ABSTRACT. This paper presents the development of a nonlinear controller for the reaction wheel pendulum (RWP) via an interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) approach. The IDA-PBC approach works with the port-Hamiltonian open-loop dynamics of the RWP to propose a nonlinear controller that preserves the Hamiltonian structure in closed-loop by guaranteeing stability properties in the sense of Lyapunov. Numerical results confirm the theoretical development presented throughout simulations in Simulink package from MATLAB. Comparison with a Lyapunov-based approach is also provided.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this work is to establish a guideline for the design of research facilities in the field of Energy Management in Distributed Generation in Electric Power Systems. First, a National trend towards the implementation of the main Renewables Energies Technologies is identified, yielding Wind and Photovoltaic Energy as the vanguard. A short review of the Architecture of the Hierarchical control of Microgrids is then presented to continue to analyze the future trends in research on Distributed Generation based on Microgrids. Finally, after the introduction of the existing facilities at FIE-UMSNH in the field of Renewables Energies, a proposal of Architecture of research facilities for the integration of Microgrids in the Grid Network is shown. All the process has been carried out considering IEEE standards related to Microgrids as well as considering the Mexican Regulatory framework related to the Energy Transition

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop implementation of the Prony’s method in a real-time digital simulator (RTDS), an industrial real-time automatic controller (RTAC), and a commercial phasor measurement unit (PMU). The obtained results demonstrate the proper performance of Prony’s method to identify the dominant modes and eliminate trivial modes. The conducted experiments suggest the potential and further applications of this method in real systems using industrial equipment.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents the analysis of electrical energy consumption of 76 high school buildings in the state of Michoacán, through linear regression analysis, energy audits and benchmarks. The energy consumption is compared for each campus, obtaining a breakdown of consumption per student, m2 and turnover. Also, energy efficiency and savings opportunities that improve the energy performance of these high schools are analyzed.

ABSTRACT. This paper addresses the fundamental issue regarding how to perform the preventive control of transient dynamics associated with rotor angles and nodal voltage magnitudes to obtain a transiently stable operating point for a given contingency scenario. The problem is formulated as a single contingency transient stability-constrained optimal power flow (TSC-OPF) model, in which the optimization and the transient stability problems are sequentially solved until a suitable generation dispatch that provides a transiently stable equilibrium point is assessed. A relevant feature of the proposed approach is its formulation in the form of a conventional OPF problem, which includes two power redispatch constraints that are only a function of the steady state active power output of generators. Hence, the control objective is achieved by constraining the direction and magnitude of the steady-state active power re-dispatch of the generators. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on the WSCC 3-machine-9 bus test system.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents an Online Learning Artificial Neural Network Controller (OLANNC) for a DC-DC Buck converter. The proposed control scheme uses a Perceptron Online Learning algorithm to stabilize the output voltage. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation results are presented with some operations such as reference voltage variations. Comparison with a typical controller is also presented to denote it advantages.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a repulsion system of magnetic levitation of one degree of freedom for masses with magnetic properties. The physical implementation and its parametric estimation are performed. The raw data taken from sensors are used first in order to estimate the parameters, then, the Khalman Filter is used to improve their estimation. These two estimations have been made in the microcontroller. The system control is made using a microcontroller and also with a communication between the microcontroller and Matlab, in order to show the differences between both. Two types of control are implemented (First and higher order sliding modes).

ABSTRACT. Corrosion is considered one of the main mechanisms that can damage a civil structure, especially truss structures. Hence, corrosion identification in its early stage is of vital importance. This paper proposes a vibration-based structural damage detection methodology which uses a statistical feature extraction, linear discriminant analysis, and a neural network classifier for assessing the healthy condition of the bridge, as well as its damage conditions produced by corrosion with three levels of severity. The obtained results show that the new method can identify the structure condition and the severity level due to corrosion with high accuracy, even when an incipient fault is present

ABSTRACT. This work presents a method in the interest of obtaining the parametric solution of dynamic systems, based on the implementation of the so-called layered expansion of determinant (LED), which derives in a determinant decision diagram (DDD), then by the application of the numerical inverse Laplace transform (NILT), it is possible to transform the frequency domain (FD) expressions into the time domain (TD) and then reach a parametric solution. In this manuscript, a design optimization framework is proposed based on the parametric solution of a dynamic system. Then in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method, this approach is applied for optimization of passive filter parameters in terms of the harmonic content of a signal, which is a typical industrial application where power quality requirements must be met, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

ABSTRACT. The performance and reliability are crucial features of the FSO links involved in optical metro networks (particularly, for last mile networks). In particular, the performance of the overall optical communication system depends on the process of tracking, acquisition, and pointing between the transmitter and the receiver. However, the optimization of these processes is required in order to reduce the resources and maintain a particular performance. In this paper, we propose an optimized method for the pointing process by directly considering parameters highly related to performance (i.e. bit error rate and throughput) for different weather conditions. The proposal is focused on the emulated effects of the pointing error angles of the transmitter and the receiver in the signal to noise ratio. The results showed that the performance of the FSO link remains constant (≈10-9) for different weather conditions (from clear air to extreme rain, 3 dB and 10 dB, respectively). This performance is based on the adequate choice of the error pointing angles related to the diameters of the telescopes used. Finally, the optimized pointing process permits to relax the design of conventional pointing systems since the proposal is not based on the quality of the image spot, the sensitivity of the position sensing diode, among other parameters considered by conventional systems.

