) compiled in a single dataset (SOCOfing). Also, this resach present the first study to compare the most popular CNN designs comprehensively. By comparing the experimental findings of the suggested model, Fingerprint-Net, to those of AlexNet, LetNet, and VGG-16, it is found that it attained higher accuracy. The experimental results show that, because of the superior quality of its samples, all of the investigated CNN architectures performed well when classifying data from the SOCOfing database at an impressive 99.28 percent accuracy.

ABSTRACT. The residential environment, as a concept, represents the place that contains people with their various needs, noting that these needs are not fixed, but rather change and transform over different times. Previously, there was a need for functional separation as a result of the advent of the machine, then those needs changed as a result of the negative aspects generated such as the increase in crime and the loss of vitality, so the concept of mixed use appeared, which aims mainly to achieve vitality by creating a dynamism of the context through functional diversity. Despite the positiveness of that in various studies, most of the residents view it as a negative concept as a result of the negative effects associated with it. Therefore, the current research aims to explore the different reasons that led to this contradiction between the literature and the opinions of residents, as it was found that the developments that occurred on the concept led to the separation of its theoretical goals from its practical application, causing a negative functional interference which led to negative chaos represented by illegal encroachments, noise, and other effects; despite the fact that there were some positive impacts like revitalizing areas and creating a new concept known as functional plurality, which mixed use was found to be part of it.

ABSTRACT. Social media platforms provide an open forum for people to express their opinions about products, services, and brands. Sentiment analysis can help businesses and organizations monitor their brand reputation in real-time. Recent research has shown that deep learning models are effective at a number of jobs related to Sentiment Analysis (SA). Typically, The fully connected layer is used for feature extraction, and a layer is used to perform classification tasks. This study used a deep learning architecture that uses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for feature extraction and machine learning techniques. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Xgboost, Random Forest, Decision Tree, KNN, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes are employed for Arabic Sentiment Analysis in order to classify the Arabic reviews. In addition, an ensemble model was proposed that uses the seven machine learning techniques by voting, and the multilingual BERT was used for sentiment analysis. Six publicly accessible datasets were used to test the suggested technique, and it shows the superiority of BERT over other models

ABSTRACT. The primary purpose of this paper is to work out a new action of Lie group through dual representation. In our paper we are mention the basic definitions, dual representation of Lie group, Hom-space of Lie Algebra , Hom-space of Lie group , direct sum , tensor product, action of Lie group. And also we'll discuss the study of activity for Lie group upon Hom- space and we explain the utilizing equivalence relationship between tensor product and Hom- space. On the other hand, their measures will be studied on a structures consisting of four and five vector spaces via double representation for (QTA) and (PTA) of Lie group . So we will have a new T-action, which called double T- action of Lie group . In the end of our work, we obtain a new generalization using action of dual representation for Lie group Ǥ .

ABSTRACT. This study aims to investigate the effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and porous medium on the inner channel walls, as well as surface roughness analysis for the peristaltic flow of Jeffery fluid through a non-uniform inclined channel. The problem is formulated using the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations in a Cartesian system. To simplify the calculations, a lubrication approach is employed for exact solutions. The study examines the effects of various parameters, including surface roughness, Hartman number, Jeffery parameter, permeability parameter, and others, on flow velocity, wall temperature, surface uniform temperature, pressure rise, and streamline patterns. The outcomes show that the impact of the Hartman number and permeability parameter cannot be disregarded in the peristaltic transport of fluid with surface roughness. This analysis represents a step forward in exploring the various effects on flow models when surface roughness is taken into account.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. Volterra integral equations (VIE) of the second kind is solved. Although numerous numerical methods have been developed to solve Volterra integral equations, the search for reasonably stable, fast and accurate algorithms to solve these equations remains challenged. Due to the fact that evolutionary optimization algorithms are utilizing to optimize a mathematical problem by iteratively improving approximate solutions considering a given criterion of quality, there has been a recent rise in interest in adapting these methods to solve Volterra integral equations. In this work, Volterra integral equations have been converted to unconstrained optimization problems to find their approximate solutions. In addition, an algorithm is presented, which is a combination of cultural algorithm(CA) and padé expansion. This algorithm can obtain an approximate solution to the VIE by minimizing the fitness function value. The fitness function is calculated using the discrete least squares weighted function. The proposed algorithm is applied to solve linear and nonlinear VIE. According to the results, it can be concluded that convergence, stability, and accuracy are promising

