Trends in Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 emphasise human-centric systems and the need to address societal challenges responsibly. Instead of purely technocentric or business-centric approaches that have characterised most past developments, we need a balanced approach between “automation” and human/society involvement contributing to well-being.

On the other hand, we live in an era with more and more disruptive events, including natural and human-caused ones, which demand systems with a high degree of resilience. As frequent disruptive events become the “new normal”, we need advanced forms of transformative strength and even antifragility. In other words, how to design and manage collaborative ecosystems that can strive and become better throughout a sequence of attacks/disruptions.