Africa experiences the highest urbanization rate globally, despite being one of the least urbanized regions. This places immense strain on transportation systems, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions. Pedestrian and cyclist infrastructure and safety remain largely overlooked in many African cities, despite a prevalent reliance on walking and cycling. The Collaborative Project on Active Mobility in Africa (CAMA) aims to address these issues in three sub-Saharan African countries by gathering data on users` mobility behaviors, proposing tailor made solutions, and conducting real-life experiments. This paper focuses on the CAMA project's findings in Ethiopia. The study utilized mixed research methods encompassing key informant interviews, qualitative and quantitative surveys. The research revealed that walking is the primary mode of transportation for 66% of respondents, with cycling accounting for 20%. These choices are primarily influenced by work commutes and cultural or religious practices. Factors like efficiency, safety, and affordability heavily influence their mode preferences. Though respondents acknowledge the economic and environmental benefits of active mobility, awareness of the associated health benefits is lacking. Safety concerns and inadequate infrastructure are key obstacles to walking and cycling in Mekelle city. Participants stressed the significance of law enforcement and traffic management for walking, as well as improvements in infrastructure, connectivity, and awareness for cycling. These findings emphasize the need to enhance infrastructure, improve safety, and promote active mobility for a sustainable and inclusive urban environment in Ethiopia and beyond.