ABSTRACT. We introduce a new iterative algorithms for maximal monotone(m.m)operators with appropriate regularization parameters,and define new mappings as a generalized of Reich mappings .Also,we prove weak-strong convergence results for a common element in the set of all fixed points of a K - strictly pseudocontractive mapping,as well as the solution sets of zero of m.m.mapping and o-inverse s-monotone mapping in Hilbert space

ABSTRACT. Coupled and common fixed point theorems for two pairs of self maps which are satisfying contractive conditions of integral kind in the setting of D^*-metric spaces expressed the most major role to many fields both in pure and applied sciences such as biology, physics and computer sciences. The main target of this article is to present and investigate a number of practical applications for two pairs of self maps which are satisfying contractive confessions of integral type in the setting of D^*-metric spaces. In the process, various coupled and common fixed point results in such spaces have been obtained. In addition, appropriate examples have been illustrated to support our main results of practical applications in setting of D^*-metric spaces. We hope that our results in this paper will be useful for the future study on generalized metric spaces to carry out general framework for the practical applications.

ABSTRACT. This study investigates natural convection in a converging channel formed by two parallel plates under laminar flow conditions at steady state. The Rayleigh number is varied between 102 and 105. The combined numerical and experimental approach is used to analyze the temperature distribution, velocity profiles, and heat transfer rate for different channel geometries. The numerical simulations are performed using a finite volume method while the experimental study is conducted in a test rig with a transparent channel. The results reveal that the flow and heat transfer characteristics are significantly affected by the channel geometry and Rayleigh number. A good agreement between the experimental and numerical results is observed. The present work provides a valuable insight into the complex flow behavior of natural convection in converging channels.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we introduce a new iterative scheme for three steps to approximate a random fixed point of multivalued qusi-nonexpansive mappings in a uniformly convex real Banach space and establish strong and weak convergence theorems for the proposed process. Our results extend important results by iterative scheme for one stepto prove a strong converge and weak converge to common random fixed point for two multivalued nonexpansive mappings in a uniformly convex real separableBanach space also put open problem in this papers under condtions by multivalued random operators in other spaces.

ABSTRACT. In complete metric space (£,ρ), we use the concept of cyclic representation regarding mappings satisfying general weak conditions including an altering distance function. The current article aims is to find common fixed points in two cases. The first one for pair of cyclic mappings (f,S) is weakly compatible on £. Let the pair of cyclic mappings (f,S) be weakly compatible on £ satisfies ∅(ρ(Se,fd))≤∅(M(e,d))-ψ(N(e,d)), ∀ e∈£_i,d∈£_(i+1) M(e,d)=q max{ρ(e,d),ρ(e,Se),ρ(d,fd),ρ(e,fd),ρ(d,Se)} N(e,d)=q min{ρ(e,d),ρ(e,Se),ρ(d,fd),ρ(e,fd),ρ(d,Se)},q∈(0,1). And the second for pairs of cyclic mappings (T,L) and (G,f)be weakly compatible on £ satisfies ∅(ρ(Te,Gd))≤∅(M(e,d))-ψ(N(e,d)) ∀ e∈£_i,d∈£_(i+1) where M(e,d)=q max{ρ(Le,fd),ρ(Le,Te),ρ(fd,Gd),ρ(Le,Gd),ρ(fd,Te)} and N(e,d)=q min{ρ(Le,fd),ρ(Le,Te),ρ(fd,Gd),ρ(Le,Gd),ρ(fd,Te)}, where ψ,∅:[0,∞)→[0,∞) are altering distance functions, q∈(0,1). Furthermore, an example is presented to analyze and illustrate the main result. Also, an application of our results, about the existence and uniqueness solution of an integral equation. Consider the integral equation [26-27] w(t)=∫_0^J▒〖Q(t,s)T(s,w(s))〗 ds, for all t∈[0,J], where J>0, T:[0,J]×R→R and Q:[0,J]×[0,J]→[0,∞) are continuous functions, is showed with respect to some suitable conditions.

ABSTRACT. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, an adoption is needed for the network to satisfy the requirement of the new situation, which forces people to work at home, meeting on video conference and using e-learning study. Besides, increasing the demands of other technologies like smart city, IoT, and simulation tools. One of the most affected net-works by the described situation is the campus networks. Fortunately, a powerful and flexible network model is standardized nowadays, called Software Defined Network (SDN). SDN abilities can significantly improve the performance of campus networks. Therefore, a lot of papers focused on how to enhance the campus networks based on SDN technology. This article highlights the importance of the campus network in providing high-speed, reliable, and secure network access to students, faculty, and staff. The article also discusses the implementation of Software Defined Networking (SDN) as a promising solution to enhance the performance and security of campus networks. This survey enables the authors to have the latest knowledge to start with the research of SDN based campus networks. Moreover, this survey aims to summarize the existing literature on the topic and provide a classification to help researchers focus their efforts in a specific direction.