ABSTRACT. The motion control of most industrial systems (such as Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines and robots) require to consider the physical limitations in position, speed and acceleration. A kinematic motion profile describes the desired movement considering such constraints. The profile generator is in charge of generating the motion controlled kinematics for being applied to the mechatronic system. Several works have been proposed for achieving this task; however, most of them use either complex algorithms or pre-calculated profiles. In this work a low-computational-cost algorithm for the generation of motion-controlled kinematics that can be implemented in low-cost microcontrollers is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validates through simulation and experimentation

ABSTRACT. In this work the design of a distillation column actuator controlled by an interface to regulate the electrical power of the heating resistance in the column boiler is presented. The actuator is based on a AC-DC converter and a DC-DC converter, the actuator is regulated by the output voltage using a PI controller. An interface is developed in LabVIEW to monitor the system and operate the control in real time. The actuator is validated with experimental data from a distillation column boiler.s validated with experimental data from a distillation column boiler.

ABSTRACT. The sunlight is the most important renewable source however, the systems designed for its usage are not a continuous power delivering option. A photovoltaic (PV) panel is the most common harvesting device for solar energy, despite having low efficiency. Moreover, its semiconductor-based nature makes its power delivering highly weather dependent. In the study, a correlation between the most significant weather variables and the power delivered by a PV panel is presented. In order to achieve confident results, an Embedded IoT system is proposed to collect and save data for further analysis, more than 40k samples were handled for this first stage correlation study.

ABSTRACT. In this paper a modeling of a hydraulic system composed by a hydromotor and a proportional valve is presented. Due to the non-linear characteristics of the analyzed system the modeling is obtained from experimental measurements for a specific range of operation, which allows to obtain output patterns as a response to input signals. The hydraulic system is represented by an adaptive linear model, whose coefficients have a dynamic behavior as a function of system’s input. Speed and position control loops with a linear PID with adaptive coefficients is implemented, which allows the PID reconfiguration as the operating point is changing. The proposed model is tested by simulations and in an experimental rig.

ABSTRACT. This work presents a new Reconfigurable Robotic Leg based on the inverse P-L mechanism that is modified for use in walking machines. It has the ability to describe straight line or curved paths depending on the selected ratio between the lengths of two of its links and its kinematics. It means that the one degree-of-freedom mechanism was transformed into a more sophisticated parallel kinematic chain by the inclusion of four more degrees of freedom. This leg has five DOFs, but only two of them are used for the support and transfer phases. The other three DOFs are used exclusively when the foot needs a reconfiguration to describe a different path during the transfer phase.

ABSTRACT. In this work, a comparative study between two routes to synthesize copper oxide (CuO) is reported. CuO films are grown on transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrates by means of two low-cost chemical bath deposition (CBD) techniques using aqueous solutions of copper chloride. It is shown that CuO films can be simply obtained by dehydration of Cu(OH)2, and that the composition of the grown films significantly depends on temperature and process time. The samples obtained with the best route were optically characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.

ABSTRACT. In this work, leaching processes of thin-film-transistor (TFT) displays using nitric and sulfuric acid, respectively, for the purpose of indium recovery are studied. The substrates are extracted from end-of-life In-Cell Touch smartphone displays. Using EDS-SEM chemical mapping we have found that both acids can lead to the extraction of indium from the TFT matrixes. However, it is observed that sulfuric acid can remove almost 4% more indium than nitric acid under the same lixiviation conditions.

ABSTRACT. Ternary bulk heterojunction solar cells based on the electron donor PTB7-Th and the electron acceptors PC71BM and ICBA were fabricated with an optimum concentration of ICBA of 15 wt% and characterized electrically. Current density-voltage (J-V) and impedance spectroscopy characteristics are discussed. Characteristics under dark conditions are modeled to find a well predictable value of the open circuit voltage (VOC) which is compared with the experimental value. From impedance spectroscopy, specifically from capacitance-voltage characteristics, a relaxation or recombination time between 10-3 and 10-5 s for charge carriers is observed. Our results show that this analysis allows to verify whether recombination determining VOC also determines recombination under dark conditions for ternary solar cells.

ABSTRACT. This work describes an efficient low cost and portable method that can be used for the detection of pollutants in water such as hydrocarbons in oceans, rivers, aquifers, and other sites. A strong absorbance band was found for different hydrocarbons in the wavelength range of 375-380 nm subsequently, fluorescence response was found in the wavelength range of 400-500 nm. High Power UV LEDs (HP UV-LED) were used to stimulate the fluorescence and a wide range (400-1100 nm) photodetector for the detection embedded in the portable device. Moreover, the paper includes experimental results about the minimal hydrocarbon thickness on water that can be detected, as well as a bandpass filter to optimize the electrical measurement. The low cost of this system implies the use of discrete electronics such as a photodetector, UV light-emitting diode and a circuit transimpedance amplifier.

