Many governments are using and misusing emerging technologies to gain military and strategic advantages. A critical analysis of the structures, actors and motivations driving such qualitative arms dynamics is important. It helps to identify political opportunities to reduce risks for peace and security resulting from the integration of emerging technologies into warfare. Focusing on the role of Germany, the talk will use some current examples of military innovations in nuclear weapons-related areas to highlight opportunities for scientists and others to shape political decision-making and prepare the ground for arms control and disarmament.