ABSTRACT. Recognizing handwritten Arabic numbers is a challenging research topic. Impulsive by this research topic proposed two convolutional neural networks for recognizing handwritten Arabic numerals. We have investigated two proposed models with different filter sizes. The Arabic Number dataset that Kaggle exported was used to train MADBase. The simplest proposed model outperformed the more complex models with more reassuring accuracy, achieving 99.92% recognition accuracy.

ABSTRACT. SDN is a cutting-edge networking technique that enables centralized control and administration of network resources and traffic. It offers many uses and benefits, especially in extensive, complicated networks like data centers and business networks. However, creating and administering an SDN involves technical difficulties and issues. Furthermore, there are several upcoming SDN trends and applications, such as using SDN for traffic steering in 5G networks and integrating SDN with artificial intelligence and machine learning. This article examines the integration of SDN with applications, services, SFC, data centers, AI, and ML, as well as the difficulties, possibilities, and significant research objectives. This study attempts to offer a complete assessment of the current research status in SDN, stressing the areas that require more exploration to fully realize SDN's promise in actual networks.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, the captive domination number of graphs constructed by delete vertex(an edge) and addition or contraction of an edge are introduced. Many properties, remarks, theorems are proved with illustration examples.

ABSTRACT. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a non-conventional method of machining that is widely used in various industries. It operates by eroding material from a workpiece through the use of electrical discharges. Composite electrodes, which are made by combining different metals, have become increasingly popular due to their excellent electrical and thermal properties. This study focuses on the design and manufacture of a composite electrode comprising (Cu-1%Cr-0.5%WC-1%Ag), and compares it to a conventional copper electrode when used with stainless steel 304L as a workpiece. The results of the study indicate that composite electrodes can potentially enhance machining efficiency, decrease electrode wear to 0.095 obtained when current of (10 A), pulse on (150 µs) and pulse off (50 µs) compared to 0.514 at current of (10 A), pulse on (50 µs) and pulse off (50 µs) for copper electrodes, and improve the surface roughness of the workpiece to 3.747 μm when current of (30 A), pulse on (50 µs) and pulse off (75 µs) compared to 3.967 μm at current of (30 A), pulse on (50 µs) and pulse off (75 µs) for copper electrodes, thereby providing a promising alternative to conventional EDM electrodes.

ABSTRACT. The coumarin compound was reacted to formed new chalcones derivatives, in which the ketone is reacted with a substituted aldehyde in an alkaline medium to give the chalcone The synthesized chalcones were investigated by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopy, and using the tube dilution method, there in vitro antimicrobial ability against a variety of pathogenic microbial strains was verified. Antioxidant activity for new chalcone was determined by the 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. By testing chalcone derivatives as antimicrobial, it was found that they gave a greater effect on gram (-) bacteria and large inhibition area than in gram (+) bacteria, as well as on fungi, especially in compound H6, as a result of the presence of the hydroxyl group that affects the bacterial cell wall, which in Gram-negative bacteria have a different cell wall structure than Gram-positive bacteria, have thin membrane and this enhance absorption compound into the cell membrane. Which could explain why Gram-negative bacteria are more antibiotic-resistant. And the Scavenging test for DPPH demonstrated that new chalcone have antioxidant activity increased with increasing the concentrations of new chalcone was showed antioxidant activity.

ABSTRACT. The polymeric materials such as (PMMA) are suitable for dental applications despite having some good features. The main drawbacks of it, however, are its low impact and fracture strength. To solve these issues, numerous studies had been conducted. In order to study the behavior of this bio composite using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), hazelnut and almond shell powder was added in different weight fractions of about (3, 6, 9 and 12 wt.%) at particle size of about (53µm) to (heat-cure) PMMA that is commonly used in denture base applications. The outcomes were as follows: the FTIR data showed that there were no new peaks formed following the reinforcement with pistachio shell powder. None of these peaks also underwent any displacement. When the weight fraction of hazelnut and almond shell powder increased, the DSC test revealed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased. The composite specimen reinforced with 6% hazelnut shell powder had a Tg of 117°C, which was the highest value recorded. Additionally, 117 °C was recorded for the almond shell powder at 9%.

