Circular economy (CE) is a priority of many international and national organisations, as well as regions, cities and sector. In the last years, an increasing attention is being paid to awareness of stakeholder attitudes, in terms of implementing CE solutions in businesses and in people's lives. This applies to many sectors, including the fertiliser production sector. One example of the application of CE solutions in the fertiliser sector is the production of bio-based fertilisers (BBFs).

One of the most important driving forces behind the use of BBFs is market demand for agricultural products from crops that use organic farming methods. An increasing number of consumers are interested in buying healthier and greener agricultural products. In addition, farmers' awareness of the impact of agricultural chemicals on human health and the environment is increasing.

This paper presents the results of a nationwide survey of a group of farmers engaged in crop production from all 16 voivodeships in Poland. Since farmers in Poland are a specific social group, often with limited access to technological solutions, the survey was conducted in the form of interviews using the PAPI method.

Unfortunately, the use of BBFs also comes with some barriers. One of the main problems is their price, which is often higher than chemical fertilisers. Another problem is the lack of sufficient knowledge and skills among farmers in using BBFs. Finally, the use of BBFs may require a change in cultivation methods and technologies used, which can also be difficult for farmers.

Based on survey results, barriers and driving forces ascendant among Polish farmers were identified. The use of BBFs has many potential benefits, but also comes with some barriers. Farmers need to find ways to deal with these problems in order to realise the potential of BBFs. For this reason, the attitudes of end-users, a group that includes farmers, should be further analysed.