ABSTRACT. Diabetes mellitus remains one of the most significant global health challenges, affecting cellular metabolism, vascular function, immune regulation, and tissue regeneration. Despite major advances in pharmacological therapy and continuous glucose monitoring technologies, many diabetic complications continue to develop before clinically detectable symptoms emerge. This limitation has stimulated growing interest in optical sensing technologies capable of monitoring molecular, cellular, and tissue-level changes associated with disease progression. Optical sensors offer unique advantages including high sensitivity, label-free operation, real-time monitoring, miniaturization potential, and compatibility with wearable and implantable platforms. This review examines the rapidly evolving landscape of optical sensing technologies for diabetes, including surface plasmon resonance sensors, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photonic crystal biosensors, fiber-optic sensors, optical coherence tomography, quantitative phase imaging, fluorescence-based systems, and emerging nanophotonic platforms. Particular emphasis is placed on the translational potential of these technologies for early detection of diabetic complications, assessment of cellular dysfunction, monitoring of therapeutic responses, and integration with photo biomodulation and artificial intelligence-driven decision systems. The convergence of optical sensing, machine learning, microfluidics, and precision medicine is creating new opportunities for adaptive therapeutic strategies that extend beyond glucose monitoring toward comprehensive management of diabetic pathology. Future closed-loop photonic platforms may simultaneously diagnose, predict, and modulate disease processes, providing a foundation for next-generation translational diabetes care.

ABSTRACT. Despite extensive research on the magneto-optical properties of nanodispersed structures, questions remain regarding how structural parameters—such as particle size and shape, the volume fraction of magnetic particles, and the nature of the surrounding matrix—affect these properties [1,2]. Consequently, continued research in this field remains highly significant and promising. In the present paper, we investigated the magneto-optical properties of Fe and Fe₃O₄ nanodispersed particles in the photon energy range of 1.5–4.5 eV. The generalized Maxwell-Garnett effective-medium theoretical model, commonly used to describe and analyze experimental data in nanodispersed structures, was modified to focus on a single-component nanodispersed system with optically anisotropic particles (ellipsoids) dispersed in a matrix. Our experimental and theoretical findings confirm that the tensor components of the effective dielectric permittivity of iron nanodispersed particles, and consequently their magneto-optical properties, undergo significant changes due to variations in particle shape. However, the magneto-optical properties of nanodispersed particles of magnetic oxides are independent of structural parameters and are determined by the electronic energy structure of the fine magnetic particles. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that theoretical models describing the magneto-optical properties of magnetic nanostructures can be formulated in accordance with the optical properties of the structures—specifically, their refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k): transparent (k≪n), translucent (k^2≪n^2), and absorbing (n≈k) structures. Moreover, this classification is useful not only from a theoretical standpoint but also for the practical application of magnetic structure properties. Such an approach allows for the refinement of existing theoretical models describing the magneto-optical properties of nanodispersed structures. The results presented provide deeper insight into light-matter interactions in nanodispersed systems, which is of great importance for condensed matter physics, nanotechnology, and biomedicine. This work was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG). Grant number FR-24-3101. Project title: Experimental and theoretical methods of magneto-optical research in spintronics.

REFERENCES [1] Bury, P., Veveričík, M., Černobila, F., Tomašovičová, N., Zakuťanská, K., Kopčanský, P., Timko, M., & Jarošová, M. (2022). Role of Magnetic Nanoparticles Size and Concentration on Structural Changes and Corresponding Magneto-Optical Behavior of Nematic Liquid Crystals. Nanomaterials, 12(14), 2463. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142463

[2] ] Kalandadze L., Nakashidze O., Gomidze N., Makharadze K., & Jakobia D., (2026), Magneto-optical properties of nanodispersed iron thin films in the 1.0-5.0 eV photon energy range EPJ Web Conf., 356 01001 https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202635601001

ABSTRACT. Background: Low-intensity laser irradiation represents a non-chemical physical approach for modulating biological processes in plants. The present study investigated whether laser priming of wheat seeds induces biochemical changes capable of modifying antioxidant and cytoprotective properties, thereby providing a model of interaction between optical physical stimulation and biological response.