ABSTRACT. One of the types of the problems in approximation theory which need studied is best simultaneous approximation problem for bounded functions in k-normed space . This type of problem arises naturally in the problem of functions approximation in functional spaces as be metric space, normed space and inner product space. The main aim of this work is finding the of best simultaneous approximation function of bounded functions in terms 2-normed space , determination its a unique . Also finding new relationship between two basic concepts of functions approximation. The purpose of suggested in this work presented concept proximinal best simultaneous approximation, proven the continuous of operator best simultaneous approximation in two-normed spaces and we find best simultaneous approximation of bounded function by using linear operators in two- normed space.

ABSTRACT. Residential projects are the most important basic components of cities, as they witness rapid economic, social, environmental and health growth. The reason is due to the increase in the number of residents within urban areas and the attempt to expand towards the periphery. As a result, intervention strategies have been developed to develop attractive housing values, including sustainable values, to ensure their sustainability. The research starts from the need for projects Residential housing with sustainable, attractive, flexible values that are subject to intervention and development through the study of the Narjis housing project in the city of Basra - Iraq. The research aims to formulate an intervention mechanism that supports attractive sustainable values through the development of a multi-level theoretical framework based on the mechanisms of the intervention strategy to develop values and increase their strength over time. The study focuses It aims to provide comprehensive knowledge about the relationship between sustainable values and the mechanisms of their development in the context of the residential landscape. Then it answers the research question about the nature of the relationship between the mechanisms of intervention strategy and housing stability through morphological analysis. The research used the analysis method through the (ArcView) program to measure indicators through a network The main axes of the selected residential project and its relationship with the neighborhood and the mother city in order to achieve attractive sustainable values and analyze them through the overlay of indicators (communication, integration and control at the level of the part of the residential project and the whole relationship of the project with the mother city) in addition to using analysis to find out the attractive values of the residents of contemporary residential projects and analyze them. Down to the conclusions that can be used for contemporary and future projects or through other samples.

ABSTRACT. DMAIC is a methodology for analyzing the process and understanding the main cause of the problem experienced by the company or industry in order to reduce or eliminate defects to provide the best product or service. DMAIC which is an acronym for five phases are; Design, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and control. In this research literature survey is conducted for different manufacturing systems for years 2014 up to 2022.Therfore, differentiating the DMAIC usage according to manufacturing system type, also their targeted objectives, relative tools used are reported. Findings revealed that DMAIC is applicable worldwide for most types of manufacturing systems. But most of researches targeted towards developing batch production systems regardless the type of product of (34.6%) share. Whereas, continuous manufacturing system occupies (27 %) of researchers’ interest is directed toward Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) share is (23%). Both Job shop and cellular manufacturing systems type share equal interest of (7.7%).Findings also indications the usage of two or more tools throughout application is required to complete application. The most common tool used is cause and effect, as well as value stream mapping. Conclusions stated that the main challenges of DMAIC application are; insufficient knowledge of DMAIC methodology, difficulties in determining operations’ specifications and complexity lack of awareness, also inadequate communication between team members.

ABSTRACT. In this research application of DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) methodology provides a structured approach to solve production problems. VSM-DMAIC integrated model is applied using VISIO 2010 program to address production problems in general company for the automotive industry, Babylon /Iraqi/ in cars’ assembly line model Saipa as a case stud since this company suffers from high rework and, long processing time that result in decrease in productivity. Value added (VA) and, Non Value Added ( NVA) activities are identified to improve production efficiency and reduce lead time. process development is presented in this research where work stations are integrated and merged without changing the process technology .This improvement resulted an increase of production line efficiency from 74% to 80%, and idle time from 26% to 20%, thus decreasing cycle time. Proposed developments could provide additional free space on the shop floor for transportation and worker movements, thus increasing personnel safety.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to explore the design and manufacturing of tools for the multi-stage deep drawing process of pentagonal shapes, focusing on reducing defects such as thinning, thickening, and tearing. Two forming techniques were investigated: the direct method, which involves drawing a circular blank into a pentagonal shape in the first stage, followed by two redrawing stages to refine the shape, and the converted method, which involves converting a cylindrical cup into a pentagonal shape over three stages. The multi-stage deep drawing process was used to produce a pentagonal shape with a height of 51 mm and a diameter of 29.1 mm from a flat circular blank of low carbon steel with a thickness of 0.7mm. To conduct the numerical analysis, the finite element model workbench 20 was utilized. The findings of the study showed that the direct method required a higher drawing load than the converted method, and the converted method was capable of producing a fully formed pentagonal shape without any defects in the three-stage process. Therefore, the converted method was deemed more effective in producing high-quality pentagonal shapes.

