Professor Jitu Patel (Dstl, UK) 

Dr. David S. Alberts (IDA, USA)

Vice Admiral Duncan Potts (Director General Joint Force Development, UK)

Presenter: Lieutenant General Sir David Capewell (Dstl, UK)

This presentation will provide an understanding of the 21^st Mission environment, our ability to operate and succeed in this mission space, the need to achieve unity of effort, and what needs to be collaboratively worked going forward.

This presentation will address the following questions?

• What is enduring and what is different about the operations we are currently being called upon to undertake?
• Why are these missions so challenging?
• How important is Command and Control to our ability to succeed?
• How well are we achieving unity of effort and how can we improve?
• How do we need to think about Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Leadership, Personnel and Facilities going forward?

Moderator: Professor Austin Tate (University of Edinburgh, UK)

Panelists: Major General Stuart Skeates (Standing Joint Force Commander, UK)

                      Mr Paul Castella (UK Head of Mission International Committee of the Red Cross)

                      Sir Stephen House (UK)

21^st Century missions require assembling a host of military and civilian, inter-agency and non-governmental organizations and specialists to understand the issues involved and take appropriate actions to create effects in multiple domains.  This panel discusses the challenges associated with rapidly assembling these coalitions and achieving the required unity of effort.

This panel will address the following questions:

• How successful have we been at putting these coalitions together?
• What have been the impediments to achieving shared goals and objectives?
• Has a lack of interoperability (semantic, technical, process, etc.) been an issue?
• What are the Command and Control problems that need to be solved?

Moderator: Lieutenant General Sir David Capewell (Dstl, UK)

Panelists: Brigadier Darrell Amison (DCDC Hd Concepts, UK)

                      Air Commodore Stephen Reeves (Deputy Director Joint Warfare, UK)

                      Peter Houghton (Dstl, UK)

                      Dr David Alberts (IDA, USA)

This panel will focus on some of the broader symposium discussions: whether our approach to Command and Control is fit for purpose in the information era; whether Command and Control should be viewed as a pan-government capability; what can we learn from other government departments and international partners; whether our national structures, behaviors and cultures are optimized; where science and technology can help; what does this mean for force and headquarters design; and what are the implications for doctrine, concepts and future training. This session will comprise of an initial introduction to the current UK context and questions, followed by a facilitated discussion between a panel of experts, a number of senior MOD command and force development staff, and the audience.

This panel will address questions such as:

• What must future Command and Control be able to do that it currently either cannot do, or struggles with, at present?
• What should our future vision for Command and Control be and where can science and technology assist?
• In what ways do our current approaches and organizations need to change, including our concepts and force development mechanisms?
• Are we culturally and organizationally able/ready to make the needed changes to  advance towards the vision?
• What are the implications for headquarters design and command mechanisms?
• Taking a wider view across Defence Lines of Development (i.e. Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Leadership, Personnel and Facilities) what sorts of changes (co-evolution) are required? What are the challenges in doing this? Is there already good practice in other nations in taking a more holistic systems approach that we can share?
• Where are the remaining key uncertainties? How might we address them? Have others already tried? What were their findings? What further studies/research etc. might be able to assist?
• How should our approach to full-spectrum effects inform our Command and Control vision? What impact do we believe it should have on the nature of Command and Control and its supporting systems?

Reception at Maxwell Library, IET Savoy Place

Presenter:  Mr. Richard A. Hale (Deputy Chief Information Officer for Cybersecurity, U.S. Department of Defense)

This presentation will address the cybersecurity challenges facing a heterogeneous collection of military and civilian entities that need to operate effectively in a complex, contested, connected battlespace and what needs to, can be, is being done to provide warfighters with the assured connectivity and access to information they need for command and control.   

This presentation will address the following questions:

• How does the challenge of cybersecurity on the battlefield differ from the day-to-day challenges of protecting our networks and information?
• Is cybersecurity and information sharing a zero sum game?
• How should cybersecurity requirements be incorporated into our design and acquisition of battlefield systems?
• What are the interoperability implications of strengthening cybersecurity?
• How can the U.S. and its allies work together to ensure that the ‘connected’ battlefield is actually connected and secure?
• What research and analysis is needed to better inform cybersecurity approaches and investments?
• Is cybersecurity affordable?

Presenter:  Dr. David S. Alberts (IDA, USA)

This presentation will begin by reviewing the Command and Control implications of previous presentations and, in this context, review key Command and Control -related concepts and related hypotheses to include: the Command and Control Approach and Endeavor Spaces, autonomy, mission command, composite networks, cybersecurity, and Command and Control Agility.   Evidence to date supporting these hypotheses will be provided and reviewed. 

