Energy storage is a challenge given that the sun is the sole source of all energy and the energy received converts from one form to another. Nuclear fuel is a form of the sun’s energy. Nuclear fuel has the advantage of energy storage; one can package the fuel for use in future time.

The International Atomic Energy Association has embraced the concept of developing small modular reactors to form part of the energy mix of future carbon free electricity sources for the growing urban communities. It is expected that by 2050, the global population will exceed 10 billion citizens and that the citizens will be crowded into the urban cities and communities. Small modular and distributed nuclear energy reactors, complimented with intermittent solar and wind energy resources, could constitute the carbon free power stations for the future urban communities.

This paper focuses on the development of the simulation model of a single simplified high temperature gas cooled reactor fuel element surrounded with a helium coolant. A study of the behavior of the neutron economy of the simulated reactor shows the inherent safety of the fuel pebbles. The study confirms that with the aid of computational simulations, engineers can promote strenuous testing of reactor and fuel designs to ensure the safety and sustainability of the plant. Small modular nuclear reactors are capable of having a radioactivity risk load of less than that, which currently prevails in the local community hospitals, and the economics of very long-term energy storage, will make the designs practical and affordable.