Cement handlers such as masons, cement loaders and cement sellers are exposed to hazardous agents in cement dust daily over a long period of time. This study evaluated the frequency of nuclear damage to the buccal cells of cement handlers’ exposed to cement dust in Enugu metropolis; by determining the frequencies of micronuclei (MN), binucleate cells (BNC) and Nuclear buds (NB) in exfoliated buccal cells obtained from cement handlers and a control group. A total of 238 apparently healthy male subjects, comprising 38 control subjects, 74 masons, 102 cement loaders, and 24 cement sellers were recruited for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant demographic data and exposure characteristics of participants. Buccal smears were obtained from both cheeks for each participant using a sterile wooden spatula. The smears were evaluated using micronuclei assay . Obtained data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one -way ANOVA at α=0.05. All the categories of cement handlers had a significantly increased micronuclei frequency when compared to the control subjects. Factors such as age, years in occupation and use of personal protective equipment did not significantly affect the frequency of nuclear abnormalities among the cement handlers while the frequency of MN and BNC was significantly increased by smoking and alcohol consumption habits. Cement handlers may be exposed to toxic substances in cement dust that, when compared to control subjects may have given rise to the observed increase in micronuclei frequency.