ABSTRACT. The use of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle is a critical strategy for continuous quality improvement in industrial factories. This paper presents a case study of the use of PDCA to improve the flannel production line at Wasit Textile and Knitting Factory. In 2021, the productivity of the raw material was 77.6%, while the amount of waste was 23.4%. By analyzing the data using Pareto and Fishbone diagrams, the main causes of low productivity and increased waste were identified. These were: Poor quality of raw materials, inefficient machine operation, Lack of training for operators. A plan for improvement was developed using the PDCA cycle and based on the principles of ISO 14001 and Lean manufacturing. The plan included the following steps: Plan: Identify the root causes of the problems. Do: Implement the improvement plan. Check: Monitor the results and make adjustments as needed. Act: Standardize the new processes and procedures. As a result of the improvement plan, the productivity of the raw material was increased to 90% and the amount of waste was reduced to 8%. This resulted in a significant improvement in the factory's environmental performance. This paper will discuss the following: The use of PDCA to improve the flannel production line at Wasit Textile and Knitting Factory. The results of the improvement plan, including the increase in productivity and the reduction in waste. The implications of the case study for other industrial factories. This paper contributes to the literature on the use of PDCA for continuous quality improvement in industrial factories. The paper provides a case study that demonstrates the effectiveness of PDCA in improving productivity and reducing waste. The paper also discusses the implications of the case study for other industrial factories.

ABSTRACT. In the current competitive environment and globalization, every organization pursues continuously to improve thier performance to ensure stay compete with their global rivals and satisfy the high changing needs of customer throught using an efficient production system like Lean manufacturing is an efficient and powerful system that lead to improve quality, efficiency, productivity, and reduces costs of any organization by elimination all types of waste. Assessment the current lean performance is an important process for any organization through their lean journey to continously improve their performance .Distance -beased Methods F-TOPSIS and F- VIKOR are considered an effeient methods of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM )methods to assess the current lean performance. One of the reasons to fail the lean program's implementation is the lack of a clear understanding about what are lean performance and its evaluation. Lean level assessment can be considered a guide for the organization through their lean journey to manage ,control and improve their performances. Today, FMCDM can be considered the most efficient methods that can used to solve problems in case incomplete and vagues one of these problems is lean performance assessment to identify if the enterprise is far or near from the ideal implementation of the lean philospophy. F-TOPSIS and F-VIKOR is a ranking and distance-based method that can be considered an efficient assessment methods that could help enterprises to assess the current lean level to help them to improve their performance if they need where they need. This review paper will highlight the importance of F-TOPSIS and F-VIKOR as distance based methods for assessing the current lean leve with presenting papers that addressed lean level assessment using distance based methods. Fuzzy TOPSIS method has taken interest by researchers than fuzzy VIKOR that has ignored in lean performance assessment.

ABSTRACT. The principle goal here is to introduced another type of metric space known as convex metric space then some examples are introduced to show the existences of such space. The second goal is to present the notion of the convex absolute value space then some examples are introduced to show the existences of such space after that basic properties of this space is presented and proved. Moreover important concepts and properties of convex metric space is introduced after proving it such as the convex metric is a c-continuous function also every convex metric space is a metric space and we give an example to show that the converse of this theorem is not true in general. Another result is proved here that every convex metric space is a topological space. To construct more convex metric spaces here we proved that the cross product of finite number of convex metric space is again a convex metric space.

ABSTRACT. Let G be a graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G), and let du P denote the degree of the vertex u ∈ V (G). In this study, the sumـgraph of aـgroup G_+ (Z_n ) is defined as a finite group of order (p^n ), where p is a prime number, n is an integer. . The vertices of the graph represent the members of (Z_n), such that an edge exists between theـtwo nodes x and y if and only if O(x)+O(y)>O(Z_n) denoted by G_+ (Z_n), where the order of a finite group G denoted by O(G) , and the order of a an element x ∈G denoted by O(x). For precise values of one can locate some standard topological indices as a particular instance of this index. The generalized inverse sum indge index of G is defined as 〖ISI〗_((γ,μ) ) (G)=∑_(i∼j)▒  (d_i d_j )^γ (d_i+d_j )^μ, where γ,μ∈R.In this paper, we investigate the relationships between 〖ISI〗_((γ,μ) )G's generalized inverse sum indge index and several topological indices like the First Zagreb index, M1(G), the Second Zagreb index, M2(G), Inverse sum indge index, ISI(G), Re-defined Third Zagreb Index ReZG3(G)) of a graph G, Inverse sum indge index, ISI-1,1(G), Harmonic index, H(G), GeometricـArithmetic Mean index, GA(G), Generalized Randic's index, RΩ (G), and General sumـconnectivity index, χλ (G).