ABSTRACT. Single-phase multi-level inverters are increasingly used in the industry, particularly in medium and high power applications. Multilevel inverters are considered very convenient configurations in applications of renewable energy sources. Their high power, efficiency, quality in the output voltage and performance make them interesting for photovoltaic applications. In this paper, a comparative analysis of seven-level multilevel inverter topologies is carried out that allows determining the most appropriate topology for the connection of photovoltaic systems to the power grid without a transformer. In this document two comparisons are made, the first comparison is based on the structures of multilevel inverters. The second comparison is made in terms of harmonic distortion, efficiency and common mode currents. An SL-PWM modulation scheme is implemented to make the comparisons and numerical results are presented to corroborate the presented analysis.

ABSTRACT. In order to satisfied the growing electrical energy demand around the world, renewable energy generation systems under distributed generation frame emerges as a plausible solution. In this context wind and micro-hydro generation systems consist of renewable AC sources that need efficient and totally controlled power conversion stages. In this work a novel active and reactive power control strategy based on two cascade control loops using a combination of classical PR controller and Model Based Predictive Voltage Control strategy for AC generation systems are presented. The performance of the system are analysed regarding tracking of reference and THD with satisfying transient results and THD lower than 1 % in the injected current widely accomplishing with international standards.

ABSTRACT. This paper presents the control of the active and reactive power of a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system for compensating fluctuations of a power system with high penetration of wind energy during extreme scenarios of wind gusts. The wind energy conversion system (WECS) is a Type-A turbine with squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and a capacitor bank. A passivity-based proportional-integral control (PI-PBC) is used that controls the power transfer of the SMES system to the power grid. The proposed controller is designed with two main objectives: First, to deliver (or absorb) a suitable active power to (or from) the power system, and second, to regulate the voltage of the WECS. The proposed PI-PBC guarantees asymptotically stability in closed-loop and exploits the advantages of the proportional-integral (PI) actions. Also, it presents a superior performance when it is compared to a conventional PI controller and a proportional feedback linearization controller. Simulation results carried-out in MATLAB/SIMULINK demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methodology.

ABSTRACT. Cancer has reached worrying levels of proliferation. Research and the study of therapies that contribute to their treatment are increasingly necessary. It has been observed that using electroporation maximizes the entry of drugs into the cells, enhancing their effects, which is known as electrochemotherapy. In this work, experimental data describing the effect of pores accumulation in the cell membrane during the application of electrical pulses in a macroscopic mathematical model of drug transport using nonlinear regressions and the least squares method are implemented. The results show that the use of experimental data with mathematical models, allows to improve the predictions of drug entry, obtaining results closer to reality that can be used for the planning of treatments with electrochemotherapy.

ABSTRACT. Influenza is an acute disease of the respiratory tract. In Mexico, the influenza every year occurs with temporality and intensity is not known exactly[1]. This disease also represents a high cost for national public health. The goal of this research is to create an intelligent system to support by diagnosis of influenza using the relevant factors based on historical data of the Mexican population. Until now all patients who arrive at a health institution with symptoms of influenza are immediately diagnosed as Disease Type Influenza and the drug Oseltamivir is applied, for a minimal cases sends the molecular analysis using the real-time PCR technique to corroborate the diagnosis. The consequences are the amount of False Positive and False Negative, which implies a high cost for the Health Sector or for the patient in the application of the medication, the shortage in the market of the medicine that can not be enough for the whole season and, for the patient, also the secondary disorders that arise due to the use of the medication. We propose support the diagnosis with Machine learning methods, with data of data base of the Mexican Institution, INDRE, where there are registers of people who were diagnosed of Influenza an after taken a sample to PCR-RT test for the final result. We use 3473 registers of people are 7 years old and were taken care of in Mexico City. Performance evaluation observed, with a case study of 20% of patients from the database using as a test set, shows sensitivity and sensibility results of 90% with the best algorithm

ABSTRACT. In this work a control system developed in Python is presented for the autonomous navigation of vehicles using a monocular vision system to detect reference patterns in a controlled environment. This control system is based on the data extraction from the vision system camera feed to generate position vectors which enable the localization of the vehicle in the environment, without having to depend purely on odometry avoiding the error that it generates. The infrastructure developed for this paper is a low cost 4 wheeled vehicle with a minimal quantity of sensors and a VGA camera for the computer vision system.

ABSTRACT. Climate change together with changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere imply serious risks for ecosystems. These risks are mainly due to the concentration of greenhouse gases, the variation in rainfall periods, and the increase in the average temperature of the planet. The effects of these environmental problems have an impact on the distribution of species. A strategy to know the affectations and distribution of species derived from climate change is presented in this paper. This strategy is implemented as a parallel version of the supervised classification technique called MaxLike. This parallel code runs on a Quad-core Intel Xeon processor 8GB RAM OSX Yosemite 10.10.5 computer. It allows a more extensive analysis of distribution of species due to climate change while it allows a longer simulation over the time.