This report contains the results of two experiments with experienced and novice chemistry professionals. In the first experiment, the subjects were asked to read a description of a chemical process and then to solve a series of problems with schematic depictions of this process. In the second experiment, the subjects were asked to identify the substance represented by a three-dimensional molecule. The correctness of the responses and the nature of the movement of the eyes of the subjects were recorded. The results revealed the features of the distribution of attention and of the use of mental representations as well as the nature of the transition between different types of chemical knowledge which accounted for experts’ superiority.