ABSTRACT. The research is concerned with the concept of underground architecture, which is not a new, the concept is deeply rooted throughout history and has later become a popular construction method in countries characterized by development and progress. It can be considered the best alternative solution to many contemporary urban problems in urban centers and cities of historical importance. Since the underground construction method has become a popular building pattern since the twentieth century and beyond, many studies have emerged that seek to integrate underground buildings at all levels. Therefore, the research will introduce underground architecture and the most prominent types that have emerged during history while addressing the most prominent reasons and justifications that led to the use of this type of construction with the most prominent functions and uses that underground architecture has covered throughout history up to modern times is. Therefore, the problem of research is the cognitive need to demonstrate the role of underground architecture in solving the problem of land shortages in overcrowded city centers and cities of historical significance, including the objective of research to demonstrate that underground construction does not affect the urban landscape of the city and does not compete with the value of the existing inheritance, but rather enhances its existence and addresses the urgent need for expansion and the addition of spaces. With the existence of an underground building, there is a need to establish new and effective connections between the above and under-ground environments in order to make the underground architecture contribute positively to its environment above the ground, thus maintaining the quality of life at both levels. The main point of the research is that with the development of technology it is possible to build a larger and deeper underground facility that does not affect existing structures on the site and does not cause destabilization or damage to their efficiency and value, which in turn has provided opportunities for different uses and more design and planning capabilities.

ABSTRACT. This paper gives some interesting identities for the Certain Chebyshev Basis Functions (CCBFs). A novel explicit formula representing the derivatives of CCBFs for any degree in terms of CCBFs is formulated. Other important properties concerning the CCBFs are also constructed in this work. Then new efficient algorithm based on the obtained matrix of derivative to determine an approximate solution for optimal control problems is presented. The aim of the proposed numerical technique is based on approximating the state variable using CCBFs with unknown coefficients to reduce the original optimal problem to an optimization one. Then both the cost function and the constraint equations are reduced to algebraic equations. Thus, an optimal control problem is transformed to an optimization scheme. The high accuracy of our obtained results is illustrated with some numerical tests.

ABSTRACT. In this article we present a new class of generalized lifting modules which is named a generalized Radg-lifting modules. This class of modules consider as proper generalization of Radg-lifting modules. This modules termed by G-Radg-lifting. in this work which defined as, a module ℵ is named G-Radg-lifting if for every submodule Υ of ℵ with Radg(ℵ)⊆Υ, there exists a decomposition ℵ=G⨁β such that G≤Υ and Υ∩β⊆Radg(β). So, a ring R is named G-Radg-lifting if it is a G-Radg-lifting as R-module. We determined it is structure. Several characterizations, properties, and instances are described of these modules. We provide some important counter examples to separate G-Radg-lifting property of modules with some other kinds of modules. Later we discuss the connection between G-Radg-lifting and other modules and give some conditions to get the equivalent among them. In this work all rings are associative with identity and all modules are left unitary.

ABSTRACT. Old pavement waste was recycled and used in the development of new highways, which is a step that is advantageous from an economic standpoint perspective as well as from an environmental and health one... Due to the cost of full-depth asphalt pavement using RAP as waste material, it gives high-performance characteristics and reduces cost. This study aims to evaluate stability and indirect tensile strength effects of RAP material layers in a full-depth asphalt pavement construction. Determine the ideal percentage that can be increased by RAP. 20% %30,%40, It has been noted that adding RAP at the best rate of 30% to asphalt the mixture results in an improvement in layer strength from (9.5-11)KN for the binder and a 48% increase in Marshall stability in wearing a coarse, and the flow is reduced from(3.75-3)mm the base layer A significant increase has been observed, Other mix properties are kept within acceptable limits, and the air gaps and the unit weight are both maintained, Utilizing the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) Tests increased by 5% in wearing a coarse for binder layer, the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) is( 96-96.4) the base layer increased by 8% to obtain good results greater, The current study has chosen to employ bitumen (40-50), which is extensively used in Iraq, as the related reference mixture for the Marshall test.

