The rationale and sustainable use of natural resource and the reduction of waste materials are key concepts in bioeconomy. The development of new bio-based materials with new properties and functionalities is expected to meet the increasing demand for sustainable products. Among these, bioplastics will play a key role in the transition from linear economy to a circular system. Currently, most of produced bioplastics are prevalently from first-generation biomass used as raw materials, and hence directly competing with food and feed industry for the use of fertile soil. On the other hand, the use of agro-food waste as raw materials is an ethically and economically preferable choice. In Italy, the food industry is the second manufacturing sector, with the dairy industry representing one of the most important entries of the list. The purpose of this paper is threefold and starts from the identification of constraints, opportunities, strengths and weaknesses to be addressed in order to maximize the overall output of the project and consequently the opportunities for the territory coming from the production of bio-based biopolymers as sustainable substitutes for plastics and the valorisation of cheese whey as a secondary raw materials which is currently largely exported as waste and then imported as an intermediate product with higher added value with negative impact on the balance of trade. The analyses consists in the evaluation in monetary terms of the processes of creation and distribution of added value. Like most cost-benefit analyses, economic analysis is carried out both from the point of view of private market operators, using market prices, and from the point of view of society as a whole. Specifically, the paper comprehends the analysis of the project potentiality in the socio-economic context, the demand for final and intermediate products and a cost and economic impact analysis.