Methods: Wheat seeds were subjected to continuous-wave CO₂ laser irradiation before cultivation. The resulting plant material was evaluated for changes in phenolic bioactive compounds using chromatographic profiling and complementary antioxidant assays. To determine whether laser-induced biochemical modifications translated into biologically relevant effects, cytoprotective activity was assessed in Jurkat T cells exposed to H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Cellular responses were evaluated in relation to oxidative injury and functional/metabolic viability.

Results: Laser priming modified the phenolic profile of wheat and enhanced its antioxidant potential compared with non-irradiated controls. The laser-induced biochemical response was associated with improved radical-scavenging properties. In the cellular oxidative-stress model, extracts obtained from laser-primed wheat demonstrated cytoprotective activity, reducing the adverse effects of H₂O₂ exposure and supporting cellular functional integrity. These findings indicate that a controlled physical stimulus applied at the seed stage can generate downstream molecular and cellular effects through modulation of plant redox-active compounds.

Conclusion: CO₂ laser priming provides a biophysical method for controlling plant biochemical responses and enhancing biologically active antioxidant components. The observed sequence—physical laser stimulus, modification of phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity, and subsequent cellular cytoprotection—illustrates the potential of optical technologies to regulate biological systems across plant and cellular levels. This approach may contribute to the development of non-invasive physical technologies for generating bioactive plant materials with potential biomedical applications.

ABSTRACT. Using the Jordan-Wigner transformation we calculate exactly the ground state and low-temperature thermodynamic properties of the spin S=1/2 isotropic XX chain with four spin interaction. In terms of the equivalent spinless fermion (SF) representation the system is viewed as a lattice fermion gas with nearest-neighbor (J) and next-next-next-neighbor (J∗/4) hopping. It is shown that with the increase of four spin coupling, at J_c^*=4J⁄3 the system experiences the Lifshitz type topological phase transition characterized by the tripling of Fermi points. The quantum phase transition (QPT) point marks transition from a gapless spin-liquid phase of standard XX chain into again a gapless spin-liquid phase with different character of power-low decay of spin correlations. At the transition point the free fermion dispersion relation shows flattering at Fermi points, what determines singular character of density of states ρ(ω)=〖(ω⁄J)〗^□((-2)⁄3) and as a consequence unconventional temperature dependence of heat capacity of the system C∼(T/J∗)1/3, and singular magnetic susceptibility of the system χ(H)∼(H/J∗)−2/3. In the case of alternating magnetic field the system is characterized by the rich ground state phase diagram which contains fully polarized (ferromagnetic), gapped antiferromagnetic (AFM) and spin liquid phases. At the transition point from the gapped AFM phase into the gapless polarized spin liquid phase the system shows rapid increase of magnetization m∼(H−Hc)1/6 and magnetic susceptibility a singular behavior as χ(H)∼(H−Hc)−5/6.

ABSTRACT. KM3NeT is a deep-sea research infrastructure comprising two neutrino telescopes, ARCA (Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss) and ORCA (Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss), under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. ARCA is located offshore Sicily at a depth of about 3500 metres, while ORCA is deployed near Toulon, France, at a depth of about 2500 metres. While primarily designed for neutrino research, KM3NeT also provides a unique technological platform for long-term scientific observations in the deep-sea environment. Operating a large-scale scientific instrument in the deep sea poses demanding requirements for photodetection, electronics, precision timing and positioning, power distribution, data transmission, deployment and long-term reliability. The presentation will focus on the advanced technologies enabling the KM3NeT detectors, including the multi-PMT digital optical module (DOM), which integrates 31 photomultiplier tubes, calibration devices and electronics for power, readout and data acquisition in a pressure-resistant glass sphere. The multi-PMT design of the KM3NeT DOM provides a large photocathode area within a compact module, while the segmentation into individual PMTs provides sensitivity to the direction of incoming photons. The architecture and components of the detection units, their deployment in the deep sea, the seafloor network providing power, data transmission and control will also be discussed, together with the data flow and computing model required for data acquisition, processing and analysis. The calibration and positioning systems that are fundamental to the operation of KM3NeT as a precision scientific instrument will also be addressed. The KM3NeT infrastructure supports multidisciplinary research in the deep-sea environment alongside its primary neutrino research programme. Measurements of optical properties, bioluminescence, sea currents and acoustic signals are essential for the calibration and operation of the detector, while also offering opportunities for studies in marine biology, oceanography, geophysics and environmental monitoring. This perspective highlights how the advanced technologies developed for KM3NeT can extend the scientific reach of the infrastructure beyond its primary mission.

