Biomass, as a renewable energy source, can be converted into useful energy such as heat, electricity or biofuels. Despite the increasing interest in the forest biomass use, the high logistic costs represent almost 90% of the total bioenergy production cost. Thus, the supply chain cost of forest-based biomass for energy generation is an important factor affecting the selling prices of wood biofuels and it affects its competition when compared with fossil fuels. Biomass logistics comprises: (1) harvesting and collection; (2) storage; (3) pre-processing; and (4) transportation. The main objective of this work is to analyse the complete supply chain of different forest-based biomass production and estimate the full cost structure and the biomass respective energy value. The transportation cost depends on distances, transport option and load volume. Biomass can be collected in different forms and the harvesting costs of forest biomass vary mainly due to different working methods and distinct machinery used for cutting or splitting the biomass. Biomass can be stored at intermediate storage facilities or directly at the conversion facilities, whereas the type of storage depends on the biomass characteristics and the climatic conditions. Additionally to the distance travelled or the quantity of biomass, the transporting cost is influenced by the number of rail or truck used and the actual routes taken by the vehicles. A representative fraction of Portuguese primary forest biomass is used for energy production, followed by wood-based products and pellets industry. Wood chips, pellets and briquettes are used for bioenergy production. When compared, the pellets have better balance concerning heating value (17 to 19MJ/kg), energy density (11000 to 13000MJ/m³) and price (150 to 200€/ton). Total harvesting costs vary between 20 and 25€/m³, depending on the level of mechanization felling. Load transportation costs can reach a value of 16.6€/m3.