This presentation will address the following questions:

• What are the implications of complex enterprises for Command and Control?  the complexity and dynamics of 21^st Century missions?
• What are the implications for operations assessments?
• How do we address / mitigate an increasing dependence on communications,  ‘perfect’ information and the availability of our networks?
• How does Command and Control Theory accommodate increasing scale (numbers of entities) on the battlefield?
• How does Command and Control Theory help us protect against / mitigate an increasing cyber threat?

Moderator:  Anthony Alston (QinetiQ, UK)

Panelists:  Calvin S. Johnson (Deputy, Mission Command Battle Lab, US)

                      Christopher Briggs (Dstl, UK)

                      Keith Stewart (DRDC, CA)

                      Kevin Chan (ARL, USA)

                 Lorraine Dodd (Cranfield University, UK)

This panel will discuss the challenges facing C2 in the ever increasing complex operating environment our Armed Forces are engaged within and how S&T can contribute to addressing these; the discussions will cover both S&T ‘solutions’ and how their benefits can be demonstrated and how they can be implemented.

This panel will address the following questions:

• Is a focus on ‘Military C2’ still appropriate? - Is the bounded concept of ‘military C2’ meaningful in a multi-agency environment?
• How does the current Defence-oriented education and training need to evolve to reflect the multi-agency environment?
• Is C2 still a meaningful concept? - Do current C2 theories allow us to design/evolve appropriate C2 organisations?
• How does the S&T community demonstrate the benefits of their theories, techniques and tools to the military?
• What are the implications of the Information Age on C2? – How will the availability of non-organic information sources contribute to C2?
• What do concepts such as Shared Awareness/Understanding, intent, value and success mean in a multi-agency organisation?

Dinner at Honourable Artillery Company (HAC), Armoury House, City Road, London, EC1Y 2BQ

Moderators:  Dr. Mauro Tortonesi (University of Ferrara, Italy)

                             Dr. Niranjan Suri (ARL, USA)

Panelists:        Lt Col  Adrian Woodley (UK Army HQ)

                             Dr. James Michaelis (ARL, USA)

                             Dr Michael Gerz (Fraunhofer, Germany)

                             Dr Michael Hieb (George Mason, USA)

                             Thomas Remmersmann (Fraunhofer, Germany)

This panel discusses military applications of Internet of Things, considering commercial technology and advances in IoT as well as the increasing uses of autonomous entities and systems. This panel discusses these and other challenges for military operations that require autonomy and Intelligent Systems.

Questions to be addressed will include:

• What are potential military applications of IoT concepts within different domains such as sensing, and logistics?
• What are the new Command and Control challenges that arise from IoT? What are some potential solutions?
• What aspects of commercial IoT can be leveraged in the military context?
• What are unique challenges in the military environment that must be addressed in order to enable IoT?
• What are some envisioned roles for autonomy in the current Department of Defense problem space?
• What are some anticipated future problem spaces that also demand autonomy and intelligent systems
• How can challenges related to trust be addressed to improve confidence in autonomy?
• What are some interesting ways that humans and autonomous systems can collaborate in order to improve problem solving?

Moderator:  Micheline Belanger (DRDC, CA)

Panelists:  Elizabeth Bowman, Track Chair: Socio-technical Networks in Complex Connected Battlespace

                       James Lawton, Track Chair: KSCO

                       John Haines, Track Chair: Interoperability/Integration and Security

                       Ken Teske, Track Chair: Methodological Development, Experimentation, Analysis, Assessment and Metrics

                       Lorraine Dodd, Track Chair: C2 Concepts, Theory, Policy and Approaches

                       Micheal Wunder,Track Chair: Interoperability/Integration and Security

                       Niranjan Suri, Track Chair:  Towards Internet of Intelligent Things in Highly Connected Battlefield

                       Peter Houghton,Track Chair: Battlespace Understanding and Management

This panel will, drawing upon track chairs sessions, contrast the discussion on future Command and Control challenges and the theoretic and experimental work presented to consider how we can leverage Science and Technology to address unmet challenges and enhance theory, what the research and development agenda could be, and how it could be fulfilled by incorporating new ideas into doctrine and concepts, training, exercises, experiments, systems design, and testing.  

This panel will address questions such as:

• What are the key ideas from science and technology that need to be applied to the future Command and Control challenge space?
• How might we validate and demonstrate the utility of C2 theory and related concepts?
• How do we translate these concepts into practice to improve the practice of Command and Control?
• What are the key barriers to translating and embedding them into sustainable practice?
• How do we make sure that Command and Control practice does not slip backwards and moves to a continuous improvement agenda?
• How do we ensure that Command and Control practice stays ahead of future environmental change improvements?
• Where do we believe are the key gaps in theory and experimentation/validation and how might we close them?