Tags:dark patterns in video games, loot boxes, personality traits, video game addiction and video games
Abstract:
Recently, significant attention in video-game research was drawn to so-called "loot boxes," considered harmful for psychological well-being. "Loot boxes" provide the player with a random in-game item in exchange for money through gambling-like mechanics. "Loot boxes" belong to a range of gaming design elements, so-called "dark patterns," used to coerce players into spending more time or additional money to progress the game. The question occurs: what psychological traits make people more likely to behave accordingly, including various forms of optional in-game purchases? For this study, we focused on monetary patterns. The research was conducted online on a Russian sample and included the following questionnaires: the Video Games Addiction Scale; T.Ehlers' questionnaires of success and avoid failure motives; Schubert's risk readiness questionnaire; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; and General Self-Efficacy Scale. The participants were recruited through social networks on a voluntary basis. A total of 345 participants aged 18–39 years old included 303 women and 42 men. Logit models were built to predict the following monetary "dark pattern"-related behaviors: purchasing loot boxes; premium subscriptions; cosmetic items; items that boost player characters' abilities; additional trials for in-game events. Those behaviors were used as dependent variables, while the scale scores were used as predictors. Additionally, game preferences were used as factors. Working models were only obtained for three dependent variables, with one significant predictor in each. The resulting models suggest that video game preferences do not predict the likelihood of in-game purchases, while personality traits have a small but significant impact. Risk readiness was involved in loot box purchasing. The more failure-avoidant players were more likely to purchase boost items to help them in-game, and higher self-efficacy predicted players' willingness to purchase premium game status.
Personality Traits Related to Monetary “Dark Patterns” Susceptibility in Video Gaming