ABSTRACT. Nuclear technologies occupy an increasingly prominent place across many fields of science and engineering. This progress, however, has been accompanied by a range of adverse side effects that have markedly raised the radiation background of the environment. Among present-day sources of energy-related pollution, radioactive contamination exerts the most severe adverse influence on living organisms. The problem remains highly topical: research on ionizing radiation, particularly in the aftermath of recent nuclear accidents, has substantially revised our understanding of its impact on human health and on the environment, and the issue will retain its importance for many years to come. At the same time, the population generally has no information on the extent of radioactive contamination of the air, water, soil and foodstuffs in the areas where it lives. Ionizing radiation can cause irreversible damage both to the surrounding environment and to living organisms, and its damaging action is expressed at every level of biological organisation - molecular, cellular and whole-organism. The biological response to radiation varies with dose and may be either beneficial or harmful, although it is most often detrimental. At low doses, radiation is reported to exert a stimulating effect that exercises the body’s biological defence systems; radon baths, in which the radiation level is slightly above natural background, are used for this purpose at many spa resorts, and improved work capacity, a calming effect on the nervous system and accelerated wound healing have been reported in patients undergoing such treatment. High doses, by contrast, frequently cause the death of the organism through the destruction of tissue cells. Radiosensitivity also differs markedly from organ to organ. The probability of tissue damage depends on the total dose and on the dose rate, since, owing to their reparative capacity, most organs are able to recover following low-dose exposure

ABSTRACT. Small clusters of boron atoms, which prefer the (quasi)planar structures, can be considered as building blocks for growing 2D boron based materials [1] holding promise for advanced technologies. On the one hand, their key ground-state parameters—binding energy, bond length, and zero-point frequency—were estimated within a semiempirical diatomic model [2,3], taking into account the influence of static atomic charges [4,5] characteristic even for clusters of identical atoms due to finite size. For small boron clusters containing n = 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 atoms expected to be asymmetric [6], nonzero electric dipole moments were also estimated. On the other hand, the ground-state parameters of boron clusters can be obtained [7] using the semiclassical ab initio method [8,9] for calculating the electronic structure of atoms and their systems. This method leads to the construction of hydrogen-like atomic orbitals and, accordingly, integral representations of atomic and interatomic potentials in forms integrable into elementary functions. Based on the implementation [10,11] of this approach for the boron atom, expressions can be derived for the matrix elements of the Hamiltonian and the overlap integrals in the secular equation defining the electronic structure of all-boron materials, in particular, boron clusters. The semiempirical results of the evaluation are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental mass spectra of boron clusters. However, the question of their quantitative reliability remains open. To address this issue, this presentation will construct a scheme for semiclassical ab initio calculations that allows one to determine the atomic charges and key ground state parameters of boron clusters. References [1] Chkhartishvili, L. (2024) Growth of 2D boron materials. Handbook of Emerging Materials for Sustainable Energy, Elsevier, 921-960. [2] Chkhartishvili, L. (2021) Nanoclusters binding energy in diatomic model. Int. J. Adv. Nano Comput. Anal., 1, 80-83. [3] Chkhartishvili, L. (2022) Relative stability of boron planar clusters in diatomic molecular model. Molecules, 27, 1469, 20 p. [4] Chkhartishvili, L. (2023) Effect of static atomic charges on small elemental clusters: Evidence from boron. Int. J. Adv. Nano Comput. Anal., 2, 13-21. [5] Odishvili, T., Chkhartishvili, L. (2025) Evaluation of static atomic charges in elementary nanostructures: Boron planar clusters. Charact. Appl. Nanomater., 8, 11815, 6 p. [6] Odishvili, T., Chkhartishvili, L. (2025) All-boron planar clusters with electric dipole moment. Solid State Sci., 160, 107833, 4 p. [7] Chkhartishvili, L. Ivanidze, N. (2026) On construction secular equation determining electronic structure – All-boron and boron-rich materials. Abs. Int. Conf. Next-Gen Mater. Sust. Future, Akal Univ. Publ., Talwandi Sabo, 150. [8] Chkhartishvili, L. (2021) On semiclassical approach to materials electronic structure. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. Res., 8, 41-49. [9] Chkhartishvili, L. (2021) How to calculate condensed matter electronic structure based on multi-electron atom semiclassical model. Condens. Matt., 6, 46, 28 p. [10] Chkhartishvili L. (2023) Construction of semiclassical interatomic B–B pair potential to characterize all-boron nanomaterials. Charact. Appl. Nanomater., 6, 1852, 16 p. [11] Chkhartishvili L. (2025) Semiclassical potential function of B–B interaction: Reduction to integrable form. IgMin Res., 3, 362-378.