ABSTRACT. By decreasing the conditions of topology by deleting the intersection condition, the concept of supra topology appeared, which shows flexibility in supra to proffer new concepts and study their properties and relationships between them via some examples, which are found below. In our work we merged the connotations of supra b-open and supra ω-open sets to provide the new concepts namely supra ωb-open sets, which give us motivation to provide some topics in this field which are supra ωb-continuous supra ωb*-continuous and supra ωb**-continuous functions and also supra regular ωb-open sets with the relationships between them and give some depictions for each one of them. Also, we define the notion of supra ωb-adherent points and supra ωb-interior points to give the definitions of ωb-closure and ωb-interior of any set to describe their behavior on the supra spaces. Lastly, we call attention to the fact that the concepts and results that have been collected in this work will be considered as a guide to investigate about its correspondents in minimal structures.

ABSTRACT. Fibrewise micro-topological spaces be useful tool in various branches from mathematics. These mathematical objects are constructed via assigning a micro-topology to each fibre from a given fibre bundle. The fibrewise micro-topological space be then formed by taking the direct limit of these individual micro-topological spaces. It can be adapted and used to analyze various mathematical structures, from algebraic geometry to differential equations. In this study, we delve into the generalizations of fibrewise micro-topological spaces and explore the applications of these abstract structures in different branches of mathematics. The aim of this study is to define the fibrewise micro topological space through the generalizations that we use in this paper which are fibrewise micro-Regular, fibrewise micro-pre, fibrewise micro-semi, fibrewise micro-Ƅ, fibrewise micro-ꭀ, and fibrewise micro-semi-pre-topological space, and to study the correlation relations These generalizations and examples. As well as discussing and studying scientific terminology in continuity and micro open and micro closed sums when proving them with the generalizations contained in the fibrewise micro-topology, with the study of concepts between functions in terms of structure and transitional qualities between the field and the corresponding field via the influence of the fibrewise micro-topology and generalizations, and examining which of the proofs and theories are verified and which are not, with its refutation, with examples that achieve the scientific purpose.

ABSTRACT. In this research, three optical link configurations have been used for transmitting 10Gbps data rate over 400km distance at three different modulation formats (Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK), Carrier Suppressed Return-to-Zero (CSRZ), and Intensity Modulation (IM)). The software used was optiSystem version 15. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) with 16 channels is suggested for data transmission at 150, 100, 50, and 25 GHz channel spacing. The first optical link configuration is proposed by combining Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF) and single repeater techniques. This configuration provides the greatest performance by utilizing the intensity modulation format with quality factors of 33.33dB, 31.55dB, 30.45dB, and 13.01dB for 150, 100, 50m, and 25GHz channel spacing, respectively. In the second configuration, only single repeater was simulated. The intensity modulation for a single repeater has a Q-factor of 16.01dB, 16.64dB, 15.66dB, and 11.33dB for channel spacings of 150, 100, 50, and 25GHz. In the third configuration, the DCF method is used. The CSRS format has more compatible with the DCF, with quality factors of 16.23dB, 15.51dB, 15.27dB, and 9.90dB for frequency separations of 150GHz, 100GHz, 50GHz, and 25GHz, respectively.

ABSTRACT. In the field of intelligent transportation, Vehicle License Plate Recognition (VLPR) has gained significant importance. In recent years, license plate (LP) recognition has emerged as a challenging research problem due to various difficulties such as detection speed, noise, environmental effects, varying lighting conditions, and more. Similarly, VLPR algorithms typically require multiple techniques to accurately identify LP images considering complex factors like character variations, colors, languages, backgrounds, distortions, challenging scenarios, obstacles, vehicle speeds, vertical or horizontal orientations, slopes, and lighting conditions. As a result, this study focused on developing an Tikrit car number plate finding algorithm Based on Multimedia Techniques (TCNPFA) for the detection of vehicle license plates. The system's performance was tested and evaluated at the Salah Al-Din Traffic Directorate's Vehicle Registration Complex and Driving Licenses facility, in addition to being compared with previous studies. The final result of this study shows that the majority of users ( 120 ) at Tikrit traffic directorate are satisfied with the a high speed access to vehicle license plates, by achieving processing speeds in milliseconds, in addition to an impressive accuracy rate of up to 99.72%

ABSTRACT. Virtual reality has become an integral component of education over time, making it imperative to understand the development and measurement of its advantages and strengths. Additionally, the educational landscape has experienced changes, transitioning from traditional lab settings to virtual labs. Consequently, this research focuses on virtual lab simulation based on smart multimedia technology, which offer remote access to practical components in an effective education. This study used a qualitative methodology was used to analyze the learning experiences and knowledge of active learners across various colleges at Tikrit University. The findings highlight a strong demand for the virtual lab to tackle challenging practical aspects for students in fields like medicine and dentistry and other different sciences. Finally, The findings indicate that most users (114) are content with the proposed model activity, with high performance and effectiveness in learning process.

