This article presents a systematic literature review on issues involving smartphone interface ergonomics and musculoskeletal implications related to its usage. In order to collect information in an objective and impartial way, taking into account the large amount of data found on the themes that involve this study, a literature review was conducted in order to find more specific, relevant and reliable research on the topic addressed. Thus, a systematic review of the literature was performed through the Scopus database, using the Wohlin’s Snowballing approach (Wohlin, 2014). As descriptors, the keywords: "Smartphone", "Ergonomics" and "Musculoskeletal", located in the title, abstract, or keywords of the articles, were used. After the document collection processes, 341 articles were found. Then, readings of titles, abstracts and verification of inclusion and exclusion criteria previously established were carried out, leaving 27 articles that were completely analyzed in search of relevant information to fulfill the objective of the research. After finishing this literature review, the most affected body regions were identified and studied in the interaction with smartphones which are: neck and upper limbs (in different regions), besides the most used methods and techniques for ergonomic evaluation, which were: statistical method, structured questionnaire, posture analysis, surface electromyography, form, movement analysis, algometry and ultrasonography. In addition, the indications of future works proposed by the authors were extracted and synthesized, that is, there are still several possibilities of studies and contributions related to the ergonomics of these interfaces.