ABSTRACT. The internationalization of maritime education is one of the key priorities of the modern global maritime industry, contributing to the development of competitive professionals capable of working effectively in multicultural environments. International academic mobility, exchange programs, and cooperation with foreign educational institutions provide students with opportunities to enhance their professional, intercultural, and leadership competencies. In the context of the Black Sea region, the internationalization of maritime education is particularly important for developing professionals capable of working with smart maritime technologies, digital systems, environmental monitoring tools, and sustainable maritime operations. International exchange and academic mobility provide access to advanced practices in marine environmental monitoring and smart technologies, strengthening the human capacity required to address emerging environmental and technological challenges in the Black Sea region.

ABSTRACT. Marine litter monitoring in semi-enclosed seas requires scalable and technology-driven solutions capable of providing spatially consistent and reproducible data. Building upon coastal environmental monitoring activities along the Georgian Black Sea coast, this paper develops a UAV-supported geospatial surveillance framework for risk-based marine litter assessment. The framework integrates drone-based aerial imaging, GIS spatial analysis, hotspot coding (HS-01 to HS-03), transect-based observations, and a structured Risk Index model to classify pollution intensity and define monitoring frequency. Three priority zones - Batumi Port Area, Chorokhi River Mouth, and Kobuleti Beach - were selected according to anthropogenic pressure, river-borne transport, and seasonal accumulation dynamics. Initial implementation confirmed the feasibility of combining UAV, GIS, and educational field practice for maritime environmental surveillance. The proposed approach supports decision-making, strengthens digital competences in maritime education, and provides a scalable pathway toward future SWIM-based autonomous monitoring.

ABSTRACT. Diabetes mellitus is increasingly recognized not only as a metabolic disorder but also as a disease of impaired cellular communication involving pancreatic islets, immune synapses, vascular endothelium, and insulin-responsive tissues. Early-stage cell interactions—including first contact, adhesion, receptor binding, and membrane signaling—are strongly influenced by biomechanical and bioenergetic states. Coherent light technologies such as optical tweezers, photobiomodulation, interferometric microscopy, and optical stretching offer unique opportunities to both quantify and modulate these processes. This review summarizes the physical principles governing light–cell interactions, evaluates their relevance to diabetic pathology, and discusses translational opportunities for precision photomedicine. Particular attention is given to beta-cell cohesion, autoimmune recognition, insulin receptor kinetics, and endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction. The convergence of biophotonics, mechanobiology, and artificial intelligence may enable a new class of non-pharmacological interventions for diabetes.