ABSTRACT. This paper focuses on studying Transformations of the Iraqi internal environment, whether political or economic and their impact on Iraqi architecture during the period (1822-1958), during which local Iraqi architecture underwent radical and decisive changes. In addition, this period is punctuated by rapid technological developments, globalization, and Internal changes in society, including economic, political, and cultural changes, wars, environmental crises, and climate change, which are some of the other major issues that deeply affect the way the world is perceived. Each of these issues has significant social, cultural, economic, environmental, and climatic implications, and all of them are related in one way or another to architecture, especially in determining the identity of local architecture, and it is worth noting that Iraqi architecture kept pace with such rapid changes and developments and had an impact on its local identity during this period. Therefore, this research reviews what are the Impact of Economic and Political Transformation and the extent of their implications on the local architecture in Iraq.

ABSTRACT. An essential quality of complicated goods is maintainability. Throughout the product life cycle, a well-designed maintainability may decrease incidents and accidents and save money. Therefore, maintainability should be fully taken into account during the initial design phases. Maintainability design factors must be considered in any system, especially in power plants. In this paper maintainability design factors are investigated in the South Baghdad thermal power station. Through data obtained from the South Baghdad thermal station, of which the boiler is one of its main components, the steam boiler has been studied. Its parts and the function of each part are illustrated. The analysis of the cause-and-effect diagram was carried out, and the parts, their malfunctions, the main and secondary reasons for those malfunctions were clarified. The importance of each part and the impact of its failure on the work of the required component is clarified. Using the Minitab program, a Pareto chart analysis was conducted to find out which parts are more disruptive and impactful. After conducting the analyzes, it was found that the air heater is the most critical part for improvement to make it more maintainable, and thus increase its impact on the efficiency of the steam boiler.

ABSTRACT. In the field of mathematics known as algebraic graph theory, graph-related issues are solved using algebraic techniques. Unlike geometric, combinatorial, or algorithmic approaches, this. Algebraic graph theory has three primary subfields: the study of graph invariants, the application of group theory, and the usage of linear algebra. In this research, we introduced a new concept to indicate the sum graph of the finite group (Zpqm). The product of the sum of the orders of any two adjacent vertices is greater than the order of the group, where are prime numbers. We have some results that the group sum graph of (Zpqm) is connected, cyclic, etc., if it satisfies some properties of the graph theory and computes some important topological indices of the sum graph of the group (Zpqm). Furthermore, we shall calculate the famous topological indices via generalized it.

ABSTRACT. Creating pollutants and industrial waste of all types, including gaseous, liquid, and solid waste, is one of the primary ways that industrial activity has an impact on the environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate how an integrated Lean system and ISO 14001 may be implemented using a PDCA-based approach to environmental performance. Within the context of the PDCA cycle for improvement, the concept of combining parts of the ISO 14001 clauses is implemented together with the existing Lean methodologies and the way that these two dissimilar ideas interact with one another. The outcomes demonstrated the beneficial synergistic effect of implementing Lean and ISO 14001 as an integrated strategy to sustain environmental performance in the industry. The suggested improvement plan was carried out using PDCA, ISO 14001 provisions, and Lean tools. As a consequence, work efficiency increased to 90%. After treatment, industrial water's percentages of concentrations of pollution-causing agents reduced, and the efficacy rose to 68% for COD, 60% for BOD5, 67% for CU, and 65% for SS. These outcomes enhance the atmosphere in the factory. This makes it easier to match ISO 14001 operating procedures with simple tools and methods to enhance environmental performance outcomes.

ABSTRACT. An R-module M is called co-Hopfian if every injective R-endomorphism of M is an R-isomorphism. This paper introduces the concept strongly generalized co-Hopfian module (briefly, s-GCH module) which is a proper generalized of co-Hopfian modules. Assume M is an R-module whose every strongly essential R-monomorphism of M is an automorphism, then M is referred to as an s-GCH module. This article presents various properties and examples related to the s-GCH modules. We establish that if an R-module M has a DCC on strongly essential submodules, then M is s-GCH. Moreover, we show that if M[x] is s-GCH as R[x]-module is the polynomial module, then M is s-GCH as R-module. Furthermore, we introduce a term that unifies the concepts of co-Hopfian and s-GCH, demonstrating their equivalence. We also examine the behavior of the s-GCH under localization. Additionally, the behavior of s-GCH and GCH modules under a direct product is investigated.